阅读说明：本技术 一种电子束冷床熔炼中空钛锭的水冷坩埚及其应用 (Water-cooled crucible for smelting hollow titanium ingot by electron beam cold bed and application thereof ) 是由 肖强 刘振军 吴东辉 李新宇 王嘉阳 于航 李东芳 于 2020-12-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种电子束冷床熔炼中空钛锭的水冷坩埚及其应用,属于冶金金属技术领域。本发明结合钛合金先进熔炼技术,对水冷坩埚进行改进,提供一种可将金属锭坯通过加热后熔铸成内部中空的金属铸锭,避免机加钻孔等工序,实现短流程管坯制造的方法。本发明所提供的水冷坩埚包括外壁、内芯和底托,其中外壁和内芯带有水冷循环系统,底托通过拉锭机构对已凝固中空钛锭进行托拉动作。本发明提供的水冷坩埚制备中空钛锭轴向尺寸可达4米,且由于水冷坩埚的外壁和内芯均具有水冷系统,使得熔铸出的中空锭坯微观组织细小,为后续产品处理提供了有利保障。(The invention discloses a water-cooled crucible for smelting a hollow titanium ingot by an electron beam cold bed and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of metallurgical metal. The invention combines the advanced smelting technology of titanium alloy, improves the water-cooled crucible, and provides a method which can heat and cast a metal ingot blank into a metal ingot with a hollow inner part, avoids the working procedures of machining, drilling and the like and realizes the manufacture of a short-flow tube blank. The water-cooled crucible provided by the invention comprises an outer wall, an inner core and a bottom support, wherein the outer wall and the inner core are provided with water-cooled circulating systems, and the bottom support is used for supporting and pulling a solidified hollow titanium ingot through an ingot pulling mechanism. The axial size of the hollow titanium ingot prepared by the water-cooled crucible provided by the invention can reach 4 meters, and the water-cooled crucible has the water-cooled system on the outer wall and the inner core, so that the microstructure of the hollow ingot blank which is subjected to melt casting is fine, and the water-cooled crucible provides a favorable guarantee for subsequent product treatment.)

1. The utility model provides a water-cooling crucible of cavity titanium ingot is smelted to electron beam cold bed, its characterized in that, this water-cooling crucible includes outer wall 1, inner core 2 and collet 3, and outer wall 1 is hollow cylindric, and inner core 2 is for having the column structure of tapering, and inner core 2 coaxial series dress is in outer wall 1, and annular collet 3 is located between outer wall 1 and the inner core 2 and the suit is outside inner core 2, and the below of inner core 2 and the below of collet 3 are connected with drawing spindle mechanism respectively.

2. The water-cooled crucible for smelting the hollow titanium ingot by the electron beam cold bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the outer wall 1 comprises a steel outer wall 1-3 and a copper inner wall 1-4, the steel outer wall 1-3 and the copper inner wall 1-4 are connected by bolts in a fastening manner to form a hollow cylindrical structure, the upper end of the steel outer wall 1-3 is communicated with a circulating cooling water outlet pipe 1-2, and the lower end of the steel outer wall 1-3 is communicated with a circulating cooling water inlet pipe 1-1.

3. The water-cooled crucible for melting the hollow titanium ingot by the electron beam cold bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner core 2 comprises a barrel-shaped copper outer side wall 2-1, a cooling water pipeline 2-2 and a bottom plate 2-3, the bottom plate 2-3 is provided with a water inlet 2-4 and a water outlet 2-5, and the water inlet 2-4 and the water outlet 2-5 are respectively communicated with the cooling water pipeline 2-2.

4. The water-cooled crucible for melting the hollow titanium ingot by the electron beam cold bed as claimed in claim 1 or 3, wherein the upper end of the inner core 2 is a large-diameter end, the lower end of the inner core 2 is a small-diameter end, and the taper of the inner core 2 is controlled between 0.3 and 1 degree.

