阅读说明：本技术 基于模拟地震单炮记录标定实际单炮记录层位方法及系统 (Method and system for calibrating actual single-shot record horizon based on simulated seismic single-shot record ) 是由 胡峰 何艳发 龙思萍 高怀军 陈辉 龚富华 于 2019-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种基于模拟地震单炮记录标定实际单炮记录层位的方法、系统,涉及地球物理勘探技术领域。该方法包括建立构造+层速度模型；根据所述构造+层速度模型确定野外实测炮点对应的构造+层速度模型；根据野外实测炮点对应的构造+层速度模型确定仿真模拟地震单炮记录；根据构造+层速度模型,通过模型正演,得到有层位的仿真模拟地震单炮记录,然后标定到对应的野外实测炮点实际单炮记录。本发明利用模拟单炮记录与实际单炮记录时距曲线的高度相似性,快速、准确地用模拟单炮记录层位来标定野外实际单炮记录层位,达到实时分析目的层反射特征和能量,监控单炮记录质量,节约人力和时间,保证采集和处理任务高效完成的目的。(The invention provides a method and a system for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record, and relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration. The method comprises the steps of establishing a structure + layer velocity model; determining a structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point according to the structure + layer velocity model; determining a simulation earthquake single shot record according to a structure + layer velocity model corresponding to a field actual measurement shot point; and obtaining a simulation earthquake single shot record with a layer position through forward modeling according to the structure + layer velocity model, and then calibrating the corresponding actual single shot record of the field actual measurement shot point. The invention uses the high similarity of the time-distance curve between the simulated single shot record and the actual single shot record to quickly and accurately calibrate the field actual single shot record position by the simulated single shot record position, thereby achieving the purposes of analyzing the layer reflection characteristics and energy in real time, monitoring the single shot record quality, saving manpower and time and ensuring the efficient completion of the acquisition and processing tasks.)

1. A method for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record is characterized by comprising the following steps:

establishing a structure + layer velocity model;

determining a structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point according to the structure + layer velocity model;

determining a simulation earthquake single shot record according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point;

and obtaining an actual single shot record with a layer position according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point and the simulation seismic single shot record.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the establishing a formation + layer velocity model comprises:

acquiring seismic data, geological data, well drilling data and logging data in a work area or adjacent work areas;

establishing a time domain structure model according to the seismic data, the geological data, the drilling data and the logging data;

picking up a time domain layer velocity body along the layer according to the time domain structure model, and obtaining a depth domain structure model through time-depth conversion;

and filling the time domain layer velocity body into the depth domain structure model to obtain a structure + layer velocity model.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining a formation + layer velocity model corresponding to a field measured shot from the formation + layer velocity model comprises:

acquiring the topographic line coordinates of the field actual measurement shot points;

and correcting the terrain line coordinates of the structure + layer velocity model according to the terrain line coordinates of the field actual measurement shot point to obtain the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the terrain line of the field actual measurement shot point.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining a simulated seismic single shot record from the tectonic + interval velocity model corresponding to the field measured shot comprises:

obtaining an underground geophysical model according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point;

and simulating propagation in the stratum by using a wave equation, and forward modeling according to the underground geophysical model to obtain a simulated seismic single shot record.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein obtaining the actual single shot record with the horizon from the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point and the simulated seismic single shot record comprises:

obtaining geological stratums of a structure + stratum speed model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot points;

according to the corresponding relation between each geological layer of the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point and each layer of the reflection layer of the simulation earthquake single shot record, automatically calibrating each geological layer of the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point at the well mouth position of the simulation earthquake single shot record according to the travel time of each reflection layer to obtain the simulation earthquake single shot record with the layer;

and according to the high similarity of the time-distance curve of the simulation single shot record with the position and the actual single shot record, projecting the position of the simulation single shot record on the actual single shot record to obtain the actual single shot record with the position, wherein the high similarity comprises travel time and reflection characteristics, and the reflection characteristics comprise frequency, phase, amplitude and time difference.

