阅读说明：本技术 一种稻田虾养殖水稻用天然肥料配方 (Natural fertilizer formula for rice field shrimp breeding rice ) 是由 谢桂先 杨俊彦 何云龙 李晗 费讲驰 苏柠 田昌 于 2020-11-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种稻田虾养殖水稻用天然肥料配方,由包括以下重量份的原料制成：植物饲料：浮萍10-15份、豆饼15-20份、麦麸8-13份、水葫芦10-15份、丝草5-8份、荠菜叶9-16份、玉米须4-8份、水藻1-6份和红薯3-6份；动物饲料：动物干粪4-6份、水蚯蚓1-3份、螺类1-4份和鱼肠3-5份；饲料配料：多种维生素混料0.5-1.3份、骨粉1-3份、脱壳素0.1-1份和生长剂0.4-0.8份。该种稻田虾养殖水稻用天然肥料配方,通过植物饲料、动物饲料、饲料配料和其他配料的配比科学,保证肥料养分充分其便于水稻和虾的吸收；科学的配比为水稻和虾提供所需的营养元素和维生素,还对有机磷农药的具有吸附净化作用,通过添加骨粉、生长剂和生石灰能进小龙虾正常生长和脱壳,又维持田面水pH在弱碱性。(The invention discloses a natural fertilizer formula for paddy field shrimp culture rice, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: plant feed: 10-15 parts of duckweed, 15-20 parts of bean cake, 8-13 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of water hyacinth, 5-8 parts of common sage herb, 9-16 parts of shepherd's purse leaf, 4-8 parts of corn stigma, 1-6 parts of algae and 3-6 parts of sweet potato; animal feed: 4-6 parts of animal dry manure, 1-3 parts of tubificidae, 1-4 parts of snails and 3-5 parts of fish intestines; feed proportioning: 0.5-1.3 parts of multivitamin mixed material, 1-3 parts of bone meal, 0.1-1 part of chitosan and 0.4-0.8 part of growth promoter. The formula of the natural fertilizer for breeding rice in the rice field and shrimp ensures that the fertilizer nutrients are sufficient and can be conveniently absorbed by the rice and the shrimp through scientific matching of plant feed, animal feed, feed ingredients and other ingredients; the scientific mixture ratio provides required nutrient elements and vitamins for rice and shrimps, has the adsorption and purification effects on organophosphorus pesticides, can enable crayfish to grow normally and exuviate by adding bone meal, a growth promoter and quicklime, and maintains the pH value of field water at alkalescence.)

1. The formula of the natural fertilizer for rice field shrimp culture rice is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

plant feed: 10-15 parts of duckweed, 15-20 parts of bean cake, 8-13 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of water hyacinth, 5-8 parts of common sage herb, 9-16 parts of shepherd's purse leaf, 4-8 parts of corn stigma, 1-6 parts of algae and 3-6 parts of sweet potato;

animal feed: 4-6 parts of animal dry manure, 1-3 parts of tubificidae, 1-4 parts of snails and 3-5 parts of fish intestines;

feed proportioning: 0.5-1.3 parts of multivitamin mixed material, 1-3 parts of bone meal, 0.1-1 part of chitosan and 0.4-0.8 part of growth promoter;

and (3) other ingredients: 5-8 parts of organic fertilizer starter, trace element mixture and quicklime.

2. The natural fertilizer formula for the rice field shrimp culture rice according to claim 1, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

plant feed: 13 parts of duckweed, 18 parts of bean cake, 11 parts of wheat bran, 13 parts of water hyacinth, 7 parts of common sage herb, 13 parts of shepherd's purse leaf, 6 parts of corn stigma, 3 parts of algae and 3 parts of sweet potato;

animal feed: 5 parts of animal dry manure, 2 parts of tubificidae, 2 parts of snails and 4 parts of fish intestines;

feed proportioning: 0.8 part of multivitamin mixed material, 2 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of dehulline and 0.6 part of growth promoter;

and (3) other ingredients: 7 parts of organic fertilizer starter, trace element mixed material and quicklime.

