阅读说明：本技术 一种光缆以及光缆铺设方法 (Optical cable and optical cable laying method ) 是由 谭俊 冯圣文 于 2019-09-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请实施例公开了一种光缆以及光缆铺设方法,用于实现流体管道中全管道的光缆铺设。本申请实施例提供一种光缆,其具体结构如下：该光缆包括光纤、光纤的浮力调节装置和牵引装置；其中,该牵引装置与该光纤相连,用于利用该流体管道内的流体介质的流体推动力牵引该光缆沿该流体介质的流动方向前进或者利用该流体介质的流体推动力固定该光缆；而该浮力调节装置包裹该光纤,用于调节该光缆的密度,使得该光缆浮在该流体管道中。(The embodiment of the application discloses an optical cable and an optical cable laying method, which are used for realizing the optical cable laying of a whole pipeline in a fluid pipeline. The embodiment of the application provides an optical cable, its concrete structure as follows: the optical cable comprises an optical fiber, a buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber and a traction device; the traction device is connected with the optical fiber and used for utilizing the fluid driving force of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline to pull the optical cable to advance along the flowing direction of the fluid medium or utilizing the fluid driving force of the fluid medium to fix the optical cable; and the buoyancy adjusting device wraps the optical fiber and is used for adjusting the density of the optical cable so that the optical cable floats in the fluid pipeline.)

1. An optical cable for use in a fluid conduit, comprising:

the optical fiber, the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber and the traction device;

the traction device is connected with the optical fiber and used for utilizing the fluid driving force in the fluid pipeline to pull the optical cable to advance along the fluid direction of the fluid pipeline or utilizing the fluid driving force in the fluid pipeline to fix the optical cable;

the buoyancy adjusting device wraps the optical fiber and is used for adjusting the density of the optical cable so that the optical cable floats in the fluid pipeline.

2. The fiber optic cable of claim 1, wherein the buoyancy adjusting device includes a filler having a density less than a density of a fluid medium within the fluid conduit.

3. The optical cable of claim 1, wherein the surface material of the buoyancy adjusting device is a material that dissolves in a fluid medium in the fluid conduit.

4. A cable as claimed in claim 2 or 3, wherein the buoyancy adjusting means is a sealing membrane; or, the buoyancy regulating device is a suspension capsule array.

5. The optical cable of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pulling means comprises a slip ring, a connecting rod, an arcuate pulling surface, an umbrella-shaped membrane, a fixing bayonet, and a support rod;

one end of the support rod is connected with the end face of the optical fiber and used for fixing the traction device;

the sliding ring penetrates through the supporting rod and is connected with one end of the connecting rod;

the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the arc-shaped traction surface;

the arc-shaped traction surface is used for utilizing the fluid driving force in the fluid pipeline to pull the optical cable to advance along the fluid direction of the fluid pipeline or utilizing the fluid driving force in the fluid pipeline to fix the optical cable;

the arc-shaped traction surface covers the umbrella-shaped film, and filler is contained in the umbrella-shaped film and used for adjusting the density of the traction device so that the traction device floats in the fluid pipeline;

the fixed bayonet is located at a preset position, close to the optical fiber, of the support rod and used for fixing the sliding ring.

6. The optical cable of claim 5, wherein the surface material of the umbrella-shaped membrane is a material that dissolves in a fluid medium in the fluid conduit.

7. The fiber optic cable of any of claims 1-4, wherein the pulling device comprises a spherical membrane, a hemispherical structure, and a support structure comprising axial rollers;

one end of the supporting structure is an axial roller, and the axial roller is connected with the hemispherical structure so that the hemispherical structure rotates by using the axial roller;

the other end of the supporting structure is connected with the end face of the optical fiber and used for fixing the traction device;

the spherical film wraps the hemispherical structure, the spherical film comprises a filler, and the filler is used for utilizing the fluid driving force in the fluid pipeline to pull the optical cable to advance along the fluid direction of the fluid pipeline and adjusting the density of the pulling device, so that the pulling device floats in the fluid pipeline.

8. The optical cable of claim 7, wherein the surface material of the spherical membrane is a material that dissolves in a fluid medium in the fluid conduit.

9. Optical cable according to any of claims 2 to 8, wherein the filling is a liquid or a gas, wherein the liquid has a density lower than the density of the fluid medium in the fluid conduit, the gas has a density lower than the density of the fluid medium in the fluid conduit, and a safe state is present between the gas or the liquid and the fluid medium.

10. The fiber optic cable of any of claims 1-9, wherein the buoyancy adjustment device is further configured to adjust a density of the fiber optic cable to be greater than a density of a fluid medium in the fluid conduit such that the fiber optic cable is secured to an inner wall of the fluid conduit.

11. An optical cable laying method for laying an optical cable as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 in a fluid conduit, comprising:

loading a pressure balancing device outside a pipeline valve of the fluid pipeline, wherein the pressure balancing device is used for balancing the pressure inside and outside the pipeline valve;

introducing the optical cable from the pipeline valve when the pressure inside and outside the pipeline valve is balanced;

and drawing the optical cable to advance along the fluid direction of the fluid pipeline by utilizing the fluid propelling force in the fluid pipeline to finish the laying of the optical cable.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:

in the process of laying the optical cable, filling a filler into the buoyancy regulating device so that the density of the optical cable is less than or equal to that of a fluid medium in the fluid pipeline;

when the optical cable is laid, releasing the filler in the buoyancy regulating device so that the density of the optical cable is greater than that of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein when the surface material of the buoyancy regulating device is a material that is soluble in a fluid medium in the fluid conduit, the method further comprises:

in the process of laying the optical cable, the surface material of the buoyancy regulating device is dissolved, the filler permeates out of the surface material of the buoyancy regulating device, and the density of the optical cable is gradually increased until the density of the optical cable is greater than that of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline.