5. The water-cooled crucible for smelting the hollow titanium ingot by the electron beam cold bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom support 3 comprises a base 3-1, a top support 3-2 and an inverted cone 3-3, and the base 3-1, the top support 3-2 and the inverted cone 3-3 are stacked sequentially from bottom to top and then fastened by bolts to form an annular bottom support 3.

6. The water-cooled crucible for smelting the hollow titanium ingot by the electron beam cold bed as claimed in claim 5, wherein the base 3-1 and the top 3-2 are annular structures, the top end surface of the base 3-1 and the bottom end surface of the top 3-2 are provided with annular grooves, the base 3-1 and the top 3-2 are arranged oppositely to form a cavity of a cooling water channel, a water inlet and a water outlet of the cooling water channel are located at the bottom of the base 3-1, and a joint of the base 3-1 and the top 3-2 is a sealing groove structure.

7. The method for smelting a hollow titanium ingot by using the water-cooled crucible as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the method is carried out by using an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace, firstly, a titanium material is heated by using a three-gun electron beam, then, molten titanium is poured into the water-cooled crucible, the electron beam scanning is stopped after a bottom support 3 is pulled to a specified height by an ingot pulling mechanism, then, the bottom support 3 and an inner core 2 are pulled to a position below an upper furnace body of the smelting furnace by the ingot pulling mechanism, after the temperature of the furnace is cooled to 300 ℃, the upper part of the furnace body is separated from the lower part of the furnace body, the lower furnace body, the hollow ingot and the inner core are pushed out of the furnace body by a hydraulic conveying device, then, the inner core 2 at the upper part of the.

8. The method for smelting the hollow titanium ingot through the water-cooled crucible according to claim 7, wherein the process parameters in the fusion casting process are set as follows: the specification of the electrode section is 370mm multiplied by 370mm, and the electrode feeding speed is 10 mm/min-15 mm/min; the No. 1 electron gun is used for melting metal raw materials, and the melting power is 240 KW-270 KW; the No. 2 electron gun is used for heating a hollow ingot in the crystallizer, and the refining power is 120 KW-150 KW; the 3# electron gun is used for providing a heat source for molten titanium in the cooling bed, and the heating power of a crystallization area is 60-90 KW; ingot pulling speed range: 20 mm/min-50 mm/min.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a water-cooled crucible for smelting a hollow titanium ingot by an electron beam cold bed and application thereof, belonging to the technical field of metal metallurgy.

Background

In recent years, the demand of the fields of aerospace and the like on the seamless titanium pipe is urgent, and the defects of complex process flow, low material utilization rate and the like exist in the aspect of the production of the seamless titanium pipe at home; and the technology of extruding and spin-rolling the tube by using the hollow cast ingot as the tube blank is not applicable to batch production due to the technical limitations of uniformity of alloy components in electron beam melting, continuous lubrication and the like.

Therefore, it is necessary to provide a water-cooled crucible for melting a hollow titanium ingot by an electron beam cold bed, which can heat and melt a metal ingot blank into a hollow metal ingot, avoid machining, drilling and other processes, and realize short-process tube blank manufacturing, and an application thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a formed water-cooled crucible suitable for smelting a large-size hollow ingot by an electron beam cold bed and an application method thereof.

The utility model provides a water-cooling crucible of cavity titanium ingot is smelted to electron beam cold bed, the crucible includes outer wall 1, inner core 2 and collet 3, outer wall 1 is hollow wall and for cylindricly, and inner core 2 is for having the column structure of tapering, and the coaxial suit of inner core is in outer wall 1, and annular collet 3 of ring is for being located between outer wall 1 and the inner core 2, and the suit is outside inner core 2, and the below of inner core 2 and the below of collet 3 are connected with drawing spindle mechanism respectively.

Further, the outer wall 1 comprises a steel outer side wall 1-3 and a copper inner side wall 1-4, the steel outer side wall 1-3 and the copper inner side wall 1-4 are in a hollow structure through bolt fastening connection, the upper end of the steel outer side wall 1-3 is communicated with a circulating cooling water outlet pipe 1-2, and the lower end of the steel outer side wall 1-3 is communicated with a circulating cooling water inlet pipe 1-1.

