阅读说明：本技术 一种建筑废料处理装置 (Construction waste treatment device ) 是由 韩建轻 于 2020-12-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种建筑废料处理装置,涉及建筑施工设备技术领域,包括缓冲池,所述缓冲池的两侧分别安装有减速池和排放池,所述缓冲池的两侧均开设有通水孔,所述通水孔贯穿减速池和排放池,所述缓冲池、减速池和排放池的内部均填充有水,所述缓冲池的内壁两侧之间滑动连接有浮板,所述浮板的顶部均匀安装有撞击装置,所述浮板的顶部安装有清理板,所述清理板的顶部开设有与撞击装置相适配的穿孔。该建筑废料处理装置,能够降低装置对电动机的功率以及内部零件强度的要求,降低了装置的成本,消除建筑废料破碎过程中存在的死角,提高建筑废料破碎的效率,能够利用装置的缓冲避震过程对建筑废料进行二次撞击破碎。(The invention discloses a construction waste treatment device, which relates to the technical field of construction equipment and comprises a buffer pool, wherein a reduction pool and a discharge pool are respectively arranged on two sides of the buffer pool, water through holes are respectively formed in the two sides of the buffer pool and penetrate through the reduction pool and the discharge pool, water is filled in the buffer pool, the reduction pool and the discharge pool, a floating plate is connected between the two sides of the inner wall of the buffer pool in a sliding manner, a collision device is uniformly arranged at the top of the floating plate, a cleaning plate is arranged at the top of the floating plate, and a through hole matched with the collision device is formed in the top of the cleaning plate. This construction waste processing apparatus can reduce the device to the power of motor and the requirement of internals intensity, has reduced the cost of device, eliminates the dead angle that exists among the construction waste crushing process, improves the broken efficiency of construction waste, can utilize the buffering shock attenuation process of device to carry out the secondary impact breakage to construction waste.)

1. A construction waste treatment device comprises a buffer pool (1), and is characterized in that: the buffer pool comprises a buffer pool (1), a reduction pool (2) and a discharge pool (3) are respectively installed on two sides of the buffer pool (1), water through holes (4) are formed in two sides of the buffer pool (1), the water through holes (4) penetrate through the reduction pool (2) and the discharge pool (3), water is filled in the buffer pool (1), the reduction pool (2) and the discharge pool (3), a floating plate (5) is connected between two sides of the inner wall of the buffer pool (1) in a sliding mode, a collision device (6) is evenly installed at the top of the floating plate (5), a cleaning plate (7) is installed at the top of the floating plate (5), through holes matched with the collision device (6) are formed in the top of the cleaning plate (7), supporting rods (8) are symmetrically installed at the top of the cleaning plate (7), cleaning devices (9) are installed on two sides of the buffer pool (1), and the cleaning devices (9) are connected with the supporting rods (8), the inside installation of deceleration tank (2) has heating device (10), the one end that buffer pool (1) was kept away from in deceleration tank (2) is installed air jet system (11).

2. The construction waste disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: striking device (6) are including striking groove (601) that the symmetry was seted up, seesaw groove (602) intercommunication is passed through to the bottom in striking groove (601), supporting roll (603) are installed to the inboard bottom in seesaw groove (602), wane (604) are installed at the top of supporting roll (603), sliding connection has striking piece (605) between the inner wall both sides in striking groove (601).

3. The construction waste disposal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the top of wane (604) is inlayed and is had balancing weight (12), balancing weight (12) and striking piece (605) sliding connection.

4. The construction waste disposal apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the top of wane (604) rotates and is connected with backup pad (13), the top fixedly connected with cowl (14) of backup pad (13), cowl (14) and striking piece (605) sliding connection, the bottom of backup pad (13) is through lifting spring (15) and wane (604) fixed connection on.

5. The construction waste disposal apparatus according to claim 4, wherein: the outer side of the supporting roller (603) is fixedly connected with a pressure reducing plate (16), the pressure reducing plate (16) is an arc-shaped plate, the circle center of the pressure reducing plate (16) is the same as that of the supporting roller (603), one side, close to the supporting plate (13), of the pressure reducing plate (16) is rotatably connected with a bearing plate (17), and the bottom of the bearing plate (17) is uniformly provided with a bearing rod (18).

