阅读说明：本技术 一种减轻泄洪雾化程度的装置和方法 (Device and method for reducing flood discharge atomization degree ) 是由 梁勤正 王东 刘后露 金浩博 郭广鑫 于 2020-12-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种减轻泄洪雾化程度的装置和方法,通过功能建筑物(1)利用汛期廉价的水、电资源,制造冰晶颗粒,由喷射管(2)将其喷射到浓雾区上方,首先,借助低温冰晶气流加速雾化区域的降温消能,降低雾化水滴能量而约束其扩散,其次冰晶颗粒作为凝结核,加速雾化水滴的结合、降落,共同作用将雾化程度限制在工程允许的范围之内,减轻大坝下游的雾化程度、避免相应的雾化危害,节约传统防雾化工程成本,相比已有的相关发明,本设计结合利用了大坝汛期的低成本水、电资源,更加地因地制宜,具有更高的可行性和更低的运行成本。本装置与方法既可以用于已建工程的雾化病害治理,也可以作为新建高坝工程的防雾化专门水工建筑物。(A device and method for reducing atomization degree of flood discharge, utilize water, electric resource cheap in flood season through the functional building (1), make the ice crystal granule, spray above dense fog area by the injection pipe (2), first, accelerate the cooling dissipation of the atomization area with the help of the low-temperature ice crystal airstream, reduce the energy of atomized water droplet and restrain its diffusion, second the ice crystal granule is as the condensation nucleus, accelerate the combination, drop of atomized water droplet, the combined action limits the atomization degree in the scope that the project allows, reduce the atomization degree of dam low reaches, avoid the corresponding atomization to endanger, save the project cost of traditional atomization prevention, compare the existing related invention, this design combines and utilizes low-cost water, electric resource of dam flood season, make things convenient for ground more, have higher feasibility and lower running cost. The device and the method can be used for atomizing disease treatment of the built project and can also be used as an anti-atomizing special hydraulic building of a newly-built high dam project.)

1. A device and method for reducing atomization degree of flood discharge are characterized in that: utilize low temperature ice crystal air current to alleviate flood discharge atomizing degree, the device includes functional building (1), injection pipe (2), connecting pipe (3), anchorage device (4).

2. A device and method for reducing the degree of atomization in flood discharges according to claim 1, wherein: the functional building (1) comprises a control room (5), a refrigeration room (6), an ice crushing room (7), an air pressure room (8) and a mixing room (9); the functional buildings (1) are symmetrically arranged on bank slopes with proper elevations on two banks at the downstream of the dam, the elevations of the functional buildings are higher than the top of the dense fog area by proper distances, and a plurality of functional buildings are arranged at intervals according to the length of the fog area.

3. A device and method for reducing the degree of atomization in flood discharges according to claim 2, wherein: the control room (5) regulates and controls a water supply, power supply, material supply and air pressure system of the functional building (1) where the control room is located, and is connected with the reservoir through the connecting pipe (3).

4. A device and method for reducing the degree of atomization in flood discharges according to claim 2, wherein: the refrigerating chamber (6) contains ice making equipment (10), a conveyor belt (11) and ice storage equipment (12); the refrigerating chamber (6) is used for manufacturing ice blocks with proper size by using the ice-making device (10) and placing the ice blocks in the ice-storing device (12) before the flood discharge starts, and the ice blocks are sent to the ice-crushing chamber (7) through the conveyor belt (11) after the flood discharge starts.

5. A device and method for reducing the degree of atomization in flood discharges according to claim 2, wherein: the ice crushing chamber (7) is provided with an ice crushing device (13) for crushing ice into ice crystal particles with proper diameters, the ice crushing chamber (7) is connected with the refrigerating chamber (6), and after flood discharge starts, the ice blocks are sent to the ice crushing device (13) to be prepared into the ice crystal particles with proper diameters and sent to the mixing chamber (9).

6. A device and method for reducing the degree of atomization in flood discharges according to claim 2, wherein: an air pressure device (14) is arranged in the air pressure chamber (8), compressed air is produced to provide power for spraying the ice crystals, and the air pressure device is connected with the mixing chamber (9).

7. A device and method for reducing the degree of atomization in flood discharges according to claim 2, wherein: the mixing chamber (9) comprises a feeding funnel (15) and a feeding pipe (16), the feeding funnel (15) is connected with ice crystal particles produced in the ice crushing chamber (7), and the lower end of the feeding funnel is connected with the feeding pipe (16); one end of the feeding pipe (16) is connected with the outlet of the air compression device (14), and the other end is connected with the injection pipe (2); the mixing chamber (9) is connected with the ice crushing chamber (7) and the air pressure chamber (8), ice crystal particles are mixed with compressed air, and then low-temperature ice crystal airflow is formed and sent to the jet pipe (2).

