阅读说明：本技术 一种立井高效爆破掘进方法 (Efficient blasting and tunneling method for vertical shaft ) 是由 杨仁树 丁晨曦 杨立云 龚敏 王德胜 郑昌达 于 2020-12-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明实施例提供一种立井高效爆破掘进方法,涉及立井施工技术领域。包括：在待掘进立井掏槽孔中间钻凿空孔；利用所述空孔为周边掏槽孔爆破提供自由面；在周边掏槽孔起爆后,利用所述空孔引导爆炸应力波在所述自由面发射拉伸以碎岩。由于在掏槽孔中间钻设的所述空孔能够为掏槽爆破提供较多的自由面和空间补偿,有利于掏槽爆破能量的充分利用,提高炮孔利用率和立井爆破单循环进尺,便于改善爆破效果。本发明适用于立井爆破掘进施工工程中。(The embodiment of the invention provides a vertical shaft efficient blasting tunneling method, and relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction. The method comprises the following steps: drilling a hollow hole in the middle of a vertical shaft cut hole to be tunneled; utilizing the hollow holes to provide free surfaces for the blasting of the peripheral cut holes; and after the peripheral cut holes are detonated, the hollow holes are utilized to guide the explosive stress waves to emit and stretch on the free surface so as to break rock. Because the drilling is established in the middle of the cut hole the dead hole can provide more free surface and space compensation for cut blasting, is favorable to the make full use of cut blasting energy, improves blast hole utilization ratio and single circulation footage of vertical shaft blasting, is convenient for improve the blasting effect. The invention is suitable for the vertical shaft blasting tunneling construction engineering.)

1. A vertical shaft efficient blasting tunneling method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

drilling a hollow hole in the middle of a vertical shaft cut hole to be tunneled;

utilizing the hollow holes to provide free surfaces for the blasting of the peripheral cut holes;

and after the peripheral cut holes are detonated, the hollow holes are utilized to guide the explosive stress waves to emit and stretch on the free surface so as to break rock.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein after intermediate drilling of the void in the vertical cut hole to be excavated, the method further comprises: utilizing the empty holes to provide compensation space for blasting of the peripheral cut holes;

after breaking the rock, the method further comprises: the compensation space is used to accommodate broken rock.

3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that drilling a hole intermediate the cut holes of the vertical shaft to be tunneled comprises:

drilling a hollow hole by using drilling equipment in the middle of a first ring of cut hole of a vertical shaft to be tunneled; the depth of the hollow hole is at least 50 m;

after the drilling of the hollow hole is finished, a blocking device is longitudinally arranged in the hollow hole at every other depth of the circulating footage, and the hollow hole is longitudinally divided into a plurality of independent spaces;

the method further comprises the following steps: and after the rock is crushed by the first-stage peripheral cut hole blasting, the hollow hole is longitudinally segmented and blocked by the blocking device so as to prevent the crushed rock from entering the hollow hole of the next circulation footage section to be blocked.

4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the water-containing state of the hollow hole is maintained after the hollow hole is drilled and blocked in sections;

after the peripheral cut holes are detonated, the rock is crushed;

under the action of the explosive shock wave, a large amount of crushed stones fly down into the hollow hole to instantaneously squeeze water in the hollow hole to form pressurized water flow;

and (4) infiltrating the pressurized water flow into peripheral rocks, and crushing the rocks for the second time by utilizing the hydraulic fracturing principle.

5. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein maintaining the water-containing state of the cavity after the cavity is drilled and segmented comprises: after the drilling of the hollow hole is finished and the segmented blocking is good, putting a preset amount of hydraulic fracturing agent into the hollow hole, and mixing the hydraulic fracturing agent and water in the hollow hole to form hydraulic fracturing fluid;

after the peripheral cut holes are detonated, the rock is crushed;

under the action of the explosion shock wave, a large amount of broken stones fly down into the hollow hole to instantaneously squeeze hydraulic fracturing fluid in the hollow hole to form pressurized liquid;

and (5) permeating the liquid with pressure into the peripheral rocks to carry out secondary rock crushing.

6. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that before intermediate drilling of the empty hole in the vertical cut hole to be excavated, the method further comprises:

determining the lithology of the layer where the vertical shaft to be tunneled is located according to the geological exploration data;

determining the number of the first ring of cut holes, the ring diameter of the first ring of cut holes and the loading capacity of the first ring of cut holes according to the vertical shaft tunneling design data;

and determining the diameter of the hollow hole to be drilled according to the rock lithology, the number of the first ring of cut holes, the ring diameter of the first ring of cut holes and the loading amount of the first ring of cut holes.

