阅读说明：本技术 重型载重车辆 (Heavy load-carrying vehicle ) 是由 霍斯特·黑费勒 于 2020-03-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种重型载重车辆,包括：转向单元(20),所述转向单元能围绕旋转轴线(C)转动地支承在重型载重车辆的车架上,并且所述转向单元具有至少一个连接区段(22),所述至少一个连接区段被设置用于与重型载重车辆的转向装置和/或转向给出器(16)连接；以及转向给出器(16),所述转向给出器与转向单元(20)连接,并且所述转向给出器被设置用于引起转向单元(20)围绕所述转向单元的旋转轴线(C)旋转；其中,所述转向单元(20)包括至少一个长度可变的调节单元(32),所述至少一个长度可变的调节单元被设置用于改变至少一个连接区段(22)相对于转向单元(20)的旋转轴线(C)的距离。(The invention relates to a heavy load vehicle comprising: a steering unit (20) which is mounted on the frame of the heavy-duty vehicle so as to be rotatable about a rotational axis (C) and which has at least one connection section (22) which is provided for connection to a steering device and/or a steering output (16) of the heavy-duty vehicle; and a steering follower (16) which is connected to the steering unit (20) and is provided for causing the steering unit (20) to rotate about a rotational axis (C) of the steering unit; wherein the steering unit (20) comprises at least one variable-length adjustment unit (32) which is provided for changing the distance of at least one connecting section (22) relative to the rotational axis (C) of the steering unit (20).)

1. A heavy load vehicle (10) comprising:

a steering unit (20) which is mounted on the frame of the heavy-duty vehicle (10) so as to be rotatable about a rotational axis (C) and which has at least one connecting section (22) which is provided for connection to a steering device and/or a steering output (16) of the heavy-duty vehicle (10); and

a steering follower (16) which is connected to a steering unit (20) and which is provided for causing a rotation of the steering unit (20) about a rotation axis (C) of the steering unit;

wherein the steering unit (20) comprises at least one adjusting unit (32), preferably a variable-length adjusting unit, which is provided for changing the distance of at least one connecting section (22) relative to the rotational axis (C) of the steering unit (20).

2. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to claim 1, wherein the steering setter (16) is connected with the steering unit (20) by a coupling unit (18) which is connected with the steering unit (20) eccentrically with respect to the rotational axis (C) of the steering unit (20), wherein the coupling unit (18) connects the steering setter (16) with the steering unit (20) such that a displacement of the steering setter (16) with respect to the frame of the heavy load vehicle (10) causes a rotation of the steering unit (20) with respect to the frame of the heavy load vehicle (10).

3. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the steering presenter (16) is configured as a steering actuator (16) which is rotatable about a rotation axis (a) which is fixed in relation to the frame position of the heavy load vehicle (10) and which is arranged at a substantially unchangeable distance in relation to the rotation axis (a), wherein the steering actuator (16) defines a pivot axis (B) for a coupling unit (18) connected with the steering actuator (16).

4. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that the heavy load vehicle (10) further comprises a steering plate (14) arranged for rotation relative to the frame of the heavy load vehicle (10) about a fixed rotation axis (a) depending on the steering angle (a) of the heavy load vehicle (10), wherein the steering actuator (16) is connected to the steering plate (14) eccentrically relative to the rotation axis (a) of the steering plate (14).

5. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the heavy load vehicle (10) comprises a further steering device and the steering unit (20) is connected both to the steering device and to the further steering device, wherein a length-variable adjusting unit (32) of the steering unit (20) is provided for displacing at least one connecting section (22) assigned to the steering device, in particular all connecting sections (22) assigned to the steering device, relative to the axis of rotation (C) of the steering unit (20).

6. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to claim 5, characterized in that the steering unit (20) comprises a further variable length adjustment unit (32) which is provided for displacing at least one connection section (22) assigned to the further steering device, in particular all connection sections (22) assigned to the further steering device, relative to the axis of rotation (C) of the steering unit (20).

7. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to any of claims 1-6, characterized in that at least one of the variable length adjustment units (32) of the steering unit (20) is arranged for synchronized displacement of the pair of connection sections (22) relative to the rotation axis (C) of the steering unit (20).

8. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the direction of length change of at least one, in particular each, length-variable adjustment unit (32) of the steering unit (20) is oriented orthogonally to the rotation axis (C) of the steering unit (20).

9. Heavy load vehicle (10) according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that at least one of the length-variable adjusting units (32) is configured as a hydraulic cylinder or as a double cylinder, or as a spindle drive or as a double spindle drive, or as a rack drive, or as a linear unit, or as a slider unit.

10. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to any one of claims 1-9 when dependent on claim 4, characterized in that the steering plate (14) comprises a kingpin and a steering wedge arranged for non-rotatable engagement with a superior assembly, in particular a saddle tractor (12), which is not a component of the heavy load vehicle (10), wherein in particular the axis of rotation (a) of the steering plate (14) is substantially coaxial with the centre axis of the kingpin.

11. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to any of claims 1-10 when dependent on claim 4, characterized in that the rotation of the steering plate (14) about the turning axis (a) of the steering plate (14) and the resulting rotation of the steering unit (20) about the rotation axis (C) of the steering unit (20) relative to the frame of the heavy load vehicle (10) are oriented identically with respect to their respective turning directions.

12. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to any of claims 1-11 when depending on claim 4, wherein said at least one variable length adjustment unit (32) of the steering unit (20) is arranged outside the steering plate (14) seen in a direction orthogonal to the turning axis (a) of the steering plate (14).

13. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to any one of claims 1-12, characterized in that at least one steering device connected with the steering unit (20) comprises a hydraulic circuit and at least one of the connection sections (22) assigned to the steering device is connected with a piston-cylinder arrangement (24, 26, 28, 30), wherein the piston-cylinder arrangement (24, 26, 28, 30) is arranged such that a rotation of the steering unit (20) around the rotation axis (C) of the steering unit (20) causes a relative displacement of the pistons and cylinders of the piston-cylinder arrangement (24, 26, 28, 30), whereby the hydraulic circuit of the steering device can be manipulated.

14. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to any one of claims 1-13 when dependent on claim 4, characterized in that each steering device is provided with two piston-cylinder arrangements (24, 26, 28, 30), each of which is connected to the steering unit (20) at one of the connecting sections (22) arranged on both sides of a centre plane, which extends through the axis of rotation (C) of the steering unit (20), which connecting sections are arranged in particular symmetrically on both sides of the centre plane.

15. A heavy load vehicle (10) according to claim 14, wherein respective ends of the piston-cylinder arrangements (24, 26, 28, 30) opposite the steering unit (20) on the same side of said plane are rotatably supported about a common axis (D, D'), in particular substantially parallel to the rotation axis (C) of the steering unit (20).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a heavy load vehicle comprising a steering unit which is mounted on a frame of the heavy load vehicle so as to be rotatable about an axis of rotation and which has at least one connection section which is provided for connection to a steering device and/or a steering driver of the vehicle.

Background

It is to be noted here that the heavy load vehicle can be not only a motor-driven heavy load vehicle but also a towed heavy load vehicle, for example a heavy load trailer or a vehicle of the 04 category (for example a rotor blade of a construction machine, a container and a wind power plant) for transporting separable and inseparable loads, which are subject to speed and traffic limitations due to their size, according to the definition of the term given there, for example a construction machine, a container and a wind power plant, as in EG standard 2007-46-EG annex XI, which is a version 7/15/2011, wherein this also includes modular trailers, irrespective of the number of axles and modules. It should furthermore be noted that even in motor-driven heavy load vehicles, it is not necessary that each of the axle assemblies be motor-driven.

Furthermore, only such vehicles are considered heavy load vehicles in the sense of the present invention, in which the load that has to be designed for each individual axle assembly has a value of at least 4 tons, preferably at least 5 tons, more preferably at least 6 tons.

Such heavy load vehicles often have a large number of axle assemblies depending on the respective load to be transported, which in turn results in a large length of the heavy load vehicle. Furthermore, the length of the heavy load vehicle may vary depending on the use, for example the length may be varied by means of a telescopic middle girder or by arranging a load bridge or similar further components. The large length makes it difficult to set the respective axle assembly to the respective optimum steering angle about the steering axis during cornering.