6. A system for calibrating actual single shot record horizons based on simulated seismic single shot records, the system comprising:

the first model building module is used for building a structure + layer velocity model;

the second model determining module is used for determining a structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point according to the structure + layer velocity model;

the first record determining module is used for determining a simulation earthquake single shot record according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point;

and the second record determining module is used for obtaining the actual single shot record with the horizon according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point and the simulation earthquake single shot record.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the first model building module comprises:

the data acquisition module is used for acquiring seismic data, geological data, drilling data and logging data in a work area or adjacent to the work area;

the structural model determining module is used for establishing a time domain structural model according to the seismic data, the geological data, the drilling data and the logging data;

the time-depth conversion module is used for picking up a time domain layer velocity body along the layer according to the time domain structure model and obtaining a depth domain structure model through time-depth conversion;

and the velocity body filling module is used for filling the time domain layer velocity body into the depth domain structure model to obtain a structure + layer velocity model.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the second model determination module comprises:

the coordinate acquisition module is used for acquiring the topographic line coordinates of the field actual measurement shot points;

and the coordinate correction module is used for correcting the terrain line coordinates of the constructed + layer velocity model according to the terrain line coordinates of the field actual measurement shot point to obtain the constructed + layer velocity model corresponding to the terrain line of the field actual measurement shot point.

9. The system of claim 8, wherein the first record determination module comprises:

the physical model determining module is used for obtaining an underground geophysical model according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point;

and the model forward modeling module is used for simulating propagation in the stratum by using a wave equation and obtaining a simulated earthquake single shot record according to the underground geophysical model forward modeling.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the second record determination module comprises:

the geological horizon acquisition module is used for acquiring geological horizons of a structure + layer speed model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot points;

the geological layer calibration module is used for automatically calibrating the geological layer positions of the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot points at the well mouth position of the simulation earthquake single shot record according to the corresponding relation between the geological layer positions of the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot points and the layer positions of the reflection layers of the simulation earthquake single shot record through the travel time of the reflection layers, and obtaining the simulation earthquake single shot record with the layer positions;

and the layer position projection module is used for projecting the layer position of the simulation single shot record on the actual single shot record according to the high similarity of the time distance curve of the simulation single shot record with the layer position and the actual single shot record to obtain the actual single shot record with the layer position, wherein the high similarity comprises travel time and reflection characteristics, and the reflection characteristics comprise frequency, phase, amplitude and time difference.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to a seismic data acquisition and processing technology of a complex mountain structure, and particularly relates to a method and a system for calibrating an actual single-shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single-shot record.

Background

In land seismic exploration, a geological horizon is usually calibrated on a seismic single shot record by adopting a manual calibration method to judge whether the quality of a target layer for acquiring data can complete a geological task, but the work needs to compile a T0 map of a reflection target layer when the target layer is buried, so that a large amount of manpower and time are consumed, and a strong seismic data explanation basis and experience are needed. In the field data acquisition link, most field processing personnel, geophysical prospecting supervision and technical personnel rarely contact with seismic data interpretation work, and are not familiar with or have insufficient understanding of target layer reflection characteristics, so that the geological reflection layer position is very difficult to determine on single shot records, the manual calibration method is low in efficiency, the single shot record quality cannot be monitored rapidly in real time, and the method has certain hysteresis.

Therefore, how to provide a new solution, which can solve the above technical problems, is a technical problem to be solved in the art.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, embodiments of the present invention provide a method and a system for calibrating an actual single-shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single-shot record, which utilize the high similarity between the time-distance curve of the simulated single-shot record and the time-distance curve of the actual single-shot record to quickly and accurately calibrate an actual single-shot record horizon in the field by using the simulated single-shot record horizon, so as to achieve the purposes of analyzing layer reflection characteristics and energy in real time, monitoring the single-shot record quality, saving labor and time, and ensuring efficient completion of acquisition and processing tasks.

