阅读说明：本技术 一种新型制备一乙醇胺的方法 (Novel method for preparing monoethanolamine ) 是由 于富红 崔丽凤 周品 许�鹏 王志会 周全法 其他发明人请求不公开姓名 于 2020-12-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种新型制备一乙醇胺的方法,属于煤化工领域。本发明方法以煤制乙二醇生产过程中的中间产物乙醇酸甲酯为起始原料,首先用乙醇酸甲酯与氨基类化合物(伯胺)在催化剂作用下反应生成乙醇酰胺,然后乙醇酰胺在80-260℃,压力0.1-10MPa和催化剂B的存在下加氢得到乙醇胺。本发明所提出的方法具备成本较低,产率高,并且有效利用了煤制化工中的中间产物为原料,是一种可替代传统环氧乙烷法生产一乙醇胺的新型方法。(The invention discloses a novel method for preparing monoethanolamine, belonging to the field of coal chemical industry. The method takes an intermediate product methyl glycolate in the production process of the coal-to-ethylene glycol as an initial raw material, firstly, methyl glycolate and amino compounds (primary amine) react under the action of a catalyst to generate ethanol amide, and then the ethanol amide is hydrogenated at 80-260 ℃ under the pressure of 0.1-10MPa and in the presence of a catalyst B to obtain the ethanolamine. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of low cost and high yield, effectively utilizes the intermediate product in the coal chemical industry as the raw material, and is a novel method for producing monoethanolamine by replacing the traditional ethylene oxide method.)

1. A method for preparing monoethanolamine, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) using methyl glycolate as an initial raw material, and carrying out amidation reaction with a primary amine compound under the action of a catalyst A or under the condition of no catalyst to obtain ethanol amide; the catalyst A is prepared by the following steps: putting a metal salt precursor, molten salt and a reducing agent into a reactor for calcining; after calcining and sintering, cooling to obtain a solid metal catalyst; then mixing the solid metal catalyst with the liquid catalyst to obtain a solid-liquid composite catalyst A; wherein, the liquid catalyst is selected from any one or more of the following: tetraethyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, tetrabutyl titanate, isopropyl zirconate, n-propyl zirconate;

(2) carrying out hydrogenation reduction reaction on the ethanol amide obtained in the step (1) under the action of a catalyst B to prepare monoethanolamine; the catalyst B comprises at least one of palladium catalyst, copper catalyst, iridium catalyst and nickel catalyst.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the amount of catalyst B used in step (2) is 1 wt% to 5 wt% relative to the amount of ethanolamide used.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the hydrogen pressure in the hydrogenation reduction reaction in the step (2) is 0.1 to 10 Mpa.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the reaction process for preparing the ethanolamide in the step (1) is as follows:

wherein R is selected from H and amide NH₂-CO-、C₁-C₆Straight or branched alkyl, aryl substituted C₁-C₆Straight or branched alkyl of (2), C₁-C₄A straight or branched alkyl group of (A) or an unsubstituted aryl group, C₁-C₄A straight or branched alkyl group substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aryl group.

5. The process according to claim 1, characterized in that the molar ratio of methyl glycolate to primary amine compound is (0.5-1.5): 1.

6. the method according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the solid-liquid composite catalyst used is 2 to 8 wt% relative to methyl glycolate.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein during the preparation of catalyst a, the metal salt precursor comprises at least one of nickel dichloride, cobalt dichloride, rhodium trichloride, and platinum tetrachloride.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the molten salt comprises at least one or more of lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride and zinc chloride during the preparation of the catalyst A.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein the reducing agent comprises at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, aluminum, and zinc during the preparation of catalyst a.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein during the preparation of the catalyst a, the mass ratio of the solid metal catalyst to the liquid catalyst in the solid-liquid composite catalyst is (1-8): 10.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a novel method for preparing monoethanolamine, belonging to the field of coal chemical industry.

Background

Ethanolamine is one of the most important products in amino alcohols, which is used as a key fine organic chemical raw material and comprises three isomers: monoethanolamine (MEA), Diethanolamine (DEA) and Triethanolamine (TEA). The monoethanolamine accounts for about 50 percent of the total output of the ethanolamine, and is mainly used for surfactants, pesticides (mainly glyphosate), synthetic detergents, polyurethane aids, air purifiers, textile aids, rubber processing aids, chemical weapons, cosmetics, liquid antifreezing and the like; diethanolamine, which accounts for about 30-35% of the total yield, is mainly used for detergents, personal hygiene products and refinery gas treatment; triethanolamine is mainly used for the production of detergents, personal hygiene products and concrete manufacture. Furthermore, monoethanolamine accounts for 41% of the worldwide ethanolamine consumption, diethanolamine accounts for about 34%, and triethanolamine accounts for about 25%. At present, the localization technology of monoethanolamine has a certain gap with the foreign technology, the domestic demand for monoethanolamine is continuously increased, and the output of monoethanolamine has a certain gap compared with the demand.

