阅读说明：本技术 一种测量粮堆湿球温度方法和预测昆虫生长速率方法 (Method for measuring wet bulb temperature of grain pile and method for predicting insect growth rate ) 是由 李兴军 段义三 马建勇 陶利思 闫恩峰 冯吉东 丁进 刘俊明 秦文 于 2020-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明的一个实施例公开一种测量粮堆湿球温度方法和预测昆虫生长速率方法,包括：S10、根据粮堆某位点测温电缆测定的干球温度和扦样测定的粮食含水率获得该位点空气的相对湿度和该位点空气的含湿量；S20、根据饱和空气含湿量是湿球温度的函数,采用牛顿拉弗逊迭代法获得空气的湿球温度。本发明所述技术方案在我国粮食平衡水分测定及应用研究基础上,深入计算粮堆湿球温度,可准确预测一定仓型某种粮堆在一定位点的空气湿球温度,对储粮害虫生长速率和群体数量提出预测,对判断储粮昆虫是否生长繁殖、熏蒸作业提供决策,以使得有效管理预防谷物粮堆主要储粮昆虫,减少熏蒸作用,实现优粮优储的目标。(One embodiment of the invention discloses a method for measuring the wet bulb temperature of a grain pile and a method for predicting the growth rate of insects, which comprises the following steps: s10, obtaining the relative humidity of the air at a certain position and the moisture content of the air at the position according to the dry bulb temperature measured by the temperature measuring cable at the position of the grain pile and the grain moisture content measured by the sampling; and S20, obtaining the wet bulb temperature of the air by adopting a Newton-Raphson iteration method according to the fact that the moisture content of the saturated air is a function of the wet bulb temperature. The technical scheme of the invention deeply calculates the wet bulb temperature of the grain stack on the basis of the grain balance moisture determination and application research in China, can accurately predict the air wet bulb temperature of certain grain stack at a certain position in a certain warehouse, provides prediction on the growth rate and population quantity of grain storage pests, and provides decision for judging whether grain storage insects grow, reproduce and fumigate, so that the main grain storage insects of the grain stack can be effectively managed and prevented, the fumigation effect is reduced, and the goal of optimizing grain and storing is realized.)

1. A method for measuring the wet bulb temperature of a grain pile is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s10, obtaining the relative humidity of the air at a certain position and the moisture content of the air at the position according to the dry bulb temperature measured by the temperature measuring cable at the position of the grain pile and the grain moisture content measured by the sampling;

and S20, obtaining the wet bulb temperature of the air by adopting a Newton-Raphson iteration method according to the fact that the moisture content of the saturated air is a function of the wet bulb temperature.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the relative humidity of the air at the site is:

wherein rh is relative humidity of grain air, and the unit is%, M is grain moisture, and the unit is% wet basis, T is grain dry bulb temperature, and the unit is deg.C, and a, b and c are coefficients of measured grain equilibrium moisture equation correction Chung-Ppost.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the values of a, b, and c are related to the type of grain in the grain bulk, wherein,

when the grain is japonica rice, a is 564.019, b is 63.041, and c is 0.219;

when the grain is indica rice, a is 635.689, b is 57.149, and c is 0.231;

when the grain is glutinous rice, a is 669.551, b is 68.175, and c is 0.233;

when the grain is rice, a is 627.769, b is 60.407, and c is 0.229;

when the grain is red wheat, a is 644.263, b is 74.867, and c is 0.215;

when the grain is white wheat, a is 602.627, b is 69.642, and c is 0.214;

when the grain is wheat, a is 622.365, b is 72.117, and c is 0.214;

when the grain is yellow corn, a is 537.712, b is 54.817, and c is 0.221;

when the grain is white corn, a is 493.398, b is 56.827, and c is 0.227;

when the grain is corn, a is 526.086, b is 55.239 and c is 0.223.

4. A method according to claim 2, wherein the site has an air moisture content of:

wherein w is the moisture content of the air in the grain gaps, and the unit is kg/kg, p_atmIs 101325Pa, p_sIs the saturated water vapor pressure of the dry grain ball at the temperature T, and the unit is Pa, and specifically comprises the following steps:

5. the method of claim 4, wherein the grain gap air wet bulb temperature model is:

w＝w_w-(4.042×10^-4+5.816×10^-7w_w)(T-T_w) (3)

wherein, T_wThe temperature of grain clearance air wet bulb is measured in unit; w is a_wIs the wet bulb temperature T_wThe moisture content of the lower saturated air is kg/kg; p is a radical of_swFor wet bulb temperature T of grain_wThe saturated vapor pressure of the water is expressed by Pa, and specifically comprises the following steps:

6. a method according to claim 5, characterized in that the saturated air has a moisture content w_wIs the wet bulb temperature T_wThe function of (a) is obtained by a Newton Raphson iteration method, and specifically comprises the following steps:

f(T_w)＝w-w_w(T_w)+[4.042×10^-4+5.816×10^-7w_w(T_w)](T-T_w) (5)

formula (5) satisfies f (T)_w) When the ratio is 0, the product can be obtained,

the first derivative of equation (5) is obtained,

wherein, T_w ^pIs the p-th estimate of the wet bulb temperature, T_w ^p+1Is the p +1 th estimate of the wet bulb temperature.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the continuous wet bulb temperature T is measured_wThe absolute value of the difference between the two is less than the set error value, i.e. | T_w ^p+1-T_w ^pIf is less than the set error value, the iterative process is stopped.