Heavy load-carrying vehicles are known from the prior art, which have means for transmitting a relative rotation between two vehicle elements (e.g. a fifth-wheel tractor and a fifth-wheel trailer) to a steering device using a settable transmission ratio. EP 2674349B 1, for example, discloses a steering plate which is connected to the fifth wheel of a fifth wheel tractor in a rotationally fixed manner and to which a length-variable adjusting unit is fixedly connected, a steering actuator being arranged at the free end of the adjusting unit for connection to a steering device. Since the length-variable adjusting unit is fixedly connected to the deflector plate, the design of the adjusting unit is greatly limited, for example, with respect to its size. In addition, advantageous further developments are not possible or only possible with great structural complexity, for example the provision of a plurality of deflection devices.

Disclosure of Invention

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a heavy load vehicle with a simplified and better further improved transmission of the steering angle of the first vehicle section to the steering device of the second vehicle section.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a heavy load vehicle comprising a steering unit which is mounted on the frame of the heavy load vehicle so as to be rotatable about an axis of rotation and which has at least one connection section which is provided for connection to a steering device and/or a steering follower of the heavy load vehicle, and a steering follower which is connected to the steering unit and is provided for causing a rotation of the steering unit about the axis of rotation of the steering unit, wherein the steering unit comprises at least one adjusting unit, preferably of variable length, which is provided for varying the distance of the at least one connection section from the axis of rotation of the steering unit.

The steering device can be articulated to the steering unit at the connecting section, so that, for example, a rotation of the steering unit first causes a substantially axial displacement of the section of the steering device mounted on the steering unit. When the steering unit continues to rotate, the segments of the steering device arranged on the connecting segments are of course also rotationally displaced.

In particular, it is possible with the heavy-duty vehicle according to the invention to transmit the steering angle, which is input into the steering unit by the steering output, to the steering device associated with the length-variable adjusting unit with a variable transmission ratio using the length-variable adjusting unit. In other words, the length-variable adjusting unit is provided to vary, by a change in length of the length-variable adjusting unit, the ratio at which a rotation of the steering unit causes a displacement of the steering device, i.e. a steering.

It should also be noted that the steering provider can input the steering angle into the steering unit in different ways. The steering output element can thus be connected in a positionally fixed manner to a first vehicle part that rotates relative to a second vehicle part on which the steering unit and/or the steering device is arranged. However, it is also conceivable for the steering actuator to comprise an actuator, which can convert, for example, an electrical signal into a manipulation of the actuator and thus into a rotation of the steering unit. In the latter case, for example, an element connected to the first vehicle part in a rotationally fixed manner and to the second vehicle part in a rotatable manner can be dispensed with.

The length-variable adjusting unit can be designed to displace at least one connecting section assigned to the adjusting unit both steplessly and in a stepped manner. It is thus conceivable, for example, for at least one connecting section displaceable relative to the steering unit to have a predetermined number of positions to be occupied, for example two end stops assigned to the path of movement of the respective connecting section.

The steering cam can be connected to the steering unit via a coupling unit, which is connected eccentrically to the axis of rotation of the steering unit to the steering unit, wherein the coupling unit can connect the steering cam to the steering unit in such a way that a displacement of the steering cam relative to the frame of the heavy load vehicle causes a rotation of the steering unit relative to the frame of the heavy load vehicle. The coupling unit can be connected to the steering unit in an articulated manner on the steering unit, so that a rotational displacement of the coupling unit can be decoupled from a rotation of the steering unit. The coupling unit can be designed, for example, as a coupling rod, wherein preferably a displacement of the steering output can bring about a substantially axial displacement of the coupling unit, as a result of which the steering unit can in turn be set in rotation.

The steering column can be configured in particular as a steering actuator which is rotatable about a rotational axis which is fixed in position relative to the frame of the heavy-duty vehicle and which is arranged at a substantially unchangeable distance from the rotational axis, wherein the steering actuator defines a pivot axis for a coupling unit connected to the steering actuator. The axis of rotation of the steering output element can thus be different from the axis of rotation of the steering unit and in particular offset by an unchangeable distance from the axis of rotation of the steering unit. In particular, the rotational axis of the steering provider may be configured not to coincide with the steering provider.

