阅读说明：本技术 一种基于阻抗测量原理的结冰探测器 (Icing detector based on impedance measurement principle ) 是由 杜富强 徐弘炜 邓青山 徐业博 于 2020-12-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种基于阻抗测量原理的结冰探测器,阻抗式结冰探测器由阻抗电极和温度传感器组成,用来探测冰层厚度,并将冰层厚度信息及温度信息转化为电信号提供给上位机,上位机解算其送来的温度信号和结冰信号,判断是否处于结冰环境下,阻抗式结冰探测器能粘合到飞行器机翼前沿,其表面阻抗电极和冰直接接触,能安装于机翼外表面的任何位置,提高了结冰探测器对各种不同机型的适应性,针对目前迅速发展的无人机和直升机,阻抗式结冰探测器不仅具有体积小,重量轻的优势,更具备了普通结冰传感器没有的隐身性。(The invention relates to an icing detector based on an impedance measurement principle, which consists of an impedance electrode and a temperature sensor and is used for detecting the thickness of an ice layer and converting the thickness information and the temperature information of the ice layer into electric signals to be provided to an upper computer, the upper computer calculates the temperature signal and the icing signal sent by the upper computer and judges whether the upper computer is in an icing environment, the impedance icing detector can be adhered to the front edge of an aircraft wing, the surface impedance electrode of the impedance icing detector is directly contacted with ice and can be arranged at any position on the outer surface of the wing, the adaptability of the icing detector to different types of aircrafts is improved, and aiming at the existing rapidly-developed unmanned aerial vehicles and helicopters, the impedance icing detector not only has the advantages of small volume and light weight, but also has the invisibility of a common icing sensor.)

1. An icing detector based on impedance measurement, characterized by: the temperature sensor comprises impedance electrodes (1-1), temperature sensors (1-2), a supporting shell (1-3) and a socket (1-4), wherein the number of the impedance electrodes (1-1) is even, the impedance electrodes (1-1) are separately arranged on the surface of the supporting shell (1-3), the temperature sensors (1-2) are arranged on the surface of the supporting shell (1-3), and the impedance electrodes (1-1) are connected with the socket (1-4).

2. An impedance measurement based icing detector according to claim 1, wherein: the support shell (1-3) is of an arc-shaped structure, the arc-shaped structure comprises an inner concave surface and an outer convex surface, and the shape of the inner concave surface is matched with that of the leading edge of the airplane wing.

3. An impedance measurement based icing detector according to claim 1, wherein: the number of the impedance electrodes (1-1) is 2, the two impedance electrodes (1-1) are connected with an upper computer through cables and sockets (1-4) to form a closed loop, the impedance electrodes (1-1) provide impedance signals for the upper computer, and the upper computer provides excitation signals for the impedance electrodes (1-1).

4. An impedance measurement based icing detector according to claim 2, wherein: the outer convex surface is provided with a temperature sensor (1-2) and an impedance electrode (1-1).

5. An impedance measurement based icing detector according to claim 4, wherein: the temperature sensor (1-2) and the impedance electrode (1-1) are bonded on the outer convex surface through a high-temperature adhesive.

6. An impedance measurement based icing detector according to claim 1, wherein: the temperature sensor (1-2) is also connected with an upper computer, the upper computer provides voltage signals for the temperature sensor (1-2), and the temperature sensor (1-2) continuously outputs temperature signals to the icing detection control box in real time.

7. An impedance measurement based icing detector according to claim 1, wherein: the impedance electrode (1-1) is supported by inert metal platinum material.

8. An impedance measurement based icing detector according to claim 1, wherein: the support shells (1-3) are made of composite materials compatible with airplane wings.

9. An impedance measurement based icing detector according to claim 3, wherein: the excitation signal is an alternating voltage.

10. An impedance measurement based icing detector according to claim 3, wherein: the length of the cable is not more than 5m, so that the attenuation of impedance signals can be reduced.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ice prevention and deicing, and relates to an icing detector based on an impedance measurement principle.

Background

The icing detector is used as special detection and alarm equipment for detecting whether the surface of the airplane is iced when the airplane flies under the icing meteorological condition. The old icing detection device is embedded into the aircraft skin and exposes the probe to carry out icing detection, the mounting position is fixed, the defect of heavy weight exists, the exposed probe is made of functional materials, the anti-interference capability is poor, and the materials are easy to damage. And can not meet the stealth requirement of part of the current airplanes.