14. The method of claim 11, wherein the pulling device comprises an umbrella-shaped membrane, the method comprising:

in the laying process of the optical cable, filling filler into the umbrella-shaped film so that the density of the traction device is less than or equal to that of a fluid medium in the fluid pipeline;

and releasing the filler in the umbrella-shaped film when the optical cable is laid, so that the density of the traction device is greater than that of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline.

15. The method of claim 11, wherein the pulling device comprises an umbrella-shaped membrane having a surface material that is soluble in a fluid medium in the fluid conduit, the method further comprising:

in the process of laying the optical cable, the surface material of the umbrella-shaped film is dissolved, the filler permeates out of the surface material of the umbrella-shaped film, and the density of the traction device is gradually increased until the density of the traction device is greater than that of a fluid medium in the fluid pipeline.

16. The method of claim 11, wherein the traction device comprises a spherical membrane, the method comprising:

during the laying process of the optical cable, filling filler into the spherical film so as to enable the density of the traction device to be less than or equal to that of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline;

and when the optical cable is laid, releasing the filler in the spherical film so that the density of the traction device is greater than that of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline.

17. The method of claim 11, wherein the pulling device comprises a spherical membrane having a surface material that is soluble in a fluid medium in the fluid conduit, the method further comprising:

in the process of laying the optical cable, the surface material of the spherical film is dissolved, the filler permeates out of the surface material of the spherical film, and the density of the optical fiber traction device is gradually increased until the density of the optical fiber traction device is greater than that of a fluid medium in the fluid pipeline.

Technical Field

The application relates to the field of communication, in particular to an optical cable and an optical cable laying method.

Background

Along with the construction of national infrastructure, oil gas pipeline, water pipe etc. all carry out the unity and lay, and these pipelines all need to realize pipeline health supervision and leak the detection urgently usually. In the traditional detection, most of detection modes are methods such as negative pressure wave and flow balance, the detected positioning accuracy is about 50 meters nominally, the actual positioning accuracy is greater than 100 meters, and the positioning accuracy is poor, so that the problems of high maintenance and excavation cost and the like are caused. At present, the distributed optical fiber sensing adopts an optical time domain reflection technology, the positioning precision can reach 0.2 meter, the single fiber measuring distance can reach 50 kilometers, and the optical fiber adopts a common communication optical cable, so that the distributed optical fiber sensing has the advantages of ultra-long distance detection, accurate positioning, low cost and the like, and increasingly becomes a preferred technology for pipeline monitoring.

The basis for realizing the distributed optical fiber sensing technology is to lay optical fibers along with a pipeline, but the existing optical fiber laying is to lay the optical fibers by adopting a pre-customized pipeline groove or to draw and lay the optical fibers in the pipeline by a water pump, an air pump, a propeller or a pipeline nondestructive robot.

However, these laying methods all have corresponding problems, for example, when the pre-customized pipeline groove is adopted to lay the optical fiber, the original pipeline needs to be dismantled and a new pipeline needs to be laid again, which has great reconstruction difficulty and high cost for the buried pipeline; when the water pump, the air pump, the propeller or the pipeline nondestructive robot pulls and lays the optical fiber in the pipeline, the propeller cannot be applied in a liquid scene generally, and the pipeline nondestructive robot cannot be applied in a small pipeline scene. These are all problems that need to be solved urgently at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides an optical cable and an optical cable laying method, which are used for realizing the optical cable laying of a whole pipeline in a fluid pipeline.

In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an optical cable, which has a specific structure as follows: the optical cable comprises an optical fiber, a buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber and a traction device; the traction device is connected with the optical fiber and used for utilizing the fluid driving force of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline to pull the optical cable to advance along the flowing direction of the fluid medium or utilizing the fluid driving force of the fluid medium to fix the optical cable; and the buoyancy adjusting device wraps the optical fiber and is used for adjusting the density of the optical cable so that the optical cable floats in the fluid pipeline.

It is understood that the buoyancy adjusting device may also adjust the density of the optical cable after the optical cable is laid, so that the density of the optical cable is greater than the density of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, thereby allowing the optical cable to sink and be fixed to the inner wall of the fluid pipeline.

In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the optical fiber is prefabricated into an optical cable that can be suspended or floated in the fluid medium of the fluid conduit, and the pulling device can utilize the fluid driving force of the advancing fluid medium, so that the pulling device carries the optical cable to lay forward. When the laying is completed, the density of the optical cable is adjusted so that the optical cable can be sunk and fixed to the inner wall of the fluid conduit, thereby completing the optical cable laying. The optical fiber can be prefabricated according to the specific conditions of the fluid medium, so that the optical fiber can be laid in any fluid medium, and meanwhile, the optical fiber is laid by utilizing the fluid driving force of the fluid medium, the structure is simple, and the laying is simpler.

Optionally, the buoyancy regulating device comprises a filler, wherein the density of the filler is less than the density of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline.

Further, the surface material of the buoyancy adjusting device is a material dissolved in a fluid medium in the fluid pipeline. In this embodiment, the surface material of the buoyancy adjusting device may be produced as a rough surface, for example, the surface material may be a flannelette with a rough surface or a slope surface with a rough surface, etc.

Based on the above solution, optionally, in a possible implementation manner, the buoyancy adjusting device is a sealing film.

In another possible implementation, the buoyancy adjusting device is a suspension capsule array. It will be appreciated that the buoyancy regulating device may be produced in a variety of forms and is not limited to the two versions provided in this embodiment, for example the buoyancy regulating device may be produced in a tubular array. In this embodiment, as long as the buoyancy adjusting device can realize filling of the filler and can adjust the density of the optical cable, the specific form is not limited here.