The heavy load vehicle may further comprise a steering plate arranged for rotation relative to the frame of the heavy load vehicle about a fixed axis of rotation in dependence on a steering angle of the heavy load vehicle, wherein the steering actuator is connected to the steering plate eccentrically to the axis of rotation of the steering plate. For example, a steering plate connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a first vehicle section pivotable relative to the frame of the heavy load vehicle can rotate together with the first vehicle section, i.e. in the same manner, relative to the frame of the heavy load vehicle when the first vehicle section rotates relative to the frame of the heavy load vehicle. Such rotation of the steering plate may cause the steering actuator to rotate at the same angle as the steering plate with respect to the frame of the heavy load vehicle. For this purpose, the steering actuator can be designed as a lever which is connected to the steering plate in a positionally fixed and rotationally fixed manner and about which the coupling unit can be mounted pivotably on its side facing away from the steering unit.

In a further development of the invention, the heavy-duty vehicle can comprise a further steering device and the steering unit can be connected both to the steering device and to the further steering device, wherein the length-variable adjustment unit of the steering unit can be provided for displacing at least one connection section assigned to the steering device, in particular all connection sections assigned to the steering device, relative to the axis of rotation of the steering unit. Thus, the invention makes it possible to actuate two steering devices, for example, independently of one another, by a single displacement of the steering output. In this case, the variable-length adjustment unit of the steering unit, which is assigned to the steering device, can be set to the steering angle entered by the steering output or to the transmission ratio between the angle of rotation of the steering unit and the steering of the steering device. The transmission ratio associated with the further steering device can be kept constant. It is conceivable here for the length-variable adjusting unit to convert the direction of rotation in a first direction (for example to the left) differently from the direction of rotation in a second direction (for example to the right). This can be achieved, for example, by a variable-length adjusting unit having at least two variable-length sections and a piston-cylinder arrangement, for example, single-acting or double-acting, assigned to the respective variable-length section.

The steering unit can furthermore comprise a further variable-length adjusting unit, which is provided for displacing at least one connecting section, in particular all connecting sections, associated with the further steering device relative to the axis of rotation of the steering unit.

At least one of the variable-length adjustment units of the steering unit can be provided for synchronously displacing the pair of connecting sections relative to the axis of rotation of the steering unit. This means that activation of the length-variable adjustment unit can cause the pair of connecting sections to be displaced simultaneously and in particular to the same extent relative to the axis of rotation of the steering unit. In this way, the two steering circuits of the steering device, which must be present, for example, on the basis of the regulations and/or standards to be complied with, can be actuated in a synchronized manner in order to thereby achieve the same steering effect of the steering device by means of the two steering circuits.

Advantageously, the direction of the change in length of at least one, in particular each, variable-length adjustment unit of the steering unit is oriented orthogonally to the axis of rotation of the steering unit. The direction of length change is understood here to mean the direction or axis along which the at least one length-variable adjusting unit is extended or shortened. The direction of the length change oriented orthogonally to the axis of rotation of the steering unit can have a positive effect in particular on the installation space required for the steering unit.

In particular, at least one of the length-variable adjusting units can be designed as a hydraulic cylinder or as a double cylinder, or as a spindle drive or as a double spindle drive, or as a rack drive, or as a linear unit, or as a slide unit. The double cylinder can be a cylinder with a single chamber, in which two pistons are arranged, or a cylinder with a centrally separate chamber, i.e. two chambers, for example, in which a piston is arranged in each chamber. The dual spindle drive may be, for example, a spindle drive comprising one spindle which along a first section comprises a thread with a first direction of rotation and along a second section comprises a thread with a second direction of rotation opposite to the first direction of rotation, such that a spindle nut arranged on the first section is displaced opposite to a spindle nut arranged on the second section when the spindle is rotated. In this example, the connection section may be connected with the spindle nut to cause displacement of the spindle nut. Although in this drive the spindle is merely rotated, so that the spindle nut is displaced on the spindle, this drive is likewise regarded as "variable in length" because the two sections of the drive connected to the superordinate assembly are displaced relative to one another.