8. A method for predicting the intrinsic growth rate of an insect population in a grain bulk,

grain bulk wet bulb temperature T obtained according to the method of any one of claims 1 to 7_wAnd a threshold temperature T for preventing growth of a population of certain insects₀Obtaining the intrinsic growth rate r of the insect population as follows:

r＝k(T_w-T₀) (8)

wherein, T₀≤T_w≤T_m，T_mIs the maximum temperature at which a certain insect population grows, in units of ℃; k is a growth rate constant in units of (DEG C. week)^-1。

9. A computing device, comprising:

one or more processors;

storage means for storing one or more programs;

when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement the method of any one of claims 1-7 or the method of claim 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the method of any one of claims 1 to 7 or the method of claim 8.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of food science, in particular to a method for measuring the wet bulb temperature of a grain pile, a method for predicting the intrinsic growth rate of insect populations in the grain pile, a computing device and a computer readable storage medium.

Background

The principle of grain storage and circulation is to control the water content and temperature to inhibit the growth of entomophthora, maintain the activity of grains, delay the quality deterioration and improve the processing performance. The main way for keeping the quality of the dry food after warehousing is to prevent the propagation of pests. The balanced relative humidity of the dry grain stack is 30-65%, the growth of mites and microorganisms can be inhibited, and the microclimate of the grain stack for the safety management of grain storage insects is 17-22 ℃. The purpose of cooling and ventilating the grain stack is to form grains which are surrounded by low-temperature and low-humidity air. The insect life cycle is more than 3 months in the temperature range of 17-22 ℃. The temperature is lower (less than 16 ℃), the egg laying and fertility of the insects are lower, the number of the groups is not increased, and the harm is negligible. The optimum temperature and Relative Humidity (RH) required by grain storage insects varies with their species. RH is lower than 70%, grain storage insects can develop, and some species can reproduce when RH is lower than 30%. The dry grain bulk Equilibrium Relative Humidity (ERH) is typically 30% to 70%, and grain storage insects have to tolerate the microclimate RH of the dry grain bulk. The study on the air characteristics of the grain stack grain gaps is lacked in China.

In the technical specification GB29890-2013 for grain and oil storage in China, insect grain grade division and grade indexes are specified that raw grains are divided into three types of basic insect-free grains, general insect grains and serious insect grains, and the pest density (main pest density) is respectively less than or equal to 5(2) heads/kg, 6-50 (3-10) heads/kg and more than 30(10) heads/kg. The main pest species include Zephyranthus maydis, Pestypus oryzae, Pestypus cornutus, Pestypus giganteus, Pestypus pisiferus, Pestypus fabri, Pestypus coffei, Myzus plutella and Indian Chrysomya. The pest density detection period is that when the grain temperature is lower than 15 ℃, the pest density detection is carried out for 1 time per month; when the grain temperature is 15-25 ℃, the detection is carried out for at least 1 time within 15 days; when the grain temperature is higher than 25 ℃, the detection is carried out for at least 1 time within 7 days. At least 1 detection is carried out every 7 days within 3 months after the treatment of the dangerous insect food. Although current southern high temperature field trials demonstrate low temperature grain storage techniques for rice that maintain grain quality by inhibiting pest growth, fumigation is still required, one method of determining fumigation time is pest density detection, and the other is routine fumigation at 4 and 9 months per year.

Wet bulb temperature is a good method for determining the quality of cold air used for cooling and ventilating the grain bulk. The Relative Humidity (RH) of the ventilation air needs to be measured during the aeration operation of the grain bulk. One convenient method is to use a wet and dry bulb thermometer. The temperature test reflects the internal energy of the material and the difference between the air wet bulb and dry bulb temperatures is called wet bulb decay. When the humidity of the air is increased, more water molecules in the air rush to the wet gauze sleeve of the mercury bulb of the wet bulb thermometer, so that the net loss of high-energy molecules is reduced, and the wet bulb temperature is increased. The wet bulb temperature is applied to the grain storage aspect and is very important for controlling pest population. From the grain storage research literature, it was found that when the air-wet bulb temperature in the barn was below 12 ℃, the growth rate of most insect populations infecting the stored grain was very low. At the threshold wet bulb temperature, the population growth of a certain insect is inhibited. Below or equal to this threshold wet bulb temperature, the growth rate of the species of insect is zero, above which the population of the species of insect increases exponentially. Compared with the dry bulb temperature, the wet bulb temperature is suitable for controlling the grain storage ventilation system.

In the air conditioning, ventilation, and meteorology arts, the wet bulb temperature of air can be measured directly if the dry bulb temperature, relative humidity, and partial pressure of water vapor of the air are known, however, the air between particles needs to flow through the wet bulb thermometer at 5m/s and the detection device produced can meet this measurement. But the wet bulb temperature of the air sample in the grain heap cannot be determined with this device.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the wet bulb temperature of a grain pile.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for predicting the intrinsic growth rate of an insect population in a grain bulk.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a computing device.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a computer-readable storage medium.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides a method for measuring the wet bulb temperature of a grain pile in a first aspect, which comprises the following steps:

s10, obtaining the relative humidity of the air at a certain position and the moisture content of the air at the position according to the dry bulb temperature measured by the temperature measuring cable at the position of the grain pile and the grain moisture content measured by the sampling;

and S20, obtaining the wet bulb temperature of the air by adopting a Newton-Raphson iteration method according to the fact that the moisture content of the saturated air is a function of the wet bulb temperature.

