阅读说明：本技术 频散曲线自动拾取方法及装置 (Method and device for automatically picking up frequency dispersion curve ) 是由 彭文 张亨 张华� 巫盛洪 吕文彪 金德刚 于 2019-10-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：申请提供一种频散曲线自动拾取方法及装置,利用面波频散谱上基阶、1阶、2阶等各阶面波的谱振幅值和相速度分布特征,建立了一套能自动区分各阶面波的频率-相速度对的方法,可以区分出不同阶的面波分量,也能准确找到相邻阶之间频率重叠部分的频散点,比人工交互拾取的速度快,拾取的频散点准确,能够满足油气勘探地震数据处理效率的要求。(The method and the device for automatically picking up the frequency dispersion curve are applied, a set of method capable of automatically distinguishing frequency-phase velocity pairs of each order of surface waves such as fundamental order, 1 order, 2 order and the like on a surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum is established by utilizing the spectral amplitude values and the phase velocity distribution characteristics of the surface waves of each order, surface wave components of different orders can be distinguished, frequency dispersion points of frequency overlapping parts between adjacent orders can be accurately found, the picking speed is higher than that of manual interaction, the picked frequency dispersion points are accurate, and the requirement of seismic data processing efficiency of oil-gas exploration can be met.)

1. A method for automatically picking up a dispersion curve is characterized by comprising the following steps:

generating a surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum according to the acquired seismic data, wherein the surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum comprises a plurality of frequency sampling points;

selecting a set number of phase velocity points from the spectral lines on each frequency sampling point in sequence, wherein the spectral amplitude value of each selected phase velocity point is greater than the spectral amplitude values of other phase velocity points on the corresponding spectral lines;

determining the frequency dispersion point of each order surface wave according to the frequency of each selected phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

and picking up the dispersion points of each order of surface waves to generate a dispersion curve.

2. The method for automatically picking up a dispersion curve according to claim 1, wherein the determining the dispersion point of each order surface wave according to the frequency of each selected phase velocity point and the corresponding spectral amplitude value comprises:

determining a starting point of the fundamental wave according to the selected frequency of the phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

and determining the frequency dispersion points of each order surface wave from the starting point of the fundamental surface wave component according to the phase velocity sampling points corresponding to each frequency sampling point in sequence from small to large in frequency.

3. The method for automatically picking up a dispersion curve according to claim 2, wherein the determining the starting point of the fundamental wave according to the frequency of the phase velocity sampling point and the corresponding spectral amplitude value comprises:

selecting a frequency sampling point with the frequency less than 6 Hz;

and selecting one phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value from the set number of phase velocity points corresponding to all the selected frequency sampling points, and determining the phase velocity point as the starting point of the fundamental surface wave.

4. The method for automatically picking up a dispersion curve according to claim 2, wherein the step of determining dispersion points of each order surface wave sequentially according to the phase velocity sampling points corresponding to each frequency sampling point in the order from the small frequency to the large frequency from the starting point of the fundamental surface wave component comprises:

sequencing the phase velocity points corresponding to the set number of the selected frequency sampling points from large to small according to the spectrum amplitude values to generate a spectrum amplitude value sequence corresponding to each frequency sampling point;

and sequentially determining the surface wave corresponding to each phase velocity point in each spectrum amplitude value sequence according to the sequence of the spectrum amplitude value sequences, wherein the phase velocity point corresponding to each order of surface wave is the frequency dispersion point of each order of surface wave.

5. The method for automatically picking up a dispersion curve according to claim 1, wherein the step of picking up dispersion points of each order of surface waves to generate a dispersion curve comprises:

and eliminating phase velocity points which are not determined to correspond to the surface waves, and other unselected phase velocity points on the spectral line corresponding to each frequency sampling point to form a frequency dispersion curve.

6. The method for automatically picking up a dispersion curve according to claim 4, wherein the sequentially determining the surface wave to which each phase velocity point in each sequence of spectral amplitude values corresponds according to the sequence of spectral amplitude values, wherein the phase velocity point determined corresponding to each order surface wave is the dispersion point of each order surface wave, comprises:

for each spectrum amplitude value sequence, starting from the fundamental-order surface wave, judging whether a phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value is in a first set range determined by the frequency component phase velocity of the current surface wave corresponding to the current frequency sampling point; if the phase velocity point is judged to be the maximum, the phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value is recorded as the starting point of the frequency dispersion curve of the next-order surface wave adjacent to the current surface wave;

for each spectrum amplitude value sequence, starting from the fundamental-order surface wave, judging whether all phase velocity points except for the phase velocity points recorded into each order surface wave are respectively in a second set range determined by the phase velocity of the frequency component of the current surface wave corresponding to the current frequency sampling point; if the phase velocity points are judged to be the same, the phase velocity points are recorded into the frequency dispersion curve of the corresponding surface wave, and the surface wave corresponding to each phase velocity point in each spectrum amplitude value sequence is further determined.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the first setting range is determined according to a first formula, the first formula being:

|G″_j，1，2-V_m,i|＜D_v

wherein, G ″)_j,1,2A phase velocity value indicating a phase velocity point at which the spectral amplitude value is maximum in the corresponding sequence of spectral amplitude values, J is 1,2, …, J indicates a frequency point number from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency in the frequency dispersion spectrum, starting from the frequency axis at the minimum frequency and increasing by the frequency sampling interval Δ f, V_m,iRepresenting the phase velocity of the frequency component of each order wave, D_vThe average difference of the phase velocities of two adjacent orders of surface waves at the same frequency is manually read from the seismic surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the second setting range is determined according to a second formula, the second formula being:

wherein, G ″)_j,r,2J is 1,2, …, and J represents the frequency point number from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency in the frequency dispersion spectrum, with the frequency sampling interval delta f as increment, and V is the frequency point number of the frequency axis in the corresponding spectrum amplitude value sequence_m,iRepresenting the phase velocity of each order wave frequency component,representing the average difference of the inter-phase velocities of frequency components of adjacent surface waves of the same order artificially read from the frequency dispersion spectrum of the seismic surface wavesThe value is obtained.