In the case of a rack drive, for example, a gearwheel rotating about an axis of rotation parallel to the steering unit can engage on both sides with a rack, which in turn is assigned to the connecting sections in each case in order to displace them when the gearwheel is actuated.

In particular, the dual spindle drive and the rack drive can achieve a synchronous operation which can be positively coupled by means of the drive displaceable connecting section.

The slider unit may comprise a slider which is provided, for example, to be displaceable into a predetermined end position of the movement path. Thereby, a hierarchical shift of the connection section can be achieved.

Furthermore, the steering plate may comprise a kingpin and a steering wedge, which are provided for a rotationally fixed engagement with a superordinate assembly, in particular a fifth wheel tractor, which is not part of the heavy load vehicle, wherein in particular the rotational axis of the steering plate may be substantially coaxial to the center axis of the kingpin. If the heavy load-carrying vehicle according to the invention is combined, for example, with a saddle tractor, it is usual for the saddle tractor to have a saddle coupling with which the heavy load-carrying vehicle according to the invention should engage. The counterpart as a fifth wheel coupling usually uses a kingpin, wherein the heavy-duty vehicle is held so as to be rotatable relative to the fifth wheel tractor. In order to avoid such a rotation, it is proposed that the steering wedge of the heavy load vehicle also engages with the saddle coupling of the saddle tractor, for example into a widened opening, via which the kingpin is guided into its end position. If the kingpin and the steering wedge engage with the fifth wheel coupling, the steering of the fifth wheel tractor is transmitted via the kingpin and the steering wedge to the steering plate. The steering plate, which is mounted so as to be rotatable about a positionally fixed rotational axis relative to the frame of the heavy-duty vehicle, can transmit the steering of the fifth wheel tractor to a steering output (or steering actuator), which, by means of its displacement, brings about a steering of the steering device(s), which is converted as a function of the position of the variable-length adjusting unit(s).

Furthermore, the rotation of the steering plate about the axis of rotation of the steering plate and thereby the rotation of the steering unit about the axis of rotation of the steering unit relative to the frame of the heavy load vehicle may be equally oriented with respect to its respective turning direction. This can be achieved in particular in that the coupling unit receives a displacement of the steering output from the steering output on the same side with respect to a plane extending through the rotational axis of the steering unit and the rotational axis of the steering output, and transmits the displacement of the steering output to the steering unit. However, it is also conceivable that the two directions of rotation are opposite, for example due to specific position requirements.

Advantageously, the at least one length-variable adjustment unit of the steering unit can be arranged outside the steering plate, viewed in a direction orthogonal to the axis of rotation of the steering plate. In the case where the steering plate is configured as a circular disk, a direction orthogonal to the rotation axis of the steering plate may correspond to a radial direction of the steering plate. The arrangement of the steering unit outside the steering plate may help to protect the steering unit from damage, since the steering unit itself, i.e. the steering unit together with its axis of rotation, does not rotate relative to the frame of the heavy load vehicle. Furthermore, collisions with other rotating components arranged on the frame of the heavy load vehicle can thereby be reduced or avoided.

In a further development of the invention, at least one steering device connected to the steering unit comprises a hydraulic circuit, and at least one of the connection sections associated with the steering device can be connected to a piston-cylinder arrangement, wherein the piston-cylinder arrangement can be arranged in such a way that a rotation of the steering unit about the axis of rotation of the steering unit causes a relative displacement of the cylinder and the piston of the piston-cylinder arrangement, as a result of which the hydraulic circuit of the steering device can be actuated. The use of a piston-cylinder arrangement at the connecting section may be a space-saving possibility to transfer the rotation of the steering unit to the steering device.