Optionally, the traction device may include the following solutions:

in one possible implementation mode, the traction device comprises a sliding ring, a connecting rod, an arc traction surface, an umbrella-shaped film, a fixing bayonet and a supporting rod; wherein, one end of the supporting rod is connected with the end face of the optical fiber and is used for fixing the traction device; then the slip ring passes through the supporting rod, the slip ring is connected with one end of the connecting rod, and the other end of the connecting rod is connected with the arc traction surface, so that the slip ring can slide on the supporting rod, and the arc traction surface is driven to open or close through the connecting rod. When the arc traction surface is opened, the optical cable is pulled to advance along the fluid direction of the fluid pipeline by using the fluid driving force of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline; when the arc-shaped traction surface is folded, the traction device is fixed on the inner wall of the fluid pipeline by utilizing the reverse fluid driving force of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline. Meanwhile, the umbrella-shaped film is covered on the arc-shaped traction surface, wherein the umbrella-shaped film comprises a filler which is used for adjusting the density of the traction device, so that the traction device floats in the fluid pipeline in the laying process of the optical cable. The fixing bayonet is positioned at a preset position of the support rod close to the optical fiber and used for fixing the sliding ring, so that the arc-shaped traction surface is not re-opened due to the fluid pushing force after being folded.

Optionally, the surface material of the umbrella-shaped film is a material dissolved in a fluid medium in the fluid pipeline. It can be understood that if the umbrella-shaped film is in a product form that the inlet (i.e. a pipeline valve) of the optical cable is filled with the filler so as to adjust the density of the optical cable, and the material of the surface of the umbrella-shaped film is insoluble in the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, the umbrella-shaped film and the buoyancy adjusting device wrapped on the optical fiber are in an integrated structure, i.e. the umbrella-shaped film and the buoyancy adjusting device are in an integrated structure, and the operation of filling the filler or releasing the filler can be simultaneously completed. If the umbrella-shaped film is manufactured in advance and filled with the filler, and the material of the surface of the umbrella-shaped film is a material dissolved in a fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, the umbrella-shaped film and the buoyancy adjusting device wrapped on the optical fiber can be independent two parts or can be an integral structure, and the specific situation is not limited here. Meanwhile, when the traction device also comprises a buoyancy adjusting device, the adjusting directions of the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device and the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber are consistent, namely if the density of the optical cable needs to be reduced, the density of both the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device and the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber is reduced; if the density of the optical cable needs to be increased, the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device and the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber are decreased in density.

In another possible implementation, the traction device comprises a spherical membrane, a hemispherical structure and a support structure comprising axial rollers; one end of the supporting structure is an axial roller, and the axial roller is connected with the hemispherical structure so that the hemispherical structure can rotate around the axial roller; the other end of the supporting structure is connected with the end face of the optical fiber and used for fixing the traction device; the spherical film wraps the hemispherical structure, and the filler is filled into the spherical film in the process of laying the optical cable, so that the spherical film can expand, and the optical cable is pulled to advance along the fluid direction of the fluid pipeline by utilizing the fluid driving force in the fluid pipeline. Meanwhile, after the spherical film is filled with the filler, the density of the traction device can be adjusted, so that the traction device floats in the fluid pipeline in the laying process of the optical cable.

Optionally, the surface material of the spherical membrane is a material dissolved in a fluid medium in the fluid conduit. It can be understood that if the product form of the spherical film is that the inlet of the optical cable (i.e. the pipeline valve) is filled with filler to adjust the density of the optical cable, and the surface material of the spherical film is insoluble in the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, the spherical film and the buoyancy adjusting device wrapped on the optical fiber are integrated into a whole structure, i.e. the spherical film and the buoyancy adjusting device are integrated into a whole structure, and the operation of filling or releasing the filler can be completed simultaneously. If the spherical film is made in advance and filled with the filler, and the surface of the spherical film is made of a material dissolved in a fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, the spherical film and the buoyancy adjusting device wrapped on the optical fiber can be independent two parts or can be an integral structure, and the specific situation is not limited here. Meanwhile, when the traction device also comprises a buoyancy adjusting device, the adjusting directions of the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device and the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber are consistent, namely if the density of the optical cable needs to be reduced, the density of both the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device and the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber is reduced; if the density of the optical cable needs to be increased, the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device and the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber are decreased in density.

Optionally, the filler is a liquid or a gas, wherein the density of the liquid is less than or equal to the density of the fluid medium, and the density of the gas is less than or equal to the density of the fluid medium. It will be appreciated that in the event that the liquid or the gas may permeate the buoyancy regulating device, there is a safe condition between the liquid or the gas and the fluid medium. That is, the liquid or gas does not cause the fluid medium to be deteriorated or cause accidents such as explosion.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an optical cable laying method for laying an optical cable described in the first aspect in a fluid pipeline, which includes:

when the optical cable is laid, a pressure balancing device is added at a pipeline valve of the fluid pipeline, wherein the pressure balancing device is used for balancing the internal pressure and the external pressure of the pipeline valve; then leading the optical cable from the pipeline valve after the internal pressure and the external pressure of the pipeline valve are balanced; finally, the optical cable is drawn to advance along the fluid direction of the fluid pipeline by utilizing the fluid driving force of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, so that the laying of the optical cable is completed; finally, after the optical cable is laid, the optical cable is fixed on the inner wall of the fluid pipeline.