8. A device and method for reducing the degree of atomization in flood discharges according to claim 1, wherein: the spraying pipes (2) are steel pipes crossing two banks and are connected with the functional building (1) symmetrically arranged on the two banks, the height is slightly higher than the top of the atomization area, the pipeline is provided with three spraying holes (17) of a horizontal hole, a side hole and a bottom hole, wherein the horizontal hole is parallel to the horizontal plane, the bottom hole is vertical to the horizontal plane, the side hole and the horizontal plane form an included angle of 45 degrees, the three holes are arranged in a quincunx shape, the hole diameter is 5-10 mm, and the hole distance is 30 cm; the pipe body is provided with lifting rings (18) at proper intervals.

9. A device and method for reducing the degree of atomization in flood discharges according to claim 1, wherein: the connecting pipe (3) is internally provided with a water supply line, is led out from the reservoir and is used as a water supply source of the whole device.

10. A device and method for reducing the degree of atomization in flood discharges according to claim 1, wherein: an anchorage device (4) is arranged behind the functional building (1) and comprises an anchor block (19), a suspension cable (20) and a suspension cable (21); the anchor blocks (19) are kept stable through self structures and gravity, suspension cables (20) are tensioned on the anchor blocks (19) on two banks, and suspension cables (21) are hung on the suspension cables (20) at proper intervals and penetrate through hanging rings (18) of the jet pipe (2); the stress condition of the injection pipe (2) is improved through the anchorage device (4); the anchor block (19) is a reinforced concrete block, and the suspension cable (20) and the suspension cable (21) are both multi-strand high-strength steel wires.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of dam flood discharge energy dissipation and disease control in water conservancy and hydropower engineering, in particular to a device and a method for reducing the atomization degree of flood discharge.

Background

When the hydraulic structure discharges flood, the excess water in the reservoir needs to be discharged through the water discharge structure, but the water head is raised due to the blocking of the dam, and the water body has a large amount of potential energy. During flood discharge, the potential energy of the water body is converted into kinetic energy to be discharged downstream, and if certain treatment measures are not taken, the huge kinetic energy can damage the stability of a downstream river channel, a bank slope and the like, so that potential safety hazards are caused. Therefore, when the hydraulic structure is designed, different energy dissipation measures can be designed according to specific conditions, and energy dissipation forms of a batch of flip flow collision, such as a wide-tail pier, a narrow-slit flip bucket and the like, are widely applied, so that a better energy dissipation effect is obtained. However, these energy dissipation forms may cause more serious atomization problems, that is, because the high-speed water flow collides to break the water flow, the kinetic energy of the water flow is converted into the kinetic energy of small water drops and the water drops are dispersed into a larger space, and a larger-scale rainfall and mist flow diffusion phenomenon, called flood discharge atomization, occurs in the downstream local area. The reason for this is that energy dissipation is insufficient, and energy dissipation in hydraulic engineering does not eliminate kinetic energy and potential energy of water flow, but converts the kinetic energy and potential energy of water drops in atomized clusters which do not directly impact downstream, and this part of energy causes atomization. The invention provides a method for reducing the atomization degree of flood discharge, which aims to solve the problem that the atomization degree of flood discharge can be reduced by spraying low-temperature ice crystal airflow from the upper part of a dense fog area for atomization of flood discharge, so that atomized water drops are quickly cooled, combined with ice crystals to fall quickly, and further promoted to fall after being collided and combined with lower atomized water drops, thereby limiting the outward diffusion of the atomization area. At present, the idea of reducing the flood discharge atomization of the dam mainly focuses on improving flood discharge scheduling, designing a novel energy dissipater, absorbing moisture, reducing precipitation and the like; and the flood discharge outlet is covered and protected by adopting an air curtain or a water curtain and other methods to reduce flood discharge fog and rain, and the methods have the defects of high construction and operation cost, serious waste and the like. At present, no corresponding system and equipment adopting a cooling method exist.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for reducing the atomization degree of flood discharge.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a device and a method for reducing the atomization degree of flood discharge utilize low-temperature ice crystal airflow to reduce the atomization degree of flood discharge, and the device comprises a functional building, a jet pipe, a connecting pipe and an anchorage device.

The functional building comprises a control room, a refrigeration room, an ice crushing room, an air pressure room and a mixing room; the functional buildings are symmetrically arranged on bank slopes with proper elevations on two banks at the downstream of the dam, the elevations of the functional buildings are higher than the tops of the dense fog areas by proper distances, and a plurality of functional buildings are arranged at intervals according to the length of the atomizing areas.