The production technology of ethanolamine is explored abroad as early as the middle of the 19 th century. The methods for preparing ethanolamine include the following methods: and (3) performing a chloroethanol ammonolysis method: as early as 1860, French chemist Wurty heated chlorohydrin and ammonia in a closed tube to synthesize monoethanolamine. ClCH₂CH₂OH+2NH₃＝H₂NCH₂CH₂OH+NH₄The Cl method has the disadvantages that the ammonium chloride generated by the reaction is difficult to remove; the catalytic hydrogenation method of formaldehyde cyanohydrin comprises the following steps of reacting formaldehyde cyanohydrin with hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst: 3HOCH₂CN+6H₂＝H₂NCH₂CHOH+HN(CH₂CHOH)₂+NH₃The disadvantage of this process is the low yield; in 1897, Knorr used ethylene oxide and ammonia water for trans-reactionShould (CH)₂)₂O+NH₃＝H₂NCH₂CH₂OH, obtaining three kinds of ethanolamine, such as monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine and the like through fractional distillation. The catalyst in the reaction process of the method is hydroxyl of water or alcohol amine and the like, and is the most important production method in the world at present. However, this reaction is exothermic, and when the temperature is too high, the raw material ethylene oxide tends to self-polymerize, so that the temperature condition for production is highly required.

As other novel methods for synthesizing monoethanolamine have not been proposed at home and abroad, increasing the localization of monoethanolamine technology and exploring novel methods for preparing monoethanolamine have important significance

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention constructs a novel preparation method for producing monoethanolamine by using an intermediate product, namely methyl glycolate in coal chemical industry as a starting material to replace the traditional ethylene oxide method.

The invention aims to provide a novel method for preparing monoethanolamine, which comprises the following steps:

(1) using methyl glycolate as an initial raw material, and carrying out amidation reaction with a primary amine compound under the action of a catalyst A or under the condition of no catalyst to obtain ethanol amide; the catalyst A is prepared by the following steps: putting a metal salt precursor, molten salt and a reducing agent into a reactor for calcining; after calcining and sintering, cooling to obtain a solid metal catalyst; then mixing the solid metal catalyst with the liquid catalyst to obtain a solid-liquid composite catalyst A; wherein, the liquid catalyst is selected from any one or more of the following: tetraethyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, tetrabutyl titanate, isopropyl zirconate (also known as zirconium isopropoxide), and n-propyl zirconate (also known as zirconium n-propoxide);

(2) carrying out hydrogenation reduction reaction on the ethanol amide obtained in the step (1) under the action of a catalyst B to prepare monoethanolamine; the catalyst B includes at least one of a palladium-based catalyst, a copper-based catalyst, an iridium-based catalyst, a nickel-based catalyst, and the like.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogenation reduction reaction in the step (2) is performed in a solvent including at least one of ethanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, cyclohexane, and the like. Wherein, the purity of each component of the solvent is more than 99 percent, and the moisture content is less than or equal to 10 ppm.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the amount of catalyst B used in step (2) is 1 wt% to 5 wt% (mass fraction) relative to the amount of ethanolamide used.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the hydrogen reduction reaction in the step (2) is 70 to 260 ℃.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogen pressure for the hydrogenation reduction reaction in the step (2) is 0.1 to 10 MPa. The purity of the hydrogen is more than 99 percent.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogenation reduction reaction in step (2) is performed in a magnetically stirred stainless steel autoclave or a fixed bed reactor.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the hydrogenation reduction reaction in the step (2) is as follows:

the ethanolamine is obtained by hydrogenating the ethanol amide at 80-260 ℃ and under the pressure of 0.1-10MPa and in the presence of a catalyst B.