In the technical solution provided in this embodiment, the optical fiber is prefabricated into an optical cable that can be suspended or floated in the fluid medium of the fluid conduit, and the pulling device can utilize the fluid driving force of the advancing fluid medium, so that the pulling device carries the optical cable to lay forward. When the laying is completed, the density of the optical cable is adjusted so that the optical cable can be sunk and fixed to the inner wall of the fluid conduit, thereby completing the optical cable laying. The optical fiber can be prefabricated according to the specific conditions of the fluid medium, so that the optical fiber can be laid in any fluid medium, and meanwhile, the optical fiber is laid by utilizing the fluid driving force of the fluid medium, the structure is simple, and the laying is simpler.

Optionally, if the buoyancy adjusting device is in the form of a product filled with a filler at the inlet, during the laying process of the optical cable, filling the filler into the buoyancy adjusting device at the inlet of the optical cable so that the density of the optical cable is less than or equal to the density of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, thereby realizing that the optical cable can be suspended or floated in the fluid medium; finally, after the optical cable is laid, the filling material in the buoyancy regulating device is released at the optical cable inlet so that the density of the optical cable is greater than that of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, and therefore the optical cable can sink in the fluid medium and be fixed on the inner wall of the fluid pipeline. It will be appreciated that the orientation of the cable may also be adjusted in real time through the fill inlet of the cable inlet. Therefore, the filling materials are filled into or released from the buoyancy adjusting device in real time in the laying process, so that the laying progress of the optical cable can be more effectively adjusted.

Optionally, when the surface material of the buoyancy adjusting device is a material of a fluid medium dissolved in the fluid pipeline, before laying the optical cable, the buoyancy adjusting device needs to be filled with a filler, and then the prefabricated optical cable is introduced through a pipeline valve; then, during the laying process of the optical cable, the surface material of the buoyancy regulating device is slowly dissolved, so that the filler can slowly permeate through the surface material of the buoyancy regulating device, thereby gradually increasing the density of the optical cable until the density of the optical cable is greater than that of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, and the optical cable is sunk in the fluid medium of the fluid pipeline after the laying is completed and is fixed on the inner wall of the fluid pipeline. It will be appreciated that the design of the surface material of the buoyancy regulating device may be determined according to the actual condition of the fluid medium and the lay length. Determining the thickness of the surface material according to the paving distance, for example, under the condition that the dissolving speed of the surface material in the fluid medium is determined; or under the condition that the thickness of the surface material is determined, selecting the material of the surface material according to the fluid medium so as to realize that the dissolution speed of the surface material in the fluid medium can meet the laying requirement of the optical cable.

It will be appreciated that the surface material of the buoyancy regulating device may also be made soluble in the fluid medium when the buoyancy regulating device is in the form of a product in which the inlet is filled with a filling. The combination of the two schemes can conveniently adjust the density of the optical cable in time in the laying process of the optical cable.

Optionally, if the pulling device comprises an umbrella-shaped film, and the umbrella-shaped film is in a product form that a filler is filled in the inlet, during the laying process of the optical cable, the filler is filled in the umbrella-shaped film at the inlet of the optical cable, so that the density of the optical cable is less than or equal to the density of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, and thus the optical cable can be suspended or floated in the fluid medium; finally, after the optical cable is laid, the filler in the umbrella-shaped film is released at the optical cable inlet so that the density of the optical cable is greater than that of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, and therefore the optical cable can sink in the fluid medium and be fixed on the inner wall of the fluid pipeline. It will be appreciated that the orientation of the cable may also be adjusted in real time through the fill inlet of the cable inlet. Therefore, the filling materials are filled into or released from the umbrella-shaped film in real time in the laying process, so that the laying progress of the optical cable can be more effectively adjusted. It will be appreciated that, on the basis of the above-described solution, the umbrella-shaped membrane and the buoyancy regulating device may be designed as a one-piece construction, so that the filling or release of the filler of the umbrella-shaped membrane and the buoyancy regulating device can be achieved at the inlet location via a filling opening. Of course, the umbrella-shaped film and the buoyancy regulating device can also be designed into two independent structures, so that two filling inlets are required to be arranged at the inlet position of the optical cable for filling or releasing the filler for the umbrella-shaped film and the buoyancy regulating device respectively.

Optionally, if the traction device includes an umbrella-shaped film, and the product form of the umbrella-shaped film is that the material of the surface of the umbrella-shaped film is a material dissolved in a fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, before laying the optical cable, the filler needs to be filled into the umbrella-shaped film, and then the optical cable is introduced into the prefabricated optical cable through a pipeline valve; then, during the laying process of the optical cable, the surface material of the umbrella-shaped film is slowly dissolved, so that the filler can slowly permeate through the surface material of the umbrella-shaped film, thereby gradually increasing the density of the optical cable until the density of the optical cable is greater than that of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, and the optical cable is settled in the fluid medium of the fluid pipeline after the laying is completed and is fixed on the inner wall of the fluid pipeline. It can be understood that the design scheme of the surface material of the umbrella-shaped film can be determined according to the actual condition of the fluid medium and the laying distance. Determining the thickness of the surface material according to the paving distance, for example, under the condition that the dissolving speed of the surface material in the fluid medium is determined; or under the condition that the thickness of the surface material is determined, selecting the material of the surface material according to the fluid medium so as to realize that the dissolution speed of the surface material in the fluid medium can meet the laying requirement of the optical cable.

It will be appreciated that the surface material of the umbrella-shaped membrane may also be made soluble in the fluid medium when the umbrella-shaped membrane is in the form of a product in which the inlet is filled with a filling. The combination of the two schemes can conveniently adjust the density of the optical cable in time in the laying process of the optical cable.

