阅读说明：本技术 水葫芦治理方法 (Water hyacinth treatment method ) 是由 周鹤斌 刘上月 吴文斌 彭波 张劼 夏小明 张芳 李开权 黄丽娟 江海 凌源 于 2020-12-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种水葫芦治理方法,涉及环境治理技术领域,该方法是在温度较高的月份治理水葫芦,将水葫芦归拢围合成堆形成水葫芦归堆区,向水葫芦归堆区域喷洒饱和盐水,用塑料膜覆盖水葫芦归堆区直至水葫芦的叶、茎变黄腐坏；掀去塑料膜,使腐坏的水葫芦暴露在高温环境中一周,水葫芦在水面以上的部分脱水枯萎后,打捞枯萎的水葫芦。本发明解决了现有水葫芦治理方法无法有效地控制水葫芦的生长、繁殖,影响生态环境的问题。(The invention discloses a water hyacinth treatment method, which relates to the technical field of environmental treatment, and comprises the steps of treating water hyacinth in a month with higher temperature, gathering the water hyacinth to form a water hyacinth stacking area, spraying saturated saline water to the water hyacinth stacking area, and covering the water hyacinth stacking area by a plastic film until leaves and stems of the water hyacinth become yellow and rotten; and lifting the plastic film to expose the rotten water hyacinth in a high-temperature environment for a week, dehydrating and withering the part of the water hyacinth above the water surface, and fishing the withered water hyacinth. The invention solves the problems that the existing water hyacinth control method can not effectively control the growth and the propagation of the water hyacinth and influences the ecological environment.)

1. A water hyacinth treatment method is characterized in that: treating the water hyacinth in a month with higher temperature, gathering the water hyacinth to form a water hyacinth stacking area, spraying saturated saline water to the water hyacinth stacking area, and covering the water hyacinth stacking area with a plastic film until leaves and stems of the water hyacinth become yellow and rotten; and lifting the plastic film to expose the rotten water hyacinth in a high-temperature environment for a week, dehydrating and withering the part of the water hyacinth above the water surface, and fishing the withered water hyacinth.

2. The water hyacinth governing method according to claim 1, wherein: the water hyacinth is treated before the water hyacinth blooms in 7-9 months.

3. The water hyacinth governing method according to claim 2, wherein: the plastic film is a colored plastic film.

4. The water hyacinth governing method according to claim 3, wherein: the colored plastic film is one of black, brown and green plastic films.

5. The water hyacinth governing method according to claim 4, wherein: the stacking density of the water hyacinth stacking area is 2-3 times of the density of the water hyacinth in a natural growth state.

6. The water hyacinth governing method of claim 5, wherein: the water hyacinth is piled in a rectangular area by using wood strips, bamboo strips or PVC pipes.

7. The water hyacinth governing method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the saturated saline water is prepared from one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of environmental management, in particular to a water hyacinth management method.

Background

The water hyacinth is one of malignant foreign species invading the areas of south China, east China, southwest China and the like, is rapidly propagated, competes with local aquatic plants for light, moisture, nutrition and growth space, influences the diversity of aquatic organisms, blocks a river channel and a canal, influences agricultural irrigation and water traffic, and indirectly influences economy.

In order to reduce the influence of the water hyacinth on the aquatic environment, the principle of prevention as a main part and comprehensive control is adopted, the propagation of the water hyacinth is effectively controlled at lower cost, and the harm of the water hyacinth is controlled below an acceptable level. At present, three control technologies of physics, chemistry and biology are mainly adopted, wherein the physical control technology mainly comprises manual and mechanical salvaging, interception and obstruction and the like, when biomass and invasion area are small in the early stage of water hyacinth invasion, manual or mechanical salvaging is adopted, so that the method is an effective control method, when the water hyacinth is large in area, the physical control is difficult to effectively clear residual plants and seeds of the water hyacinth, the periodical outbreak growth of the water hyacinth is caused, annual control is needed, and the effect cannot be lasting; the chemical prevention and control technology mainly utilizes herbicides meeting requirements and the like to be sprayed on water hyacinth to achieve the purpose of treatment, and the chemical herbicides and the like are limited or forbidden to be used in reservoirs, drinking water source areas, lakes and riverways due to the risk of polluting water sources; the biological control technology mainly aims to utilize natural enemies and fungi of the water hyacinth to eat or parasitize the water hyacinth, or utilize some plant-derived growth regulators or competitive plants to carry out plant substitution control, and finally achieve the purpose of inhibiting the growth of the water hyacinth. The biological treatment technology has a long implementation period, the effect is difficult to embody in a short time, and other environmental or ecological problems may be caused due to improper selection and control. The invention patent (CN 105053035A) relates to a slow-release water hyacinth growth regulator and a preparation method thereof, the regulator is filled in a water-permeable non-woven fabric bag, the treatment period is more than 20 days, and the growth regulator can effectively inhibit the growth and the propagation of water hyacinth under the condition of not killing the water hyacinth by generating an inhibiting effect on the growth of the water hyacinth root system. The method is difficult to be effectively applied in an open basin because the slow-release regulating agent is placed in a water body and acts on the root system of the water hyacinth.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a water hyacinth treatment method, which can solve the problem that the growth and propagation of water hyacinth cannot be effectively controlled by the existing water hyacinth treatment method, and the ecological environment is influenced.