7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the number of the empty holes is one or more, and when the number of the empty holes is one, the diameter of the empty holes is a first predetermined size; when the number of the empty holes is multiple, the diameter of each empty hole is a second preset size; the first predetermined size is greater than the second predetermined size.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the first predetermined dimension is at least 40 cm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vertical shaft construction, in particular to a vertical shaft efficient blasting tunneling method.

Background

Along with the increasing of the mining intensity of resources, the shallow resources of the earth are increasingly reduced, the mining depth of mineral resources is continuously increased, the number of vertical shafts with the depth exceeding 1000m is increased year by year, and the well building depth of part of the vertical shafts even reaches more than 2000 m. The vertical shaft is a throat channel for deep resource exploitation, the engineering amount accounts for 12% -30% of the total mine and roadway engineering amount calculated according to the waste rock amount, the construction period accounts for 30% -55% of the total construction period of the roadway engineering, and the construction period of the vertical shaft has greater and greater influence on the whole shaft construction period along with the increase of the depth of the vertical shaft and the increase of the complexity of deep geological conditions.

The rock drilling blasting is a core link of vertical shaft construction, and the good blasting effect can effectively shorten the auxiliary operation time and accelerate the well completion speed. However, unlike the conventional shallow hole blasting, the blast hole depth of the vertical shaft blasting reaches more than 5m, and it is generally considered that the larger the blast hole depth is, the larger the clamping effect of the rock at the bottom of the blast hole is, and it is difficult to provide a sufficient expansion space for the auxiliary hole blasting after the cut hole blasting, resulting in a low utilization rate of the blast hole. The deep hole blasting is a technical problem to be solved urgently.

The circular footage of the project is mainly controlled by the vertical shaft deep hole cut blasting, and the quality of the cut blasting effect directly influences the project progress. At present, the cut forms of the vertical shaft deep hole blasting are mainly divided into a straight-hole cylindrical cut and an inclined-hole conical cut. Wherein, straight hole cylindric undercutting because the hole bottom country rock clamping action and hole bottom distance are all great, and the big hole utilization ratio is generally lower, leads to the blasting effect poor. The inclined hole conical cut has the advantages that due to the fact that the distance between the bottoms of all cut holes is very close, explosives are relatively concentrated, blasting action energy obtained by rocks in a cut hole ring is larger, the clamping effect of the rocks at the bottom can be relatively effectively overcome, however, due to the fact that the energy is concentrated, broken waste rocks are thrown to be very high, well drilling mechanical equipment in a well is often broken, and the inclined hole is drilled, so that the accuracy of the hole position is not easy to be accurate, and the blasting effect is affected.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a vertical shaft efficient blasting and tunneling method, which is convenient for improving the blasting effect.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a vertical shaft high-efficiency blasting tunneling method comprises the following steps:

drilling a hollow hole in the middle of a vertical shaft cut hole to be tunneled;

utilizing the hollow holes to provide free surfaces for the blasting of the peripheral cut holes;

and after the peripheral cut holes are detonated, the hollow holes are utilized to guide the explosive stress waves to emit and stretch on the free surface so as to break rock.

Optionally, after drilling a hollow hole in the middle of the vertical cut hole to be tunneled, the method further comprises: utilizing the empty holes to provide compensation space for blasting of the peripheral cut holes;

after breaking the rock, the method further comprises: the compensation space is used to accommodate broken rock.

Optionally, drilling a void hole intermediate the cut holes of the vertical shaft to be tunneled comprises:

drilling a hollow hole by using drilling equipment in the middle of a first ring of cut hole of a vertical shaft to be tunneled; the depth of the hollow hole is at least 50 m;

after the drilling of the hollow hole is finished, a blocking device is longitudinally arranged in the hollow hole at every other depth of the circulating footage, and the hollow hole is longitudinally divided into a plurality of independent spaces;

the method further comprises the following steps: and after the rock is crushed by the first-stage peripheral cut hole blasting, the hollow hole is longitudinally segmented and blocked by the blocking device so as to prevent the crushed rock from entering the hollow hole of the next circulation footage section to be blocked.

Optionally, after the drilling of the hollow hole is completed and the segmented blocking is good, the water-containing state of the hollow hole is kept;

after the peripheral cut holes are detonated, the rock is crushed;

under the action of the explosive shock wave, a large amount of crushed stones fly down into the hollow hole to instantaneously squeeze water in the hollow hole to form pressurized water flow;

and (4) infiltrating the pressurized water flow into peripheral rocks, and crushing the rocks for the second time by utilizing the hydraulic fracturing principle.