The control room regulates and controls the water supply, power supply, material supply and air pressure system of the functional building, and is connected with the reservoir through a connecting pipe. The refrigerating chamber comprises an ice making device, a conveying belt and an ice storage device; the refrigeration chamber utilizes the ice-making equipment to make the ice-cube that size is suitable and places in the ice-storing equipment before flood discharge begins, sends the ice-cube to the garrulous ice room through the conveyer belt after the flood discharge begins. The ice crushing chamber is provided with ice crushing equipment for crushing ice blocks into ice crystal particles with proper diameters; the ice crushing chamber is connected with the refrigerating chamber, and after flood discharge is started, ice blocks are sent to ice crushing equipment to be made into ice crystal particles with proper diameters and sent to the mixing chamber. The air compression chamber is internally provided with air compression equipment, compressed air is produced to provide power for spraying the ice crystals, and the air compression equipment is connected with the mixing chamber. The mixing chamber comprises a feeding funnel and a feeding pipe, the feeding funnel is connected with ice crystal particles manufactured in the ice crushing chamber, and the lower end of the feeding funnel is connected with the feeding pipe; one end of the feeding pipe is connected with an outlet of the air compression equipment, and the other end of the feeding pipe is connected with the injection pipe; the mixing chamber is connected with the ice crushing chamber and the air compression chamber, and after ice crystal particles are mixed with compressed air, low-temperature ice crystal airflow is formed and sent to the jet pipe.

The spraying pipes are steel pipes crossing the two banks and are connected with functional buildings symmetrically arranged on the two banks, the height is slightly higher than the top of the atomization area, the pipeline is provided with three spraying holes, namely a horizontal hole, a side hole and a bottom hole, the horizontal hole is parallel to the horizontal plane, the bottom hole is vertical to the horizontal plane, the side hole and the horizontal plane form an included angle of 45 degrees, the three holes are arranged in a quincunx shape, the hole diameter is 5-10 mm, and the hole distance is 30 cm; the pipe body is provided with hanging rings at proper intervals.

The connecting pipe is internally provided with a water supply line which is led out from the reservoir and used as a water supply source of the whole set of device.

An anchorage device is arranged behind the functional building and comprises an anchor block, a suspension cable and a suspension cable; the anchor blocks are kept stable through self structures and gravity, suspension cables are tensioned on the anchor blocks at two banks, and suspension cables are hung on the suspension cables at proper intervals and penetrate through hanging rings of the injection pipes; the stress condition of the injection pipe is improved through the anchorage device; the anchor block is a reinforced concrete block, and the suspension cable are all stranded high-strength steel wires.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the ice crystal particles are manufactured by utilizing cheap water and electric resources in the flood season, the ice crystal particles are sprayed above a flood discharge dense fog area through a spraying pipe crossing two banks, firstly, the cooling energy dissipation of an atomization area is accelerated by virtue of low-temperature ice crystal airflow, the energy of atomized water drops is reduced to restrict the diffusion of the atomized water drops, secondly, the combination and landing of the atomized water drops are accelerated by virtue of the ice crystal particles serving as condensation nuclei, the atomization area and atomized heavy rainfall are limited within a range allowed by engineering under the action of two aspects, the atomization degree of the downstream of a high dam is reduced, the corresponding atomization hazard is avoided, the traditional atomization prevention engineering cost is saved, and a more sufficient space is provided for the optimized arrangement of an engineering scheme. The invention has the advantages of reliable operation, safe and convenient construction and cost saving.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic top view of the inventive arrangement.

Figure 2 is a schematic longitudinal section of the inventive arrangement.

Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional schematic of the inventive arrangement.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the functional building structure of the present invention.

Wherein: 1. the system comprises a functional building, 2 parts of an injection pipe, 3 parts of a connecting pipe, 4 parts of an anchorage device, 5 parts of a control room, 6 parts of a refrigerating room, 7 parts of an ice crushing room, 8 parts of an air compression room, 9 parts of a mixing room, 10 parts of an ice making device, 11 parts of a conveyor belt, 12 parts of an ice storage device, 13 parts of an ice crushing device, 14 parts of an air compression device, 15 parts of a feeding hopper, 16 parts of a feeding pipe, 17 parts of a jet hole, 18 parts of a hanging ring, 19 parts of an anchor block, 20 parts of a hanging rope and 21 parts of a hanging cable.

It should be noted that: fig. 4 is a schematic view showing the internal structure, and a part of the external wall and the top plate of the building are cut open to show that the building should be sealed and insulated in practical application.