One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a method for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record, which comprises the following steps:

establishing a structure + layer velocity model;

determining a structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point according to the structure + layer velocity model;

determining a simulation earthquake single shot record according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point;

and obtaining an actual single shot record with a layer position according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point and the simulation seismic single shot record.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the establishing a formation + layer velocity model includes:

acquiring seismic data, geological data, well drilling data and logging data in a work area or adjacent work areas;

establishing a time domain structure model according to the seismic data, the geological data, the drilling data and the logging data;

picking up a time domain layer velocity body along the layer according to the time domain structure model, and obtaining a depth domain structure model through time-depth conversion;

and filling the time domain layer velocity body into the depth domain structure model to obtain a structure + layer velocity model.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, determining a structure + layer velocity model corresponding to a field measured shot point according to the structure + layer velocity model includes:

acquiring the topographic line coordinates of the field actual measurement shot points;

and correcting the terrain line coordinates of the structure + layer velocity model according to the terrain line coordinates of the field actual measurement shot point to obtain the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the terrain line of the field actual measurement shot point.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, determining a simulated seismic single shot record according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point comprises:

obtaining an underground geophysical model according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point;

and simulating propagation in the stratum by using a wave equation, and forward modeling according to the underground geophysical model to obtain a simulated seismic single shot record.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, obtaining an actual single shot record with a horizon according to a structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point and a simulation seismic single shot record comprises:

obtaining geological stratums of a structure + stratum speed model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot points;

according to the corresponding relation between each geological layer of the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point and each layer of the reflection layer of the simulation earthquake single shot record, automatically calibrating each geological layer of the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point at the well mouth position of the simulation earthquake single shot record according to the travel time of each reflection layer to obtain the simulation earthquake single shot record with the layer;

and according to the high similarity of the time-distance curve of the simulation single shot record with the position and the actual single shot record, projecting the position of the simulation single shot record on the actual single shot record to obtain the actual single shot record with the position, wherein the high similarity comprises travel time and reflection characteristics, and the reflection characteristics comprise frequency, phase, amplitude and time difference.

One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a system for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record, comprising:

the first model building module is used for building a structure + layer velocity model;

the second model determining module is used for determining a structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point according to the structure + layer velocity model;

the first record determining module is used for determining a simulation earthquake single shot record according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point;

and the second record determining module is used for obtaining the actual single shot record with the horizon according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point and the simulation earthquake single shot record.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first model building module includes:

the data acquisition module is used for acquiring seismic data, geological data, drilling data and logging data in a work area or adjacent to the work area;

the structural model determining module is used for establishing a time domain structural model according to the seismic data, the geological data, the drilling data and the logging data;

the time-depth conversion module is used for picking up a time domain layer velocity body along the layer according to the time domain structure model and obtaining a depth domain structure model through time-depth conversion;

and the velocity body filling module is used for filling the time domain layer velocity body into the depth domain structure model to obtain a structure + layer velocity model.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second model determining module includes:

the coordinate acquisition module is used for acquiring the topographic line coordinates of the field actual measurement shot points;

and the coordinate correction module is used for correcting the terrain line coordinates of the constructed + layer velocity model according to the terrain line coordinates of the field actual measurement shot point to obtain the constructed + layer velocity model corresponding to the terrain line of the field actual measurement shot point.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the first record determining module includes:

the physical model determining module is used for obtaining an underground geophysical model according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point;

and the model forward modeling module is used for simulating propagation in the stratum by using a wave equation and obtaining a simulated earthquake single shot record according to the underground geophysical model forward modeling.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second record determining module includes:

the geological horizon acquisition module is used for acquiring geological horizons of a structure + layer speed model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot points;

the geological layer calibration module is used for automatically calibrating the geological layer positions of the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot points at the well mouth position of the simulation earthquake single shot record according to the corresponding relation between the geological layer positions of the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot points and the layer positions of the reflection layers of the simulation earthquake single shot record through the travel time of the reflection layers, and obtaining the simulation earthquake single shot record with the layer positions;

and the layer position projection module is used for projecting the layer position of the simulation single shot record on the actual single shot record according to the high similarity of the time distance curve of the simulation single shot record with the layer position and the actual single shot record to obtain the actual single shot record with the layer position, wherein the high similarity comprises travel time and reflection characteristics, and the reflection characteristics comprise frequency, phase, amplitude and time difference.