Optionally, if the pulling device comprises a spherical film and the spherical film is in the form of a product filled with a filler at an inlet, during the laying of the optical cable, filling the filler into the spherical film at the cable inlet so that the density of the optical cable is less than or equal to the density of the fluid medium in the fluid conduit, thereby achieving that the optical cable can be suspended or floated in the fluid medium; finally, after the optical cable is laid, the filler in the spherical film is released at the optical cable inlet so that the density of the optical cable is greater than that of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, thereby realizing that the optical cable can sink in the fluid medium and be fixed on the inner wall of the fluid pipeline. It will be appreciated that the orientation of the cable may also be adjusted in real time through the fill inlet of the cable inlet. Therefore, the filling materials are filled into or released from the spherical film in real time in the laying process, so that the laying progress of the optical cable can be more effectively adjusted. It will be appreciated that, on the basis of the above-described solution, the spherical membrane and the buoyancy regulating device may be designed as a one-piece construction, so that the filling or release of the spherical membrane and the buoyancy regulating device can be achieved at the inlet location via a filling opening. Of course, the spherical membrane and the buoyancy adjusting device can also be designed into two independent structures, so that two filling inlets are required to be arranged at the inlet position of the optical cable for filling or releasing the filler for the spherical membrane and the buoyancy adjusting device respectively.

Optionally, if the traction device includes a spherical film, and the spherical film is in a product form that the surface material of the spherical film is a material dissolved in the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, before the optical cable is laid, the spherical film is filled with a filler, and then the optical cable is introduced into the prefabricated optical cable through a pipeline valve; then, during the laying process of the optical cable, the surface material of the spherical film is slowly dissolved, so that the filler can slowly permeate through the surface material of the spherical film, thereby gradually increasing the density of the optical cable until the density of the optical cable is greater than that of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, and the optical cable is settled in the fluid medium of the fluid pipeline after the laying is finished and is fixed on the inner wall of the fluid pipeline. It is understood that the design of the surface material of the spherical membrane can be determined according to the actual condition of the fluid medium and the laying distance. Determining the thickness of the surface material according to the paving distance, for example, under the condition that the dissolving speed of the surface material in the fluid medium is determined; or under the condition that the thickness of the surface material is determined, selecting the material of the surface material according to the fluid medium so as to realize that the dissolution speed of the surface material in the fluid medium can meet the laying requirement of the optical cable.

It will be appreciated that the surface material of the spherical membrane may also be made soluble in the fluid medium when the spherical membrane is in the form of a product that is filled with filler at the inlet. The combination of the two schemes can conveniently adjust the density of the optical cable in time in the laying process of the optical cable.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a solution for propelling an optical cable with an air pump and a water pump;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fiber optic cable according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the buoyancy adjusting device for an optical fiber cable according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is another schematic structural view of the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical cable according to the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a partial enlarged structure of a suspension capsule array according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged partial schematic view of a tubular structure according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a configuration of a pulling device for fiber optic cables according to embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the force applied to the pulling device during the laying process of the optical cable according to the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the traction device under stress when the cable is completely laid according to the embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 10 is another schematic view of a pulling device for fiber optic cables according to embodiments of the present application;

FIG. 11 is a force diagram of a pulling device during cable laying according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 is a schematic force diagram of a pulling device when cable laying is completed according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 13 is a schematic view of a specific configuration of a fiber optic cable according to an embodiment of the present application;

FIG. 14 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a fiber optic cable according to the present application;

fig. 15 is a schematic structural view of a cable laying system according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The embodiment of the application provides an optical cable and an optical cable laying method, which are used for realizing the optical cable laying of a whole pipeline in a fluid pipeline.

The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description and in the claims of the present application and in the drawings described above, if any, are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It will be appreciated that the data so used may be interchanged under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments described herein may be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Along with the construction of national infrastructure, oil gas pipeline, water pipe etc. all carry out the unity and lay, and these pipelines all need to realize pipeline health supervision and leak the detection urgently usually. In the traditional detection, most of detection modes are methods such as negative pressure wave and flow balance, the detected positioning accuracy is about 50 meters nominally, the actual positioning accuracy is greater than 100 meters, and the positioning accuracy is poor, so that the problems of high maintenance and excavation cost and the like are caused. At present, the distributed optical fiber sensing adopts an optical time domain reflection technology, the positioning precision can reach 0.2 meter, the single fiber measuring distance can reach 50 kilometers, and the optical fiber adopts a common communication optical cable, so that the distributed optical fiber sensing has the advantages of ultra-long distance detection, accurate positioning, low cost and the like, and increasingly becomes a preferred technology for pipeline monitoring. The basis for realizing the distributed optical fiber sensing technology is to lay optical fibers along with a pipeline, but the existing optical fiber laying is to lay the optical fibers by adopting a pre-customized pipeline groove or to draw and lay the optical fibers in the pipeline by a water pump, an air pump, a propeller or a pipeline nondestructive robot. In the scheme shown in fig. 1, the optical fiber is laid by connecting the optical cable to the sealing structure, then loading the optical cable into the pipeline, and pushing the optical cable to advance through the air pump, the water pump and the propeller until the optical cable is laid to the other end of the pipeline. And then the guiding sealing structure and the propeller are dismantled, residual water in the pipeline is blown out by an air pump, and the two ends of the optical cable are fixed to realize the laying of the optical cable.

However, these laying methods all have corresponding problems, for example, when the pre-customized pipeline groove is adopted to lay the optical fiber, the original pipeline needs to be dismantled and a new pipeline needs to be laid again, which has great reconstruction difficulty and high cost for the buried pipeline; when the water pump, the air pump, the propeller or the pipeline nondestructive robot pulls and lays the optical fiber in the pipeline, the propeller cannot be applied in a liquid scene generally, and the pipeline nondestructive robot cannot be applied in a small pipeline scene. These are all problems that need to be solved urgently at present.