9. An automatic dispersion curve pickup device, comprising:

the frequency dispersion spectrum generation module generates a surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum according to the acquired seismic data, wherein the surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum comprises a plurality of frequency sampling points;

the phase velocity point selection module sequentially selects a set number of phase velocity points from the spectral lines on each frequency sampling point, and the spectral amplitude value of each selected phase velocity point is greater than the spectral amplitude values of other phase velocity points on the corresponding spectral lines;

the dispersion point determining module is used for determining the dispersion point of each order surface wave according to the frequency of each selected phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

and the dispersion curve generation module is used for picking up dispersion points of each order of surface waves to generate a dispersion curve.

10. The automatic frequency dispersion curve pickup apparatus as claimed in claim 9, wherein said frequency dispersion point determining module comprises:

the fundamental surface wave starting point determining unit is used for determining the starting point of the fundamental surface wave according to the selected frequency of the phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

and each order wave frequency dispersion point determining unit determines the frequency dispersion point of each order wave according to the phase velocity sampling point corresponding to each frequency sampling point in sequence from the starting point of the fundamental wave component according to the sequence of the frequency from small to large.

11. The automatic frequency dispersion curve pickup apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said fundamental plane wave dispersion point determining unit comprises:

the frequency sampling point selecting unit selects a frequency sampling point with the frequency less than 6 Hz;

and the fundamental surface wave starting point selecting unit selects one phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value from the phase velocity points with the set number corresponding to all the selected frequency sampling points and determines the phase velocity point as the starting point of the fundamental surface wave.

12. The automatic frequency dispersion curve pickup apparatus according to claim 10, wherein said each order wave dispersion point determining unit comprises:

the spectral amplitude value sequence generating unit is used for sequencing phase velocity points corresponding to each selected frequency sampling point in a set number from large to small according to the spectral amplitude value to generate a spectral amplitude value sequence corresponding to each frequency sampling point;

and the phase velocity point attribution determining unit is used for sequentially determining the surface wave corresponding to each phase velocity point in each spectrum amplitude value sequence according to the sequence of the spectrum amplitude value sequences, wherein the phase velocity point corresponding to each order of surface wave is the frequency dispersion point of each order of surface wave.

13. The automatic frequency dispersion curve picking device according to claim 9, wherein the frequency dispersion curve generating module rejects the phase velocity points for which the corresponding surface wave is not determined, and each frequency sampling point corresponds to other phase velocity points on the spectral line which are not selected, so as to form the frequency dispersion curve.

14. The dispersion curve automatic pickup apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said phase velocity point attribution determining unit includes:

the next-order surface wave starting point determining unit is used for judging whether a phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value is in a first set range determined by the frequency component phase velocity of the current surface wave corresponding to the current frequency sampling point from the fundamental-order surface wave for each spectrum amplitude value sequence; if the phase velocity point is judged to be the maximum, the phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value is recorded as the starting point of the frequency dispersion curve of the next-order surface wave adjacent to the current surface wave;

each phase velocity point attribution unit is used for judging whether all phase velocity points except for the phase velocity points recorded into each step surface wave are respectively in a second set range determined by the frequency component phase velocity of the current surface wave corresponding to the current frequency sampling point from the base step surface wave for each spectrum amplitude value sequence; if the phase velocity points are judged to be the same, the phase velocity points are recorded into the frequency dispersion curve of the corresponding surface wave, and the surface wave corresponding to each phase velocity point in each spectrum amplitude value sequence is further determined.

15. The automatic dispersion curve pickup apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said first setting range is determined according to a first formula:

|G″_j,1,2-V_m,i|＜D_v

wherein, G ″)_j,1,2A phase velocity value indicating a phase velocity point at which the spectral amplitude value is maximum in the corresponding sequence of spectral amplitude values, J is 1,2, …, J indicates a frequency point number from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency in the frequency dispersion spectrum, starting from the frequency axis at the minimum frequency and increasing by the frequency sampling interval Δ f, V_m,iRepresenting the phase velocity of the frequency component of each order wave, D_vThe average difference of the phase velocities of two adjacent orders of surface waves at the same frequency is manually read from the seismic surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum.

16. The automatic dispersion curve pickup apparatus according to claim 14, wherein said second setting range is determined according to a second formula:

wherein, G ″)_j,r,2J is 1,2, …, and J represents the frequency point number from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency in the frequency dispersion spectrum, with the frequency sampling interval delta f as increment, and V is the frequency point number of the frequency axis in the corresponding spectrum amplitude value sequence_m,iRepresenting the phase velocity of each order wave frequency component,the average difference of the inter-phase velocity of the frequency components of adjacent surface waves of the same order is manually read from the frequency dispersion spectrum of the seismic surface waves.

17. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the method of any of claims 1 to 8 when executing the program.

18. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method of any one of claims 1 to 8.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of exploration of oil fields, in particular to a method and a device for automatically picking up a dispersion curve.

