阅读说明：本技术 测定流注电子密度时空演化的超材料聚焦天线 (Metamaterial focusing antenna for measuring space-time evolution of streamer electron density ) 是由 陈兆权 张明 吴金芳 张煌 张三阳 于 2019-10-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了超材料聚焦天线技术领域的测定流注电子密度时空演化的超材料聚焦天线,包括平面介质透镜阵列、超材料金属单元、聚焦透镜、介质打孔单元和喇叭天线,喇叭天线输出微波散射信号,平面介质透镜阵列将信号转为平面波输出,再通过在平面介质透镜阵列和聚焦天线之间的超材料金属单元和聚焦透镜将平面波聚焦成单一的波束,从而实现发射阵列天线的高增益和高空间合成效率；本发明通过在平面介质透镜均匀打空气通孔,实现对圆极化喇叭天线发射电磁波的相位补偿作用,达到提高其增益和定向性的目的。在平面介质透镜和聚焦透镜之间加超材料金属单元,会聚形成单一的波束,从而实现天线的高增益和高空间合成效率。(The invention discloses a metamaterial focusing antenna for measuring space-time evolution of streamer electron density in the technical field of metamaterial focusing antennas, which comprises a planar dielectric lens array, a metamaterial metal unit, a focusing lens, a dielectric perforating unit and a horn antenna, wherein the horn antenna outputs microwave scattering signals, the planar dielectric lens array converts the signals into planar waves to be output, and then the planar waves are focused into a single beam through the metamaterial metal unit and the focusing lens between the planar dielectric lens array and the focusing antenna, so that the high gain and high space synthesis efficiency of a transmitting array antenna are realized; according to the invention, the air through holes are uniformly formed in the planar dielectric lens, so that the phase compensation effect on the electromagnetic waves emitted by the circularly polarized horn antenna is realized, and the purposes of improving the gain and the directionality of the circularly polarized horn antenna are achieved. And a metamaterial metal unit is added between the planar medium lens and the focusing lens to converge to form a single beam, so that high gain and high space synthesis efficiency of the antenna are realized.)

1. Survey metamaterial focus antenna of streamer electron density spatial-temporal evolution, including plane medium lens array (1), metamaterial metal unit (2), focusing lens (3), medium unit (4) and horn antenna of punching, its characterized in that: plane medium lens array (1), metamaterial metal unit (2), focusing lens (3) and medium punch unit (4) and are located the coplanar, plane medium lens array (1) adopts a plurality of the even plane medium lens array of one-dimensional that medium punch unit (4) are constituteed, plane medium lens array (1) is located the inside of metamaterial metal unit (2), plane medium lens array (1) is embedded into the opening end of horn antenna, the outer parcel of metamaterial metal unit (2) and horn antenna's opening end contact has focusing lens (3).

2. The metamaterial focusing antenna for determining the spatio-temporal evolution of streamer electron density as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the planar dielectric lens array (1) changes the equivalent dielectric constant of a dielectric material by punching air through holes on a planar dielectric lens with high dielectric constant.

3. The metamaterial focusing antenna for determining the spatio-temporal evolution of streamer electron density as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the planar dielectric lenses in the planar dielectric lens array (1) are made of aluminum oxide materials.

4. The metamaterial focusing antenna for determining the spatio-temporal evolution of streamer electron density as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the metamaterial metal in the metamaterial metal unit (2) is formed by 8-by-10 cross-shaped arrangement of the same periodic structure.

5. The metamaterial focusing antenna for determining the spatio-temporal evolution of streamer electron density as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the focusing lens (3) wraps the plane medium lens and the metamaterial metal unit (2) in the plane medium lens array (1), a pyramid horn is arranged on the focusing lens (3), and the focusing lens (3) is embedded into the tail end of an opening of the pyramid horn, so that output plane waves are focused on a beam.

6. The metamaterial focusing antenna for determining the spatiotemporal evolution of streamer electron density as claimed in claim 5, wherein: a PCB is arranged between the focusing lens (3) and the planar medium lens array (1), and the metamaterial metal unit (2) is printed on the PCB.

7. The metamaterial focusing antenna for determining the spatio-temporal evolution of streamer electron density as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the focusing lens (3) is in a frustum pyramid shape.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of metamaterial focusing antennas, in particular to a metamaterial focusing antenna for measuring the space-time evolution of streamer electron density.

