阅读说明：本技术 一种为深海空间站提供核动力的溴盐冷却小型熔盐堆 (Bromine salt cooling small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for deep sea space station ) 是由 李志峰 周遥 郭留云 赖周艳 李杰聪 于 2020-12-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种为深海空间站提供核动力的溴盐冷却小型熔盐堆。所述熔盐堆包含了与地基铰接的三根支撑缓震机械装置；该装置轴向内层主体由两段钛合金管和中间的挠性金属软管组成,以卡套式接头相接,并在接头与金属软管之间增设补偿环,钛合金管上下两侧加防旋销,外层设置冗余保护的缓冲弹簧,内外层轴向间隙以调整垫片补偿；对于熔盐堆反应堆部分,采用溴盐作为冷却剂,冷却剂流动系统采用宽管道设计,减小冷却流动效率以弥补海洋低温环境,反应堆主容器自内层向外设置防腐层、绝热层和保护层；整体结构简单、布局紧凑、安全性高、适应性好,可有效增加在深海低温高压高冲击环境下的工作效率,特别适合作为深海空间站的核动力来源。(The invention discloses a bromine salt cooling small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for a deep sea space station. The molten salt reactor comprises three supporting and cushioning mechanical devices hinged with a foundation; the axial inner layer main body of the device consists of two sections of titanium alloy pipes and a flexible metal hose in the middle, the two sections of titanium alloy pipes are connected through a ferrule type joint, a compensation ring is additionally arranged between the joint and the metal hose, anti-rotation pins are additionally arranged on the upper side and the lower side of each titanium alloy pipe, a buffer spring for redundant protection is arranged on the outer layer, and the axial clearance between the inner layer and the outer layer is compensated through adjusting a gasket; for the reactor part of the molten salt reactor, bromine salt is used as a coolant, a coolant flow system adopts a wide pipeline design, the cooling flow efficiency is reduced to make up for the ocean low-temperature environment, and an anticorrosive layer, a heat insulating layer and a protective layer are arranged from the inner layer to the outer layer of the reactor main container; the device has the advantages of simple overall structure, compact layout, high safety and good adaptability, can effectively increase the working efficiency in the deep-sea low-temperature high-pressure high-impact environment, and is particularly suitable for serving as a nuclear power source of a deep-sea space station.)

1. A bromine salt cooling small-sized molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for a deep sea space station is characterized in that: comprises a main container (3), a heat exchanger (8), a shielding body (2), a freezing plug (10), a heat pipe and a supporting cushioning mechanical structure; the heat pipe is arranged in the main container (3), and the fuel salt (12) reacts in the heat pipe to run; the top of the main container (3) is provided with a shielding body (2), the lower part of the main container (3) is provided with a freezing plug (10), the freezing plug (10) is connected with the bottom of the heat pipe, the top inlet and the lower outlet of the heat pipe are connected with a heat exchanger (8), the coolant flows from bottom to top in the heat exchanger (8), and part of the coolant of the heat pipe flows clockwise; the bottom of the main container (3) is connected with a supporting and cushioning mechanical structure; the control rod (1) is inserted downwards from the top of the main container (3), and the exposed part is positioned in the shield body (2); the material of the coolant is a bromine salt.

2. A bromine-salt-cooled small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for deep-sea space stations according to claim 1, characterized in that the main vessel (3) has three protective layers on the outside, in turn from the inside to the outside, an anticorrosive layer (4), a thermal insulation layer (5) and a protective layer (6).

3. A bromine salt cooled small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for deep sea space stations according to claim 1 characterized by a freezing plug (10) at the bottom of the main vessel (3) communicating with the fuel salt (12) and connected to the emergency storage tank (11) below.

4. A small size bromine salt cooled molten salt pile for providing nuclear power for deep sea space stations according to claim 1 characterized by the shield (2) being funnel shaped.

5. The bromine salt cooled small size molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for deep sea space stations as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the supporting and cushioning mechanical structure comprises a first anti-rotation pin (151), a first titanium alloy pipe (161), a first compensation ring (171), a flexible metal hose (20), a second compensation ring (172), a second titanium alloy pipe (162), a second anti-rotation pin (152) and an adjusting gasket (19) which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the first titanium alloy pipe (161) is connected with a foundation (13) through a hinge, and the flexible metal hose (20) is connected with the first titanium alloy pipe (161) and the second titanium alloy pipe (162) through a ferrule type joint.

6. A bromine salt cooled small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for deep sea space stations as claimed in claim 5 wherein: the length of the flexible metal hose (20) is 1.2 to 1.5 times that of the single-section titanium alloy pipe.