In one embodiment, the relative humidity of the air at the site is:

wherein rh is relative humidity of grain air, and the unit is%, M is grain moisture, and the unit is% wet basis, T is grain dry bulb temperature, and the unit is deg.C, and a, b and c are coefficients of measured grain equilibrium moisture equation correction Chung-Ppost.

In one embodiment, the values of a, b and c are related to the type of grain in the grain bulk, wherein,

when the grain is japonica rice, a is 564.019, b is 63.041, and c is 0.219;

when the grain is indica rice, a is 635.689, b is 57.149, and c is 0.231;

when the grain is glutinous rice, a is 669.551, b is 68.175, and c is 0.233;

when the grain is rice, a is 627.769, b is 60.407, and c is 0.229;

when the grain is red wheat, a is 644.263, b is 74.867, and c is 0.215;

when the grain is white wheat, a is 602.627, b is 69.642, and c is 0.214;

when the grain is wheat, a is 622.365, b is 72.117, and c is 0.214;

when the grain is yellow corn, a is 537.712, b is 54.817, and c is 0.221;

when the grain is white corn, a is 493.398, b is 56.827, and c is 0.227;

when the grain is corn, a is 526.086, b is 55.239 and c is 0.223.

In a particular embodiment, the moisture content of the air at the site is:

wherein w is the moisture content of the air in the grain gaps, and the unit is kg/kg, p_atmIs 101325Pa, p_sIs the saturated water vapor pressure of the dry grain ball at the temperature T, and the unit is Pa, and specifically comprises the following steps:

in one embodiment, the grain gap air wet bulb temperature model is:

w＝w_w-(4.042×10^-4+5.816×10^-7w_w)(T-T_w) (3)

wherein, T_wThe temperature of grain clearance air wet bulb is measured in unit; w is a_wIs the wet bulb temperature T_wThe moisture content of the lower saturated air is kg/kg; p is a radical of_swFor wet bulb temperature T of grain_wThe saturated vapor pressure of the water is expressed by Pa, and specifically comprises the following steps:

in a particular embodiment, the saturated air moisture content w_wIs the wet bulb temperature T_wThe function of (a) is obtained by a Newton Raphson iteration method, and specifically comprises the following steps:

f(T_w)＝w-w_w(T_w)+[4.042×10^-4+5.816×10^-7w_w(T_w)](T-T_w) (5)

formula (5) satisfies f (T)_w) When the ratio is 0, the product can be obtained,

the first derivative of equation (5) is obtained,

wherein, T_w ^pIs the p-th estimate of the wet bulb temperature, T_w ^p+1Is the p +1 th estimate of the wet bulb temperature.

In one embodiment, the continuous wet bulb temperature T_wThe absolute value of the difference between the two is less than a set error value, i.e. | T_w ^p+1-T_w ^pIf | is less than the set error value, the iterative process is stopped.

In a second aspect, the invention provides a method for predicting the intrinsic growth rate of an insect population in a grain bulkThe wet bulb temperature T of the grain pile obtained by the method according to the first aspect of the invention_wAnd a threshold temperature T for preventing growth of a population of certain insects₀Obtaining the intrinsic growth rate r of the insect population as follows:

r＝k(T_w-T₀) (8)

wherein, T₀≤T_w≤T_m，T_mIs the maximum temperature of certain k insect population growth, in units of ℃; k is a growth rate constant in units of (DEG C. week)^-1。

A third aspect of the present invention provides a computing device comprising:

one or more processors;

storage means for storing one or more programs;

when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to implement a method according to the first aspect of the invention or a method according to the second aspect of the invention.

A fourth aspect of the invention provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, performs the method according to the first aspect of the invention or the method according to the second aspect of the invention.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the technical scheme of the invention deeply calculates the wet bulb temperature of the grain stack on the basis of the grain balance moisture determination and application research in China, can accurately predict the air wet bulb temperature of certain grain stack at a certain position in a certain warehouse, provides prediction on the growth rate and population quantity of grain storage pests, and provides decision for judging whether grain storage insects grow, reproduce and fumigate, so that the main grain storage insects of the grain stack can be effectively managed and prevented, the fumigation effect is reduced, and the goal of optimizing grain and storing is realized.

Drawings

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary system architecture diagram in which the present application may be applied.

Figure 2 illustrates a flow chart of one embodiment of a method of measuring a wet bulb temperature of a grain pile according to the present application. .

FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermometric cable according to one embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic block diagram of a computer device suitable for use in implementing embodiments of the present application.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic of the change during wet bulb temperature ventilation of a white wheat grain stack from north china plain grain depot No. P1 according to the experiments of the present application.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic of insect growth rate at the highest wet bulb temperature for the white wheat grain bulk at bin P1 of north china plain grain depot according to the experiments of the present application.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic wet bulb temperature diagram of each layer of southern region grain depot low temperature P2 tall flat-room silo 2018 annual rice grain stack according to the experiments of the present application.

Fig. 8 shows a schematic wet bulb temperature diagram of each layer of southern region grain depot low temperature P2 tall flat-room silo 2019 annual rice grain stack according to the experiments of the present application.

Fig. 9 shows a graph of wet bulb temperatures corresponding to the highest and lowest temperatures of southern region grain depot low-temperature P2 tall flat silos 2018 and 2019 annual grain bulk, according to experiments of the present application.

Figure 10 shows a schematic of southern region grain depot low temperature P2 high flat silos 2018 annual primary storage insect growth rate according to the experiments of the present application.