Background

Subterranean formations near the surface of the earth are known as regolith, which is usually a thin layer of low velocity, uncompacted material. The near-surface model concerned by oil and gas exploration can be simplified into a three-layer structure, namely a low-speed zone, a deceleration zone and a high-speed layer, wherein some regions do not have the deceleration zone, most regions belong to a layered structure model with the stratum hardness increasing layer by layer along with the depth, and only in the salt marsh region and other specific regions, a harder covering layer is possibly arranged on the surface of the ground, so that the phenomenon that the near-surface contains a low-speed interlayer occurs. It is well known that in order to obtain accurate images of subsurface deep rock and reservoirs, the effects of near-surface anomalies on seismic reflection data must be eliminated; furthermore, the near-surface is also an important and challenging object in velocity field modeling of prestack depth migration. In the oil-gas seismic exploration process, seismic waves generated by seismic source excitation are not only longitudinal waves and transverse waves which propagate towards the underground, but also surface waves which propagate along the near-surface and have strong energy and low speed. Because the near-surface belongs to a vertical non-uniform half space, surface wave components with different frequencies propagate at different phase speeds, namely frequency dispersion occurs, and the law of the surface wave frequency dispersion has a close relation with the structure of a near-surface medium. Surface waves were first discovered in natural seismic records and the earth's internal structures were studied based on their dispersion characteristics. In recent years, surface wave exploration is also widely used in engineering geological exploration to investigate the formation structure in a depth range of tens of meters near the earth's surface.

The surface wave method for detecting the stratum structure is to process the collected original surface wave data to obtain the dispersion characteristics of the stratum, namely, a certain processing algorithm is adopted to extract a dispersion curve from the original surface wave data, namely a relationship curve of the phase velocity of the surface wave changing along with the frequency.

The oil exploration mainly uses a reflected wave seismic acquisition method, and a two-dimensional receiving line can be cut in any angle ray direction taking a seismic source as a center and outwards, and then the propagation condition of a seismic surface wave field is analyzed on the straight line arrangement, wherein the analysis method is similar to a multi-channel transient surface wave analysis technology in engineering geological exploration.

The frequency dispersion characteristics of the multi-channel transient surface waves can be obtained by analyzing frequency-phase velocity dispersion spectrums calculated by a phase shift method, a frequency wave number analysis method, a tilt superposition method and the like, and no matter what calculation method is adopted, the frequency-phase velocity dispersion spectrums obtained are two-dimensional images, and a relation curve of the surface wave frequency and the phase velocity needs to be read from the images. For natural earthquake and engineering geological exploration, the data volume is much less than that of oil-gas seismic exploration, and the actual production needs can be completely met by manually reading a relation curve of the surface wave frequency and the phase velocity from a frequency dispersion spectrum. For oil and gas exploration, if a dispersion spectrum is manually read to obtain a dispersion curve, the work is huge in workload, and a series of subsequent processing work can be seriously influenced in the aspect of the processing efficiency of seismic data. Therefore, there is a need in the art of surface wave analysis for oil and gas exploration for a method that automatically extracts a surface wave dispersion curve from a dispersion spectrum.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve at least one of the above disadvantages, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for automatically picking up a dispersion curve, including:

generating a surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum according to the acquired seismic data, wherein the surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum comprises a plurality of frequency sampling points;

selecting a set number of phase velocity points from the spectral lines on each frequency sampling point in sequence, wherein the spectral amplitude value of each selected phase velocity point is greater than the spectral amplitude values of other phase velocity points on the corresponding spectral lines;

determining the frequency dispersion point of each order surface wave according to the frequency of each selected phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

and picking up the dispersion points of each order of surface waves to generate a dispersion curve.

In some embodiments, the determining the dispersion point of each order surface wave according to the frequency of each selected phase velocity point and the corresponding spectral amplitude value includes:

determining a starting point of the fundamental wave according to the selected frequency of the phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

and determining the frequency dispersion points of each order surface wave from the starting point of the fundamental surface wave component according to the phase velocity sampling points corresponding to each frequency sampling point in sequence from small to large in frequency.

In some embodiments, the determining the starting point of the fundamental surface wave according to the frequency of the phase velocity sample point and the corresponding spectral amplitude value includes:

selecting a frequency sampling point with the frequency less than 6 Hz;

and selecting one phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value from the set number of phase velocity points corresponding to all the selected frequency sampling points, and determining the phase velocity point as the starting point of the fundamental surface wave.

In some embodiments, the determining, in order from the beginning of the fundamental wave component to the beginning of the fundamental wave component, frequency dispersion points of each fundamental wave according to the phase velocity sample points corresponding to each frequency sample point in turn includes:

sequencing the phase velocity points corresponding to the set number of the selected frequency sampling points from large to small according to the spectrum amplitude values to generate a spectrum amplitude value sequence corresponding to each frequency sampling point;

and sequentially determining the surface wave corresponding to each phase velocity point in each spectrum amplitude value sequence according to the sequence of the spectrum amplitude value sequences, wherein the phase velocity point corresponding to each order of surface wave is the frequency dispersion point of each order of surface wave.

In some embodiments, the picking up the dispersion points of the order surface waves generates a dispersion curve, including:

and eliminating phase velocity points which are not determined to correspond to the surface waves, and other unselected phase velocity points on the spectral line corresponding to each frequency sampling point to form a frequency dispersion curve.

In some embodiments, said sequentially determining, according to the sequence of the spectral amplitude value sequences, the surface wave to which each phase velocity point in each spectral amplitude value sequence corresponds, where the phase velocity point determined corresponding to each order surface wave is a dispersion point of each order surface wave, includes:

for each spectrum amplitude value sequence, starting from the fundamental-order surface wave, judging whether a phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value is in a first set range determined by the frequency component phase velocity of the current surface wave corresponding to the current frequency sampling point; if the phase velocity point is judged to be the maximum, the phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value is recorded as the starting point of the frequency dispersion curve of the next-order surface wave adjacent to the current surface wave;

for each spectrum amplitude value sequence, starting from the fundamental-order surface wave, judging whether all phase velocity points except for the phase velocity points recorded into each order surface wave are respectively in a second set range determined by the phase velocity of the frequency component of the current surface wave corresponding to the current frequency sampling point; if the phase velocity points are judged to be the same, the phase velocity points are recorded into the frequency dispersion curve of the corresponding surface wave, and the surface wave corresponding to each phase velocity point in each spectrum amplitude value sequence is further determined.