In order to solve the problem, an embodiment of the present application provides an optical cable, which has a specific structure as shown in fig. 2: the optical cable 200 comprises an optical fiber 201, a buoyancy adjusting device 202 and a traction device 203 of the optical fiber 201; wherein the pulling device 203 is connected with the optical fiber 201 and is used for pulling the optical cable 200 to advance along the flowing direction of the fluid medium by utilizing the fluid driving force of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline or fixing the optical cable by utilizing the fluid driving force of the fluid medium; and the buoyancy adjusting device 202 is wrapped around the optical fiber 201 for adjusting the density of the optical cable 200 such that the optical cable 200 floats in the fluid conduit.

It is understood that the buoyancy adjusting device 202 may also adjust the density of the optical cable 200 after the optical cable 200 is laid, so that the density of the optical cable 200 is greater than the density of the fluid medium in the fluid conduit, thereby allowing the optical cable 200 to sink and be fixed to the inner wall of the fluid conduit.

Optionally, the buoyancy adjusting device 202 includes a filler therein, wherein the density of the filler is less than the density of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline. Further, the surface material of the buoyancy adjusting device 202 is a material that is soluble in the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline.

In this embodiment, when the surface material of the buoyancy adjusting device 202 is not soluble in the fluid medium, the surface material may be produced as a rough surface. For example, the surface material may be a rough-surfaced lint or a rough-surfaced slope surface, etc. This increases the friction between the cable and the fluid conduit after the cable is bottomed, making the cable less prone to movement.

Based on the above solution, in a possible implementation manner, the buoyancy adjusting device 202 is a sealing film. The specific structure of the cable can now be as shown in fig. 3. The cable 200 includes a pulling device 301 (i.e., corresponding to 203 in fig. 2); an optical fiber core 302, wherein the optical fiber core 302 may be a single mode or multimode or multicore fiber; a protective jacket 303 for protecting the optical fiber core 302 from being damaged by, for example, a strain-break or corrosion of the optical fiber core 302; a sealing film 304, wherein the sealing film 304 may be a sealing and stretchable film, and the sealing film surrounds the protective sheath 303. Wherein the sealing membrane 304 is open as a fill port near the cable entry port for filling with gas or liquid, and the sealing membrane 304 is sealed at its distal end. When gas or liquid is filled into the sealing film 304 from the filling port, the sealing film 304 is expanded, so that the density of the whole optical cable 200 is less than or equal to the density of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, and the optical cable 200 is suspended in the fluid pipeline, so that the friction between the optical cable 200 and the fluid pipeline in the process of laying the optical cable is reduced. After the optical cable 200 reaches a certain length or a designated position, gas or liquid is discharged from the filling port, and the sealing film 304 contracts, so that the overall density of the optical cable 200 is greater than that of a fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, and the optical cable is sunk to complete pipeline laying of the optical cable.

In another possible implementation, the buoyancy adjusting device 202 is a suspension capsule array. The specific structure of the optical cable 200 may be as shown in fig. 4. The cable 200 includes a pulling device 401 (i.e., corresponding to 203 in fig. 2); an optical fiber core 402, wherein the optical fiber core 402 may be a single mode or multimode or multicore fiber; a protective jacket 403 for protecting the optical fiber core 402 from being damaged by, for example, a strain-break or corrosion of the optical fiber core 402; a suspension capsule array 404, wherein the suspension capsule array 404 may be a sealed and stretchable film that covers the protective sheath 403. Wherein the sealing membrane 404 is open as a fill port to fill with gas or liquid at a location near the cable entry port, and the suspended capsule array 404 is sealed distally. When gas or liquid is introduced into the array of suspended capsules 404 from the fill port, the array of suspended capsules 404 expands such that the density of the optical cable 200 as a whole is less than or equal to the density of the fluid medium in the fluid conduit, thereby suspending the optical cable 200 in the fluid conduit and reducing the friction between the optical cable 200 and the fluid conduit during the cable laying process. After the optical cable 200 reaches a certain length or a designated position, gas or liquid is discharged from the charging port, and the suspension capsule array 404 is contracted, so that the overall density of the optical cable 200 is greater than the density of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, and the optical cable is sunk to complete pipeline laying of the optical cable. Wherein a close-up view of the array of suspended capsules 404 can be seen in fig. 5. It is understood that the product form of the buoyancy adjusting device 202 may be varied and is not limited to the two solutions provided in the present embodiment, for example, the product form of the buoyancy adjusting device 202 may be a tubular array as shown in fig. 6. In this embodiment, the specific form is not limited herein as long as the buoyancy adjusting device 202 can realize filling with filler and can adjust the density of the optical cable 200.

In this embodiment, the traction device 203 may include the following solutions:

in one possible implementation, as shown in fig. 7, the pulling device 203 includes a sliding ring 701, a connecting rod 702, an arc-shaped pulling surface 703, an umbrella-shaped film 704, a fixing bayonet 705, and a supporting rod 706; wherein, one end of the supporting rod 706 is connected with the end face of the optical fiber 201 for fixing the traction device 203; then the sliding ring 701 passes through the supporting rod 706, and the sliding ring 701 is connected with one end of the connecting rod 702, and the other end of the connecting rod 702 is connected with the arc-shaped traction surface 703, so that the sliding ring 701 can slide on the supporting rod 706, and the arc-shaped traction surface 703 is driven to open or close by the connecting rod 702. As shown in fig. 8, during the laying process of the optical cable 200, the sliding ring 701 slides to the point a of the support rod 706 (i.e. the end far away from the optical fiber 201), the arc-shaped drawing surface 703 is opened, and the inner side (i.e. the concave surface shown in fig. 8) of the arc-shaped drawing surface 703 is pushed by the fluid of the fluid medium, so as to draw the optical cable 200 to advance along the fluid direction of the fluid pipeline. As shown in fig. 9, when the cable 200 is completely laid, the sliding ring 701 slides to the point B of the support rod 706 (i.e. near the end of the optical fiber 201), and the bayonet at the fixed bayonet C is ejected, and the sliding ring 701 is fixed between the point B and the fixed bayonet C. When the arc-shaped traction surface 703 is closed, the outer side (convex side as shown in fig. 9) of the arc-shaped traction surface 703 is pushed by the reverse fluid, and the force direction is shown in fig. 9, so that the traction device 203 is fixed on the inner wall of the fluid pipeline. Meanwhile, the umbrella-shaped film 704 is covered on the arc-shaped pulling surface 703, wherein the umbrella-shaped film 704 includes a filler therein for adjusting the density of the pulling device 203, so that the pulling device 203 floats in the fluid pipeline during the laying process of the optical cable. The particular product form of the umbrella-shaped membrane 704 may correspond to the buoyancy regulating device 202. Further, the center of the pulling device 203 and the center of the optical fiber 201 should be at the same horizontal line, so that the probability of damage to the optical fiber can be reduced.

