阅读说明：本技术 一种提高高温合金锻件组织均匀性的锻造方法 (Forging method for improving structural uniformity of high-temperature alloy forging ) 是由 刘刚伟 张国伟 汤育玺 翟江波 舒睿昶 刘军 李阳 王东 于 2020-11-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于锻造热加工领域,涉及一种提高高温合金锻件组织均匀性的锻造方法。该方法包括：将高温合金棒料加工成荒形并将荒形加热到锻造温度；将工装模具预热至预热温度；将工装模具在预定时间内安装至锻造设备上；按照工艺要求的锤击变形量对荒形锤击3～5次得到高温合金锻件。本发明减少了相同锻件在油压机锻造产生的冷摸组织以及对击锤上的变形不可控所导致的锻件组织缺陷。(The invention belongs to the field of forging hot working, and relates to a forging method for improving the structure uniformity of a high-temperature alloy forging. The method comprises the following steps: processing a high-temperature alloy bar into a rough shape and heating the rough shape to a forging temperature; preheating the tooling die to a preheating temperature; mounting the tooling die on forging equipment within preset time; and hammering the pierced billet 3-5 times according to the hammering deformation required by the process to obtain the high-temperature alloy forging. The invention reduces the cold-touch structure generated by forging the same forge piece in an oil press and the forge piece structure defects caused by uncontrollable deformation on a hammer.)

1. A forging method for improving structural uniformity of a superalloy forging, the method being performed by means of a large screw press, comprising:

processing a high-temperature alloy bar into a rough shape and heating the rough shape to a forging temperature;

preheating the tooling die to a preheating temperature;

mounting the tooling die on forging equipment within preset time;

and hammering the pierced billet 3-5 times according to the hammering deformation required by the process to obtain the high-temperature alloy forging.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature alloy forging is obtained by hammering the pierced billet 3-5 times according to the hammering deformation amount required by the process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

under the condition of one-shot forming, the energy of the first hammering is 30-70% of the total energy, the speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s, the deformation amount of the rough shape is 5-10%, the energy of the subsequent hammering is 70-90% of the total energy, and the speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s or 30-50% of the deformation amount of the rough shape.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature alloy forging is obtained by hammering the pierced billet 3-5 times according to the hammering deformation amount required by the process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

under the condition of multi-fire molding, the first fire, the energy of the first hammering is 30-70% of the total energy, the speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s and the deformation of the pierced blank is 5-10%, the energy of the subsequent hammering is 70-90% of the total energy, the speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s or 30-50% of the deformation of the pierced blank;

hammering for the second fire and the subsequent fire for 3-5 times, wherein the energy of each hammering is more than 50% of the total energy, and the speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the high-temperature alloy forging is obtained by hammering the pierced billet 3-5 times according to the hammering deformation amount required by the process, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

under the condition of multi-fire molding, the first fire, the energy of the first hammering is 30% -70% of the total energy, the speed is 0.2 m/s-0.5 m/s and the deformation of the pierced blank is 5% -10%, the energy of the subsequent hammering is 70% -90% of the total energy, the speed is 0.2 m/s-0.5 m/s and the deformation of the pierced blank is 30% -50%;

hammering for the second fire and the subsequent fire for 3-5 times, wherein the displacement of each hammering is determined according to the deformation required by the process.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein machining the superalloy rod into a rough shape comprises:

according to the process requirements, the high-temperature alloy bar stock is subjected to upsetting, forging, punching, machining and polishing to form the required rough shape.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pre-heating temperature is from 150 ℃ to 450 ℃.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the predetermined time is less than 30 min.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mounting of the tooling die to the forging apparatus within a predetermined time period comprises:

and (4) mounting the tooling die on the forging equipment within 20 minutes by using a tooling replacement system.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of forging hot working, and relates to a forging method for improving the structure uniformity of a high-temperature alloy forging.

Background

The high-temperature alloy is an important structural material in the modern machinery manufacturing industry, and particularly has wide application in key parts at the hot end of an aircraft engine and a gas turbine, the mass proportion of the high-temperature alloy on the aircraft engine exceeds 50 percent, and most of the high-temperature alloy belongs to deformed high-temperature alloy formed by pressure processing, so that the selection of a deformation mode has a very important influence on the material structure performance, and therefore, with the continuous development of large thrust and large size of the aircraft engine, the requirements on forging capability and difficulty are also improved.