In certain embodiments, the first set range is determined according to a first formula:

|G″_j，1，2-V_m，i|＜D_v

wherein, G ″)_j，1，2A phase velocity value indicating a phase velocity point at which the spectral amplitude value is maximum in the corresponding sequence of spectral amplitude values, J is 1,2, …, J indicates a frequency point number from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency in the frequency dispersion spectrum, starting from the frequency axis at the minimum frequency and increasing by the frequency sampling interval Δ f, V_m，iRepresenting the phase velocity of the frequency component of each order wave, D_vThe average difference of the phase velocities of two adjacent orders of surface waves at the same frequency is manually read from the seismic surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum.

In some embodiments, the second setting range is determined according to a second formula:

wherein, G ″)_j，r，2A phase velocity value representing each phase velocity point in the corresponding sequence of spectral amplitude values, j-1, 2, …,j represents the frequency point number V from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency by the increment of the frequency sampling interval delta f in the frequency dispersion spectrogram_m，iRepresenting the phase velocity of each order wave frequency component,the average difference of the inter-phase velocity of the frequency components of adjacent surface waves of the same order is manually read from the frequency dispersion spectrum of the seismic surface waves.

The application also provides a frequency dispersion curve automatic pickup apparatus, includes:

the frequency dispersion spectrum generation module generates a surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum according to the acquired seismic data, wherein the surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum comprises a plurality of frequency sampling points;

the phase velocity point selection module sequentially selects a set number of phase velocity points from the spectral lines on each frequency sampling point, and the spectral amplitude value of each selected phase velocity point is greater than the spectral amplitude values of other phase velocity points on the corresponding spectral lines;

the dispersion point determining module is used for determining the dispersion point of each order surface wave according to the frequency of each selected phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

and the dispersion curve generation module is used for picking up dispersion points of each order of surface waves to generate a dispersion curve.

In some embodiments, the dispersion point determining module comprises:

the fundamental surface wave starting point determining unit is used for determining the starting point of the fundamental surface wave according to the selected frequency of the phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

and each order wave frequency dispersion point determining unit determines the frequency dispersion point of each order wave according to the phase velocity sampling point corresponding to each frequency sampling point in sequence from the starting point of the fundamental wave component according to the sequence of the frequency from small to large.

In some embodiments, the fundamental plane wave dispersion point determining unit includes:

the frequency sampling point selecting unit selects a frequency sampling point with the frequency less than 6 Hz;

and the fundamental surface wave starting point selecting unit selects one phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value from the phase velocity points with the set number corresponding to all the selected frequency sampling points and determines the phase velocity point as the starting point of the fundamental surface wave.

In some embodiments, the determining unit for each order wave frequency dispersion point includes:

the spectral amplitude value sequence generating unit is used for sequencing phase velocity points corresponding to each selected frequency sampling point in a set number from large to small according to the spectral amplitude value to generate a spectral amplitude value sequence corresponding to each frequency sampling point;

and the phase velocity point attribution determining unit is used for sequentially determining the surface wave corresponding to each phase velocity point in each spectrum amplitude value sequence according to the sequence of the spectrum amplitude value sequences, wherein the phase velocity point corresponding to each order of surface wave is the frequency dispersion point of each order of surface wave.

In some embodiments, the dispersion curve generating module eliminates phase velocity points that are not determined to correspond to the surface wave, and other unselected phase velocity points on the spectral line corresponding to each frequency sampling point, so as to form a dispersion curve.

In some embodiments, the phase velocity point attribution determining unit includes:

the next-order surface wave starting point determining unit is used for judging whether a phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value is in a first set range determined by the frequency component phase velocity of the current surface wave corresponding to the current frequency sampling point from the fundamental-order surface wave for each spectrum amplitude value sequence; if the phase velocity point is judged to be the maximum, the phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value is recorded as the starting point of the frequency dispersion curve of the next-order surface wave adjacent to the current surface wave;

each phase velocity point attribution unit is used for judging whether all phase velocity points except for the phase velocity points recorded into each step surface wave are respectively in a second set range determined by the frequency component phase velocity of the current surface wave corresponding to the current frequency sampling point from the base step surface wave for each spectrum amplitude value sequence; if the phase velocity points are judged to be the same, the phase velocity points are recorded into the frequency dispersion curve of the corresponding surface wave, and the surface wave corresponding to each phase velocity point in each spectrum amplitude value sequence is further determined.

In certain embodiments, the first set range is determined according to a first formula:

|G″_j，1，2-V_m，i|＜D_v

wherein, G ″)_j，12A phase velocity value indicating a phase velocity point at which the spectral amplitude value is maximum in the corresponding sequence of spectral amplitude values, J is 1,2, …, J indicates a frequency point number from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency in the frequency dispersion spectrum, starting from the frequency axis at the minimum frequency and increasing by the frequency sampling interval Δ f, V_m，iRepresenting the phase velocity of the frequency component of each order wave, D_vThe average difference of the phase velocities of two adjacent orders of surface waves at the same frequency is manually read from the seismic surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum.

In some embodiments, the second setting range is determined according to a second formula:

wherein, G ″)_j，r，2J is 1,2, …, and J represents the frequency point number from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency in the frequency dispersion spectrum, with the frequency sampling interval delta f as increment, and V is the frequency point number of the frequency axis in the corresponding spectrum amplitude value sequence_m，iRepresenting the phase velocity of each order wave frequency component,the average difference of the inter-phase velocity of the frequency components of adjacent surface waves of the same order is manually read from the frequency dispersion spectrum of the seismic surface waves.