Optionally, after the drilling of the hollow hole is completed and the blocking of the hollow hole is completed in a segmented manner, the maintaining of the water-containing state of the hollow hole comprises: after the drilling of the hollow hole is finished and the segmented blocking is good, putting a preset amount of hydraulic fracturing agent into the hollow hole, and mixing the hydraulic fracturing agent and water in the hollow hole to form hydraulic fracturing fluid;

after the peripheral cut holes are detonated, the rock is crushed;

under the action of the explosion shock wave, a large amount of broken stones fly down into the hollow hole to instantaneously squeeze hydraulic fracturing fluid in the hollow hole to form pressurized liquid;

and (5) permeating the liquid with pressure into the peripheral rocks to carry out secondary rock crushing.

Optionally, before drilling the hollow hole in the middle of the vertical cut hole to be tunneled, the method further comprises:

determining the lithology of the layer where the vertical shaft to be tunneled is located according to the geological exploration data;

determining the number of the first ring of cut holes, the ring diameter of the first ring of cut holes and the loading capacity of the first ring of cut holes according to the vertical shaft tunneling design data;

and determining the diameter of the hollow hole to be drilled according to the rock lithology, the number of the first ring of cut holes, the ring diameter of the first ring of cut holes and the loading amount of the first ring of cut holes.

Optionally, the number of the holes is one or more, and when the number of the holes is one, the diameter of the holes is a first predetermined size; when the number of the empty holes is multiple, the diameter of each empty hole is a second preset size; the first predetermined size is greater than the second predetermined size.

Optionally, the first predetermined dimension is at least 40 cm.

According to the vertical shaft efficient blasting tunneling method provided by the embodiment of the invention, a hollow hole is drilled in the middle of a vertical shaft cut hole to be tunneled; utilizing the hollow holes to provide free surfaces for the blasting of the peripheral cut holes; after the peripheral cut holes are detonated, the hollow holes are utilized to guide explosive stress waves to be emitted and stretched on the free surface so as to break rock; because the hollow hole drilled in the middle of the cut hole can provide more free surfaces and space compensation for cut blasting, the full utilization of cut blasting energy is facilitated, the blast hole utilization rate and the single circulation footage of vertical shaft blasting are improved, and the blasting effect is improved to a certain extent.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a front view of arrangement of blast holes for the hollow undercutting blasting excavation of a vertical shaft according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation view of the arrangement of the blastholes of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of the vertical shaft efficient blasting tunneling method of the present invention;

wherein, Arabic numerals in FIG. 1 represent the number of blastholes; the angle values in fig. 2 represent the inclination angles of the peripheral holes.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It should be apparent that numerous technical details are set forth in the following specific examples in order to provide a more thorough description of the present invention, and it should be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some of these details. In addition, some methods, means, components and applications thereof known to those skilled in the art are not described in detail in order to highlight the gist of the present invention, but the implementation of the present invention is not affected thereby. The embodiments described herein are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the vertical shaft efficient blasting and tunneling method provided by the embodiment of the invention is suitable for a vertical shaft blasting and tunneling project, and can provide a free surface and space compensation effect for cut blasting by drilling a large-diameter hollow hole in the middle of a first circle of cut holes of a vertical shaft, so that the cut blasting energy can be fully utilized, and the blast hole utilization rate and the single-cycle footage can be improved.

Herein, blast holes are also referred to as blast holes, and cut holes are also referred to as cut holes, and herein, sometimes "xx holes" and sometimes "xx holes", for example, "cut holes" and "cut holes", refer to the same concept.

In some embodiments, the method comprises the steps of:

and S110, drilling a hollow hole in the middle of the cut hole of the vertical shaft to be tunneled.

And S120, utilizing the hollow holes to provide free surfaces for peripheral cut hole blasting.

And S130, after the peripheral cut holes are detonated, the hollow holes are used for guiding explosive stress waves to be emitted and stretched on the free surface so as to break rock.

And repeating the steps S120 and S130 to complete the vertical shaft blasting tunneling of a preset cycle footage section.

In the embodiment, the hollow hole is arranged in the middle of the cut hole, a new free surface is provided, the launching and stretching effects of the explosive stress wave are favorably exerted, and the rock can be well pushed to be broken.