The method and the system for calibrating the actual single-shot record horizon based on the simulated seismic single-shot record have the advantages that the geological horizon is calibrated one by one on the single-shot record by using the direct projection of the simulated seismic single-shot record horizon instead of the field-stationed and experienced interpreter, the method and the system have the characteristics of simple analysis steps, high calculation efficiency and good application effect, meanwhile, the reflection time and the wave group characteristics of the actual single-shot record and the simulated seismic single-shot record have good corresponding relations, the actual single-shot record horizon is calibrated accurately and reliably, the target horizon can be quickly positioned, the reflection characteristics and the energy are analyzed for quality monitoring, a large amount of manpower and time are saved, the efficient completion of geological collection and processing tasks is ensured, and the seismic data quality control efficiency and the seismic data quality control effect are improved.

In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for calibrating an actual shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic shot record according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first model building module in a system for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second model determination module in a system for calibrating an actual shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic shot record according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first record determining module in a system for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second record determining module in the system for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for calibrating an actual shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic shot record according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 7 is a detailed flowchart of step S101 in fig. 6;

fig. 8 is a detailed flowchart of step S102 in fig. 6;

fig. 9 is a detailed flowchart of step S103 in fig. 9;

fig. 10 is a detailed flowchart of step S104 in fig. 9;

FIG. 11 is a schematic flow chart of a method for calibrating actual single shot records for simulated seismic simulation single shot records in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a process for establishing a complex formation + layer velocity in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIGS. 13(a) to 13(d) are schematic diagrams of simulated seismic wave propagation to obtain simulated single shot records;

fig. 14 is an effect diagram of calibrating an actual single shot record layer position by using a simulation single shot record in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be embodied as a system, apparatus, method or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may be embodied in the form of: entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.

The principles and spirit of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments of the invention.

In land seismic exploration, a geological horizon is usually calibrated on a seismic single shot record by adopting a manual calibration method to judge whether the quality of a target layer for acquiring data can complete a geological task, but the work needs to compile a T0 map of a reflection target layer when the target layer is buried, so that a large amount of manpower and time are consumed, and a strong seismic data explanation basis and experience are needed. In the field data acquisition link, most field processing personnel, geophysical prospecting supervision and technical personnel rarely contact with seismic data interpretation work, and are not familiar with or have insufficient understanding of target layer reflection characteristics, so that the geological reflection horizon is very difficult to determine on a single shot record. And the manual calibration method has low efficiency, cannot quickly monitor the single shot record quality in real time, and has certain hysteresis.

The inventors of the present invention have found that the high similarity of the time-distance curves of the simulated single shot records and the actual single shot records, including travel time, reflection characteristics (frequency, phase, amplitude, time difference, etc.), makes it feasible to calibrate the actual single shot record horizon in the field using the known simulated single shot record horizon. The invention provides a scheme for calibrating an actual single shot record position by using a simulation earthquake single shot record, which utilizes the high similarity of time-distance curves of the simulation single shot record and the actual single shot record to quickly and accurately calibrate the actual single shot record position in the field by using the simulation single shot record position, thereby achieving the purposes of analyzing the layer reflection characteristics and energy in real time, monitoring the single shot record quality, saving labor and time and ensuring the efficient completion of acquisition and processing tasks.

Specifically, fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a system for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record provided by the invention, and please refer to fig. 1, the system for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record includes:

a first model building module 100 for building a formation + layer velocity model. Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first model building module 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 2, in which the first model building module 100 includes:

the data acquisition module 110 is used for acquiring seismic data, geological data, drilling data and logging data in a work area or adjacent to the work area;

a structural model determining module 120, configured to establish a time domain structural model according to the seismic data, the geological data, the drilling data, and the logging data;

a time-depth conversion module 130, configured to pick up a time domain layer velocity volume along a layer according to the time domain structure model, and obtain a depth domain structure model through time-depth conversion;

and a velocity volume filling module 140, configured to fill the time domain layer velocity volume into the depth domain structure model to obtain a structure + layer velocity model.

That is, in one embodiment of the present invention, using the seismic, geological, drilling and logging data in or adjacent to the work area, the interpreter builds a time domain structure model, the processor picks up a time domain interval velocity volume along the interval, obtains a depth domain structure model through time-depth conversion, and fills the time domain interval velocity into the depth domain structure model to obtain a structure + interval velocity model (as shown in fig. 12).