Background

Plasma characterization is a method for determining plasma characteristics using physical laws and phenomena, and electron density is one of the most fundamental and important parameters of plasma. Different diagnostic methods are selected according to measurement requirements and experimental conditions, and the common methods for plasma electron density comprise a spectroscopic method, a probe method, a microwave method and the like, wherein the spectroscopic method is a non-contact diagnostic method and is used for researching the luminescence spectrum of the plasma and diagnosing the property of the plasma. The emission spectrometry does not disturb the plasma, can be used for measuring plasma parameters and distribution characteristics thereof, has higher spatial resolution, is more suitable for the environment with single ion spectrum, has certain difficulty if the frequency band is too wide, and is generally difficult to obtain specific numerical values of electron density. The probe method most commonly uses a langmuir probe, and although the langmuir probe can measure various parts of the plasma, the instrument is simple, the theory and the technology are mature, but the langmuir probe directly contacts with the plasma and generates certain disturbance to the plasma, and the langmuir probe is only used under low pressure. The microwave method judges the plasma characteristics by measuring electromagnetic parameters emitted by plasma radiation, does not interfere with the diagnosed plasma characteristics, and has more accurate measured data. However, the microwave method has limitations, and the dynamic range of the measurement is relatively small, and the spatial response capability is not strong. For streamer discharges, such a small-scale plasma density spatial distribution measuring device under atmospheric pressure has not been mentioned.

For example, chinese patent 201910090618.4 discloses a device for measuring time-varying electron density of streamer discharge ionization wave head by microwave rayleigh scattering, which is characterized in that: rayleigh scattering occurs between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna in the plasma to be measured, an I/Q mixer outputs two paths of time-varying voltage signals, and an oscilloscope collects and calculates the time-varying characteristic of the plasma density. Although the non-direct contact mode is adopted, the disturbance to the plasma discharge is small, and the measurement effectiveness and the measurement authenticity are improved, the device has the defect that the electron density of the streamer discharge is not related to the measurement on the space position. Based on the above, the invention designs the metamaterial focusing antenna for measuring the space-time evolution of the electron density of the streamer, so as to solve the problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a metamaterial focusing antenna for measuring the space-time evolution of the electron density of a streamer, so as to solve the problem that the spatial distribution position cannot be measured, which is proposed in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: survey metamaterial focusing antenna of streamer electron density spatial-temporal evolution, including plane medium lens array, metamaterial metal unit, focusing lens, medium unit and horn antenna of punching, plane medium lens array, metamaterial metal unit, focusing lens and medium unit of punching are located the coplanar, plane medium lens array adopts a plurality of the even plane medium lens array of one-dimensional that the medium unit of punching constitutes, plane medium lens array is located the inside of metamaterial metal unit, plane medium lens array imbeds the opening end of horn antenna, the outer parcel of opening end contact of metamaterial metal unit and horn antenna has focusing lens.

Preferably, the planar dielectric lens array changes the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric material by forming air through holes on the planar dielectric lens with high dielectric constant.

Preferably, the planar dielectric lenses in the planar dielectric lens array are made of aluminum oxide materials.

Preferably, the metamaterial metal in the metamaterial metal unit is formed by 8-by-10 cross-shaped arrangement of the same periodic structure.

Preferably, the focusing lens wraps the planar dielectric lens and the metamaterial metal unit in the planar dielectric lens array, and a pyramid horn is arranged on the focusing lens, and the focusing lens is embedded into the open end of the pyramid horn, so that the output planar wave is focused on a beam.

Preferably, a PCB is arranged between the focusing lens and the planar medium lens array, and the metamaterial metal unit is printed on the PCB.

Preferably, the focusing lens is shaped like a prism.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the planar dielectric lens is loaded at the opening of the horn antenna, so that the ionizing wave radiated by the horn is subjected to phase adjustment through the planar dielectric lens array and is converted into the planar wave to be emitted. The plane waves are converged and compressed to form a single focused beam by the metamaterial metal elements and the focusing lens printed on the surface between the focusing lens and the plane dielectric lens. The metamaterial metal unit focuses the scattered microwave beam by utilizing the characteristic that the metamaterial structure negative refractive index converges the electromagnetic wave, so that high gain and high spatial synthesis efficiency of the transmitting array antenna are realized, the transmission efficiency and the beam directivity of the antenna array can be ensured, and the reflection coefficient of the antenna array can be effectively reduced. The invention can accurately obtain the spatial distribution of the electron density of the ionized wave, finally realizes that the focusing antenna with spatial resolution measures the electron density of the ionized wave spatial distribution, improves the effectiveness and the authenticity of plasma density measurement, has wider application range, and solves the problem that a microwave Rayleigh scattering device is not suitable for measuring the spatial distribution of the electron density during streamer discharge.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a metamaterial focusing antenna according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a planar dielectric lens array according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a metamaterial metal unit according to the present invention.