Figure 11 shows a schematic graph of southern region grain depot low temperature P2 high flat housing 2019 annual primary storage insect growth rate in experiments according to the present application.

Figure 12 shows a graph of southern region grain depot rice low temperature high P2 horizontal warehouse rice elephant wet bulb temperature versus 3 months' propagation rate in accordance with the experiments of the present application.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly illustrate the invention, the invention is further described below with reference to preferred embodiments and the accompanying drawings. Similar parts in the figures are denoted by the same reference numerals. It is to be understood by persons skilled in the art that the following detailed description is illustrative and not restrictive, and is not to be taken as limiting the scope of the invention.

Fig. 1 illustrates an exemplary system architecture 10 to which an embodiment of a method of measuring the wet bulb temperature of a grain pile or a method of predicting the intrinsic growth rate of an insect population in a grain pile of the present application may be applied.

As shown in fig. 1, system architecture 10 includes a grain bin 101, a fan 102, and a computer 103. Wherein, be provided with the temperature measurement cable that is used for measuring grain pile each position temperature in granary 101. It should be noted that the bin type shown in fig. 1 is only an example, and does not form a specific limitation on the bin type of the grain bin, that is, the bin type of the grain bin may be a tall and large horizontal warehouse, a vertical warehouse, a shallow round warehouse, etc., and the specific selection is determined according to the actual situation. Fan 102 is used for ventilating and cooling granary 101, and it should be noted that the fan includes centrifugation and axial flow two kinds, and this application does not do the restriction to fan type, number of stages and power. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the number of fans is related to the number of vents, and the specific choice is practical.

It should be understood that the number of fans and computers in FIG. 1 is merely exemplary. There may be any number of fans and computers, as desired. In addition, the computer 103 may also be a server providing various services for analyzing and processing the received data, which is not limited in this application.

Example one

Figure 2 illustrates a method of measuring a wet bulb temperature of a grain pile according to the present application, comprising:

s10, obtaining the relative humidity of the air at a certain position and the moisture content of the air at the position according to the dry bulb temperature measured by the temperature measuring cable at the position of the grain pile and the grain moisture content measured by the sampling;

and a temperature measuring cable is arranged in the grain pile and used for measuring the temperature of each site of the grain pile. Wherein, contain a temperature sensor in the temperature measurement cable at least, can set up a plurality ofly as required, the distance between the sensor also can set for as required.

FIG. 3 shows a schematic structural diagram of a thermometric cable according to one embodiment of the present application. In a specific example, the height of the grain stack is 6 meters, the grain stack has 4 layers, and the temperature measuring cable 30 shown in fig. 3 is adopted, wherein, along the height direction (i.e. z direction) of the grain stack, one temperature sensor is arranged every 1.5 meters, that is, the distance between the temperature sensors is the ratio of the height of the grain stack to the number of layers of the grain stack, that is, 6m/4 is 1.5 m. Wherein, the temperature sensors 302, 304, 306 and 308 are respectively used for measuring the temperature of the upper layer, the middle 1 layer, the middle 2 layer and the lower layer in the grain pile.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the structure of the temperature measuring cable 30 is merely exemplary and is not meant to be a specific limitation, and the selection of the temperature measuring cable is related to the type of granary and the area, and the specific arrangement is determined according to the actual situation. For example, in a horizontal warehouse with a height of 25 meters and a width of 21 meters, 60 temperature measuring cables are usually arranged as temperature sensors; a shallow round bin with the bin capacity of 1 ten thousand tons is generally provided with 120 temperature measuring cables as temperature sensors. The dry bulb temperature measured by the temperature measuring cable is represented by T, and the grain moisture content measured by the sampling is represented by M.

In one embodiment, the relative humidity of the air at the site is:

wherein rh is relative humidity of grain air, unit is%, M is grain moisture content, unit is% wet basis, T is grain dry bulb temperature, unit is ℃, and a, b and c are coefficients of measured grain equilibrium moisture equation correction Chung-Ppost.

In one embodiment, the values of a, b and c are related to the type of grain in the grain bulk, wherein,

when the grain is japonica rice, a is 564.019, b is 63.041, and c is 0.219;

when the grain is indica rice, a is 635.689, b is 57.149, and c is 0.231;

when the grain is glutinous rice, a is 669.551, b is 68.175, and c is 0.233;

when the grain is rice, a is 627.769, b is 60.407, and c is 0.229;

when the grain is red wheat, a is 644.263, b is 74.867, and c is 0.215;

when the grain is white wheat, a is 602.627, b is 69.642, and c is 0.214;

when the grain is wheat, a is 622.365, b is 72.117, and c is 0.214;

when the grain is yellow corn, a is 537.712, b is 54.817, and c is 0.221;

when the grain is white corn, a is 493.398, b is 56.827, and c is 0.227;

when the grain is corn, a is 526.086, b is 55.239 and c is 0.223.

In a specific embodiment, the determination method of the equation coefficients a, b and c comprises the steps of firstly adopting a static weighing equilibrium moisture determination method, obtaining adsorption and desorption isotherms of domestic 17 varieties of rice (10 indica rice, 3 japonica rice and 4 glutinous rice), 14 varieties of wheat (7 red wheat and 7 white wheat) and 16 varieties of corn (12 yellow corn and 4 white corn) at the dry bulb temperature of 10-35 ℃ and the RH of 11.3% -96%, and carrying out nonlinear regression fitting by adopting a modified Chung-Ppost equation to obtain the equation coefficients.