An embodiment of the third aspect of the present application provides an electronic device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, and the processor executes the program to implement the steps of the dispersion curve automatic picking method as described above.

A fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, implements the steps of the dispersion curve automatic picking method as described above.

The beneficial effect of this application is as follows:

according to the method and the device for automatically picking up the frequency dispersion curve, a set of method capable of automatically distinguishing frequency-phase velocity pairs of each order of surface waves such as fundamental order, 1 order, 2 order and the like on a surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum is established by utilizing the spectral amplitude values and the phase velocity distribution characteristics of the surface waves of each order, surface wave components of different orders can be distinguished, frequency dispersion points of frequency overlapping parts between adjacent orders can be accurately found, the picking speed is higher than that of manual interaction, the picked frequency dispersion points are accurate, and the requirement of seismic data processing efficiency of oil-gas exploration can be met.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a three-dimensional seismic acquisition observation system for oil and gas exploration in an embodiment of the application.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a two-dimensional reception line seismic recording cut out along the reception array direction in the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 shows a frequency dispersion spectrum of a phase-shifted normal wave of the receiving array in the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 shows 10 ordered spectral amplitude points for each frequency point in the example of the present application.

Fig. 5 shows fundamental, 1 st, 2 nd order surface wave dispersion curves calculated in the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 6 shows the values of the wave dispersion curves of the respective orders calculated in the embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating an automatic dispersion curve picking method in an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of an automatic dispersion curve pickup apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 9 shows a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device suitable for implementing embodiments of the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic flow chart of an automatic dispersion curve picking method in an embodiment of the present application, and as shown in fig. 7, the method specifically includes:

s100: generating a surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum according to the acquired seismic data, wherein the surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum comprises a plurality of frequency sampling points;

s200: selecting a set number of phase velocity points from the spectral lines on each frequency sampling point in sequence, wherein the spectral amplitude value of each selected phase velocity point is greater than the spectral amplitude values of other phase velocity points on the corresponding spectral lines;

s300: determining the frequency dispersion point of each order surface wave according to the frequency of each selected phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

s400: and picking up the dispersion points of each order of surface waves to generate a dispersion curve.

According to the method for automatically picking up the frequency dispersion curve, a set of method capable of automatically distinguishing frequency-phase velocity pairs of each order of surface waves such as fundamental order, 1 order, 2 order and the like on a surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum is established by utilizing the spectral amplitude values and the phase velocity distribution characteristics of the surface waves, surface wave components of different orders can be distinguished, frequency dispersion points of frequency overlapping parts between adjacent orders can be accurately found, the picking speed is higher than that of manual interaction, the picked frequency dispersion points are accurate, and the requirement of seismic data processing efficiency of oil and gas exploration can be met.

In some embodiments, step S100 specifically includes: after an observation system is established for the seismic data collected in the field, the seismic data is shot at any outward angle by taking a seismic source as a centerCutting a two-dimensional receiving line in the line direction (as shown in fig. 1), selecting seismic channels with offset ranging from 10 times of track pitch to 50 times of track pitch on the straight line arrangement to make a phase shift method frequency dispersion spectrum (as shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3), wherein the horizontal axis is a frequency axis, and the frequency of the seismic channels is sequentially f from small to large according to equal sampling interval delta f₁＜f₂＜…＜f_j＜…＜f_J-1＜f_JWherein f is₁Is the minimum frequency, f_JIs the maximum frequency, the sampling interval Δ f is determined according to equation (1)

Wherein n is the number of sampling points of the seismic channel, and delta t is a time sampling interval.

The vertical axis is a phase velocity axis, the sampling interval is determined according to the characteristics of the seismic data and the precision requirement of the frequency dispersion spectrum, and the smaller the sampling interval is, the higher the precision of the spectrum is.

Using a two-dimensional array A_m，iThe spectrum amplitude value of each order of the frequency component of the surface wave on a frequency dispersion spectrum is shown, wherein M is 0, 1,2, …, M represents the order of the surface wave, namely 0 order (basic order), 1 order, 2 order and maximum M order; i is 1,2, …, and I indicates the number of frequency components of each plane wave.

Using a two-dimensional array V_m，iRepresenting the phase velocity of each order wave frequency component; using a two-dimensional array F_m，iA frequency representing each order wave frequency component; using a one-dimensional array K_mAnd a counter for indicating the number of frequency components of each of the plane waves.

Artificially reading average difference value of phase velocity between frequency components of adjacent surface waves of the same order from seismic surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum

Manually reading the average difference D of the phase velocities of two adjacent orders of surface waves at the same frequency from the seismic surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum_v。

In some embodiments, step S300 specifically includes:

s301: determining a starting point of the fundamental wave according to the selected frequency of the phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

s302: and determining the frequency dispersion points of each order surface wave from the starting point of the fundamental surface wave component according to the phase velocity sampling points corresponding to each frequency sampling point in sequence from small to large in frequency.

In specific implementation, step S301 specifically includes:

s3011: selecting a frequency sampling point with the frequency less than 6 Hz;

s3012: and selecting one phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value from the set number of phase velocity points corresponding to all the selected frequency sampling points, and determining the phase velocity point as the starting point of the fundamental surface wave.

In this embodiment, the first frequency f on the frequency axis of the dispersion spectrum₁Initially, for each frequency point f in turn_jThe spectral lines above find out the 10 phase velocity points with the maximum spectral amplitude value by an exhaustive method, and sort the points according to the spectral amplitude value from large to small. Using a three-dimensional array G_j，r，lInformation representing these points found from the spectrum, namely:

j is 1,2, …, J represents the frequency point number of the frequency axis from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency in the frequency dispersion spectrum by taking the frequency sampling interval Δ f as increment.

r-1, 2, 3, …, 9, 10 denotes the results sorted from large to small in terms of spectral amplitude values, i.e. G_j，1，2＞G_j，2，2＞…＞G_j，9，2＞G_j，10，2。

1,2, 3 denotes information of the selected spectrum point, G_j，r，1Frequency value, G, representing a point of the spectrum_j，r，2Spectral amplitude values, G, representing frequency-dispersive spectral points_j，r，3Phase velocity values of the dispersion spectrum points are shown.