In one embodiment of the invention, the purity of the ethanol amide in the step (2) is more than 99%, and the moisture content is less than or equal to 10 ppm.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the reaction process for preparing the ethanolamide in the step (1) is as follows:

wherein R is selected from H (i.e., RNH)₂To ammonia NH₃) Amide NH₂-CO- (i.e. RNH)₂Is urea) C₁-C₆Straight or branched alkyl, aryl substituted C₁-C₆Straight or branched alkyl of (2), C₁-C₄A straight or branched alkyl group of (A) or an unsubstituted aryl group, C₁-C₄A straight or branched alkyl-substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic aryl group of (a);

methyl glycolate is used as an initial raw material and reacts with a primary amine compound to generate the ethanolamide.

In one embodiment of the invention, the starting material, methyl glycolate, is an intermediate product in the production process of ethylene glycol from coal.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the molar ratio of methyl glycolate to primary amine compound is (0.5-1.5): 1.

in one embodiment of the present invention, the solid-liquid composite catalyst a is used in an amount of 2 to 8 wt% relative to methyl glycolate. Wherein, the solid metal catalyst in the solid-liquid composite catalyst accounts for 1 to 3 weight percent of the methyl glycolate, and the liquid catalyst accounts for 1 to 5 weight percent of the methyl glycolate.

In one embodiment of the invention, R is preferably selected from: H. c₆-C₁₀Aryl of (C)₁-C₆Alkyl and its derivatives, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, furyl, morpholinyl, N-methylpiperazinyl, N-ethylpiperazinyl, tetrahydropyrrolyl.

In one embodiment of the present invention, R may further preferably: at least one of p-chlorophenyl, p-tolyl, p-fluorophenyl, p-trifluoromethylphenyl, p-ethylphenyl, p-propylphenyl, p-tert-butylphenyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, n-hexyl, or cyclohexyl;

in one embodiment of the invention, the catalytic amidation reaction may be carried out in a reaction vessel using magnetic stirring. The reaction vessel comprises a three-neck flask and a stainless steel autoclave.

In one embodiment of the invention, the temperature at which the amidation reaction is catalyzed is 60 to 200 ℃.

In one embodiment of the present invention, during the preparation of the catalyst a, the metal salt precursor includes at least one of nickel dichloride, cobalt dichloride, rhodium trichloride, platinum tetrachloride and the like.

In one embodiment of the invention, the molten salt during the preparation of the catalyst a comprises at least one or more mixed molten salts of lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, aluminum chloride, magnesium chloride, zinc chloride and the like.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the reducing agent comprises at least one of lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, aluminum, zinc, etc. during the preparation of catalyst a.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the temperature of the calcination during the preparation of the catalyst A is 300-700 ℃.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the calcination in the preparation of the catalyst a comprises calcination in a closed autoclave or in a tube furnace under the protection of inert gas.

In an embodiment of the invention, in the preparation process of the catalyst a, the mass ratio of the solid metal catalyst to the liquid catalyst in the solid-liquid composite catalyst is (1-8): 10.

in one embodiment of the present invention, the mixing of the solid metal catalyst and the liquid catalyst during the preparation of the catalyst a comprises at least one of ultrasound, high-speed stirring, and the like.

Has the advantages that:

the invention discloses a novel method for preparing monoethanolamine, which takes an intermediate product methyl glycolate in the production process of ethylene glycol prepared from coal as an initial raw material, firstly, methyl glycolate and amino compounds (primary amine) react under the action of a catalyst to generate ethanolamide, and then the ethanolamide is hydrogenated at 70-260 ℃, under the pressure of 0.1-10MPa and in the presence of a catalyst B to obtain the ethanolamine. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of innovation of a synthesis method, lower cost and high yield, and the intermediate product in the coal-based chemical industry is taken as a raw material, so that the high-efficiency utilization of the intermediate product in the chemical industry is realized, and the method is a novel method for producing monoethanolamine by replacing the traditional ethylene oxide method.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a hydrogenation apparatus in example 9 of the process of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a scanning electron micrograph of a platinum-based solid catalyst obtained in example 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a reaction apparatus for reacting methyl glycolate with a primary amine compound in example 1.

FIG. 4 is a scanning electron micrograph of a cobalt-based solid catalyst obtained in example 2.

FIG. 5 is a scanning electron micrograph of a nickel-based solid catalyst obtained in example 3.

FIG. 6 is a scanning electron micrograph of a rhodium-based solid catalyst obtained in example 4.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.

The "yield of ethanolamine" referred to below is defined by the following formula:

the yield (%) of ethanolamine is the amount of reactant converted to ethanolamine/the amount of ethanolamine charged × 100%.