In a particular embodiment, the moisture content of the air at the site is:

wherein w is the moisture content of the air in the grain gaps, and the unit is kg/kg, p_atmIs 101325Pa, p_sIs the saturated water vapor pressure of the dry grain ball at the temperature T, and the unit is Pa, and specifically comprises the following steps:

and S20, obtaining the wet bulb temperature of the air by adopting a Newton-Raphson iteration method according to the fact that the moisture content of the saturated air is a function of the wet bulb temperature.

In one embodiment, the grain gap air wet bulb temperature model is:

w＝w_w-(4.042×10^-4+5.816×10^-7w_w)(T-T_w) (3)

wherein, T_wThe temperature of grain clearance air wet bulb is measured in unit; w is a_wIs the wet bulb temperature T_wThe moisture content of the lower saturated air is kg/kg; p is a radical of_swFor wet bulb temperature T of grain_wThe saturated vapor pressure of the water is expressed by Pa, and specifically comprises the following steps:

in a particular embodiment, the saturated air moisture content w_wIs the wet bulb temperature T_wThe function of (a) is obtained by a Newton Raphson iteration method, and specifically comprises the following steps:

f(T_w)＝w-w_w(T_w)+[4.042×10^-4+5.816×10^-7w_w(T_w)](T-T_w) (5)

formula (5) satisfies f (T)_w) When the ratio is 0, the product can be obtained,

the first derivative of equation (5) is obtained,

wherein, T_w ^pIs the p-th estimate of the wet bulb temperature, T_w ^p+1Is the p +1 th estimate of the wet bulb temperature.

In one embodiment, the continuous wet bulb temperature T_wThe absolute value of the difference between the two is less than a set error value, i.e. | T_w ^p+1-T_w ^pError of less than set |Values, e.g. setting error values to 10^-6I.e. whenThen the iterative calculation process is stopped.

The method for measuring the wet bulb temperature of the grain pile aims at the existing problems at present, and can solve the problem that equipment produced in the prior art in China cannot measure the wet bulb temperature of an air sample in the grain pile.

Example two

The invention provides a method for predicting the intrinsic growth rate of insect population in grain bulk, which is characterized in that,

wet bulb temperature T of grain pile obtained according to the method of embodiment I_wAnd a threshold temperature T for preventing growth of a population of certain insects₀Obtaining the intrinsic growth rate r of the insect population as follows:

r＝k(T_w-T₀) (8)

wherein, T₀≤T_w≤T_m，T_mIs the maximum temperature at which a certain insect population grows, in units of ℃; k is a growth rate constant in units of (DEG C. week)^-1。

In one embodiment, table 1 lists parameters for the growth rate of certain stored grain insects.

After consulting the literature and summarizing to table 1, the threshold temperature T for the growth of the insect population of the four insects, namely the khaki, the mibehavia zeamais, the khaki and the tebehavia zeae, growing in the grain wheat is shown₀、T_mIs a specific value of the maximum temperature and growth rate constant k for the growth of the insect population.

TABLE 1 parameters of growth rates of certain stored grain insects

Grain seeds	Insect species	T0(℃)	Tm(℃)	k (. degree. C. week)-1
					Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)	Grain moth	12.0	>31	0.0257
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)	Rice elephant	9.0	>23	0.0521
					Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)	Elephant of grain	8.5	>23.5	-
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)	Corn elephant	14.0	>21	0.0181

The method for predicting the intrinsic growth rate of the insect population in the grain stack is made aiming at the existing problems at present, and a decision can be provided for judging whether grain storage insects grow and reproduce and whether fumigation operation is needed.

EXAMPLE III

Fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a computer device according to another embodiment of the present application. The computer device 50 shown in fig. 4 is only an example, and should not bring any limitation to the function and the scope of use of the embodiments of the present application.

As shown in FIG. 4, computer device 50 is in the form of a general purpose computing device. The components of computer device 50 may include, but are not limited to: one or more processors or processing units 500, a system memory 516, and a bus 501 that couples various system components including the system memory 516 and the processing unit 500.

Bus 501 represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, such architectures include, but are not limited to, Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, micro-channel architecture (MAC) bus, enhanced ISA bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus.

Computer device 50 typically includes a variety of computer system readable media. Such media may be any available media that is accessible by computer device 50 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media.

The system memory 516 may include computer system readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as Random Access Memory (RAM)504 and/or cache memory 506. The computer device 50 may further include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer system storage media. By way of example only, storage system 508 may be used to read from and write to non-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media (not shown in FIG. 4, and commonly referred to as a "hard drive"). Although not shown in FIG. 4, a magnetic disk drive for reading from and writing to a removable, nonvolatile magnetic disk (e.g., a "floppy disk") and an optical disk drive for reading from or writing to a removable, nonvolatile optical disk (e.g., a CD-ROM, DVD-ROM, or other optical media) may be provided. In these cases, each drive may be connected to the bus 501 by one or more data media interfaces. Memory 516 may include at least one program product having a set (e.g., at least one) of program modules that are configured to carry out the functions of embodiment one or embodiment two.

A program/utility 510 having a set (at least one) of program modules 512 may be stored, for example, in memory 516, such program modules 512 including, but not limited to, an operating system, one or more application programs, other program modules, and program data, each of which examples or some combination thereof may comprise an implementation of a network environment. Program modules 512 generally perform the functions and/or methodologies of the embodiments described herein.