By utilizing the characteristic that the energy of a low-frequency band with a surface wave fundamental-order component below 6Hz in oil and gas exploration seismic data is strongest and the frequency band has no high-order surface wave component, the 10 ordered phase velocity points of all frequency spectral lines less than 6Hz are aggregated into { G'_j，r，l} (itMiddle frequency G'_j，r，1< 6Hz) and adopting a bubbling method to quickly find the point with the maximum spectral amplitude value, wherein the point is the starting point of the fundamental wave component.

Frequency f from origin of fundamental wave component_tTo begin with, the current plane wave order is set to the fundamental order, i.e., 0 → m, and the origin dispersion curve information of the fundamental plane wave component is set as follows,

in addition, in some embodiments, step S302 specifically includes:

s3021: sequencing the phase velocity points corresponding to the set number of the selected frequency sampling points from large to small according to the spectrum amplitude values to generate a spectrum amplitude value sequence corresponding to each frequency sampling point;

s3022: and sequentially determining the surface wave corresponding to each phase velocity point in each spectrum amplitude value sequence according to the sequence of the spectrum amplitude value sequences, wherein the phase velocity point corresponding to each order of surface wave is the frequency dispersion point of each order of surface wave.

In some embodiments, in step S3021, each frequency f is sequentially selected in the order of decreasing frequency to increasing frequency on the frequency axis of the frequency spectrum_j10 ordered sets of phase velocity points G ″)_j，r，lThe subsequent processing is performed in the order of the spectral amplitude values from large to small.

Further, step S3022 includes:

s3022-1: for each spectrum amplitude value sequence, starting from the fundamental-order surface wave, judging whether a phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value is in a first set range determined by the frequency component phase velocity of the current surface wave corresponding to the current frequency sampling point; if the phase velocity point is judged to be the maximum, the phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value is recorded as the starting point of the frequency dispersion curve of the next-order surface wave adjacent to the current surface wave;

s3022-2: for each spectrum amplitude value sequence, starting from the fundamental-order surface wave, judging whether all phase velocity points except for the phase velocity points recorded into each order surface wave are respectively in a second set range determined by the phase velocity of the frequency component of the current surface wave corresponding to the current frequency sampling point; if the phase velocity points are judged to be the same, the phase velocity points are recorded into the frequency dispersion curve of the corresponding surface wave, and the surface wave corresponding to each phase velocity point in each spectrum amplitude value sequence is further determined.

In this embodiment, the set { G ″ ", is judged_j，r，lThe phase velocity G ″, with the largest spectral amplitude value, in the spectrum_j，1，2Whether or not the phase velocity is within the range determined by the equation (3) for the ith frequency component of the current m-order surface wave, that is

|G″_j，1，2-V_m，i|＜D_v (3)

If the formula (3) is satisfied, the starting point of the m +1 order surface wave component dispersion curve, i.e. the starting point of the m +1 order surface wave component dispersion curve is found

And the frequency component counter of the m +1 order surface wave dispersion curve is set to 1, i.e. 1 → K_m+1。

Then, the set G is sequentially judged according to the sequence of the spectral amplitude values from large to small_j，r，lThe remaining phase velocity G ″)_j，w，2(where w is 2, 3, 4, …, 9, 10) which is within the range where the phase velocity of the ith frequency component of the current m-order surface wave is determined according to equation (4), i.e.

If found, the dispersion point is recorded in the dispersion curve of the m-order surface wave, i.e.

At the same time, the frequency component counter setting of the m-order surface wave dispersion curve is increased by 1, i +1 → K_m。

If no dispersion point satisfying the formula (4) is found, no processing is performed.

And after the steps are executed, carrying out the circulation processing of the next frequency.

If no dispersion point satisfying the formula (3) is found, the set { G' is circularly judged according to the sequence of the spectral amplitude values from large to small_j，r，lThe middle phase velocity G ″)_j，r，2(where r is 1,2, 3, …, 9, 10) whether or not the phase velocity V is at the ith frequency component of the current m-order surface wave_m，iWithin the range determined by the formula (6)

If equation (6) holds, the dispersion point is recorded in the dispersion curve of the m-order surface wave, that is

At the same time, the frequency component counter setting of the m-order surface wave dispersion curve is increased by 1, i +1 → K_mAnd then exits with respect to phase velocity G ″_j，r，2(where r is 1,2, 3, …, 9, 10) loop back to step 5) to continue the processing of the next frequency point on the frequency axis of the spectrum.

If no dispersion point satisfying the formula (6) is found, no processing is performed with respect to the phase velocity G ″_j，r，2(where r is 1,2, 3, …, 9, 10) and then returns to continue the processing of the next frequency point on the frequency axis of the frequency spectrum.

And after each frequency point on the frequency axis of the dispersion spectrogram is circularly processed once according to the steps, the dispersion curve of each order of surface wave can be accurately picked up.

In some embodiments, step S400 specifically includes eliminating phase velocity points that are not determined to correspond to the surface wave, and other unselected phase velocity points on the spectral line corresponding to each frequency sampling point, to form a dispersion curve.

The core concept of the present application is illustrated below with specific examples.

1. Collecting and recording seismic data, establishing an observation system, cutting a two-dimensional receiving line in an outward ray direction by taking a seismic source as a center, and then linearly arranging and selecting seismic channels within a certain offset range to perform a phase shift method frequency dispersion spectrum.