Further, the inner core 2 comprises a barrel-shaped copper outer side wall 2-1, a cooling water pipeline 2-2 and a bottom plate 2-3, wherein the bottom plate 2-3 is provided with a water inlet 2-4 and a water outlet 2-5.

Further, the upper end of the inner core 2 is a small-diameter end, and the lower end of the inner core 2 is a large-diameter end.

Further, the bottom support 3 comprises a base 3-1, a top support 3-2 and an inverted cone groove 3-3, wherein the base 3-1, the top support 3-2 and the inverted cone groove 3-3 are sequentially stacked on the lower island and then fastened through bolts to form the annular bottom support 3 with the inverted cone groove structure.

Furthermore, the base 3-1 and the top support 3-2 are of circular ring structures, the top end face of the base 3-1 and the bottom end face of the top support 3-2 are provided with circular grooves, the base 3-1 and the top support 3-2 are arranged up and down oppositely to form a cooling water channel cavity, a water inlet and a water outlet of the cooling water channel are positioned at the bottom of the base 3-1, and the joint of the base 3-1 and the top support 3-2 is of a sealing groove structure.

The method for smelting the hollow titanium ingot by using the water-cooled crucible is carried out by adopting an electron beam cold bed smelting furnace, firstly, a three-gun electron beam is adopted to heat a titanium material, then, molten titanium is poured into the water-cooled crucible, a bottom support 3 is pulled to a specified height by an ingot pulling mechanism, then, electron beam scanning is stopped, then, the bottom support 3 and an inner core 2 are pulled down to the position below an upper furnace body of the smelting furnace by the ingot pulling mechanism, after the temperature of the furnace is cooled to 300 ℃, the upper part and the lower part of the furnace body are separated, a lower furnace body, the hollow ingot and the inner core are pushed out of the furnace body by a hydraulic conveying device, then, the inner core 2 at the upper part of the ingot is detached.

Further, the process parameters in the fusion casting process are set as follows: the specification of the electrode section is 370mm multiplied by 370mm, and the electrode feeding speed is 10 mm/min-15 mm/min; the No. 1 electron gun is used for melting metal raw materials, and the melting power is 240 KW-270 KW; the No. 2 electron gun is used for heating a hollow ingot in the crystallizer, and the refining power is 120 KW-150 KW; the 3# electron gun is used for providing a heat source for molten titanium in the cooling bed, and the heating power of a crystallization area is 60-90 KW; ingot pulling speed range: 20 mm/min-50 mm/min.

The invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention combines the advanced smelting technology of titanium alloy, improves the water-cooled crucible, solves the related problems in the field of titanium alloy pipe manufacturing, and provides the forming method of the large-size hollow ingot. The axial size of the hollow titanium ingot prepared by the water-cooled crucible can reach 4 meters, and the outer wall and the inner core of the water-cooled crucible are both provided with water-cooling systems, so that the microstructure of the hollow ingot blank obtained by melt casting is fine, and a favorable guarantee is provided for subsequent product treatment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an axial sectional structure of a water-cooled copper crucible;

FIG. 2 is a bottom view of a water-cooled copper crucible;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the operating region of an electron gun in the electron beam cold hearth furnace according to example 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the structure of an electron beam cold hearth furnace in accordance with embodiment 1;

in the figure, 1-outer wall, 1-1-circulating cooling water inlet pipe, 1-2-circulating cooling water outlet pipe, 1-3-steel outer side wall, 1-4-copper inner side wall, 2-inner core, 2-1-copper outer side wall, 2-2-cooling water pipeline, 2-3-bottom plate, 2-4-water inlet, 2-5-water outlet, 3-bottom support, 3-1-base, 3-2-top support and 3-3-inverted cone groove.