In this case, a displacement of the piston and cylinder of the piston-cylinder arrangement arranged on the steering unit can push out fluid present in the cylinder of the piston-cylinder arrangement from the cylinder into the fluid line or suck it from the fluid line into the cylinder, wherein a further piston-cylinder arrangement connected to the respective piston-cylinder arrangement via the fluid line can be caused to perform a relative displacement of the piston and cylinder of the further piston-cylinder arrangement coupled to the piston-cylinder arrangement arranged on the steering unit. If, for example, fluid is displaced out of the cylinder as a result of a rotation of the steering unit and a displacement of the piston in the cylinder of the piston-cylinder arrangement arranged there in relation to this rotation, the same amount of fluid is displaced into the cylinder of the further piston-cylinder arrangement, whereby the piston and the steering device connected thereto are actuated. In the case that the inner diameters of the cylinders of the piston-cylinder arrangement arranged at the steering unit and the cylinders of the further piston-cylinder arrangement are identical to one another, the displacement paths of the respective pistons can also be identical.

Furthermore, each steering device may be assigned two piston-cylinder arrangements, one of which is connected to the steering unit on each side of a central plane extending through the rotational axis of the steering unit, in particular at one of the symmetrically arranged connecting sections. As mentioned above, it may be necessary to operate each steering device in a redundant manner, for example due to regulations and/or standards to be complied with. This can be achieved, for example, by two steering circuits of the steering device, which are actuated in a synchronized manner, in order to thus achieve the same steering effect of the steering device by means of the two steering circuits. Here, as the steering unit rotates, the piston-cylinder arrangement may push in on one side of the center plane (i.e., fluid is expelled from the cylinder), while the piston-cylinder arrangement may push out on the other side of the center plane (i.e., fluid is drawn into the cylinder). As already described above, in the case of a piston-cylinder arrangement which is arranged opposite with respect to its ejection direction, such an insertion or ejection of the piston-cylinder arrangement causes a correspondingly opposite actuation of the respective further piston-cylinder arrangement. The central plane divides the steering unit into two halves substantially symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation of the steering unit, i.e. the central plane can also be regarded as a plane of symmetry of the connecting section.

In this case, the respective end of the piston-cylinder arrangement opposite the steering unit can be mounted so as to be rotatable about a common axis on the same side of the plane, which axis is in particular substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the steering unit. In this way, it is possible in a simple manner to realize that the piston-cylinder arrangement arranged on the steering unit assumes a position in which all steering devices are driven identically.

It is also added that the heavy load vehicle may also comprise a sensor device, which is provided for acquiring the steering angle of the heavy load vehicle. Thus, the sensing means may for example be arranged for detecting when a driver of a heavy load vehicle turns into a curve. Since the heavy load-carrying vehicle according to the invention, which is designed here as a trailer, does not yet enter a curve at this point in time and therefore should continue to travel straight within a certain distance to the curve, the adjusting/control unit connected to the sensor device actuates the at least one variable-length adjusting unit in such a way that a relative rotation between the tractor and the trailer does not lead to an actuation of the steering device of the trailer. In other words, the relative rotation between the tractor and the trailer can be compensated by one or more adjustment units of variable length.

In addition, the sensor device of the heavy load vehicle can be provided here for determining, for example, from the known length of the heavy load vehicle and the known speed of the heavy load vehicle, at which point in time the heavy load vehicle according to the invention, here configured as a trailer, is driven into a curve. At this point in time, the adjustment/control unit can actuate the length-variable adjustment unit such that the steering device(s) of the trailer are actuated as a function of the radius of the curve, wherein in particular the steering wheel of the tractor or the angle of rotation between tractor and trailer remains constant. A similar situation can of course apply for driving out of a curve, in which the driver of the tractor sets the steering of the tractor to straight travel, while the steering device or devices of the trailer should further remain set to curve travel until exiting from the curve.

The above-mentioned properties are also generally known under the concept "re-steering". However, the present invention may achieve a reduction in the means required for said re-steering, such as a corresponding "steering flange".

It is of course likewise conceivable for the wheels which are actuated by the steering device of a heavy load-carrying vehicle, for example configured as a trailer, to be actuated in the opposite direction to the steering of the wheels of the tractor vehicle, in order to be able to achieve a correspondingly smaller turning radius.