Detailed Description

The invention adopts the following structure: a device and a method for reducing flood discharge and atomization of a high dam comprise a functional building 1, a jet pipe 2, a connecting pipe 3 and an anchorage device 4. The functional building 1 comprises a control room 5, a refrigeration room 6, an ice crushing room 7, an air pressure room 8 and a mixing room 9. The control room 5 regulates and controls the water supply, power supply, material supply and air pressure system of the functional building 1 and is connected with the reservoir through the connecting pipe 3. The refrigerating chamber 6 contains an ice making device 10, a conveyor belt 11 and an ice storage device 12. The ice crushing chamber 7 is provided with an ice crushing device 13 for crushing ice into ice crystal particles with proper diameters. An air compression device 14 is arranged in the air pressure chamber 8, and compressed air is produced to provide power for spraying ice crystals. The mixing chamber 9 comprises a feeding funnel 15 and a feeding pipe 16, the feeding funnel 15 is connected with the ice crystal particles produced in the ice crushing chamber 7, and the lower end of the feeding funnel is connected with the feeding pipe 16; the supply pipe 16 is connected at one end to the outlet of the air compressing device 14 and at the other end to the injection pipe 2.

The process of reducing flood discharge and atomization of the high dam by using the device is as follows: before flood discharge begins, the control room 5 controls the refrigeration rooms 6 in the functional buildings 1 to make ice cubes with proper sizes by using the ice making equipment 10 and store the ice cubes in the ice storage equipment 12; after flood discharge is started, the ice is conveyed to the ice crushing chamber 7 through the conveyor belt 11, ice is crushed into ice crystal particles with proper diameters by the ice crushing device 13 in the ice crushing chamber 7 and then conveyed into the feeding pipe 16 in the mixing chamber 9 through the feeding hopper 15, meanwhile, compressed air is produced by the air pressure device 14 in the air pressure chamber 8 and conveyed into the mixing chamber 9, and the ice crystal particles are mixed with the compressed air and then are sprayed to a dense fog area through the spraying pipe 2. Firstly, accelerating the cooling and energy dissipation of an atomization area by means of low-temperature ice crystal airflow, and reducing the energy of atomized water drops to restrict the diffusion of the atomized water drops; secondly, the ice crystal particles are used as condensation nuclei to accelerate the combination and falling of atomized water drops. The atomization area and the atomization heavy rainfall are limited within the range allowed by the engineering through the two aspects of actions, the atomization degree of the downstream of the high dam is reduced, the corresponding atomization hazard is avoided, the traditional atomization prevention engineering cost is saved, a more sufficient space is provided for the optimized arrangement of the engineering scheme, and the low-cost water and electric resources of the dam in the flood season are effectively utilized.

The functional buildings 1 are symmetrically arranged on bank slopes with proper elevations on two banks at the downstream of the dam, the elevations of the bank slopes should be higher than the tops of the dense fog areas by proper distances, and a plurality of functional buildings are arranged at intervals according to the lengths of the fog areas.

The connecting pipe 3 contains a water supply line which is led out from the reservoir and is used as a water supply source of the whole set of device.

The refrigerating compartment 6 is used for making ice cubes with proper size by the ice making device 10 before the flood discharge is started and is placed in the temporary ice storage device 12, and the ice cubes are sent to the ice crushing compartment 7 through the conveyor belt 11 after the flood discharge is started.

The ice crushing chamber 7 is connected to the refrigerating chamber 6, and after the flood discharge has started, the ice is fed to an ice crushing device 13, made into ice crystal particles of a suitable diameter, and fed into the mixing chamber 9.

The mixing chamber 9 is connected with the ice crushing chamber 7 and the air pressure chamber 8, ice crystal particles are mixed with compressed air, and then low-temperature ice crystal airflow is formed and sent to the injection pipe 2.

An air pressure device 14 is arranged in the air pressure chamber 8, and compressed air is produced to provide power for spraying ice crystals and is connected with the mixing chamber 9.

The injection pipe 2 is a steel pipe crossing two banks, is connected with the functional buildings 1 symmetrically arranged on the two banks, and has a height slightly higher than the top of the atomization area; the pipeline is provided with three injection holes 17, namely a horizontal hole, a side hole and a bottom hole, wherein the horizontal hole is parallel to the horizontal plane, the bottom hole is vertical to the horizontal plane, the side hole and the horizontal plane form an included angle of 45 degrees, the three holes are arranged in a quincunx shape, the hole diameter is 5-10 mm, and the hole distance is 30 cm; the pipe body is provided with hoisting rings 18 at appropriate intervals.

An anchorage device 4 is arranged behind the functional building 1 and comprises an anchor block 19, a suspension cable 20 and a suspension cable 21. The anchor blocks 19 are kept stable through self-structure and gravity, suspension cables 20 are stretched on the anchor blocks 19 on two sides, and suspension cables 21 are hung on the suspension cables 20 at proper intervals and penetrate through the hanging rings 18 of the injection pipe 2. The stress condition of the injection pipe 2 is improved through the anchorage device 4. The anchor block 19 is a reinforced concrete block, and the suspension cable 20 and the suspension cable 21 are both multi-strand high-strength steel wires.

While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated that not all possible combinations of the above-described embodiments or methods may be described, and that further combinations and permutations of the various embodiments are possible. Accordingly, the embodiments described herein are intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications and variations that fall within the scope of the appended claims.