In order to meet the high requirement of stealth of the aircraft icing detector, the aircraft icing detector is optimally designed on the traditional icing detection device. An impedance type icing sensor is designed and developed by adopting an impedance measurement principle.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is: the icing detector based on the impedance measurement principle has the function of detecting the icing condition on the surface of the skin of the airplane, meets the requirements of the new generation of airplane on the volume, the weight and the stealth of the sensor, generates an effective front-edge rotating icing detection area through the electrodes which are arranged on the surface of the wing in parallel, and can detect icing in a larger range.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

an icing detector based on impedance measurement comprises impedance electrodes (1-1), temperature sensors (1-2), a supporting shell (1-3) and a socket (1-4), wherein the number of the impedance electrodes (1-1) is even, the impedance electrodes (1-1) are separately arranged on the surface of the supporting shell (1-3), the temperature sensors (1-2) are arranged on the surface of the supporting shell (1-3), and the impedance electrodes (1-1) are connected with the socket (1-4).

Furthermore, the support shell (1-3) is of an arc-shaped structure, the arc-shaped structure comprises an inner concave surface and an outer convex surface, and the shape of the inner concave surface is matched with that of the leading edge of the airplane wing.

Furthermore, the number of the impedance electrodes (1-1) is 2, the two impedance electrodes (1-1) are connected with an upper computer through cables and sockets (1-4) to form a closed loop, the impedance electrodes (1-1) provide impedance signals for the upper computer, and the upper computer provides excitation signals for the impedance electrodes (1-1).

Furthermore, a temperature sensor (1-2) and an impedance electrode (1-1) are arranged on the outer convex surface.

Further, the temperature sensor (1-2) and the impedance electrode (1-1) are bonded on the outer convex surface through a high-temperature adhesive.

Furthermore, the temperature sensor (1-2) is also connected with an upper computer, the upper computer provides a voltage signal for the temperature sensor (1-2), and the temperature sensor (1-2) continuously outputs a temperature signal to the icing detection control box in real time.

Further, the impedance electrode (1-1) is supported by an inert metal platinum material.

Furthermore, the support shells (1-3) are made of composite materials compatible with airplane wings.

Further, the excitation signal is an alternating voltage.

Furthermore, the length of the cable does not exceed 5m, and the attenuation of impedance signals can be reduced.

The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:

the resistive icing sensor can be bonded to the leading edge of the aircraft wing with its internal resistive electrode in direct contact with the ice. The icing sensor can be arranged at any position of the outer surface of the wing, provides wide-area icing detection capability, can detect icing at different attack angles, and improves the adaptability of the icing sensor to different types of machines.

The impedance type icing sensor consists of an impedance electrode and a temperature sensor, has a simpler structure, and meets the requirements of the new generation of airplanes on the volume, the weight and the weight of the sensor.

The structural design of an exposed probe of an old icing detection device is broken through, the icing detection device is not required to be embedded into the wing during installation, the installation position is variable, and the icing detection device is adhered to the surface of the wing by using a high-temperature adhesive, so that the requirement of high stealth performance of part of airplanes is met.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an equivalent circuit model of an impedance icing sensor;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a resistivity ice formation sensor;

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram of a resistivity icing sensor.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, an icing detector based on impedance measurement comprises impedance electrodes 1-1, temperature sensors 1-2, a supporting shell 1-3 and a socket 1-4, wherein the number of the impedance electrodes 1-1 is even, the impedance electrodes are arranged on the surface of the supporting shell 1-3, the temperature sensors 1-2 are arranged on the surface of the supporting shell 1-3, and the impedance electrodes 1-1 are connected with the socket 1-4. The icing detector has a simple structure and comprehensive performance, and can not only detect icing but also measure temperature.

The impedance type icing sensor comprises two impedance electrodes 1-1, a temperature sensor 1-2(RTD), a connector tail accessory and a supporting material. The impedance type icing sensor 1-2 receives the voltage signal and continuously outputs an impedance signal and a temperature signal to the icing detection control box in real time. When ice is deposited on the impedance electrode 1-1, the impedance changes, thereby performing an icing detection function.

The impedance electrode 1-1 is a core component of the icing detector, and has the characteristics of difficult polarization, small impedance and long service life, so that inert metal platinum is generally used as a material for manufacturing the electrode. Platinum is an inert noble metal that is commonly used as an electron conductor for certain electrodes and does not itself participate in the electrode reaction.

The temperature sensor 1-2 plays a role in assisting in judging the icing environment, and because the conductivity of water is higher than that of ice, the electrode is easier to conduct under the action of alternating voltage, and at the moment, the temperature sensor 1-2 is needed to detect a temperature signal and judge whether the temperature is lower than 0 ℃ or not so as to provide correct icing environment information for icing signal analysis and system diagnosis.