Specifically, the resistance line between the hollow hole and the peripheral cut hole is used for guiding the explosion stress wave to emit and stretch on the free surface, so that the directional control blasting effect is achieved to a certain extent, and the blasting effect can be improved.

In other embodiments, after drilling a void intermediate the cut holes in the vertical to be excavated, the method further comprises: utilizing the empty holes to provide compensation space for blasting of the peripheral cut holes;

after breaking the rock, the method further comprises: the compensation space is used to accommodate broken rock.

It will be appreciated that in underground blast tunnelling, sufficient accommodation space is required due to the rock's crushing and swelling properties. In this embodiment, provide sufficient inflation space through the vacancy hole for the underholing blasting, also be called garrulous bloated space, carry out space compensation to be favorable to the breakage of rock.

In addition, the larger the diameter of the hollow hole is, the more beneficial the explosion and the crushing to a certain extent are, and the effect after the explosion is correspondingly improved. However, the larger the hole, the higher the demand for the punching equipment, and the cost and time for punching increase exponentially. Therefore, considering practical situations, the diameter of the hollow hole needs to be reasonably defined within a certain range. Generally, the reasonable diameter of the hollow hole should be related to the rock property, the number of the first ring cut holes, the diameter of the first ring cut hole, the loading amount of the first ring cut hole and other factors under the premise of ensuring the blasting effect. Thus, before drilling the empty hole intermediate the cut holes of the vertical shaft to be tunneled, the method further comprises: determining the lithology of the layer where the vertical shaft to be tunneled is located according to the geological exploration data; determining the number of the first ring of cut holes, the ring diameter of the first ring of cut holes and the loading capacity of the first ring of cut holes according to the vertical shaft tunneling design data; and determining the diameter of the hollow hole to be drilled according to the rock lithology, the number of the first ring of cut holes, the ring diameter of the first ring of cut holes and the loading amount of the first ring of cut holes.

Specifically, the following formula may be used:the diameter of the void is calculated.

In the formula, the piece is the influence coefficient such as rock explosibility and the like, and is determined according to rock lithology, and the general value range is 0-1; n is the number of the first ring of cutting holes; m is the loading amount of a single cut hole, and the unit kg; f is the Poulean coefficient of the rock; d is the circle diameter of the first circle of the cutting hole and the unit m.

In the implementation, by the method for determining the large-diameter hole, the proper hole diameter can be reasonably determined to a certain extent, so that the blasting effect can be ensured.

In some embodiments of vertical blasting according to the present embodiment, the parameters of the blast hole (i.e., the blast hole as referred to elsewhere herein) are as shown in fig. 1, as follows:

TABLE 1

In fig. 1, the first circle of blastholes outward of the empty holes are cut holes, the second circle to the fourth circle of blastholes are collapsed holes, the fifth circle is peripheral holes, and the total number of the upper peripheral holes and the lower peripheral holes is 44.

Wherein the number of the empty holes is one or more, and when the number of the empty holes is one, the diameter of the empty holes is a first preset size; when the number of the empty holes is multiple, the diameter of each empty hole is a second preset size; the first predetermined size is greater than the second predetermined size. In some embodiments, the first

The predetermined size is at least 40 cm; the second predetermined size is determined according to the number of the holes, for example, if the number of the holes is four, the diameter of each hole can be set to about 10 cm; if the number of the holes is 8, the diameter of each hole can be about 5 cm.

It can be understood that, in the middle of the first ring cut hole, instead of drilling a large-diameter hole, a plurality of, for example, 3 to 5, medium-diameter holes are drilled. The equipment is relatively demanding and relatively time-consuming to make due to the large diameter holes. Therefore, from the aspects of economy and construction efficiency cost, drilling a plurality of small and medium diameter holes is feasible, and the effect of providing more free surfaces and space compensation for the cut holes can be achieved, so that the blasting and tunneling effect of the vertical shaft can be improved.

Specifically, drilling a hollow hole in the middle of a vertical cut hole to be excavated comprises:

drilling a hollow hole by using drilling equipment in the middle of a first ring of cut hole of a vertical shaft to be tunneled; the cavity depth is at least 50 m.

It will be appreciated that, in general, a single cycle footage of a vertical blasting does not exceed 5 m. By setting the depth drill of the hollow hole to be 50m, about 10 cycles can be used for drilling the large-diameter hollow hole, so that the hollow hole can be prevented from being drilled in each cycle, the working procedures are reduced, and the blasting and tunneling efficiency can be improved.