The high-temperature alloy can not change the size of austenite grains through phase change recrystallization, so the recrystallization degree in different deformation processes determines the structure size of the finished product of the forge piece, and secondly, the high-temperature alloy has high alloying degree and larger deformation resistance than other materials, and how to realize uniform deformation and good forming effect puts higher requirements on forging equipment and process technology.

Most of the current large and medium high-temperature alloy forgings are realized by a large-tonnage oil press, the deformation speed of a common oil press is limited, the recrystallization of the high-temperature alloy is unfavorable, the contact time of a die and the forgings is long, the forgings are easy to generate a cold desert structure, in addition, the controllability of a common impact hammer is poor, the deformation amount of the forgings cannot be effectively controlled, the repeated impact deviation is large, inevitable technical difficulties exist in producing high-performance high-temperature alloy disc forgings, and therefore the large-batch and stable production of the high-performance high-temperature alloy forgings is restricted.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is: by means of a high-controllability large screw press, a forging method for improving the structure uniformity of a high-temperature alloy forging is provided, and the problems that the cold film structure of the high-temperature alloy forging produced by a conventional forging method is thick, and the structure deformation of each part of the forging is uneven are solved.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

in a first aspect, there is provided a forging method for improving the structural homogeneity of a superalloy forging, the method being performed by means of a large screw press, comprising:

processing a high-temperature alloy bar into a rough shape and heating the rough shape to a forging temperature;

preheating the tooling die to a preheating temperature;

mounting the tooling die on forging equipment within preset time;

and hammering the pierced billet 3-5 times according to the hammering deformation required by the process to obtain the high-temperature alloy forging.

Further, hammering the shape of a waster block 3 ~ 5 times according to the hammering deflection of technological requirement obtains the superalloy forging, specifically includes:

under the condition of one-shot forming, the energy of the first hammering is 30-70% of the total energy, the speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s, the deformation amount of the rough shape is 5-10%, the energy of the subsequent hammering is 70-90% of the total energy, and the speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s or 30-50% of the deformation amount of the rough shape.

Further, hammering the shape of a waster block 3 ~ 5 times according to the hammering deflection of technological requirement obtains the superalloy forging, specifically includes:

under the condition of multi-fire molding, the first fire, the energy of the first hammering is 30-70% of the total energy, the speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s and the deformation of the pierced blank is 5-10%, the energy of the subsequent hammering is 70-90% of the total energy, the speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s or 30-50% of the deformation of the pierced blank;

hammering for the second fire and the subsequent fire for 3-5 times, wherein the energy of each hammering is more than 50% of the total energy, and the speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s.

Further, hammering the shape of a waster block 3 ~ 5 times according to the hammering deflection of technological requirement obtains the superalloy forging, specifically includes:

under the condition of multi-fire molding, the first fire, the energy of the first hammering is 30% -70% of the total energy, the speed is 0.2 m/s-0.5 m/s and the deformation of the pierced blank is 5% -10%, the energy of the subsequent hammering is 70% -90% of the total energy, the speed is 0.2 m/s-0.5 m/s and the deformation of the pierced blank is 30% -50%;

hammering for the second fire and the subsequent fire for 3-5 times, wherein the displacement of each hammering is determined according to the deformation required by the process.

Further, the high-temperature alloy bar stock is processed into a rough shape, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

according to the process requirements, the high-temperature alloy bar stock is subjected to upsetting, forging, punching, machining and polishing to form the required rough shape.

Further, the preheating temperature is 150-450 ℃.

Further, the predetermined time is less than 30 min.