Drawings

The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of examples and with reference to the drawings. Here, there are shown:

figure 1 shows a schematic structure of a heavy load vehicle according to the invention;

fig. 2 shows a detail of an embodiment of a heavy load vehicle according to the invention according to fig. 1 in a perspective view;

FIG. 3 illustrates a detail of FIG. 2 in a further perspective view;

FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the detail of FIG. 2;

fig. 5 shows a section, in particular a rear section, of a heavy load vehicle according to the invention;

fig. 6 shows a further embodiment of a section, in particular a rear section, of a heavy load vehicle according to the invention.

Detailed Description

In fig. 1, a heavy load vehicle according to the invention is generally indicated by reference numeral 10. The heavy load vehicle 10 is here constructed as a fifth-wheel trailer which is connected to a fifth-wheel tractor 12 which does not form part of the invention. The fifth tractor 12 rotates relative to the fifth trailer 10 about a rotational axis a, on which the fifth tractor 12 is connected to the fifth trailer 10, by an angle α.

Now, fig. 2 shows in detail how the steering of the fifth tractor 12 is transferred to the fifth trailer 10.

In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the fifth wheel 10 comprises a steering plate 14, which is mounted on the fifth wheel 10 so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis a. The steering plate 14 is connected to the fifth wheel tractor 12 in a rotationally fixed manner.

The steering presenter 16 is arranged on the steering plate 14. The steering cam 16, which is embodied here as a steering actuator 16, is arranged at a fixed distance from the axis of rotation a. A coupling unit 18, which is designed here as a coupling rod 18, is arranged on and around the steering follower 16 so as to be pivotable about the pivot axis B. On the end of the coupling unit 18 opposite the steering output 16, said coupling unit is likewise connected pivotably to the steering unit 20.

The steering unit 20 is connected to the heavy load vehicle 10 or its frame in a positionally fixed but rotatable manner about an axis of rotation C (see fig. 3). This means that the distance between the axis of rotation a and the axis of rotation C is not variable.

When the steering plate 14 is rotated about the swivel axis a, the coupling unit 18 is displaced together with the steering actuator 16, whereby the steering unit 20 is provided for rotation about the swivel axis C.

The steering unit 20 has a connecting section 22 at its outer end, at which the steering unit 20 is connected in an articulated manner to a piston-cylinder arrangement 24, 26, 28 and 30. The piston-cylinder arrangements 24, 26, 28 and 30 are connected with the heavy load vehicle 10 at their ends opposite the steering unit 20 about a respective common pivot axis D or D'. A rotation of the steering unit 20 about the axis of rotation C therefore results in the piston-cylinder arrangements 24 and 28 arranged on one side of the steering unit 20 being, for example, moved out, that is to say the piston rods connected to the connecting section 22 are displaced from their respective cylinders, while the piston-cylinder arrangements 26 and 30 are retracted. In the illustrated embodiment, the piston-cylinder arrangement is configured as a double-acting hydraulic cylinder.

The steering unit 20 comprises a length-variable adjusting unit 32, which is provided to displace the connecting section 22 connected to the adjusting unit away from or onto the axis of rotation C, i.e. to vary the respective distance of the connecting section 22 connected to the length-variable adjusting unit 32 relative to the axis of rotation C.

Depending on the set distance of the connecting section 22 relative to the axis of rotation C, the lever of the steering unit 20 is changed to a piston-cylinder arrangement 24 to 30. In other words, the distance of the connecting section 22 from the axis of rotation C can set a ratio by which the piston of the respective piston-cylinder arrangement is displaced at a specific angle of rotation of the steering unit 20. Since a change in the amount of fluid present in the respective chamber of the respective piston-cylinder arrangement 24 to 30 causes a proportional actuation of the associated steering device, a transmission ratio of the angle α between the fifth tractor 12 and the fifth truck 10 to the degree of actuation of the steering device associated with the variable-length adjusting unit 32 can be set by means of the above-described ratio.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2, the piston-cylinder arrangements 24 and 26 are assigned to a first steering gear of the heavy-duty vehicle 10 and the piston-cylinder arrangements 28 and 30 are assigned to a second steering gear of the heavy-duty vehicle 10, wherein, in addition, in the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2, only the first steering gear is assigned a length-variable adjusting unit 32, so that only the first steering gear of the heavy-duty vehicle 10 comprises a steering gear having a settable transmission ratio.