Referring to fig. 1, the system for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record further includes:

and the second model determining module 200 is configured to determine a structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point according to the structure + layer velocity model.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second model determining module 200 in a system for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record according to an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 3, where the second model determining module 200 includes:

the coordinate acquisition module 210 is used for acquiring the terrain line coordinates of the field actual measurement shot points;

and the coordinate correction module 220 is configured to correct the terrain line coordinates of the structure + layer velocity model according to the terrain line coordinates of the field actual measurement shot point, so as to obtain a structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the terrain line of the field actual measurement shot point.

Referring to fig. 1, the system for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record further includes:

and the first record determining module 300 is configured to determine a simulation seismic single shot record according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point.

Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a first record determining module 300 according to the present invention, please refer to fig. 4, where the first record determining module 300 includes:

the physical model determining module 310 is configured to obtain an underground geophysical model according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actually-measured shot point;

and the model forward modeling module 320 is used for simulating propagation in the stratum by using a wave equation and obtaining a simulated earthquake single shot record according to the underground geophysical model forward modeling.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a subsurface geophysical model can be obtained according to the constructed + layer velocity model, propagation (incidence and reflection) in the stratum is simulated by using a wave equation, and a model forward modeling can quickly obtain a simulated seismic single shot record approaching to reality (as shown in fig. 13(a) to 13 (d)).

Referring to fig. 1, the system for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record further includes:

and the second record determining module 400 is used for obtaining the actual single shot record with the horizon according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point and the simulation seismic single shot record.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a second record determining module 400 according to the present invention, please refer to fig. 5, where the second record determining module 400 includes:

a geological horizon acquisition module 410, configured to acquire geological horizons of a structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actually-measured shot points;

a geological layer calibration module 420, configured to automatically calibrate each geological layer of the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point at the wellhead position of the single simulated seismic shot record according to the corresponding relationship between each geological layer of the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point and each layer of the reflection layer of the single simulated seismic shot record, and according to the travel time of each reflection layer, to obtain a single simulated seismic shot record with a layer;

and the layer position projection module 430 is configured to project the layer position of the simulation single shot record on the actual single shot record according to the high similarity between the time-distance curve of the simulation single shot record with the layer position and the actual single shot record, so as to obtain the actual single shot record with the layer position, where the high similarity includes travel time and reflection characteristics, and the reflection characteristics include frequency, phase, amplitude and time difference.

In an embodiment of the invention, according to the structure + layer velocity model and the simulated seismic single shot record obtained by forward modeling, since geological horizons on the structure + layer velocity model are known (as shown in fig. 14), the geological horizons correspond to the horizons of the reflecting layers of the simulated seismic single shot record, and through travel time calculation of the reflecting layers, the horizons on the structure + layer velocity model are automatically calibrated at the positions of well mouths (minimum points) of the simulated seismic single shot record, so that the simulated seismic single shot record with the horizons (as shown in fig. 14) is obtained. According to the high similarity of the time-distance curve of the simulated single shot record with the horizon and the actual single shot record, including travel time and reflection characteristics (frequency, phase, amplitude, time difference and the like), projecting the horizon of the simulated single shot record on the actual single shot record to obtain the actual single shot record with the horizon (as shown in figure 14)

The system for calibrating the actual single-shot record position based on the simulated seismic single-shot record provided by the invention does not need field stationed experienced interpreters to calibrate the geological position on the single-shot record one by one, but utilizes the simulated seismic single-shot record position to directly project and calibrate the actual single-shot record geological position. The method is an effective thinking and method for monitoring the quality of the original data target layer in the field acquisition and processing link, can quickly position the target layer, analyzes the reflection characteristics and the energy to monitor the quality, saves a large amount of manpower and time, ensures the efficient completion of geological acquisition and processing tasks, and improves the quality control efficiency and effect of seismic data.

Furthermore, although in the above detailed description several unit modules of the system are mentioned, this division is not mandatory only. Indeed, the features and functions of two or more of the units described above may be embodied in one unit, according to embodiments of the invention. Also, the features and functions of one unit described above may be further divided into embodiments by a plurality of units. The terms "module" and "unit" used above may be software and/or hardware that realizes a predetermined function. While the modules described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementations in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware are also possible and contemplated.

Having described a system for calibrating actual single shot record horizons based on simulated seismic single shot records in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the method in accordance with exemplary embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The implementation of the method can be referred to the above overall implementation, and repeated details are not repeated.