Computer device 50 may also communicate with one or more external devices 70 (e.g., keyboard, pointing device, display 60, etc.), with one or more devices that enable a user to interact with the computer device 50, and/or with any devices (e.g., network card, modem, etc.) that enable the computer device 50 to communicate with one or more other computing devices. Such communication may occur via input/output (I/O) interfaces 502. Also, computer device 50 may communicate with one or more networks (e.g., a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wide Area Network (WAN) and/or a public network, such as the Internet) through network adapter 514. As shown in FIG. 4, network adapter 514 communicates with the other modules of computer device 50 via bus 501. It should be appreciated that although not shown in FIG. 4, other hardware and/or software modules may be used in conjunction with computer device 50, including but not limited to: microcode, device drivers, redundant processing units, external disk drive arrays, RAID systems, tape drives, and data backup storage systems, among others.

The processor unit 500 executes various functional applications and data processing, for example, implementing the methods provided in the first or second embodiment of the present application, by executing programs stored in the system memory 516.

Aiming at the existing problems at present, the method for measuring the wet bulb temperature of the grain pile or the computer equipment for predicting the internal growth rate of the insect population in the grain pile is made, the problem that the equipment produced in the prior art in China cannot measure the wet bulb temperature of an air sample in the grain pile can be solved, and a decision can be provided for judging whether grain storage insects grow and reproduce and whether fumigation operation is needed.

Example four

Another embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which when executed by a processor implements the method provided by the first or second embodiment.

In practice, the computer-readable storage medium may take any combination of one or more computer-readable media. The computer readable medium may be a computer readable signal medium or a computer readable storage medium. A computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination of the foregoing. More specific examples (a non-exhaustive list) of the computer readable storage medium would include the following: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. In the present embodiment, a computer readable storage medium may be any tangible medium that can contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

A computer readable signal medium may include a propagated data signal with computer readable program code embodied therein, for example, in baseband or as part of a carrier wave. Such a propagated data signal may take many forms, including, but not limited to, electro-magnetic, optical, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer readable signal medium may also be any computer readable medium that is not a computer readable storage medium and that can communicate, propagate, or transport a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device.

Program code embodied on a computer readable medium may be transmitted using any appropriate medium, including but not limited to wireless, wireline, optical fiber cable, RF, etc., or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

Computer program code for carrying out operations for aspects of the present application may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Java, Smalltalk, C + +, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the "C" programming language or similar programming languages. The program code may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the case of a remote computer, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a Local Area Network (LAN) or a Wide Area Network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet service provider).

In one specific example, the inventors have verified the above method for measuring the wet bulb temperature of a grain pile and the method for predicting the intrinsic growth rate of insect populations in a grain pile, and further demonstrated the reliability of the method of the present application.

Aiming at the existing problems at present, the computer-readable storage medium for the method for measuring the wet bulb temperature of the grain pile or the method for predicting the internal growth rate of the insect population in the grain pile is made, so that the problem that the equipment produced in the prior art in China cannot measure the wet bulb temperature of an air sample in the grain pile can be solved, and a decision can be provided for judging whether grain storage insects grow and reproduce and whether fumigation operation is needed.

Experiment one

The test is carried out in a high and large horizontal warehouse No. P1 of the plain grain depot in North China. The length of the barn is 36.5 meters, the width is 23.2 meters, and the grain filling height is 6.0And (4) rice. The stored wheat variety is hard winter wheat, in a quantity of 4132 tons. The ventilation system of the warehouse is composed of 4 ventilation openings on one side, a mode of two-pass cage ventilation on the ground is adopted, and the ratio of the air net to the air net is 1: 1.41. Adopts an axial flow fan for ventilation, two axial flow fans on one side have the power of 1.1kW, the wind pressure of 220Pa and the wind volume of 7433m³And h, the air supply mode is an upward suction type.

The ventilation time period is 12 months in 2019 and 4-29 days. The ventilation condition is set as intermittent ventilation, the temperature is less than or equal to 12 ℃ in 12 months and 4-15 days in 2019, and the humidity condition is as follows: 65 to 85 percent; 16-29 days in 12 months, the temperature is less than or equal to 8 ℃, and the humidity condition is as follows: 65 to 85 percent. The fan was operated for a total time of 286 h.

Fig. 5 shows a schematic of the change in wet bulb temperature during ventilation of the grain bulk of wheat barn No. P1 in north china plain, from which it can be seen that the maximum grain temperature corresponds to a wet bulb temperature in one tier, rising from 15.07 c for 12 months and 2 days to 21.61 c for 12 months and 5 days, and then decreasing almost linearly to 8.37 c for 12 months and 30 days. The wet bulb temperature corresponding to the highest grain temperature of the second layer, the third layer, the fourth layer and the whole warehouse is respectively and slowly reduced from 22.66, 20.98, 18.61 and 22.55 ℃ of 12 months and 2 days to 22.56, 19.87, 18.24 and 22.48 ℃ of 12 months and 5 days, and then is rapidly reduced to 8.34, 7.93, 10.14 and 10.14 ℃ of 12 months and 30 days. The variation trend of the wet bulb temperature corresponding to the average temperature of the grain pile is similar to that of the wet bulb temperature corresponding to the highest grain temperature. The average temperature of one layer, two layers, three layers, four layers and the whole cabin respectively corresponds to the wet bulb temperature which is reduced from 12.29, 19.16, 18.33, 15.43 and 16.34 ℃ of 12 months and 2 days to 4.04, 3.99, 2.90, 3.31 and 3.58 ℃ of 12 months and 30 days. In 2019, 12 months and 30 days, the wet bulb temperatures corresponding to the maximum temperature and the average temperature of the whole grain stack are 10.14 ℃ and 3.58 ℃ respectively, and all insects are in a growth and development stop state.

