阅读说明：本技术 一种电弧加热器的内壁气膜 (Inner wall air film of electric arc heater ) 是由 文鹏 刘雨翔 付健壮 杨汝森 陈海群 于 2020-12-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种电弧加热器的内壁气膜,包括用于通入冷气的电弧进气孔、集气环、若干切向冷气通道,所述集气环位于电弧加热器的内壁和外壁之间且与电弧加热器同轴；所述电弧进气孔径向设置在所述外壁上且和所述集气环连通；所述切向冷气通道沿所述内壁切向设置,且切向方向和电弧加热器旋转方向同向；所述切向冷气通道的一端和所述集气环连通、另一端电弧加热器内腔连通。本发明的电弧加热器的内壁气膜可以减轻电弧加热器烧损状况,延长电弧加热器的使用寿命,提高电弧加热器的运行效率。(The invention provides an inner wall air film of an electric arc heater, which comprises an electric arc air inlet hole for introducing cold air, an air collecting ring and a plurality of tangential cold air channels, wherein the air collecting ring is positioned between the inner wall and the outer wall of the electric arc heater and is coaxial with the electric arc heater; the arc air inlet is radially arranged on the outer wall and communicated with the gas collecting ring; the tangential cold air channel is tangentially arranged along the inner wall, and the tangential direction is the same as the rotating direction of the electric arc heater; one end of the tangential cold air channel is communicated with the gas collecting ring, and the other end of the tangential cold air channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the arc heater. The inner wall gas film of the electric arc heater can reduce the burning loss condition of the electric arc heater, prolong the service life of the electric arc heater and improve the operation efficiency of the electric arc heater.)

1. The inner wall air film of the electric arc heater is characterized by comprising an electric arc air inlet hole for introducing cold air, an air collecting ring and a plurality of tangential cold air channels, wherein the air collecting ring is positioned between the inner wall and the outer wall of the electric arc heater and is coaxial with the electric arc heater; the arc air inlet is radially arranged on the outer wall and communicated with the gas collecting ring; the tangential cold air channel is tangentially arranged along the inner wall, and the tangential direction is the same as the rotating direction of the electric arc heater; one end of the tangential cold air channel is communicated with the gas collecting ring, and the other end of the tangential cold air channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the electric arc heater.

2. The inner wall film of an arc heater according to claim 1, wherein the tangential cold air passages are uniformly arranged in a circumferential direction of the inner wall.

3. The inner wall air film of the arc heater of claim 2, wherein the tangential cold air passages are provided in a number of 4 or more.

4. The inner wall film for an arc heater according to claim 1, wherein said tangential cold gas channel is a laval nozzle.

5. The inner wall gas film of an arc heater according to claim 4, wherein the throat diameter of the Laval nozzle is less than or equal to 2 mm.

6. The inner wall air film of an arc heater as claimed in claim 5, wherein the number of the arc inlet holes includes one or more than one.

7. The inner wall air film of the arc heater as claimed in claim 6, wherein when the number of the arc inlet holes is more than one, the sum of the sectional areas of the arc inlet holes is equal to the sectional area of the gas collecting ring and is larger than the sum of the sectional areas of the throat.

8. The inner wall air film of the arc heater of claim 6, wherein when the number of the arc inlet holes is more than one, the arc inlet holes are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer wall.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of arc heaters, in particular to an inner wall air film of an arc heater.

Background

The electric arc heater is core equipment for the thermal protection ground simulation test research of aerospace craft at home and abroad, and is an important means for solving the thermal protection ground examination of high-supersonic speed aircrafts such as missiles, recoverable satellites, manned spacecraft reentry cabins and the like. With the progress of the technology, the maximum operation power of the arc heater is gradually increased, and the problems of self burning and service life of the arc heater are also highlighted.

At present, most types of arc heaters are cooled by high-pressure cooling water surrounding the outer side of the inner wall of the heater and matching the inner wall surface made of red copper material. The heat accumulated by the heater is quickly conducted to cooling water by means of the high thermal conductivity of the red copper, so that the heater structure is prevented from being subjected to too heavy ablation. However, the cooling method causes the inner wall surface of the heater to be in direct contact with high-temperature gas, so that burning loss is generated certainly, the service life of the heater is influenced, the high-temperature gas is polluted by the ablation product of the inner wall material, and the working efficiency of the arc heater is reduced by the heat taken away by cooling water. In addition, the electrode adopts an inner and outer sleeve type structure, a cooling water channel is arranged between the red copper inner sleeve and the heater outer sleeve, and a rubber sealing ring is adopted to seal high-pressure cooling water. The structure enables the processing period of the electrode to be longer, the installation process to be complex, and the rubber sealing ring is easy to carbonize and lose efficacy in an internal high-temperature environment, so that the structure becomes a weak link in the operation process of the electric arc heater.

In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to an inner wall gas film of an arc heater to solve the above-mentioned problems in the related art.

In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides an inner wall air film of an electric arc heater, which is characterized by comprising an electric arc air inlet hole for introducing cold air, an air collecting ring and a plurality of tangential cold air channels, wherein the air collecting ring is positioned between the inner wall and the outer wall of the electric arc heater and is coaxial with the electric arc heater; the arc air inlet is radially arranged on the outer wall and communicated with the gas collecting ring; the tangential cold air channel is tangentially arranged along the inner wall, and the tangential direction is the same as the rotating direction of the electric arc heater; one end of the tangential cold air channel is communicated with the gas collecting ring, and the other end of the tangential cold air channel is communicated with the inner cavity of the electric arc heater.