6. The construction waste disposal apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: a tapered groove (19) is formed in the position, close to the pressure bearing rod (18), of the pressure reducing plate (16), and a tapered cap (20) matched with the tapered groove (19) is fixedly connected to one end, far away from the pressure bearing plate (17), of the pressure bearing rod (18).

7. The construction waste disposal apparatus according to claim 5, wherein: the bottom fixedly connected with reset spring (21) of bearing plate (17), the bottom and the decompression board (16) fixed connection of reset spring (21).

8. The construction waste disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the cleaning device (9) comprises a material collecting plate (901), a cleaning motor (902) is fixedly connected to the top of the material collecting plate (901), an output end of the cleaning motor (902) is connected with a winding rod (903), the outer side of the winding rod (903) is fixedly connected with a support rod (8) through a winding rope (904), and one end, far away from the cleaning motor (902), of the winding rod (903) is rotatably connected with the buffer pool (1) through a mounting frame (905).

9. The construction waste disposal apparatus according to claim 8, wherein: the top of the material collecting plate (901) is provided with a protection frame (25), the cleaning motor (902) is arranged in the protection frame (25), and one end of the coiling rod (903) penetrates through the protection frame (25) and is connected with the cleaning motor (902).

10. The construction waste disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: support groove (22) with bracing piece (8) looks adaptation is seted up at the top of buffer pool (1), support vertical spout (23) have all been seted up to the inner wall both sides in groove (22), buffer pool (1) is run through at the top of vertical spout (23), sliding connection has clearance pole (24) between the inner wall both sides of vertical spout (23), bracing piece (8) and clearance pole (24) sliding connection.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of building construction equipment, in particular to a construction waste treatment device.

Background

At present, with the rapid development of the building industry, buildings are one of the prop industries of national economy in China, with the development of urbanization in China, cities are updated rapidly, the building scale is enlarged continuously, the generation and discharge of building wastes are also increased at a high speed, a large amount of building wastes are generated on the building construction site, most of the wastes in underdeveloped areas and cities are directly transported to the suburbs or the villages to be stacked or buried in the open air, and if the wastes are not treated or recycled, the environment is polluted, so that the demand of a building waste recycling device is increasing, and in order to improve the recycling efficiency of the building wastes, the building wastes are generally crushed firstly.

Present construction waste breaker relies on rolling wheel to roll the building waste material and rolls breakage, the power requirement to the motor is higher when the higher construction waste material of hardness such as broken brick stone and concrete piece, it is easy not hard up that the rolling wheel collides with the brick stone for a long time, in order to guarantee the steady operation of device, it is also higher to adapting unit intensity requirement of integrated device, the cost of device has been improved, the quality of construction waste material is great to be difficult to promote, pile up easily at the edge of device and produce the omission at broken in-process, the broken efficiency of waste material has been reduced, the buffering of unable utilization device is moved away to avoid possible earthquakes and is carried out the secondary breakage to construction waste material, the utilization ratio of device is lower, the long-time collision damage with the construction waste material of in the in-process internals of waste material processing, the internals is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a construction waste treatment device, which can reduce the requirements of the device on the power of a motor and the strength of internal parts, reduce the cost of the device, eliminate dead angles in the construction waste crushing process, improve the crushing efficiency of construction waste, perform secondary impact crushing on the construction waste by utilizing the buffering and shock-absorbing process of the device, improve the utilization rate of the device, reduce the pressure born by the internal parts of the device when the construction waste is crushed, reduce the damage rate of the internal parts of the device, conveniently replace the internal parts and reduce the maintenance cost of the device.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the utility model provides a construction waste processing apparatus, includes the buffering pond, the deceleration pond and the discharge tank are installed respectively to the both sides in buffering pond, the limbers has all been seted up to the both sides in buffering pond, the limbers runs through deceleration pond and discharge tank, the inside of buffering pond, deceleration pond and discharge tank all is filled there is water, sliding connection has the kickboard between the inner wall both sides in buffering pond, percussion device is evenly installed at the top of kickboard, the cleaning plate is installed at the top of kickboard, the perforation with percussion device looks adaptation is seted up at the top of cleaning plate, the bracing piece is installed to the top symmetry of cleaning plate, cleaning device is all installed to the both sides in buffering pond, cleaning device and bracing piece are connected, the internally mounted in deceleration pond has heating device, the one end that the buffering pond was kept away from in the deceleration pond is installed air jet system.