7. A bromine salt cooled small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for deep sea space stations as claimed in claim 5 wherein: the molten salt reactor comprises a first titanium alloy pipe (161), a first compensation ring (171), a flexible metal hose (20), a second compensation ring (172), a second titanium alloy pipe (162), a second anti-rotation pin (152) and an adjusting gasket (19) which serve as inner layers, a buffer spring serves as an outer layer to be coated outside the inner layers, the length of the inner layers is the design reference length of the buffer spring when the molten salt reactor is in a normal working state, and the length of the inner layers is smaller than 0.6-0.8 times of the maximum length of the buffer spring when the metal hose is in an extreme working condition.

8. A bromine salt cooled small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for deep sea space stations as claimed in claim 5 wherein: the three supporting and cushioning mechanical structures are arranged on the foundation (13) in a triangular mode and are located at the bottom of the main container (3).

9. The bromine salt cooled small size molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for deep sea space stations as claimed in claim 1 wherein: a molten salt pipeline (9) is arranged in the heat exchanger (8); the cooling salt exchanges heat of the reactor core with the heat exchanger (8) in a convection way in the pipeline (9).

10. The bromine salt cooled small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for a deep sea space station as claimed in claim 9, wherein the molten salt pipeline is a wide pipeline, the diameter of the pipeline is 0.2-0.6 m, and the height of the pipeline is 2.4-3.9 m.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of nuclear engineering, in particular to a bromine salt cooling small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for a deep sea space station.

Background

In four large spaces of land, sea, air and space, the sea is a resource treasury which is far from being fully developed on the earth. The deep sea space station is also called dragon palace, and is equipment for people to work and live in deep sea for a long time. The deep sea space station is positioned in such a way that the deep sea resource environment detection capability is improved, and the deep sea development and engineering operation capability is enhanced. The device is a high combination of high-technology large-scale manned equipment and leading-edge intelligent unmanned technology in the world, and represents the development direction of high fusion of deep-sea manned technology, information technology and intelligent technology. But is somewhat more complex and difficult to design and construct than a space station because of the extra high pressure environment that deep sea space stations need to withstand on the sea floor. The existing unmanned underwater vehicle mainly uses a storage battery as a main power form, and has the endurance of about 10-40 hours, so that the requirement of underwater operation on the endurance is difficult to meet. In order to adapt to long-term information monitoring reconnaissance or battle, a system with long endurance and high reliability needs to be developed, and underwater endurance is improved to several days or even weeks.

And the molten salt reactor provides a good reference for solving the power problem of the deep sea space station based on the huge advantages of the molten salt reactor which is already embodied by land use. The molten salt reactor is a fourth generation advanced reactor with a very wide application prospect, the characteristics of high power density and high power generation efficiency are that the reactor core has a simpler structure, and can be designed into a small reactor with higher power output, the small reactor can be applied to a plurality of fields such as national defense, scientific research, remote regional power production and the like, no assumption and scheme that the reactor type of the molten salt reactor, which is the fourth generation reactor, is applied to a deep sea space station is disclosed in the world at present, the power of the deep sea space system developed in China mainly depends on batteries at the present stage, and the future nuclear power is not the second choice and development trend. The international agency for atomic energy (IAEA) defines a small reactor as a unit with a generating power of less than 300MWe, and there is no precise definition in terms of size, but it is known from the design results that the diameter of the small cylindrical reactor is less than 2.5 meters and the height is less than 4 meters. The volume of a small reactor is about one third of the volume of a large reactor, relative to a large reactor with a height of 11 meters.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a bromine salt cooling small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for a deep sea space station, which is a small molten salt reactor with high power density, long continuous operation time, high system safety and simple and compact structure, and the conventional molten salt reactor system is changed and used as a nuclear power source for the deep sea space station.

The object of the present invention is achieved by at least one of the following means.

A bromine salt cooling small-sized molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for a deep sea space station comprises a main container, a heat exchanger, a shielding body, a freezing plug, a heat pipe and a supporting and cushioning mechanical structure; the heat pipe is arranged in the main container, and the fuel salt reacts in the heat pipe to run; the top of the main container is provided with a shielding body, the lower part of the main container is provided with a freezing plug, the freezing plug is connected with the bottom of the heat pipe, the top inlet and the lower outlet of the heat pipe are connected with a heat exchanger, the coolant flows clockwise in the heat exchanger from bottom to top; the bottom of the main container is connected with a supporting and cushioning mechanical structure; the control rod is inserted downwards from the top of the main container, and the exposed part is positioned in the shield; the material of the coolant is a bromine salt.