In addition, because the diameter of the large-diameter hole is larger and the depth is very deep, about 10 blasting cycles can be used by drilling the large-diameter hole, and the large-diameter hole is not required to be drilled every time, although the working procedures can be reduced, and the blasting tunneling efficiency is improved. However, there is also a problem that: the broken stone formed after the previous cycle blasting inevitably falls into the large-diameter hollow hole, so that the large-diameter hollow hole is easily blocked, and the space compensation effect of the large-diameter hollow hole is seriously weakened.

To address the above issues, in some embodiments, after the hole is drilled, a blocker is placed in the hole at every other depth of the cycle longitudinally to divide the hole into multiple independent spaces.

The method further comprises the following steps: and after the rock is crushed by the first-stage peripheral cut hole blasting, the hollow hole is longitudinally segmented and blocked by the blocking device so as to prevent the crushed rock from entering the hollow hole of the next circulation footage section to be blocked.

In the embodiment, after the large-diameter hollow hole is drilled, the blocking device is placed at every other depth of the circular footage, so that the large-diameter hollow hole can be blocked in a segmented mode, and the large-diameter hollow hole can be prevented from being blocked by blasting crushed stones in the previous stage.

In addition, because the vertical shaft and the roadway blasting driving environment are different, the most obvious difference is as follows: the vertical blasting construction environment is generally in a water environment, that is, after the large-diameter holes are drilled and spaced, the large-diameter holes are not empty actually and are filled with water. While the tunnels have little or no water present. Therefore, in the vertical blasting, the characteristic that the pores contain water needs to be considered.

In some other underground excavation projects, water evacuation operations are typically performed. In this embodiment, the water in the hollow hole is not exclusively drained. After the drilling of the hollow hole is finished and the segmentation and the blocking are good, the water-containing state of the hollow hole is kept; after the peripheral cut holes are detonated, the rock is crushed; under the action of the explosive shock wave, a large amount of crushed stones fly down into the hollow hole to instantaneously squeeze water in the hollow hole to form pressurized water flow;

and (4) infiltrating the pressurized water flow into peripheral rocks, and crushing the rocks for the second time by utilizing the hydraulic fracturing principle.

In the embodiment of the invention, water in the hollow hole is utilized to form pressurized water flow by instant extrusion of the broken stone, and the pressurized water flow is extruded into a rock crack, so that the effect similar to hydraulic fracturing can be achieved, secondary rock breaking is realized, the rock breaking is facilitated, and the blasting tunneling efficiency is improved to a certain extent.

In order to better utilize the water in the cavity and improve the rock breaking effect, in some embodiments, after the cavity is drilled and blocked in sections, the maintaining the water content state of the cavity comprises: after the drilling of the hollow hole is completed and the segmented blocking is good, putting a predetermined amount of hydraulic fracturing agent into the hollow hole, and mixing the hydraulic fracturing agent and water in the hollow hole to form hydraulic fracturing fluid. Wherein, the hydraulic fracturing agent is the existing product sold in the market, and can also be directly added into water by the fracturing fluid in the water for mixing.

After the peripheral cut holes are detonated, the rock is crushed; under the action of the explosion shock wave, a large amount of broken stones fly down into the hollow hole to instantaneously squeeze hydraulic fracturing fluid in the hollow hole to form pressurized liquid; and (5) permeating the liquid with pressure into the peripheral rocks to carry out secondary rock crushing.

In the embodiment, the hydraulic fracturing fluid is formed by adding the hydraulic fracturing agent into the water in the hollow hole, so that the hydraulic fracturing stone breaking effect can be enhanced.

In addition, through hydraulic fracturing rock, the rock can also be cracked, after the first circle of cut hole blasting, through the second circle of cut hole blasting, utilize the crack to guide the explosion stress wave, make the rock breakage more easily, the blasting effect also obtains the reinforcing in addition.

According to the vertical shaft efficient blasting tunneling method provided by the embodiment of the invention, a hollow hole is drilled in the middle of a vertical shaft cut hole to be tunneled; utilizing the hollow holes to provide free surfaces for the blasting of the peripheral cut holes; after the peripheral cut holes are detonated, the hollow holes are utilized to guide explosive stress waves to be emitted and stretched on the free surface so as to break rock; because the hollow hole drilled in the middle of the cut hole can provide more free surfaces and space compensation for cut blasting, the full utilization of cut blasting energy is facilitated, the blast hole utilization rate and the single circulation footage of vertical shaft blasting are improved, and the blasting effect is improved to a certain extent.

The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.