Preferably, the impact device comprises impact grooves which are symmetrically arranged, the bottoms of the impact grooves are communicated through a wane groove, a supporting roller is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the seesaw groove, a seesaw is arranged at the top of the supporting roller, the two sides of the inner wall of the impact groove are connected with impact blocks in a sliding way, the floating plate is pressed down after the construction waste collides and is crushed with the impact blocks, the water in the buffer pool is pushed to the deceleration pool and the discharge pool on the two sides by the floating plate, the water in the buffer pool buffers the construction waste falling from the high position, carry out the secondary striking breakage to construction waste, utilize from the eminence with construction waste drop with the striking piece head-on collision of bottom carry out the breakage, only need require the intensity of striking the piece, need not use powerful motor and high-strength's internal connection spare just can carry out the breakage to construction waste that hardness such as brickwork is high, reduced the cost of waste disposal.

Preferably, the top of wane is inlayed and is had the balancing weight, balancing weight and striking piece sliding connection.

Preferably, the top of wane rotates and is connected with the backup pad, the top fixedly connected with cowl of backup pad, cowl and striking piece sliding connection, the bottom of backup pad is through lifting spring and wane fixed connection.

Preferably, the outer side of the supporting roller is fixedly connected with a pressure reducing plate, the pressure reducing plate is an arc-shaped plate, the circle center of the pressure reducing plate is the same as that of the supporting roller, one side of the pressure reducing plate, which is close to the supporting plate, is rotatably connected with a bearing plate, and the bottom of the bearing plate is uniformly provided with bearing rods.

Preferably, a tapered groove is formed in the position, close to the pressure bearing plate, of the pressure reducing plate, and a tapered cap matched with the tapered groove is fixedly connected to one end, far away from the pressure bearing plate, of the pressure bearing plate.

Preferably, the bottom fixedly connected with reset spring of bearing plate, reset spring's bottom and decompression board fixed connection can make the most area of supporting roller receive the extrusion simultaneously when the broken construction waste of device, have improved mutual area of contact when device internals and construction waste striking, have reduced the pressure that device internals bore when broken construction waste, have reduced the spoilage of device internals.

Preferably, cleaning device is including receiving the flitch, the top fixedly connected with clearance motor of receiving the flitch, the output of clearance motor is connected with the winding rod, winding rope and bracing piece fixed connection are passed through in the outside of winding rod, the one end that the clearance motor was kept away from to the winding rod is passed through the mounting bracket and is rotated with the buffer pool and be connected.

Preferably, a protection frame is installed at the top of the cleaning plate, the cleaning motor is installed in the protection frame, and one end of the winding rod penetrates through the protection frame and is connected with the cleaning motor.

Preferably, the top of the buffer pool is provided with a supporting groove matched with the supporting rod, longitudinal sliding grooves are formed in two sides of the inner wall of the supporting groove, the top of each longitudinal sliding groove penetrates through the buffer pool, a cleaning rod is connected between two sides of the inner wall of each longitudinal sliding groove in a sliding mode, and the supporting rod is connected with the cleaning rod in a sliding mode.

Preferably, the heating device comprises a heating plate, the heating plate is uniformly installed on the inner wall of the reduction tank, the surface of the heating plate is of a porous structure, heating balls are filled in the reduction tank, friction grooves are uniformly formed in the outer side of the heating balls, water entering the reduction tank drives the heating balls to flow upwards, the heating balls and the heating plate are heated up in a friction mode in the process of flowing upwards along the heating plate, and water used for buffering in the device can be heated.