Optionally, the material of the surface of the umbrella-shaped film 704 is a material that is soluble in a fluid medium in the fluid conduit. It is understood that if the umbrella-shaped film 704 is in the form of a product in which the inlet of the optical cable (i.e., a conduit valve) is filled with a filler to adjust the density of the optical cable, and the material of the surface of the umbrella-shaped film 704 is insoluble in the fluid medium in the fluid conduit, the umbrella-shaped film 704 and the buoyancy adjusting device wrapped on the optical fiber can be integrated into a single structure, i.e., the umbrella-shaped film 704 and the buoyancy adjusting device 202 are integrated into a single structure, and the filling or releasing operation of the filler can be simultaneously completed. Of course, the umbrella-shaped film 704 and the buoyancy adjusting device 202 may be designed as two independent structures, so that two filling ports are required to be arranged at the inlet position of the optical cable 200 for filling or releasing the filler for the umbrella-shaped film 704 and the buoyancy adjusting device 202. If the product form of the umbrella-shaped film 704 is to be manufactured in advance and filled with the filler, and the material of the surface of the umbrella-shaped film 704 is a material that is soluble in the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, the umbrella-shaped film 704 and the buoyancy adjusting device 202 wrapped on the optical fiber may be two independent parts or may be an integral structure, and the specific situation is not limited herein. In practical applications, if the pulling device 203 also includes a buoyancy adjusting device (such as the umbrella-shaped film 704), the buoyancy adjusting device of the pulling device and the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber are in the same direction, i.e. if the density of the optical cable needs to be reduced, the density of both the buoyancy adjusting device of the pulling device and the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber is reduced; if the density of the optical cable needs to be increased, the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device and the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber are decreased in density.

In another possible implementation, as shown in fig. 10, the traction device 203 comprises a spherical membrane 1001, a hemispherical structure 1002 and a support structure 1003 comprising axial rollers; wherein, one end of the supporting structure 1003 is an axial roller 1003a, and the axial roller 1003a is connected with the hemispherical structure 1002, so that the hemispherical structure 1002 can rotate around the axial roller 1003 a; and the other end of the supporting structure 1003 is connected with the end face of the optical fiber 201 for fixing the traction device 203; the spherical film 1001 wraps around the hemispherical structure 1002. During the laying process of the optical cable 200, the spherical membrane 1001 is filled with filler, so that the spherical membrane 1001 can expand and receive the fluid pushing force in the fluid direction, thereby realizing that the optical cable 200 is pulled to advance along the fluid direction of the fluid pipeline by the fluid pushing force in the fluid pipeline, and the force direction is shown in fig. 11. After the optical cable 200 is laid, the optical cable 200 sinks, the spherical film 1001 releases the filler or dissolves, and the state and the force direction of the hemispherical structure 1002 in the fluid pipeline are shown in fig. 12. In this embodiment, if the spherical film 1001 is made of a material that is insoluble in the fluid medium, the surface of the spherical film 1001 needs to be made rougher, but the surface of the hemispherical structure 1002 needs to be made smoother, so that the spherical film 1001 and the hemispherical structure 1002 can be tightly combined under the action of the external pressure, thereby increasing the stability. While the spherical membrane 1001 is inherently filled with filler, the density of the pulling device 203 may also be adjusted so that the pulling device 203 floats in the fluid conduit during the laying of the optical cable 200.

Optionally, the surface material of the spherical membrane 1001 is a material dissolved in a fluid medium in the fluid pipeline. It can be understood that if the spherical membrane 1001 is in the form of a product in which an inlet (i.e. a conduit valve) of the optical cable is filled with a filler to adjust the density of the optical cable, and the surface material of the spherical membrane 1001 is insoluble in the fluid medium in the fluid conduit, the spherical membrane 1001 and the buoyancy adjusting device 202 wrapped on the optical fiber 201 are integrated into a single structure, i.e. the spherical membrane 1001 and the buoyancy adjusting device 202 are integrated into a single structure, and the filling or releasing operation of the filler can be completed at the same time. Of course, the spherical film 1001 and the buoyancy adjusting device 202 may be designed as two independent structures, so that two filling ports are required to be arranged at the inlet position of the optical cable 200 for filling or releasing the filler for the spherical film 1001 and the buoyancy adjusting device 202, respectively. If the product form of the spherical film 1001 is to be manufactured in advance and filled with the filler, and the material of the surface of the spherical film 1001 is a material dissolved in the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, the spherical film 1001 and the buoyancy adjusting device wrapped on the optical fiber may be two independent parts or may be an integral structure, and the specific case is not limited herein. Meanwhile, when the traction device also comprises a buoyancy adjusting device, the adjusting directions of the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device and the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber are consistent, namely if the density of the optical cable needs to be reduced, the density of both the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device and the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber is reduced; if the density of the optical cable needs to be increased, the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device and the buoyancy adjusting device of the optical fiber are decreased in density.