Furthermore, the main container is externally provided with three protective layers, namely an anticorrosive layer, a heat insulating layer and a protective layer from inside to outside.

Furthermore, a freezing plug at the bottom of the main container is communicated with fuel salt, and is connected with an emergency storage tank.

Further, the shielding body is designed to be funnel-shaped.

Furthermore, the supporting and cushioning mechanical structure comprises a first anti-rotation pin, a first titanium alloy pipe, a first compensation ring, a flexible metal hose, a second compensation ring, a second titanium alloy pipe, a second anti-rotation pin and an adjusting gasket which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, wherein the first titanium alloy pipe is connected with the foundation through a hinge, and the flexible metal hose is connected with the first titanium alloy pipe and the second titanium alloy pipe through a ferrule type joint.

Further, the length of the flexible metal hose is 1.2 to 1.5 times that of the single-section titanium alloy pipe.

Furthermore, the first titanium alloy pipe, the first compensation ring, the flexible metal hose, the second compensation ring, the second titanium alloy pipe, the second anti-rotation pin and the adjusting shim are used as inner layers, the buffer spring is used as an outer layer to be coated and arranged outside the inner layer, the length of the inner layer is the design reference length of the buffer spring when the molten salt reactor is in a normal working state, and the length of the inner layer is 0.6-0.8 time smaller than the maximum length of the buffer spring when the metal hose is in a limit working condition.

Furthermore, the three supporting and cushioning mechanical structures are arranged on the foundation in a triangular mode and are located at the bottom of the main container.

Further, a molten salt pipeline is arranged in the heat exchanger; the cooling salt exchanges heat release from the core with the heat exchanger in a convection mode in the pipeline.

Furthermore, the molten salt pipeline is a wide pipeline, the diameter of the pipeline is 0.2-0.6 m, and the height of the pipeline is 2.4-3.9 m.

The invention relates to a small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for a deep sea space station, which comprises a molten salt reactor core component and an out-of-reactor system, wherein the molten salt reactor core component and the out-of-reactor system are separated by a molten salt reactor main container, three protective layers are arranged outside the main container, an anticorrosive layer, a heat insulating layer and a protective layer are sequentially arranged from inside to outside, and the bottom of the main container is connected with a supporting and cushioning mechanical device; the molten salt reactor core is arranged in the main container, and the top of the main container is provided with a shield; the control rods are inserted downward from the top of the main vessel, and the exposed portions are located in the shield.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:

1. the bromine salt cooling small-sized molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for the deep sea space station, provided by the invention, has the advantages that the supporting and shock-absorbing mechanical structure at the bottom of the main container is adopted, the three protective layers for the wall of the main container are additionally arranged, the self-stability of the system is effectively increased, compared with the traditional land molten salt reactor system, the system effectively meets the special requirements of the deep sea space station, the impact of the calibration ocean current and waves on the reactor structure and position can be automatically adjusted, meanwhile, the nuclear power energy is zero in pollution and low in emission, the inherent safety of the molten salt reactor greatly reduces the limit risk of the device to the ocean environment, the miniaturization of long-term stable energy supply can be realized, and the nuclear power reactor is particularly suitable for the technical requirements of continuous operation of the deep sea space station under medium and high power.

2. According to the bromine salt cooling small-sized molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for the deep sea space station, due to the fact that the supporting and cushioning mechanical structure adopts a redundancy design, the inner layer design of the device can accommodate larger surplus impact load except the inherent no molten salt reactor accident characteristic of the molten salt reactor, and the working coefficient of the buffer spring on the inner layer and the outer layer within the designed working condition range is low; when the limit working condition of the inner-layer buffer device is reached, the system gives an alarm to automatically stop the pile, and at the moment, if the inner-layer metal hose fails and is broken, the outer-layer buffer spring is used for secondary protection. The system has the advantages of simple structure, high reliability, compact structure and no mutual impact interference among components, can effectively increase the working efficiency under the deep-sea low-temperature high-pressure high-impact environment, and is very suitable for being used as a supporting mechanism of the small molten salt reactor of the deep-sea space station.

3. According to the bromine salt cooling small-sized molten salt pile for providing nuclear power for the deep sea space station, the molten salt pipeline adopts a wide pipeline design, so that the flow velocity of a coolant is reduced, the integral average temperature and the outlet temperature of molten salt are increased, the low-temperature environment of deep sea is compensated, the requirement of special environment on material performance is relieved, and the integral design is optimized.