Preferably, the air injection device comprises an air bag, the air bag is installed inside the reduction pool, an air injection port is formed in the top of the air bag, and a sealing plate is rotatably connected to the top of the reduction pool.

The invention provides a construction waste treatment device. The method has the following beneficial effects:

(1) this construction waste processing apparatus, construction waste pushes down the kickboard with the crashing piece after broken, the kickboard promotes the inside water of buffer pool in to the reduction gear of both sides and the effluent water, the inside water of buffer pool cushions the construction waste that the eminence dropped, it is broken to carry out the secondary impact to construction waste, the utilization drops construction waste from the eminence and collides with the crashing piece of bottom and carries out breakage, only need require the intensity of crashing piece, need not use powerful motor and high-strength's internal connection spare just can be broken to the construction waste that hardness such as brickwork is high, the cost of waste disposal has been reduced.

(2) This construction waste processing apparatus, striking piece and construction waste striking back position decline cushion, utilize the wane to promote another striking piece striking construction waste once more that rises fast simultaneously, utilize the buffering of device to move away to avoid possible earthquakes the process and carry out the secondary impact breakage to construction waste, improved the utilization ratio of device.

(3) This construction waste processing apparatus, the height difference that lifts up of control clearance board both sides, the construction waste after the breakage drops along the clearance board on the clearance board to the flitch on, the construction waste after the breakage of clearance that can be convenient.

(4) This construction waste processing apparatus can make the most area of supporting roll receive the extrusion simultaneously when the broken construction waste of device, and area of contact each other when having improved device internals and construction waste striking has reduced the pressure that device internals bore when broken construction waste, has reduced the spoilage of device internals.

(5) This construction waste processing apparatus, the dead angle that exists among the elimination construction waste crushing process improves the broken efficiency of construction waste.

(6) This construction waste processing apparatus, change internals that can be convenient has reduced the cost of maintenance of device.

(7) This construction waste processing apparatus, the inside water band that gets into the deceleration tank moves heating ball upflow, and the heating ball heats up along the in-process and the hot plate friction that the hot plate upflow, can heat the inside water that is used for the buffering of device.

(8) This construction waste processing apparatus, the heating ball heats the inside water and the air in speed reduction pond with the hot plate friction intensification back for a long time, and the inside air in speed reduction pond is heated the volume expansion, with the gasbag to the outside promotion in speed reduction pond, pushes away the closing plate after the gasbag volume expansion reaches enough volume, and the gasbag does not have the inside air of stopping of closing plate and from jet-propelled mouth department blowout, can blow the clearance to the construction waste dust on the clearance board.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the floating plate according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of the support roller according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the supporting groove structure of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the internal structure of the deceleration tank of the present invention.

In the figure: 1-buffer pool, 2-deceleration pool, 3-discharge pool, 4-water through hole, 5-floating plate, 6-impact device, 601-impact groove, 602-warping plate groove, 603-supporting roller, 604-warping plate, 605-impact block, 7-cleaning plate, 8-supporting rod, 9-cleaning device, 901-collecting plate, 902-cleaning motor, 903-winding rod, 904-winding rope, 905-mounting rack, 10-heating device, 101-heating plate, 102-heating ball, 103-friction groove, 11-air injection device, 111-air bag, 112-air injection port, 113-sealing plate, 12-counterweight block, 13-supporting plate, 14-arc baffle, 15-lifting spring, 16-decompression plate, 17-bearing plate, 18-bearing rod, 19-tapered groove, 20-tapered cap, 21-reset spring, 22-supporting groove, 23-longitudinal sliding groove, 24-cleaning rod and 25-protective frame.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

Examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are illustrative and intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Example one

Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: the utility model provides a construction waste treatment device, including buffering pond 1, deceleration tank 2 and discharge tank 3 are installed respectively to the both sides of buffering pond 1, limbers 4 have all been seted up to the both sides of buffering pond 1, limbers 4 run through deceleration tank 2 and discharge tank 3, buffering pond 1, the inside of deceleration tank 2 and discharge tank 3 all is filled there is water, sliding connection has kickboard 5 between the inner wall both sides of buffering pond 1, percussion device 6 is evenly installed at the top of kickboard 5, cleaning plate 7 is installed at the top of kickboard 5, the perforation with 6 looks adaptations of percussion device is seted up at the top of cleaning plate 7, bracing piece 8 is installed to the top symmetry of cleaning plate 7, cleaning device 9 is all installed to the both sides of buffering pond 1.