Optionally, the filler is a liquid or a gas, wherein the density of the liquid is less than or equal to the density of the fluid medium, and the density of the gas is less than or equal to the density of the fluid medium. It will be appreciated that in the event that the liquid or the gas may permeate the buoyancy regulating device, there is a safe condition between the liquid or the gas and the fluid medium. That is, the liquid or gas does not cause the fluid medium to be deteriorated or cause accidents such as explosion. In one example, the gas may be an inert gas.

Based on the above solutions, the present embodiment can provide the following combination solutions of optical cables, and refer to the optical cable structures shown in fig. 13 and fig. 14 specifically. Wherein, the optical cable structure shown in fig. 13 adopts the sealing film as the buoyancy adjusting device, and adopts the traction device shown in fig. 7; the cable configuration shown in fig. 14 employs an array of suspended capsules as the buoyancy adjusting device, and the pulling device shown in fig. 10. Of course, in this embodiment, the optical cable 200 may also have other structural forms, such as a sealing film used in the optical cable structure as a buoyancy adjusting device, and a pulling device shown in fig. 10; or a suspended capsule array adopted by the optical cable structure is used as a buoyancy adjusting device, and a traction device shown in figure 7 is adopted. The details are not limited herein.

Based on the optical cable, the optical cable laying method in the embodiment of the present application is described below, and specifically refer to the optical cable laying system shown in fig. 15, which includes the optical cable 200, the fluid pipeline 100, the pressure balancing device 300, and the optical fiber sensing system 400. One end of the optical cable 200 is connected to the optical fiber sensing system, the optical fiber 201 in the optical cable 200 is used as a sensing element to sense the condition in the fluid pipeline, and then the optical fiber 201 sends the sensed information to the optical fiber sensing system 400, thereby realizing monitoring or early warning of the fluid pipeline. Wherein the fluid conduit 100 includes a conduit valve 101 therein for introducing the fiber optic cable 200. The pressure balancing device 300 comprises a pneumatic valve 300a and a cable lead-in port 300b, and the pressure balancing device 300 is loaded at the pipeline valve 101 and has the function of ensuring that the pressure above and below the pipeline valve 101 is consistent when the optical cable 200 is led into the fluid pipeline, so as to prevent the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline from leaking. It is understood that the fluid pipeline 100 includes a plurality of pipeline ports, such as pipeline ports 100a, 100b, 100c, etc. as shown in fig. 15, while fig. 15 is an exemplary scheme of the pipeline valve 101, and the specific situation is determined by the actual laying situation, which is not described herein again. The concrete laying process is as follows:

introducing the optical cable 200 from the cable introduction port 300b of the pipe valve 101 after the internal and external pressures of the pipe valve 101 are equalized; then the optical cable 200 is suspended in the fluid pipeline, and the optical cable 200 is laid by utilizing the fluid driving force of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline for advancing; finally, after the optical cable 200 is laid, the optical cable 200 is sunk to the bottom of the fluid pipe and fixed to the inner wall of the fluid pipe.

While the specific changes in the cable 200 during the laying process are illustrated as follows:

in one possible implementation, the cable 200 is filled with filler during the laying process. The specific process is as follows: after the optical cable 200 is introduced into the fluid conduit through the cable introduction port 300b, filling the buoyancy scheduling devices of the buoyancy adjusting device 202 and the pulling device 203 of the optical cable 200 with fillers through the filling port reserved in the cable introduction port 300b, so that the overall density of the optical cable 200 is gradually reduced until being less than or equal to the density of the fluid medium in the fluid conduit, thereby achieving the suspension or floating of the optical cable 200 in the fluid medium; then the optical cable 200 is pulled to move in the fluid direction by the pulling device 203, when the optical cable 200 reaches a certain length or reaches a predetermined position, the filling in the buoyancy adjusting device 202 of the optical cable 200 and the buoyancy scheduling device of the pulling device 203 is released through the filling port reserved in the optical cable lead-in port 300b, so that the overall density of the optical cable 200 is gradually increased until being greater than the density of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, thus realizing the sinking of the optical cable 200 in the fluid medium, and finally the optical cable 200 is fixed at the sinking position by the structure and the fluid driving force of the pulling device.

In another possible implementation, the cable 200 is filled with filler prior to being laid. The specific process is as follows: introducing the optical cable 200 into a fluid conduit through the cable introduction port 300b, the overall density of the optical cable 200 being less than or equal to the density of the fluid medium within the fluid conduit, such that the optical cable 200 is suspended or floated within the fluid medium; then drawing the optical cable 200 to move in the fluid direction by using the drawing device 203; meanwhile, the surface material of the buoyancy scheduling device of the optical cable 200 and the surface material of the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device 203 are slowly dissolved in the fluid medium, so that the filler can slowly permeate through the surface material of the buoyancy scheduling device 202 of the optical cable 200 and the surface material of the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device 203, thereby gradually increasing the density of the optical cable, when the optical cable 200 reaches a certain length or reaches a preset position, the surface material of the buoyancy scheduling device 202 of the optical cable 200 and the surface material of the buoyancy adjusting device of the traction device 203 are completely dissolved, so that the overall density of the optical cable 200 is greater than the density of the fluid medium in the fluid pipeline, thereby realizing the sinking of the optical cable 200 in the fluid medium, and finally fixing the optical cable 200 at the sinking position through the structure of the traction device and the fluid driving force.

It is clear to those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the above-described systems, apparatuses and units may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing method embodiments, and are not described herein again.

In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.

The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.

In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.

The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be substantially implemented or contributed to by the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U-disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.

The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.