In this case, the arrangement of the two piston-cylinder arrangements 24, 26 or 28, 30 for a respective single steering gear complies with the respective regulations, which must be complied with in german road traffic, for example. Of course, the same effect can be obtained using only the piston-cylinder arrangements 24 and 28 or 26 and 30 (or 24 and 30 or 26 and 28).

The arrangement shown in fig. 2 is shown in fig. 3 in a perspective view from below. It can be seen here that the deflector plate 14 has on its underside a kingpin 34 centered on the axis of rotation a and a deflector wedge 36 which is fixedly connected to the underside of the deflector plate 14. The steering plate 14 can be connected to the saddle coupling, not shown, in a rotationally fixed manner by the engagement of the kingpin 34 and the steering wedge 36 with the latter, for example.

Furthermore, in fig. 3, a pin 38 can also be seen, which on the underside shown in fig. 3 can be connected to the frame of the heavy-duty vehicle 10 by screwing and which defines a rotation axis C about which the steering unit 20 can be rotated.

Fig. 4 shows an alternative or additional arrangement of the connecting section 22. In the embodiment shown in fig. 4, although the adjusting unit 32 according to the embodiment of fig. 2 and 3 is also shown here, the connection section 22, at which the steering follower 16 or the coupling unit 18 connected to the steering follower 16 is connected, can be displaced relative to the axis of rotation C of the steering unit 20, so that the transmission ratio of the rotation of the steering plate 14 about the axis of rotation a to the rotation of the steering unit 20 about the axis of rotation C changes.

Fig. 5 shows a section, in particular a rear section, of a heavy load vehicle 10 according to the invention, wherein here two piston-cylinder arrangements 40 are used as steering followers 16 in order to exert a force on the steering unit 20 in order to rotate the steering unit 20 about the rotation axis C. The two piston-cylinder arrangements 40 are implemented in a redundant manner here, and it is likewise conceivable to provide only one piston-cylinder arrangement 40.

The steering unit 20 is connected in fig. 5 via a connecting rod 42 to a pivot lever 44 which is supported about an axis of rotation E on the frame of the heavy-duty vehicle 10. The two steering rods 46 are in turn connected with the pivot levers 44, which steering rods are each coupled with a turntable 48 of a respective wheel assembly (not shown) comprising at least one wheel, such that a displacement of the steering rods 46, in particular substantially in the vehicle width direction, causes a rotation of the wheel assembly relative to the frame of the heavy load vehicle 10. The term "turntable" here can also be applied to the turntable of the pivot axis and to the steering arm of the steering arm shaft.

Now, in order to implement the basic idea of the invention, i.e. to set the transmission ratio between the force or displacement distance input by the respective steering provider 16 and the force or displacement distance output to the respective wheel assembly, the length-variable adjusting unit 32 can be arranged on the connecting section 22 between the steering provider 16 (that is to say at least one of the piston-cylinder arrangements 40 in fig. 5) and the steering unit 20, and/or on the connecting section 22 between the steering unit 20 and the support about the axis of rotation C, and/or on the connecting section 22 between the steering unit 20 and the connecting rod 42, and/or on the connecting section 22 between the connecting rod 42 and the pivot lever 44, and/or on the connecting section 22 between the pivot lever 44 and the support about the axis of rotation E, and/or on the connecting section 22 between the pivot lever 44 and the steering rod 46, and/or on the connecting section 22 between the steering rod 46 and the wheel assembly or turntable 48 or the element connected thereto.

In the embodiment of the heavy load vehicle 10 shown in fig. 6, the steering unit 20 is arranged offset from the center in the vehicle width direction of the heavy load vehicle 10. In this connection, reference may be made to the embodiment described above with regard to the features and mode of action and possible arrangement of the connecting section 22 of the embodiment shown in fig. 6. In the embodiment according to fig. 6, the steering follower 16 is likewise designed as a piston-cylinder arrangement 40.