In the drawings, the components represented by the respective reference numerals are listed below:

1-planar dielectric lens array, 2-metamaterial metal unit, 3-focusing lens 3, 4-dielectric perforating unit.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-3, the present invention provides a technical solution: a metamaterial focusing antenna for measuring space-time evolution of streamer electron density comprises a planar dielectric lens array 1, a metamaterial metal unit 2, a focusing lens 3, a dielectric punching unit 4 and a horn antenna, wherein the planar dielectric lens array 1, the metamaterial metal unit 2, the focusing lens 3 and the dielectric punching unit 4 are positioned on the same plane, the planar dielectric lens array 1 is a one-dimensional uniform planar dielectric lens array formed by adopting a plurality of dielectric punching units 4, the planar dielectric lens array 1 is formed by a dielectric punching array unit, the array unit is an air through hole uniformly punched on a planar dielectric lens of the planar dielectric lens array 1, the planar dielectric lens is uniformly distributed by adopting a phase compensation principle algorithm based on a feed source phase center, the dielectric punching unit 4 is formed by uniformly punching 8 multiplied by 10 holes on a planar lens with the thickness of 10mm, and the size of the hole unit is 6mm multiplied by 6mm, the medium punching unit 4 is used for uniformly arranging intervals among holes in a medium, the planar medium lens array 1 is located in the metamaterial metal unit 2, the metamaterial metal unit 2 is arranged on the surface between the focusing lens 3 and the planar medium lens of the planar medium lens array 1 and is formed by a cross-shaped structure array, the planar medium lens array 1 is embedded into the tail end of an opening of the horn antenna and converts ionized waves into quasi-planar waves, the focusing lens 3 wraps the metamaterial metal unit 2 and the tail end of the opening of the horn antenna in a contact mode, and the planar waves are converged into a single wave beam, so that high gain and high spatial synthesis efficiency of the antenna are achieved.

The planar dielectric lens array 1 changes the equivalent dielectric constant of the dielectric material by punching air through holes on the planar dielectric lens with high dielectric constant, so that the incident wave phase delay is adjusted and converted into the planar wave to be emitted, and the electromagnetic wave radiated by the horn can be subjected to phase adjustment through the planar dielectric lens by the planar dielectric lens array 1 and then converted into the planar wave front to be emitted.

The planar dielectric lenses and the focusing lens 3 in the planar dielectric lens array 1 are made of aluminum oxide materials.

The metamaterial metal in the metamaterial metal unit 2 is formed by 8-10 cross-shaped arrangement of the same periodic structure.

The focusing lens 3 wraps the planar medium lens and the metamaterial metal unit 2 in the planar medium lens array 1, a pyramid horn is arranged on the focusing lens 3, and the focusing lens 3 is embedded into the tail end of an opening of the pyramid horn, so that output planar waves are focused on a beam, and high gain and high spatial synthesis efficiency of the antenna are achieved.

A PCB is arranged between the focusing lens 3 and the planar dielectric lens array 1, a metamaterial metal unit 2 is printed on the PCB and has the characteristic of negative refractive index converging electromagnetic waves, so that divergent microwave beams are focused, and the metamaterial metal unit 2 is printed on the surface between the focusing lens 3 with the thickness of 8mm and the planar dielectric lens with the thickness of 10 mm.

The focusing lens 3 is shaped like a prism, and condenses and compresses the microwave energy to form a single beam.

One specific application of this embodiment is: the plasma body of measurationing takes place the rayleigh scattering between transmission horn antenna and receiving horn antenna, the microwave scattering signal of horn antenna carries out phase adjustment through plane dielectric lens array 1, converts into the plane wave and goes out, printed metamaterial metal unit 2 between plane dielectric lens array 1 and focusing lens 3, through the characteristic of its metamaterial structure negative refractive index and gathering the electromagnetic wave, make the microwave beam focus that diverges, adjust corresponding focusing lens focus and reach the effect of whole focus. The antenna can design a device capable of accurately measuring the time-varying and space distribution of the time-varying electron density of the streamer discharge ionization wave head by utilizing a microwave Rayleigh scattering theory.

In summary, the metamaterial focusing antenna for measuring the space-time evolution of the electron density of the streamer is a millimeter wave horn antenna loaded by a planar dielectric lens and a focusing lens, an array unit with punched dielectric is used as a basic unit of the planar dielectric lens, and the phase distribution is controlled by adjusting the diameter of holes of each array unit, so that the phase compensation effect on electromagnetic waves emitted by the horn antenna is realized, and the purposes of improving the gain and the directionality of the horn antenna are achieved. Moreover, the broadband wave-transmitting characteristic of the array unit directly punched on the planar dielectric lens is utilized, so that the bandwidth of the planar dielectric lens is improved; the planar dielectric lens with high dielectric constant is adopted, so that the thickness of the planar dielectric lens is reduced, and the phase compensation capability of the array unit is improved; the metamaterial metal unit is used for focusing beams into a single beam by utilizing the characteristic that a metamaterial structure has negative refractive index and electromagnetic waves are converged.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.