Fig. 6 shows a schematic diagram of insect growth rate at the highest wet bulb temperature of the grain pile of wheat barn number P1 in north china plain. It can be seen that the growth rate of the khaki is from 0.272 weeks at the highest wet bulb temperature of the grain bulk during the mechanical aeration of the cooling machine from 12/2 to 30/2019^-1Reduced to-0.047 weeks^-1The growth rate of rice weevil is from 0.705 week^-1Reduced to 0.059 weeks^-1The corn elephant has the period of 0.154 weeks^-1Reduced to-0.069 weeks^-1. The growth rate of the bark beetle is controlled from 0.112 weeks at the average wet bulb temperature of the grain bulk^-1Reduced to-0.216 weeks^-1The growth rate of rice weevil is from 0.382 week^-1Reduced to-0.282 weeks^-1The corn elephant grows for 0.042 weeks^-1Reduced to-0.188 weeks^-1. The wheat grain heap can inhibit the growth rate of main grain storage insects by cooling and mechanical ventilation.

Experiment two

The test is carried out in a low-temperature high-high horizontal warehouse of first-grain depot P2 paddy in southern areas, 3338 tons of late indica paddy, the warehousing time of second-grade paddy in 2017, 1 month and 1 year, the water content is 12.1 percent, and the impurities are 0.6 percent. The length, width and height of the grain pile are respectively 41.7 meters, 20.2 meters and 6.6 meters. The ground cage has three air ducts, the ventilation path ratio is 1.35, the U-shaped air ducts and the ventilation openings are 3. Configuration of air conditioners in warehouses: 4 lattice-force air conditioners, cooling power 1390W, set temperature: 22 ℃, service time: 6 and 2 days in 2019 to 9 and 16 days in 2019.

3, 23 to 5, 21 days in 2018 of bin fumigation operation; 11 months, 9 days-12 months, 17 days; 18 days in 2019 and 18 days in 2019 to 4 days in 11 months. Sampling time: in 12/2/afternoon in 2019, 11 sampling points are made on the grain surface, 4 layers are taken at each point, and 44 samples are counted. And (4) measuring the moisture of the samples by using a rapid moisture meter, and marking the samples on each sample label.

Fig. 7 shows wet bulb temperatures for each layer of a P2 barn rice grain stack in 2018. As can be seen from fig. 7, during 2018, the average wet bulb temperature of a layer of P2 canneled rice gradually increases from 12.88 ℃ at 11 days of 4 months to 19.9 ℃ at 20 days of 8 months, and then gradually decreases to 12.88 ℃ at 21 days of 12 months. The average wet bulb temperature of the second layer gradually increases from 12.88 ℃ on day 2 of 4 months to 17.42 ℃ on day 11 of 7 months, and then gradually decreases to 12.52 ℃ on day 28 of 12 months. The average wet bulb temperature of the three layers is gradually increased from 12.70 ℃ of 4 months and 16 days to 16.31 ℃ of 7 months and 25 days, and then gradually decreased to 12.97 ℃ of 12 months and 31 days. The average wet bulb temperature of the four layers is gradually increased from 12.88 ℃ of 4 months and 16 days to 16.42 ℃ of 9 months and 5 days, and then gradually decreased to 12.88 ℃ of 12 months and 24 days. The average wet bulb temperature in the whole warehouse is gradually increased from 12.79 ℃ in 4 months and 4 days to 19.25 ℃ in 30 months and 7 months, and then gradually decreased to 12.97 ℃ in 21 days of 12 months.

Fig. 8 shows the wet bulb temperature of each layer of the P2 barn rice grain stack in 2019. As can be seen from fig. 8, during 2019, the average wet bulb temperature of one layer of P2 cang rice gradually increased from 12.97 ℃ at 6 months and 7 days to 20.38 ℃ at 9 months and 18 days, and then gradually decreased to 14.15 ℃ at 11 months and 22 days. The average wet bulb temperature of the second layer gradually increases from 12.97 ℃ on day 28 of 6 months to 16.23 ℃ on day 16 of 9 months, and then gradually decreases to 14.24 ℃ on day 22 of 11 months. The average wet bulb temperature of the three layers is gradually increased from 12.79 ℃ on 7 months and 15 days to 15.22 ℃ on 10 months and 4 days, and then gradually decreased to 15.49 ℃ on 11 months and 22 days. The average wet bulb temperature of the four layers is gradually increased from 12.86 ℃ of 6 months and 10 days to 15.92 ℃ of 10 months and 2 days and then gradually decreased to 15.11 ℃ of 11 months and 22 days. The average wet bulb temperature in the whole bin is gradually increased from 12.79 ℃ on 17 days of 6 months to 17.04 ℃ on 20 days of 9 months, and then gradually decreased to 14.77 ℃ on 22 days of 11 months.