Further, install the frock mould to forging equipment in the predetermined time on, specifically include: and (4) mounting the tooling die on the forging equipment within 20 minutes by using a tooling replacement system.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, by reasonably controlling the technological parameters of the forging equipment, the forging control capability is enhanced, the cold desert structure generated by forging the same forging piece in an oil press and the forging piece structure defects caused by uncontrollable deformation on a striking hammer are reduced to the maximum extent, and the large and medium high-temperature alloy disc forging piece with qualified structure performance is produced.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The large-scale screw press used in the invention has the characteristics of large forging capability, high equipment controllability, high striking efficiency and the like, and can effectively control the deformation of the forged piece, thereby providing better forging conditions for the forging of high-temperature alloy difficult to deform. The large and medium high-temperature alloy disc forgings with the structure performance meeting the requirements of relevant standards can be smoothly produced by reasonably designing process parameters (hammering times, hammering energy, hammering deformation and the like). The forging method for improving the structural uniformity of the high-temperature alloy forging comprises the following steps:

step 1: incoming material control

Cutting and blanking the bar according to the technical requirements, upsetting, forging, punching to prepare a blank, machining to control the shape and size of the block, preheating the high-temperature alloy block by adopting steps in the heating process, determining the calculation coefficient of the heat preservation time of each stage, heating the cold material and preheating the temperature: the temperature is 850-900 ℃, the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.8 min/mm-0.9 min/mm, the high temperature is 1000-1050 ℃, the heat preservation time is calculated according to 0.6 min/mm-0.8 min/mm, and the high temperature heat preservation time of the hot material returning to the furnace is calculated according to 0.5 min/mm-0.6 min/mm. Heating the rough shape to the forging temperature according to the heating system.

Step 2: tooling control

The used tooling die is preheated before forging, the preheating temperature is 150-450 ℃, and the cracking caused by too fast reduction of the surface temperature of the blank is prevented.

And 4, step 4: change frock

And (3) installing the preheated die to the upper hammer and the lower hammer within 30min by using a special die changing trolley, debugging and determining that the die and the equipment are normal.

And 5: forging process control

Controlling hammering parameters of each fire according to the technical requirements of the process, proposing 3-5 hammers for the high-temperature alloy, setting the hammering speed according to 0.2-0.5 m/s, for example, in one-shot forming, the first hammer is required to strike by 30-70% of the total energy of the equipment, the deformation is controlled by about 5-10%, the subsequent hammer is controlled by 70-90% of the energy and 30-50% of the deformation to form and strike, for example, in multi-fire forging, the first hammer is used for hammering by 30-70% of the total energy of the equipment, the deformation is controlled to be about 5-10%, the subsequent hammering energy is controlled to be 70-90% and the deformation is controlled to be 30-50% for forming hammering, and the second fire and the subsequent fire can directly carry out continuous hammering by 3-5 hammers of large energy (more than 50%) per fire or set the hammering displacement per hammer for forging with a certain deformation through the deformation control.

Example (b):

the technical solution of the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples:

the method is adopted to produce a large IN718 alloy forging, the forging profile is phi 830 +/-5 multiplied by 280 +/-5, the forging is similar to a horn shape, and the size of a part is phi 800 multiplied by 270 +/-1; materials: 718, class i of forging, specification of blanking required by process specifications: phi 300X 1100mm, weight 638 kg. The projected area is about 0.54m2, and the overall performance index and the grain size requirement of the forging piece meet the requirements of MAS7001 standard.

The forging steps are detailed as follows:

the first step is as follows: carrying out 2-3 times of upsetting deformation on a bar with the specification of phi 300 multiplied by 1100mm, and machining a rough shape;

the second step is that: preheating and spraying a rough shape with the outline of phi 600 multiplied by 270, and heating and preserving heat at 980-1050 ℃;

the third step: placing the die on equipment for forging by adopting a special die changing trolley within 30min before forging;

the fourth step: as the center of the forging is designed in a spherical surface of SR80, the thickness of the root of a horn is thinner than the cross sections of other wheel rims and the like, the horn part of the forging is thicker, the deformation is difficult during forming, and the performance disqualification phenomenon is easily caused at the part with the larger thickness, the striking hammer number is set to be 4 hammers through the die forging process production related by the invention, each striking speed is 0.2-0.5 m/s, the striking energy is 40-90%, the deformation amount of a first hammer is controlled within 10%, and the deformation amount of a second hammer to a third hammer is controlled within 50%.

The high-temperature alloy forging forged by the method has good surface quality, and the performance index completely meets the requirements of MAS-7001 standard.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the present invention.