In order to improve the application effect of field acquisition single shot record position calibration, the invention provides a method for calibrating the actual single shot record position by simulating the seismic single shot record. Fig. 6 is a schematic flow chart of a method for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record provided by the invention, please refer to fig. 6, where the method for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record includes:

s101: and establishing a structure + layer velocity model. Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a step S101 according to an embodiment of the present invention, referring to fig. 7, the step includes:

s201: acquiring seismic data, geological data, well drilling data and logging data in a work area or adjacent work areas;

s202: establishing a time domain structure model according to the seismic data, the geological data, the drilling data and the logging data;

s203: picking up a time domain layer velocity body along the layer according to the time domain structure model, and obtaining a depth domain structure model through time-depth conversion;

s204: and filling the time domain layer velocity body into the depth domain structure model to obtain a structure + layer velocity model.

That is, in one embodiment of the present invention, using the seismic, geological, drilling and logging data in or adjacent to the work area, the interpreter builds a time domain structure model, the processor picks up a time domain interval velocity volume along the interval, obtains a depth domain structure model through time-depth conversion, and fills the time domain interval velocity into the depth domain structure model to obtain a structure + interval velocity model (as shown in fig. 12).

Referring to fig. 6, the method for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record further includes:

s102: and determining a structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point according to the structure + layer velocity model.

Fig. 8 is a schematic flowchart of step S102 in a method for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record according to an embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 8, where the step includes:

s301: acquiring the topographic line coordinates of the field actual measurement shot points;

s302: and correcting the terrain line coordinates of the structure + layer velocity model according to the terrain line coordinates of the field actual measurement shot point to obtain the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the terrain line of the field actual measurement shot point.

Referring to fig. 6, the method for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record further includes:

s103: and determining a simulation earthquake single shot record according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point.

Fig. 9 is a schematic flowchart of step S103 in the present invention, please refer to fig. 9, which includes:

s401: obtaining an underground geophysical model according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point;

s402: and simulating propagation in the stratum by using a wave equation, and forward modeling according to the underground geophysical model to obtain a simulated seismic single shot record.

In an embodiment of the present invention, a subsurface geophysical model can be obtained according to the constructed + layer velocity model, propagation (incidence and reflection) in the stratum is simulated by using a wave equation, and a model forward modeling can quickly obtain a simulated seismic single shot record approaching to reality (as shown in fig. 13(a) to 13 (d)).

Referring to fig. 6, the method for calibrating an actual single shot record horizon based on a simulated seismic single shot record further includes:

s104: and obtaining an actual single shot record with a layer position according to the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point and the simulation seismic single shot record.

Fig. 10 is a flowchart illustrating a step S104 in the present invention, please refer to fig. 10, which includes:

s501: obtaining geological stratums of a structure + stratum speed model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot points;

s502: according to the corresponding relation between each geological layer of the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point and each layer of the reflection layer of the simulation earthquake single shot record, automatically calibrating each geological layer of the structure + layer velocity model corresponding to the field actual measurement shot point at the well mouth position of the simulation earthquake single shot record according to the travel time of each reflection layer to obtain the simulation earthquake single shot record with the layer;

s503: and according to the high similarity of the time-distance curve of the simulation single shot record with the position and the actual single shot record, projecting the position of the simulation single shot record on the actual single shot record to obtain the actual single shot record with the position, wherein the high similarity comprises travel time and reflection characteristics, and the reflection characteristics comprise frequency, phase, amplitude and time difference.

In an embodiment of the invention, according to the structure + layer velocity model and the simulated seismic single shot record obtained by forward modeling, since geological horizons on the structure + layer velocity model are known (as shown in fig. 14), the geological horizons correspond to the horizons of the reflecting layers of the simulated seismic single shot record, and through travel time calculation of the reflecting layers, the horizons on the structure + layer velocity model are automatically calibrated at the positions of well mouths (minimum points) of the simulated seismic single shot record, so that the simulated seismic single shot record with the horizons (as shown in fig. 14) is obtained. According to the high similarity of the time-distance curve of the simulated single shot record with the horizon and the actual single shot record, including travel time and reflection characteristics (frequency, phase, amplitude, time difference and the like), projecting the horizon of the simulated single shot record on the actual single shot record to obtain the actual single shot record with the horizon (as shown in figure 14)