Fig. 9 shows the wet bulb temperatures for the highest and lowest temperatures of the P2 bin rice grain bulk in 2018 and 2019. As can be seen from fig. 9, the wet bulb temperature corresponding to the maximum grain temperature of P2 bin rice gradually increased from 12.97 ℃ at 3 months and 2 days to 20.98 ℃ at 7 months and 25 days, and then gradually decreased to 14.50 ℃ at 12 months and 31 days during 2018. The maximum grain temperatures at 3 months, 23 days and 10 months, 8 days were 16.04 ℃ and 18.41 ℃ respectively. The lowest grain temperature corresponds to a wet bulb temperature of less than 14.4 ℃ over the entire year. During 2019, the temperature of the wet bulb corresponding to the maximum grain temperature is gradually increased from 12.76 ℃ at 24 days of 4 months to 20.62 ℃ at 7 days of 10 months, and then gradually decreased to 15.63 ℃ at 22 days of 11 months. The maximum grain temperature in 9 months and 18 days corresponds to a wet bulb temperature of 20.53 ℃. The lowest grain temperature corresponds to a wet bulb temperature of less than 9.5 ℃ over the entire year.

Fig. 10 shows the insect growth rate of rice main stock at P2 barn in 2018. During 2018, the growth rate of the khaki is more than 0.1 week at the highest wet bulb temperature of the grain bulk^-1The time period is 3 months, 23 days to 12 months and 7 days; growth rate of rice weevil is greater than 0.1 week^-1The time period is 1 month and 1 day to 12 months and 31 days; growth rate of Zea mays is greater than 0.1 week^-1The time period is from 5 months 18 days to 9 months 28 days. The growth rate of the bark beetle is more than 0.1 week at the average wet bulb temperature of the grain bulk^-1The time period is 5 months and 2 days to 11 months and 12 days; growth rate of rice weevil is greater than 0.1 week^-1The time period is 3 months and 7 days31 days of 12 months; the annual growth rate of the elephant in 2018 is less than 0.1 week^-1。

Fig. 11 shows the insect growth rate of rice main stock at P2 barn in 2019. The growth rate of the khaki is greater than 0.1 week at the highest wet bulb temperature of the grain bulk during 2019^-1The time period is from 26 days at 6 months to 15 days at 11 months; growth rate of rice weevil is greater than 0.1 week^-1The time period is 1 month, 2 days to 3 months, 15 days and 4 months, 10 days to 11 months, 22 days; growth rate of Zea mays is greater than 0.1 week^-1The time period is 9 months and 4 days to 10 months and 17 days. The growth rate of the bark beetle is more than 0.1 week at the average wet bulb temperature of the grain bulk^-1The time period is 9 months, 4 days to 10 months, 17 days; growth rate of rice weevil is greater than 0.1 week^-1The time period is 1 month, 2 days to 16 days, 4 months, 8 days to 11 months, 22 days; the annual growth rate of the elephant in 2019 is less than 0.1 week^-1。

As can be seen from the combination of FIGS. 10 and 11, the predicted growth rate of rice weevils was greater than 0.2 weeks during summer early (3 months 23) and autumn winter (11 months 9 days) fumigation in 2018^-1And when the rice weevil is fumigated in autumn (9 months and 18 days) of 2019, the predicted growth rate of the rice weevil is more than 0.3 week^-1. The rice stored at the quasi-low temperature can be fumigated in summer and autumn, and the growth rate of the rice weevil can be 0.2-0.3 week^-1As a reference index.

FIG. 12 shows the wet bulb temperature of elephants versus 3 months of reproduction rate, Wilson and Desmarchelier (1994) indicated that the dry bulb temperature for the maximum rate of grain storage insect development was 25-33 deg.C, development was slow at 13-25 deg.C, and development stopped at 13-20 deg.C. The wet bulb temperature of the grain beetle and the large-eye serrate gristle which stop growing is 12 ℃, the target temperature of management is determined to be 14 ℃, the breeding multiple of 3 months is 2 for the grain beetle and 4 for the large-eye serrate gristle. The wet bulb temperature at which the development of maize elephants was stopped was 14 ℃, the target temperature for management was set to 16 ℃, and the 3-month fold of propagation was 1.6 for maize. The wet bulb temperature for stopping the development of the tribolium castaneum and the serratia castaneum is 16 ℃, the target temperature for management is 17 ℃, the reproduction multiple of 3 months is 3.1 for the tribolium castaneum and 1.8 for the serratia castaneum. As shown in FIG. 10, the wet bulb temperature at which the development of rice weevils was stopped was 9 ℃ and the target temperature for management was 11, 13, 15 and 17 ℃ respectively, the fold growth of rice weevils was 3.9, 14.9, 57.7 and 223.2 in 3 months. When the average wet bulb temperature of one layer of the rice grain and the highest wet bulb temperature of the whole bin are higher than 20 ℃ or the wet bulb temperature of the whole bin is higher than 17 ℃ for the rice grain pile in the P2 bin, the fumigation operation is considered, and the growth and reproduction rate of the rice weevil is very high.

For 11.5% water content rice, when the average wet-bulb temperature of the whole grain stack is greater than 17 deg.C and the average dry-bulb temperature of the grain stack is about 23 deg.C, the growth rate of rice elephant is greater than 0.2 weeks^-1The fumigation operation in summer and autumn is considered.

It should be noted that, the inventor has demonstrated the reliability of the method for measuring the wet bulb temperature of the grain pile or the method for predicting the internal growth rate of the insect population in the grain pile in the application through theoretical calculation and actual verification, can solve the problem that the equipment produced in the prior art in China cannot measure the wet bulb temperature of the air sample in the grain pile, and can realize the decision for judging whether the grain storage insect grows and breeds and whether fumigation operation is needed.

It should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention are only examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other variations or modifications may be made on the basis of the above description, and all embodiments may not be exhaustive, and all obvious variations or modifications may be included within the scope of the present invention.