The striking device 6 comprises striking grooves 601 which are symmetrically formed, the bottoms of the striking grooves 601 are communicated through a warping plate groove 602, a supporting roller 603 is installed at the bottom of the inner side of the warping plate groove 602, a warping plate 604 is installed at the top of the supporting roller 603, and striking blocks 605 are connected between two sides of the inner wall of the striking grooves 601 in a sliding mode.

The top of the rocker 604 is embedded with a weight 12, and the weight 12 is slidably connected with the striking block 605.

The top of wane 604 rotates and is connected with backup pad 13, and the top fixedly connected with cowl 14 of backup pad 13, cowl 14 and striking piece 605 sliding connection, and lift spring 15 and wane 604 fixed connection are passed through to the bottom of backup pad 13.

Cleaning device 9 is including receiving flitch 901, receives the top fixedly connected with clearance motor 902 of flitch 901, and clearance motor 902's output is connected with winding rod 903, and winding rope 904 and bracing piece 8 fixed connection are passed through in winding rod 903's the outside, and winding rod 903 keeps away from the one end of clearance motor 902 and passes through mounting bracket 905 and buffer pool 1 rotation and be connected.

The top of the material collecting plate 901 is provided with a protective frame 25, the cleaning motor 902 is arranged inside the protective frame 25, and one end of the winding rod 903 penetrates through the protective frame 25 and is connected with the cleaning motor 902.

When the device is used, the support plate 13 and the arc baffle 14 are lifted upwards by the lifting spring 15, the arc baffle 14 lifts the impact block 605 upwards to enable the heights of the impact blocks 605 in the adjacent impact grooves 601 to be different, the construction waste is thrown to the buffer pool 1 from a high position, the construction waste falls to the buffer pool 1 and then contacts and impacts with the impact block 605 at the top of the floating plate 5, the impact block 605 at the higher height contacts and impacts with the construction waste and then extrudes the warping plate 604 downwards, the impact block 605 at the other side with the lower height is lifted upwards by the warping plate 604, the impact block 605 lifted upwards collides with the construction waste, the construction waste presses the floating plate 5 downwards, the floating plate 5 pushes the water in the buffer pool 1 to the deceleration pool 2 and the discharge pool 3 at the two sides, the water in the buffer pool 1 buffers the construction waste falling from the high position, the construction waste is subjected to secondary impact crushing, and the construction waste falls from the high position to collide with the impact block at the bottom for crushing, only need the intensity of striking the piece, need not use powerful motor and high-strength internal connection spare just can carry out the breakage to high building waste of hardness such as brickwork, reduced the cost that the waste material was handled.

Building waste drops on clearance board 7 after 605 collisions are broken with the striking piece, start clearance motor 902, clearance motor 902 drives winding rod 903 and rotates coiling rope 904, coiling rope 904 pulling bracing piece 8 lifts up clearance board 7, the height difference that lifts up of control clearance board 7 both sides, the building waste after being broken drops on clearance board 7 along clearance board 7 and receives on flitch 901, reverse clearance motor 902 drops 5 tops of kickboard until clearance board 7, the building waste after the breakage of clearance that can be convenient.

Example two

Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: on the basis of the first embodiment, the outer side of the supporting roller 603 is fixedly connected with a pressure reducing plate 16, the pressure reducing plate 16 is an arc-shaped plate, the circle centers of the pressure reducing plate 16 and the supporting roller 603 are the same, one side of the pressure reducing plate 16, which is close to the supporting plate 13, is rotatably connected with a pressure bearing plate 17, and the bottom of the pressure bearing plate 17 is uniformly provided with pressure bearing rods 18.