In a desert area, collecting three-dimensional survey line seismic data of a cannon, wherein the track distance is 25m, 10000 tracks of each cannon are provided, the length of each track is 5s, the time sampling interval is 2ms, namely 2500 sampling points are provided for each track, and the receiving arrangement is shown in figure 1. FIG. 2 shows a seismic record with 79 traces for a two-dimensional receive line cut along the receive array direction, with offsets from 975m to 2925 m. FIG. 3 is a frequency dispersion spectrum of a surface wave made by a phase shift method, with a frequency axis from 1Hz to 33Hz and a frequency sampling intervalThe phase velocity axis is from 0.7Km/s to 1.64Km/s, and the velocity interval is 0.2 Km/s.

2. And sequentially finding 10 phase velocity points with the maximum spectral amplitude value for the spectral lines on each frequency point by using an exhaustion method from the first frequency 1Hz on the frequency axis of the frequency dispersion spectrum, and sequencing the points from large to small according to the spectral amplitude value. The black dots in fig. 4 show the 10 spectral amplitude ordered velocity points for each frequency point.

3. The start of the fundamental wave component is determined. As can be seen from the frequency dispersion spectrum shown in fig. 4, the frequency points of the fundamental plane wave having a large spectral amplitude value are all below 6Hz, and the frequency point of 5.2Hz and the speed point of 1.18Km/s, which is the starting point of the fundamental component of the plane wave, can be found by the bubbling method in the range of 1-6 Hz.

4. And sequentially processing 10 ordered phase velocity points of each frequency point from the starting point of the fundamental-order surface wave component according to the sequence of the frequency from small to large, thereby finding out each point of the 0-order, 1-order and 2-order surface wave components. The black dots in fig. 5 are the scattering points of the wave of each order found by the present algorithm, and fig. 6 lists the corresponding values.

The method can be understood that a set of method capable of automatically distinguishing frequency-phase velocity pairs of the surface waves of each order is established by utilizing the spectral amplitude values and the phase velocity distribution characteristics of the surface waves of the fundamental order, the 1 order, the 2 order and the like on the surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum, the surface wave components of different orders can be distinguished, the frequency dispersion points of the frequency overlapping parts between adjacent orders can be accurately found, the picking speed is higher than that of manual interaction, the picked frequency dispersion points are accurate, and the requirement of the seismic data processing efficiency of oil and gas exploration can be met.

Based on the same inventive concept, the present application further provides an automatic dispersion curve picking apparatus at a virtual apparatus level, as shown in fig. 8, including:

the frequency dispersion spectrum generation module 100 generates a surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum according to the acquired seismic data, wherein the surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum comprises a plurality of frequency sampling points;

the phase velocity point selection module 200 sequentially selects a set number of phase velocity points from the spectral lines on each frequency sampling point, wherein the spectral amplitude value of each selected phase velocity point is greater than the spectral amplitude values of other phase velocity points on the corresponding spectral lines;

the dispersion point determining module 300 is used for determining the dispersion points of each order surface wave according to the frequency of each selected phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

the dispersion curve generation module 400 picks up the dispersion points of each order of surface wave to generate a dispersion curve.

Based on the same inventive concept, in some embodiments, the dispersion point determining module includes:

the fundamental surface wave starting point determining unit is used for determining the starting point of the fundamental surface wave according to the selected frequency of the phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

and each order wave frequency dispersion point determining unit determines the frequency dispersion point of each order wave according to the phase velocity sampling point corresponding to each frequency sampling point in sequence from the starting point of the fundamental wave component according to the sequence of the frequency from small to large.

Based on the same inventive concept, in some embodiments, the fundamental plane wave dispersion point determining unit includes:

the frequency sampling point selecting unit selects a frequency sampling point with the frequency less than 6 Hz;

and the fundamental surface wave starting point selecting unit selects one phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value from the phase velocity points with the set number corresponding to all the selected frequency sampling points and determines the phase velocity point as the starting point of the fundamental surface wave.

Based on the same inventive concept, in some embodiments, the step wave dispersion point determining unit includes:

the spectral amplitude value sequence generating unit is used for sequencing phase velocity points corresponding to each selected frequency sampling point in a set number from large to small according to the spectral amplitude value to generate a spectral amplitude value sequence corresponding to each frequency sampling point;

and the phase velocity point attribution determining unit is used for sequentially determining the surface wave corresponding to each phase velocity point in each spectrum amplitude value sequence according to the sequence of the spectrum amplitude value sequences, wherein the phase velocity point corresponding to each order of surface wave is the frequency dispersion point of each order of surface wave.

Based on the same inventive concept, in some embodiments, the dispersion curve generation module rejects phase velocity points that are not determined to correspond to the surface wave, and other unselected phase velocity points on the spectral line corresponding to each frequency sampling point to form a dispersion curve.

Based on the same inventive concept, in some embodiments, the phase velocity point attribution determining unit includes:

the next-order surface wave starting point determining unit is used for judging whether a phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value is in a first set range determined by the frequency component phase velocity of the current surface wave corresponding to the current frequency sampling point from the fundamental-order surface wave for each spectrum amplitude value sequence; if the phase velocity point is judged to be the maximum, the phase velocity point with the maximum spectrum amplitude value is recorded as the starting point of the frequency dispersion curve of the next-order surface wave adjacent to the current surface wave;

each phase velocity point attribution unit is used for judging whether all phase velocity points except for the phase velocity points recorded into each step surface wave are respectively in a second set range determined by the frequency component phase velocity of the current surface wave corresponding to the current frequency sampling point from the base step surface wave for each spectrum amplitude value sequence; if the phase velocity points are judged to be the same, the phase velocity points are recorded into the frequency dispersion curve of the corresponding surface wave, and the surface wave corresponding to each phase velocity point in each spectrum amplitude value sequence is further determined.