EXAMPLE 1 preparation of ethanolamide

Preparing a solid-liquid composite catalyst:

uniformly mixing 20g of platinum tetrachloride, 10g of magnesium powder and 50g of sodium chloride, then putting the mixture into a corundum porcelain boat, heating the mixture to 650 ℃ in a tubular furnace under the protection of argon, reacting for 3 hours, cooling, removing the mixture, and washing away impurities by using dilute hydrochloric acid and deionized water to obtain a platinum-based solid catalyst (shown in figure 2); 5g of platinum solid catalyst and 10g of tetraethyl titanate liquid catalyst are mixed to prepare the corresponding solid-liquid composite catalyst.

Preparing the ethanol amide:

450g of methyl glycolate, 100g of urea and 15g of the obtained solid-liquid composite catalyst (5g of platinum-based solid catalyst-10 g of tetraethyl titanate liquid) were put into a three-necked flask, heated to 160 ℃ and reacted for 3 hours, and the reaction was carried out with stirring, as shown in FIG. 3. After the reaction is finished and cooled, the reaction product is filtered and analyzed, and the yield is calculated and 94% of the ethanol amide is obtained.

EXAMPLE 2 preparation of ethanolamide

Preparing a solid-liquid composite catalyst:

uniformly mixing 30g of cobalt dichloride, 8g of sodium and 50g of sodium chloride, putting the mixture into a corundum porcelain boat, heating the mixture to 600 ℃ in a tube furnace under the protection of argon, reacting for 3 hours, cooling, and washing with deionized water to remove impurities to obtain a cobalt-based solid catalyst, wherein the cobalt-based solid catalyst is shown in figure 4; 5g of cobalt-based solid catalyst and 10g of tetraethyl zirconate liquid catalyst are mixed to prepare the corresponding solid-liquid composite catalyst.

Preparing the ethanol amide:

450g of methyl glycolate, 100g of urea and 15g of the obtained solid-liquid composite catalyst (5g of cobalt-based solid catalyst-10 g of tetraethyl zirconate) were put into a three-necked flask, heated to 180 ℃ and reacted for 3 hours, followed by reaction with stirring. After the reaction was completed and cooled, the reaction mixture was filtered and analyzed to calculate the yield, which was 89% of ethanolamide.

EXAMPLE 3 preparation of ethanolamide

28g of nickel dichloride, 6g of lithium and 50g of lithium chloride are uniformly mixed and then put into a corundum porcelain boat, the mixture is heated to 500 ℃ in a tube furnace under the protection of argon, the reaction is carried out for 5 hours, and the mixture is cooled and washed by deionized water to remove impurities, so that the nickel-based solid catalyst is obtained, as shown in figure 5. 5g of a nickel-based solid catalyst and 10g of a tetraethyl zirconate liquid catalyst were charged into a three-necked flask.

450g of methyl glycolate and 100g of urea were put into a three-necked flask, heated to 180 ℃ and reacted for 3 hours with stirring. After the reaction was completed and cooled, the reaction mixture was filtered and analyzed to calculate the yield, i.e., the yield of the ethanolamide was 92%.

EXAMPLE 4 preparation of ethanolamide

Uniformly mixing 25g of rhodium trichloride, 5g of zinc powder and 50g of zinc chloride, putting the mixture into a corundum porcelain boat, heating the mixture to 450 ℃ in a tube furnace under the protection of argon, reacting for 8 hours, cooling, and washing away impurities by using dilute hydrochloric acid and deionized water to obtain the rhodium-based solid catalyst, wherein the rhodium-based solid catalyst is shown in figure 6. 5g of a rhodium-based solid catalyst and 10g of a zirconium isopropyl ester liquid catalyst were charged in a three-necked flask.

450g of methyl glycolate and 100g of urea were put into a three-necked flask, heated to 170 ℃ and reacted for 4 hours with stirring. After the reaction was completed and cooled, the reaction mixture was filtered and analyzed to calculate the yield, i.e., the yield of the ethanolamide was 91%.

Comparative example 1 preparation of ethanolamide

Catalyst-free preparation of ethanolamide:

450g of methyl glycolate and 100g of urea were added to a three-necked flask, and the temperature was raised to 160 ℃ without adding a catalyst, followed by reaction for 3 hours with stirring. After the reaction was completed and cooled, the reaction mixture was filtered and analyzed to calculate the yield, i.e., the yield of the ethanolamide was 21%.

Comparative example 2 preparation of ethanolamide

Preparing a solid metal catalyst:

uniformly mixing 20g of platinum tetrachloride, 10g of magnesium powder and 50g of sodium chloride, putting the mixture into a corundum porcelain boat, heating the mixture to 650 ℃ in a tubular furnace under the protection of argon, reacting for 3 hours, cooling, removing the mixture, and washing out impurities by using dilute hydrochloric acid and deionized water to obtain the platinum-based solid catalyst.