The pressure reducing plate 16 is provided with a tapered groove 19 at a position close to the pressure bearing rod 18, and one end of the pressure bearing rod 18 far away from the pressure bearing plate 17 is fixedly connected with a tapered cap 20 matched with the tapered groove 19.

The bottom of the pressure bearing plate 17 is fixedly connected with a return spring 21, and the bottom of the return spring 21 is fixedly connected with the pressure reducing plate 16.

During the use, building waste falls after and collides with highly higher striking piece 605, striking piece 605 is extrudeed downwards after striking with the building waste striking, striking piece 605 extrudees bearing plate 17 along the in-process that striking groove 601 descends, bearing plate 17 drives bearing bar 18 and toper cap 20 and gets into the inside extrusion pressure reducing plate 16 of bell jar 19, pressure reducing plate 16 receives the extrusion back and extrudees supporting roller 603 to inboard, can make supporting roller's most area receive the extrusion simultaneously when the broken building waste of device, mutual area of contact when having improved device internals and building waste striking, the pressure that the device internals bore when broken building waste has been reduced, the spoilage of device internals has been reduced.

EXAMPLE III

Referring to fig. 1-5, the present invention provides a technical solution: on the basis of embodiment one, the top of buffering pond 1 is seted up with the support groove 22 of bracing piece 8 looks adaptation, supports the inner wall both sides of groove 22 and has all seted up vertical spout 23, and buffering pond 1 is run through at the top of vertical spout 23, and sliding connection has clearance pole 24 between the inner wall both sides of vertical spout 23, bracing piece 8 and clearance pole 24 sliding connection.

During the use, start clearance motor 902, clearance motor 902 drives the receipts winding rod 903 and rotates coiling receipts rope 904, rolling rope 904 stimulates bracing piece 8 and rotates 7 lifts with clearance board along clearance pole 24, bracing piece 8 extrudes clearance pole 24 for a long time and causes the damage of clearance pole 24 easily, slide upwards along longitudinal sliding groove 23 and take out damaged clearance pole 24, install new clearance pole 24 again and get into longitudinal sliding groove 23 inside, change internals that can be convenient, the cost of maintenance of device has been reduced.

Example four

Referring to fig. 1-6, the present invention provides a technical solution: on the basis of the first embodiment, a heating device 10 is installed inside the deceleration tank 2, and an air injection device 11 is installed at one end of the deceleration tank 2 far away from the buffer tank 1.

Heating device 10 includes heating plate 101, and heating plate 101 is evenly installed at the inner wall of deceleration tank 2, and the surface of heating plate 101 is porous structure, and the inside packing of deceleration tank 2 has heating ball 102, and friction groove 103 has evenly been seted up in heating ball 102's the outside.

The air injection device 11 comprises an air bag 111, the air bag 111 is installed inside the reduction pool 2, an air injection port 112 is formed in the top of the air bag 111, and a sealing plate 113 is rotatably connected to the top of the reduction pool 2.

During the use, building waste extrudees kickboard 5 downwards with striking block 605 collision back, and kickboard 5 will cushion 1 inside water in the pond and extrude entering deceleration tank 2 and discharge pool 3 to both sides from bucket water hole 4, and the inside water of entering deceleration tank 2 moves heating ball 102 upflow, and heating ball 102 heats up along the in-process of heating plate 101 upflow with heating plate 101 friction, can heat the inside water that is used for the buffering of device.

The heating ball 102 rubs with the heating plate 101 for a long time to heat water and air inside the reduction tank 2, the air inside the reduction tank 2 is heated to expand in volume, the air bag 111 is pushed to the outside of the reduction tank 2, the air bag 111 expands to a sufficient volume and pushes the sealing plate 113 open, the air bag 111 does not have the sealing plate 113 to block the air inside and then is ejected from the air jet 112, and the construction waste dust on the cleaning plate 7 can be blown and cleaned.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.