In order to solve the problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: the water hyacinth treatment method comprises the steps of treating the water hyacinth in a month with higher temperature, gathering the water hyacinth, enclosing the water hyacinth into a combined stack to form a water hyacinth stacking area, spraying saturated saline water to the water hyacinth stacking area, and covering the water hyacinth stacking area with a plastic film until leaves and stems of the water hyacinth are yellow and rotten; and lifting the plastic film to expose the rotten water hyacinth in a high-temperature environment for a week, dehydrating and withering the part of the water hyacinth above the water surface, and fishing the withered water hyacinth.

In the technical scheme of the water hyacinth treatment method, a more specific technical scheme can also be as follows: the water hyacinth is treated before the water hyacinth blooms in 7-9 months.

Further, the plastic film is a colored plastic film.

Further, the colored plastic film is one of a black, brown and green plastic film.

Furthermore, the stacking density of the water hyacinth stacking area is 2-3 times of the density of the water hyacinth in a natural growth state.

Further, the water hyacinth is piled in a rectangular area by using wood strips, bamboo strips or PVC pipes.

Further, the preparation raw material of the saturated brine is one of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. in high-temperature months, saturated saline water is used as a dehydrating agent, and the adaptive environment of the water hyacinth is destroyed by combining film covering treatment, so that the growth and the propagation of the water hyacinth can be effectively controlled, and the influence of the water hyacinth on the ecological environment is reduced; in a treatment period of 30-60 days, the lethality of the water hyacinth exceeds 95%, the salvage amount is reduced by more than 50%, and meanwhile, the method has the advantages of easily obtained materials, simplicity in operation, obvious effect, low cost and no secondary pollution of used reagents to the environment.

2. The water hyacinth is treated before 7-9 months of blooming, so that the situation that after the water hyacinth blooms, the stems of the water hyacinth bend to the water to enable the ovaries to grow and expand in the water to finish one-time propagation can be avoided, and the growth and propagation of the water hyacinth can be controlled.

3. The plastic film is black, brown and green colored plastic film, has poor light transmittance, can inhibit the photosynthesis of the water hyacinth, particularly has good heat absorption property, and is easier to form a high-temperature and high-humidity treatment environment under the film.

4. The stacking density is 2-3 times of that of the water hyacinth in a natural growth state, the using amount of saturated saline water and a plastic film can be reduced, a high-temperature and high-humidity treatment environment can be easily manufactured after film coating, the growth and the propagation of the water hyacinth are inhibited, and the death time of the water hyacinth is shortened.

Detailed Description

The water hyacinth treatment method comprises the steps of selecting summer and autumn with higher temperature to treat water hyacinth, preferably before the water hyacinth blooms within 7-9 months, gathering the water hyacinth into a pile by using end-to-end strip-shaped or tubular bodies, improving the stacking density, spraying saturated saline water on a water hyacinth piling area, and covering the water hyacinth piling area with a plastic film with good heat absorptivity.

The invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following examples:

example 1

The water hyacinth treatment method comprises the following steps:

(1) before the water hyacinth blooms in 7 months and at a higher temperature period, the water hyacinth begins to be treated, wood bars are used for gathering the water hyacinth in a water hyacinth growing area in an end-to-end mode to form a rectangular water hyacinth stacking area with the length and width of 4m and 1m respectively, and the plant density of the water hyacinth stacking area is 2 times of that of a normal growing state;

(2) 2 kilograms of saturated saline water prepared by potassium chloride is uniformly sprayed to the water hyacinth piling area;

(3) covering the water hyacinth which is sprayed with saturated salt water in a stacking area by using a green plastic film, wherein the plastic film is used for isolating sunlight and manufacturing a continuous high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and after 23 days of film covering, the leaves and stems of the water hyacinth are yellow and rotten, and the lethality rate of the water hyacinth reaches 95%;

(4) and lifting the covered plastic film to expose the rotten water hyacinth in a high-temperature environment for a week, and dehydrating and withering the part of the water hyacinth above the water surface to reduce the weight by 50%.

After the treatment is completed, the rotten and withered water hyacinth can be salvaged or treated in other modes subsequently.

Example 2

The water hyacinth treatment method comprises the following steps:

(1) before 8 months of water hyacinth blossoming, beginning to treat at a higher temperature period, using bamboo strips to gather the water hyacinth in a water hyacinth growing area to form a rectangular water hyacinth stacking area with the length and width of 4m and 1m respectively in an end-to-end mode, wherein the plant density of the water hyacinth stacking area is 2.5 times of that of a normal growing state;

(2) 2.5 kilograms of saturated saline water prepared by potassium chloride is uniformly sprayed to the water hyacinth piling area;

(3) covering a water hyacinth stacking area sprayed with saturated salt water with a brown plastic film, wherein the plastic film is used for isolating sunlight and manufacturing a continuous high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and after 40 days of film covering, leaves and stems of the water hyacinth become yellow and rotten, and the lethality rate of the water hyacinth reaches 97%;

(4) and lifting the covered plastic film to expose the rotten water hyacinth in a high-temperature environment for a week, and dehydrating and withering the part of the water hyacinth above the water surface to reduce the weight by 55 percent.

After the treatment is completed, the rotten and withered water hyacinth can be salvaged or treated in other modes subsequently.

Example 3

(1) Before 8 months of water hyacinth blossoming, beginning to treat at a higher temperature period, closing the water hyacinth in a water hyacinth growing area into a rectangular water hyacinth stacking area with the length and width of 4m and 1m respectively by using PVC pipes in an end-to-end mode, wherein the plant density of the water hyacinth stacking area is 3 times of that of the water hyacinth in a normal growing state;

(2) uniformly spraying 3 kilograms of saturated saline water prepared by magnesium chloride to the water hyacinth stacking area;

(3) covering the water hyacinth stacking area sprayed with saturated salt water with a black plastic film, wherein the plastic film is used for isolating sunlight and manufacturing a continuous high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and after 50 days of film covering, the leaves and stems of the water hyacinth become yellow and rotten, and the lethality rate of the water hyacinth reaches 98%;

(4) and lifting the covered plastic film to expose the rotten water hyacinth in a high-temperature environment for a week, and dehydrating and withering the part of the water hyacinth above the water surface to reduce the weight by 60 percent.

After the treatment is completed, the rotten and withered water hyacinth can be salvaged or treated in other modes subsequently.

Example 4

(1) Before 9 months of water hyacinth blossoming, beginning to treat at a higher temperature period, closing the water hyacinth in a water hyacinth growing area into a rectangular water hyacinth stacking area with the length and width of 4m and 1m respectively by using PVC pipes in an end-to-end mode, wherein the plant density of the water hyacinth stacking area is 3 times of that of the water hyacinth in a normal growing state;

(2) uniformly spraying 3 kilograms of saturated saline water prepared by sodium chloride to the water hyacinth stacking area;

(3) covering the water hyacinth stacking area sprayed with saturated salt water with a black plastic film, wherein the plastic film is used for isolating sunlight and manufacturing a continuous high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and after 53 days of film covering, the leaves and stems of the water hyacinth become yellow and rotten, and the lethality rate of the water hyacinth is more than 98%;

(4) and lifting the covered plastic film to expose the rotten water hyacinth in a high-temperature environment for a week, and dehydrating and withering the part of the water hyacinth above the water surface to reduce the weight by 60 percent.

After the treatment is completed, the rotten and withered water hyacinth can be salvaged or treated in other modes subsequently. .