Preparing the ethanol amide by only using a solid metal catalyst:

450g of methyl glycolate, 100g of urea and 5g of a platinum-based solid catalyst were put into a three-necked flask, heated to 160 ℃ and reacted for 3 hours with stirring. After the reaction was completed and cooled, the reaction mixture was filtered and analyzed to calculate the yield, which was 62% of the ethanolamide yield.

Comparative example 3 preparation of ethanolamide

Preparing the ethanol amide by only using a liquid catalyst:

10g of tetraethyl titanate liquid catalyst was charged into a three-neck flask. Then 450g of methyl glycolate and 100g of urea were added to the three-necked flask, and the mixture was heated to 160 ℃ to react for 3 hours, followed by reaction under stirring. After the reaction was completed and cooled, the reaction mixture was filtered and analyzed to calculate the yield, i.e., the yield of the ethanolamide was 83%.

EXAMPLE 5 preparation of ethanolamide

Catalyst-free preparation of ethanolamide:

450g of methyl glycolate is added into a three-neck flask, ammonia gas is introduced at the flow rate of 60L/h, the temperature is raised to 70 ℃, the reaction is carried out for 5 hours under stirring, and the reaction is finished. After cooling, filtration and analysis the yield was calculated to be 78% ethanolamide.

EXAMPLE 6 preparation of Ethanolamine

Dissolving 7g of ethanolamide in 50g of ethanol, adding the ethanol into a 250ml magnetic stirring high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 20g of cyclohexane and 1g of self-made palladium catalyst, replacing air in the kettle for 5min by using a hydrogen steel bottle, pressurizing the pressure in the high-pressure kettle to 2MPa, starting stirring, connecting an electrostatic protection device, heating to 180 ℃, reacting for 3 hours, cooling, decompressing, filtering, and calculating the yield after analysis, wherein the yield of ethanolamine is 43%.

EXAMPLE 7 preparation of Ethanolamine

Dissolving 7g of ethanol amide in 50g of ethylene glycol, adding the ethanol amide into a 250ml magnetic stirring high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 20g of cyclohexane and 1g of self-made copper catalyst, replacing air in the kettle for 5min by using a hydrogen steel bottle, pressurizing the pressure in the kettle to 2MPa, starting stirring, connecting an electrostatic protection device, heating to 180 ℃, reacting for 5 hours, cooling, decompressing, filtering, and calculating the yield after analysis, wherein the yield of the ethanolamine is 27%.

EXAMPLE 8 preparation of Ethanolamine

Dissolving 7g of ethanol amide in 50g of glycerol, adding the ethanol amide into a 250ml magnetic stirring high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 20g of cyclohexane and 1g of self-made iridium catalyst, replacing air in the kettle for 5min by using a hydrogen steel bottle, pressurizing the pressure in the kettle to 2MPa, starting stirring, connecting an electrostatic protection device, heating to 180 ℃, reacting for 3 hours, cooling, decompressing, filtering, and calculating the yield after analysis, wherein the yield of the ethanolamine is 61%.

EXAMPLE 9 preparation of Ethanolamine

Dissolving 7g of ethanol amide in 50g of ethanol, adding the ethanol amide into a 250ml magnetic stirring high-pressure reaction kettle, adding 20g of cyclohexane and 1g of purchased Raney nickel catalyst, replacing air in the kettle for 5min by using a hydrogen steel bottle, pressurizing the pressure in the high-pressure kettle to 2MPa, starting stirring, connecting an electrostatic protection device, heating to 180 ℃, reacting for 3 hours, cooling, decompressing, filtering, and calculating the yield after analysis, wherein the yield of the ethanolamine is 32%.

EXAMPLE 10 preparation of Ethanolamine

Dissolving ethanol amide in ethanol to obtain 10% ethanol solution of acetamide, adding copper catalyst into fixed bed reactor (figure 1) with loading height of 3cm, reactor diameter of 0.5cm, and hydrogen-ester ratio of 40-120. Replacing air in the device for 5min by a hydrogen steel cylinder, reducing the copper catalyst to 230 ℃, cooling to 180 ℃, and feeding at a feeding rate of 10-30 ml/h. The reaction pressure is 0.2-5MPa, the yield is calculated after sampling analysis, and the yield of the ethanolamine is 25%.