Based on the same inventive concept, in some embodiments, the first setting range is determined according to a first formula:

|G″_j，1，2-V_m，i|＜D_v

wherein, G ″)_j，1，2A phase velocity value indicating a phase velocity point at which the spectral amplitude value is maximum in the corresponding sequence of spectral amplitude values, J is 1,2, …, J indicates a frequency point number from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency in the frequency dispersion spectrum, starting from the frequency axis at the minimum frequency and increasing by the frequency sampling interval Δ f, V_m，iRepresenting the phase velocity of the frequency component of each order wave, D_vThe average difference of the phase velocities of two adjacent orders of surface waves at the same frequency is manually read from the seismic surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum.

Based on the same inventive concept, in some embodiments, the second setting range is determined according to a second formula:

wherein, G ″)_j，r，2J is 1,2, …, and J represents the frequency point number from the minimum frequency to the maximum frequency in the frequency dispersion spectrum, with the frequency sampling interval delta f as increment, and V is the frequency point number of the frequency axis in the corresponding spectrum amplitude value sequence_m，iRepresenting the phase velocity of each order wave frequency component,the average difference of the inter-phase velocity of the frequency components of adjacent surface waves of the same order is manually read from the frequency dispersion spectrum of the seismic surface waves.

The method can be used for establishing a set of method capable of automatically distinguishing frequency-phase velocity pairs of each order of surface waves by utilizing the spectral amplitude values and phase velocity distribution characteristics of the surface waves of the fundamental order, the 1 st order, the 2 nd order and the like on the surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum, distinguishing surface wave components of different orders, accurately finding frequency dispersion points of frequency overlapping parts between adjacent orders, and meeting the requirement of seismic data processing efficiency of oil-gas exploration, wherein the picking speed is higher than that of manual interactive picking, and the picked frequency dispersion points are accurate.

An embodiment of the present application further provides a specific implementation manner of an electronic device capable of implementing all steps in the method in the foregoing embodiment, and referring to fig. 9, the electronic device specifically includes the following contents:

a processor (processor)601, a memory (memory)602, a communication Interface (Communications Interface)603, and a bus 604;

the processor 601, the memory 602 and the communication interface 603 complete mutual communication through the bus 604;

the processor 601 is configured to call the computer program in the memory 602, and the processor executes the computer program to implement all the steps of the method in the above embodiments, for example, when the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements the following steps:

s100: generating a surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum according to the acquired seismic data, wherein the surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum comprises a plurality of frequency sampling points;

s200: selecting a set number of phase velocity points from the spectral lines on each frequency sampling point in sequence, wherein the spectral amplitude value of each selected phase velocity point is greater than the spectral amplitude values of other phase velocity points on the corresponding spectral lines;

s300: determining the frequency dispersion point of each order surface wave according to the frequency of each selected phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

s400: and picking up the dispersion points of each order of surface waves to generate a dispersion curve.

From the above description, the electronic device provided by the application establishes a set of method capable of automatically distinguishing frequency-phase velocity pairs of each order of surface waves by using the spectral amplitude values and phase velocity distribution characteristics of the fundamental order, 1 order, 2 order and other orders of surface waves on a surface wave dispersion spectrum, can distinguish surface wave components of different orders, can accurately find dispersion points of frequency overlapping parts between adjacent orders, is higher than the speed of manual interactive pickup, and can meet the requirement of seismic data processing efficiency of oil and gas exploration, and the picked dispersion points are accurate.

Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium capable of implementing all the steps of the method in the above embodiments, where the computer-readable storage medium stores thereon a computer program, and the computer program when executed by a processor implements all the steps of the method in the above embodiments, for example, the processor implements the following steps when executing the computer program:

s100: generating a surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum according to the acquired seismic data, wherein the surface wave frequency dispersion spectrum comprises a plurality of frequency sampling points;

s200: selecting a set number of phase velocity points from the spectral lines on each frequency sampling point in sequence, wherein the spectral amplitude value of each selected phase velocity point is greater than the spectral amplitude values of other phase velocity points on the corresponding spectral lines;

s300: determining the frequency dispersion point of each order surface wave according to the frequency of each selected phase velocity point and the corresponding spectrum amplitude value;

s400: and picking up the dispersion points of each order of surface waves to generate a dispersion curve.

From the above description, the computer-readable storage medium provided by the application establishes a set of methods capable of automatically distinguishing frequency-phase velocity pairs of each order of surface waves by using spectral amplitude values and phase velocity distribution characteristics of fundamental order, 1 order, 2 order and other order surface waves on a surface wave dispersion spectrum, can distinguish surface wave components of different orders, can accurately find dispersion points of frequency overlapping parts between adjacent orders, is faster than manual interactive picking speed, and can meet the requirements of oil-gas exploration seismic data processing efficiency.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the hardware + program class embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment. Although embodiments of the present description provide method steps as described in embodiments or flowcharts, more or fewer steps may be included based on conventional or non-inventive means. The order of steps recited in the embodiments is merely one manner of performing the steps in a multitude of orders and does not represent the only order of execution. When an actual apparatus or end product executes, it may execute sequentially or in parallel (e.g., parallel processors or multi-threaded environments, or even distributed data processing environments) according to the method shown in the embodiment or the figures. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the presence of additional identical or equivalent elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the recited elements is not excluded. For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various modules by functions, and are described separately. Of course, in implementing the embodiments of the present description, the functions of each module may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware, or a module implementing the same function may be implemented by a combination of multiple sub-modules or sub-units, and the like. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form. The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks. As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present description may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the present description may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present description may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and so forth) having computer-usable program code embodied therein. The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment. In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the specification. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction. The above description is only an example of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure. Various modifications and variations to the embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the embodiments of the present specification should be included in the scope of the claims of the embodiments of the present specification.