Further, the tangential cold air channels are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall.

Further, the number of the tangential cold air channels is more than or equal to 4.

Further, the tangential cold air channel is a laval nozzle.

Furthermore, the diameter of the throat of the Laval nozzle is less than or equal to 2 mm.

Further, the number of the arc air inlet holes comprises one or more than one.

Furthermore, when the number of the arc air inlet holes is more than one, the sum of the sectional areas of the arc air inlet holes is equal to the sectional area of the gas collecting ring and is larger than the sum of the sectional areas of the throat.

Furthermore, when the number of the arc air inlets is more than one, the arc air inlets are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer wall.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the burning loss condition of the electric arc heater is reduced, and the service life of the electric arc heater is prolonged;

2) the operation efficiency of the arc heater is improved;

3) reduce the metal vapor impurity in the gas in the electric arc heater, improve the gas purity.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an inner wall air film of an arc heater according to the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the inner wall air film of the arc heater according to the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-an arc heater; 1010-arc inlet holes;

20-a gas collecting ring; 3010-tangential cold air channel;

10-outer wall; 30-inner wall;

4-annular cold air film.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", and the like, indicate orientations and positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are used only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be considered as limiting the present invention.

Furthermore, the terms "first", "second" and "first" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, features defined as "first", "second", may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the described features. In the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless specifically defined otherwise. Furthermore, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may, for example, be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

Referring to fig. 1-2, the inner wall air film of the arc heater provided by the present invention includes an arc air inlet 1010 for introducing cold air, a gas collecting ring 20, and a plurality of tangential cold air channels 3010, wherein the gas collecting ring 20 is located between the inner wall 30 and the outer wall 10 of the arc heater 1 and is coaxial with the arc heater 1; the arc air inlet holes 1010 are radially arranged on the outer wall 10 and are communicated with the air collecting ring 20; the tangential cold air channel 3010 is arranged tangentially along the inner wall 30, and the tangential direction is the same as the rotating direction of the arc heater 1; one end of the tangential cold air channel 3010 is communicated with the air collecting ring 20, and the other end is communicated with the inner cavity of the arc heater 1. Cold air enters the air collecting ring 20 from the arc air inlet 1010 and then enters the inner cavity of the arc heater 1 through the tangential cold air channel 3010, and an annular cold air film 4 is formed along the wall surface of the inner cavity of the arc heater 1, and the annular cold air film 4 reduces heat transfer between high-temperature working gas and the arc heater, reduces heat loss on the structure of the arc heater, and further improves the operation efficiency of the arc heater. According to the field requirement, a plurality of inner wall gas films can be arranged in parallel along the axial direction of the electric arc heater and then can form a continuous cold gas film on the inner cavity wall surface of the electric arc heater, high-temperature gas can be wrapped in the inner wall gas films, so that the high-temperature gas is not directly contacted with the inner cavity wall surface of the electric arc heater, the temperature of the inner wall of the heater is reduced, the burning loss condition of the inner wall of the heater is lightened, the service life of the electric arc heater is prolonged, metal vapor impurities in the gas in the electric arc heater are reduced, and the gas purity is improved.

Specifically, the tangential cold air channels 3010 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the inner wall 30, and the number of the tangential cold air channels 3010 is greater than or equal to 4, so that the annular cold air film 4 can have sufficient continuity and uniformity, and in this embodiment, the number of the tangential cold air channels 3010 is 8. Preferably, the tangential cold air channel 3010 is a laval nozzle, and the throat diameter of the laval nozzle is less than or equal to 2mm, so as to ensure that the annular cold air film 4 has sufficient strength and reduce the ratio of the annular cold air film to the working gas in the arc heater.

In addition, the number of the arc air inlets 1010 may be one or more, when the number of the arc air inlets 1010 is more than one, the sum of the sectional areas of the arc air inlets 1010 is equal to the sectional area of the gas collecting ring 20 and is larger than the sum of the sectional areas of the throat to ensure that an effective sound velocity section is formed at the tangential cold air channel 3010, and in addition, when the number of the arc air inlets 1010 is more than one, the arc air inlets 1010 are uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the outer wall 10 to ensure that the cold air in the gas collecting ring 20 is uniformly distributed.

On the basis of the scheme, the cold air is preferably high-pressure cold air, and the composition of the high-pressure cold air is the same as that of the working gas in the arc heater 1, so that the working gas in the arc heater 1 is ensured not to be doped with impurities.

The operation and principle of the arc heater of the present invention is briefly explained as follows:

when the gas-liquid separator works, the working gas in the inner cavity of the arc heater 1 is heated by the arc heater 1 to become high-temperature gas, and has the speed along the axial direction and the rotating speed around the central axis at the same time, the high-pressure cold gas continuously enters the gas collecting ring 20 from the arc gas inlet 1010 and enters the inner cavity of the arc heater 1 through the tangential cold gas channel 3010, an annular cold gas film 4 is formed on the wall surface of the inner cavity of the arc heater 1, the annular cold gas film 4 wraps the high-temperature gas in the annular cold gas film, so that the high-temperature gas is not directly contacted with the inner wall 30 of the arc heater 1, the temperature of the inner wall 30 of the arc heater 1 is reduced, the burning loss condition of the inner wall 30 is reduced, the service life of the arc heater 1 is prolonged, metal vapor impurities in the gas in the arc heater 1 are reduced, the gas purity is improved, and the heat transfer between the high-temperature, the heat loss on the structure of the arc heater 1 is reduced, and the operation efficiency of the arc heater 1 is further improved.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.