4. The invention provides a bromine salt cooling small-sized molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for a deep sea space station, which is improved in design of adding a protective layer and a wide pipeline in the aspect of a molten salt reactor main system, and is provided with a supporting and cushioning mechanical device. Compared with the traditional land molten salt reactor system, the system effectively meets the special requirements of the deep sea space station, can automatically adjust and correct the impact of ocean currents and waves on the reactor structure and the reactor position under the deep sea condition, has high overall reliability, compact structure, no mutual impact interference among parts and high efficiency, inherits the inherent advantages of a molten salt reactor, can realize the miniaturization of long-term stable energy supply, and is particularly suitable for the technical requirements of the deep sea space station on continuous operation under high power in a power device.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a bromine salt cooled small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power to a deep sea space station according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a support cushioning mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a main system design of a conventional land-based molten salt reactor in the prior art.

The system comprises a control rod 1, a shield 2, a main container 3, an anticorrosive coating 4, a heat insulating layer 5, a protective layer 6, a pump 7, a heat exchanger 8, a molten salt pipeline 9, a freezing plug 10, an emergency storage tank 11, fuel salt 12, a foundation 13, a hinge 14, a first anti-rotation pin 151, a first titanium alloy pipe 161, a first compensation ring 171, a first clamping sleeve type joint 181, an adjusting gasket 19, a flexible metal hose 20 and a buffer spring 21.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

The embodiment takes application to a deep sea space station as an example of power output, and provides a bromine salt cooled small molten salt reactor for providing nuclear power for the deep sea space station, and the structural diagram of the system is shown in fig. 1 and comprises three major parts, namely a molten salt reactor main container 3, a heat exchanger 8 and an external support structure. The fuel salt 12 is reacted and operated in the main container 3, three protective layers are arranged outside the main container 3, namely an anticorrosive layer 4, a heat insulating layer 5 and a protective layer 6 from inside to outside in sequence, and the bottom of the main container 3 is connected with a supporting cushioning mechanical device; the molten salt reactor core is arranged in a main container 3, a shield 2 is arranged at the top of the main container 3, and the shield 2 is designed into a funnel shape; the control rod 1 is inserted downwards from the top of the main container 3, and the exposed part is positioned in the shield 2; the lower part of the main container 3 is provided with a freezing plug 10 communicated with fuel salt 12, the freezing plug 10 is connected with an emergency storage tank 11, and one end of the molten salt pipeline 9 connected with the main container is provided with a pump 7.

Specifically, compared with the conventional molten salt reactor main system design shown in fig. 3, the molten salt reactor system in the present embodiment is additionally provided with a supporting and cushioning mechanical structure shown in fig. 2, the structure is composed of a first rotation preventing pin 151, a first titanium alloy pipe 161, a first compensation ring 171, a flexible metal hose 20, a second compensation ring 172, a second titanium alloy pipe 162, a second rotation preventing pin 152 and an adjusting gasket 19 in sequence from bottom to top, the first titanium alloy pipe 161 is connected with the foundation 13 by using a hinge 14, the flexible metal hose 20 is connected with the first titanium alloy pipe 161 by using a first ferrule type joint 181, the flexible metal hose 20 is connected with the second titanium alloy pipe 162 by using a second ferrule type joint 182, wherein the length of the flexible metal hose 20 is 1.2 to 1.5 times that of a single-section titanium alloy pipe; the supporting and cushioning mechanical device adopts a redundant design, a high-strength buffer spring 21 is arranged on the outer layer, the length of the inner layer device is the designed length of the buffer spring 21 when the system is in a normal working state, and the integral length of the inner layer device is 0.6 to 0.8 times smaller than the maximum length of the buffer spring 21 when the flexible metal hose 20 is in an extreme working condition; the three supporting and cushioning mechanical structures are arranged on the foundation 13 in a triangular mode and are located at the bottom of the main container 3.

Specifically, the coolant flow piping of the molten salt stack system employs wide piping to connect the cooling salt and the heat exchanger 8, as shown in fig. 3, compared to the existing conventional molten salt stack main system design. A flow pipe 9 is arranged in the heat exchanger 8, and cooling salt exchanges heat with the heat exchanger 8 in a convection way in the pipe 9; the molten salt flowing pipeline is a wide pipeline, the diameter of the pipeline is 0.5 m, and the height of the pipeline is 2.6 m. Wherein the nuclear fuel is dissolved in the coolant, the material of the nuclear fuel is uranium, and the material of the coolant is bromine salt (the molecular formula of the bromine salt is Al2Br 6).

The above description is only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the scope of the present invention, which is disclosed by the present invention, and the equivalent or change thereof belongs to the protection scope of the present invention.