The method for calibrating the actual single-shot record position based on the simulated seismic single-shot record provided by the invention does not need field stationed experienced interpreters to calibrate the geological position on the single-shot record one by one, but utilizes the simulated seismic single-shot record position to directly project and calibrate the actual single-shot record geological position, and has the characteristics of simple and convenient analysis steps, high calculation efficiency and good application effect. The method is an effective thinking and method for monitoring the quality of the original data target layer in the field acquisition and processing link, can quickly position the target layer, analyzes the reflection characteristics and the energy to monitor the quality, saves a large amount of manpower and time, ensures the efficient completion of geological acquisition and processing tasks, and improves the quality control efficiency and effect of seismic data.

It should be noted that while the operations of the method of the present invention are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this does not require or imply that the operations must be performed in this particular order, or that all of the illustrated operations must be performed, to achieve desirable results. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps combined into one step execution, and/or one step broken down into multiple step executions.

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The invention provides a method for calibrating an actual single shot record position by simulating an earthquake single shot record, which greatly improves the calibration accuracy of the single shot record position and the calibration efficiency and the application coverage rate. The method has the advantages of high efficiency, strong production practicability and wide application prospect. The method steps are shown in fig. 11 in this embodiment, and are described by way of example 11, and include:

(1) using earthquake, geology, well drilling and well logging data in a work area or adjacent to the work area, explaining personnel to establish a time domain structure model, processing personnel to pick up a time domain layer velocity body along a layer, obtaining a depth domain structure model through time-depth conversion, and filling time domain layer velocity into the depth domain structure model to obtain a structure + layer velocity model (as shown in figure 12);

(2) correcting the terrain line coordinates (x, y) of the constructed + layer velocity model according to the terrain line coordinates (x, y) of the field actual measurement shot points to obtain a constructed + layer velocity model corresponding to the field terrain line;

(3) according to the structure + layer velocity model, an underground geophysical model can be obtained, propagation (incidence and reflection) in the stratum is simulated by using a wave equation, and the forward modeling can quickly obtain a simulation earthquake single shot record (such as fig. 13(a) to 13(d)) approaching the reality;

(4) according to the structure + layer velocity model and the simulated seismic single shot record obtained by forward modeling of the model, as the geological positions on the structure + layer velocity model are known (as shown in figure 14) and correspond to the positions of the reflecting layers of the simulated seismic single shot record, the positions of the upper positions of the structure + layer velocity model are automatically calibrated at the positions of well mouths (minimum points) of the simulated seismic single shot record through the travel time calculation of the reflecting layers, and the simulated seismic single shot record with the positions is obtained (as shown in figure 14).

(5) And projecting the simulated single shot record layer position on the actual single shot record according to the high similarity of the time-distance curve of the simulated single shot record with the layer position and the actual single shot record, wherein the high similarity comprises travel time and reflection characteristics (frequency, phase, amplitude, time difference and the like), so as to obtain the actual single shot record with the layer position (as shown in figure 14).

In summary, the method, the system, the computer equipment and the computer readable storage medium for calibrating the actual single-shot record position based on the simulated seismic single-shot record provided by the invention do not need field stationed experienced interpreters to calibrate the geological position one by one on the single-shot record, but directly project and calibrate the actual single-shot record geological position by using the simulated seismic single-shot record position, and have the characteristics of simple and convenient analysis steps, high calculation efficiency and good application effect, and meanwhile, the reflection time and wave group characteristics of the actual single-shot record and the simulated single-shot record have good corresponding relation, and the actual single-shot record position calibration is accurate and reliable. The method is an effective thinking and method for monitoring the quality of the original data target layer in the field acquisition and processing link, can quickly position the target layer, analyzes the reflection characteristics and the energy to monitor the quality, saves a large amount of manpower and time, ensures the efficient completion of geological acquisition and processing tasks, and improves the quality control efficiency and effect of seismic data.

While the present application has been described with examples, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the present application without departing from the spirit of the application, and it is intended that the appended claims encompass such variations and permutations without departing from the spirit of the application.