Further, the support shell 1-3 be the arc structure, the arc structure include concave surface and evagination, concave surface and aircraft wing leading edge shape looks adaptation, the arc structural design can let the perfect laminating of detector that freezes to the wing surface, effectively freeze the stealthy nature that promotes the detector.

Furthermore, the number of the impedance electrodes 1-1 is 2, the two impedance electrodes 1-1 are connected with an upper computer through cables and sockets 1-4 to form a closed loop, the impedance electrodes 1-1 provide impedance signals for the upper computer, and the upper computer provides excitation signals for the impedance electrodes 1-1. The even number of the impedance electrodes 1-1 can not only form a closed loop, but also avoid the condition that a single impedance electrode is interfered, and greatly improve the anti-interference capability of the product.

Furthermore, a temperature sensor 1-2 and an impedance electrode 1-1 are arranged on the outer convex surface.

Furthermore, the temperature sensor 1-2 and the impedance electrode 1-1 are adhered to the outer convex surface through high-temperature adhesive, and compared with the traditional mechanical installation mode, the high-temperature adhesive is fixed, the installation position is not fixed, and the optimal installation mode can be selected according to actual conditions.

Further, the temperature sensor 1-2 also is connected with an upper computer, the upper computer provides voltage signals for the temperature sensor, and the temperature sensor 1-2 continuously outputs temperature signals to the icing detection control box in real time. The temperature sensor 1-1 can reduce interference of rain and can perform atmospheric temperature measurement.

Further, the impedance electrode 1-1 is supported by an inert metal platinum material. The platinum metal should not be easily polarized, have low impedance and have long service life.

Further, the support shells 1-3 are made of composite materials compatible with airplane wings. The condition that corrosion easily occurs when dissimilar metals are contacted can be effectively avoided.

Furthermore, the excitation signal is alternating voltage, and the alternating current can effectively avoid polarization effect on the impedance electrode, so that the measurement precision is not interfered.

Furthermore, the length of the cable does not exceed 5m, and the attenuation of impedance signals can be reduced.

When ice is accumulated on the impedance electrode 1-1, the impedance of the impedance electrode 1-1 is correspondingly reduced, and the upper computer judges whether the impedance icing detector is in an icing state according to a signal sent to the temperature sensor 1-2 and the impedance of the impedance electrode 1-1. Impedance measurements are measurements of the ratio of the sinusoidal voltage U applied to the system circuits or components and the current I flowing through them, and are among the basic parameters of telecommunications.

When ice adheres to the surface of a body, its electrical properties may vary depending on the substance in the middle of the ice, such as in air or water. An installed electrode, the electrical characteristics of which are abnormally active due to the application of an alternating voltage. From an electronic point of view, this is called the composite impedance, and as the thickness of ice increases, he will cause the adjacent electrodes to change. This change serves to convey the presence of ice. When ice covers the surface of the ice sensor, the impedance changes due to the presence of ice, and the upper level perceives this change in electrical impedance, which when a corresponding signal is detected, indicates the presence of ice.

The rainwater has similar electrical characteristics, so that the small-area raindrops can eliminate interference through a negative feedback regulating circuit in the upper computer, but when the surface of the icing sensor is completely covered by the rainwater, the electrodes are more easily conducted under the action of alternating voltage because the conductivity of water is higher than that of ice, and at the moment, the temperature sensor is required to detect a temperature signal, judge whether the temperature is lower than 0 ℃ or not, so as to provide correct icing environment information for icing signal analysis and system diagnosis.

When an electrode is used for impedance measurement, a relatively complex electrochemical reaction occurs, when direct current is applied to the electrode, an oxidation-reduction reaction occurs on the electrode, an electrolysis product is generated, a polarization effect occurs, and the polarization effect generated by the electrode seriously influences the measurement accuracy, so that the impedance measurement is generally performed by using alternating current, and when the alternating current is applied, an electric double layer capacitor C is formed on the electrode_DLThe electrode lead will generate the electrode lead capacitance C_P. Assuming that the resistance value of ice between the electrodes is R, the ice layer on the electrodes forms an RLC load, and an equivalent circuit model of an icing detection system formed by the electrodes and the ice layer is shown in fig. 1.

Assuming that the angular frequency of the alternating current applied to the electrodes is W, the impedance of this equivalent circuit model is:

because the conductivity of the ice layer is low, the current flowing on the surface of the sensor is very small, and the influence of interelectrode capacitance, wire impedance and the like is greatly reduced. The magnitude of the AC voltage is known, and the resistance of the ice layer can be obtained by measuring the obtained AC currentanti-Z is U/I.