Detailed Description

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are conventional unless otherwise specified. The scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can substitute or change the technical solution of the present invention and the inventive concept within the technical scope of the present invention.

Example 1:

as can be known from figures 1 and 2, the crucible includes outer wall 1, inner core 2 and collet 3, and outer wall 1 is hollow wall and for cylindricly, and inner core 2 is the columnar structure that has the tapering, and the coaxial cluster of inner core 2 is adorned in outer wall 1, and the annular collet 3 of ring is for being located between outer wall 1 and the inner core 2, and the suit is outside inner core 2, and the below of inner core 2 and the below of collet 3 respectively with draw spindle mechanism to be connected.

The outer wall 1 comprises steel outer side walls 1-3 and copper inner side walls 1-4, the steel outer side walls 1-3 and the copper inner side walls 1-4 are in a hollow structure through bolt fastening connection, the upper ends of the steel outer side walls 1-3 are communicated with circulating cooling water outlet pipes 1-2, the lower ends of the steel outer side walls 1-3 are communicated with circulating cooling water inlet pipes 1-1, and the circulating cooling water pipes are in butt joint and sealing through flanges and sealing rings.

The inner core 2 comprises a barrel-shaped copper outer side wall 2-1, a cooling water pipeline 2-2 and a bottom plate 2-3, wherein the bottom plate 2-3 is provided with a water inlet 2-4 and a water outlet 2-5. The upper end of the inner core 2 is a small-diameter end, and the lower end of the inner core 2 is a large-diameter end.

The base 3 comprises a base 3-1, a supporting top 3-2 and an inverted cone groove 3-3, the base 3-1, the supporting top 3-2 and the inverted cone groove 3-3 are sequentially stacked from bottom to top and then fastened through bolts to form an annular base 3 with an inverted cone groove structure, the base 3-1 and the supporting top 3-2 are of an annular structure, annular grooves are formed in the top end face of the base 3-1 and the bottom end face of the supporting top 3-2, the base 3-1 and the supporting top 3-2 are oppositely arranged from top to bottom to form a cooling water channel cavity, a water inlet and a water outlet of the cooling water channel are located at the bottom of the base 3-1, and the joint of the base 3-1 and the supporting top 3-2 is of a sealing groove structure.

The method for smelting the hollow titanium ingot by using the water-cooled crucible is characterized in that three-gun electron beams are adopted for heating in the smelting process as shown in figure 3, wherein a No. 1 electron gun is used for melting metal raw materials, and the smelting power is 240 KW-270 KW; the No. 2 electron gun is used for heating a hollow ingot in the crystallizer, and the refining power is 120 KW-150 KW; the 3# electron gun is used for providing a heat source for molten titanium in the cooling bed, and the heating power of a crystallization area is 60 KW-90 KW. As shown in fig. 4, molten titanium is poured into a water-cooled crucible, a bottom support 3 is pulled to a specified height by an ingot pulling mechanism, then electron beam scanning is stopped, then the bottom support 3 and an inner core 2 are pulled down to the position below an upper furnace body of a smelting furnace by the ingot pulling mechanism, after the temperature is cooled to 300 ℃ along with the furnace, the upper part and the lower part of the furnace body are separated, a lower furnace body, a hollow ingot and the inner core are pushed out of the furnace body by a hydraulic conveying device, then the inner core 2 on the upper part of the ingot is unloaded, and then the bottom support 3 is unloaded to obtain the hollow titanium. Wherein the specification of the section of the electrode is 370mm multiplied by 370mm, and the feeding speed of the electrode is 10 mm/min-15 mm/min.

The smelting process adopts three-gun electron beam heating, molten titanium liquid is poured into a copper crucible, and the bottom support is periodically pulled down, so that the casting process of the hollow ingot blank is realized. And the outer wall 1 and the inner core 2 of the water-cooled crucible are both provided with water-cooling systems, so that the microstructure of the hollow ingot blank which is cast by melting is fine, and the beneficial guarantee is provided for the short-flow treatment of subsequent products.