3. The formula of the natural fertilizer for paddy field shrimp-breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural fertilizer comprises:

taking out the plant feed in corresponding proportion according to the formula for processing and fermentation, cleaning and decontaminating duckweed, water hyacinth, common clubmoss herb, shepherd's purse leaves, corn stigma, algae and sweet potatoes, then respectively pouring the cleaned and decontaminated plant feed into a crusher for crushing, taking out the crushed plant feed and placing the crushed plant feed into a fermentation container for sealing, adding a certain amount of organic fertilizer starter and water for stirring and mixing uniformly, and fermenting for 4-10 hours at the fermentation temperature of 50-55 ℃.

4. The formula of the natural fertilizer for paddy field shrimp-breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural fertilizer comprises:

taking out the animal feed according to the formula in a corresponding proportion, processing and stirring, cutting off the tubificidae and the fish intestines by using a chopper or a cutter, taking out the tubificidae and the fish intestines in a corresponding proportion, crushing the tubificidae and the fish intestines by using a crusher, pouring the tubificidae, the fish intestines, the snails and the dry animal manure into a fermentation container, stirring and mixing uniformly, fermenting for 0.5-2 hours in a new sealing way, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30-50 ℃.

5. The formula of the natural fertilizer for paddy field shrimp-breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural fertilizer comprises:

when the animal feed and the plant feed are mixed and stirred, a certain amount of feed ingredients are added, a plurality of vitamin mixed materials, trace element mixed materials, bone meal, the hulling agent and the growth agent are poured into a container, a small amount of purified water is added for mixing and stirring, and the animal feed and the plant feed are poured into a fermentation container together for mixing and stirring in the fermentation process.

6. The formula of the natural fertilizer for paddy field shrimp-breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural fertilizer comprises:

the multivitamin mixed material contains vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E. The feed comprises the following trace elements: 11 mg/kg copper, 170 mg/kg iron, 34 mg/kg zinc, 12 mg/kg manganese, 1.2 mg/kg cobalt, 1.5 mg/kg iodine, 0.15 mg/kg selenium, 60 mg/kg magnesium, 200 mg/kg potassium.

7. The formula of the natural fertilizer for paddy field shrimp-breeding rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the natural fertilizer comprises:

after the feed is fed, quicklime and water are stirred and sprayed into the rice field, and 10 kg of quicklime is used per mu, so that the pH of the water on the surface of the rice field is maintained at alkalescence, and normal growth and shelling of the crayfish are promoted.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of paddy field shrimp culture, in particular to a natural fertilizer formula for paddy field shrimp culture rice.

Background

Crayfish is also known as procambarus clarkii, crayfish red and freshwater crayfish. It is shaped like shrimp and hard in shell. The length of the formed body is about 5.6-11.9 cm, the formed body is dark red, the crust part is nearly black, and the back of the abdomen is provided with a wedge-shaped stripe. The young shrimps are uniform gray and sometimes have black ripple chela long and narrow, the middle part of the carapace is not separated by a mesh-shaped gap, the carapace is obviously provided with particles, the frontal sword is provided with lateral spines or the end part of the frontal sword is provided with nicks, and the shrimps are fresh water economic shrimps which are popular with people due to delicious meat taste. The ecological compound feed has the advantages of omnivorous feeding, high growth speed and strong adaptability, forms absolute competitive advantage in local ecological environment, has the feeding range including aquatic weeds, algae, aquatic insects, animal carcasses and the like, and can kill each other when food is deficient. Crayfish has become an important economic breed in china in recent years.

The field shrimp culture is a rice and crayfish co-culture technology, the crayfish continuously moves and forages in the rice field to help the rice field loosen the soil and eat the field weeds and other aquatic organisms which consume fertilizer in the field, so that the weeding labor force is saved, mosquitoes and flies of people and livestock are eliminated, high-quality aquatic protein can be obtained, and the yield and the efficiency are increased. However, a significant technical difficulty exists in the existing paddy field shrimp breeding process, namely that the paddy field shrimp feed is not standard, unbalanced in nutrition and high in cost, and cannot meet the requirements of large-scale artificial breeding and accurate feeding, so that the problems of unsatisfactory breeding effect and the like are caused. Therefore, we improve the natural fertilizer formula and provide a natural fertilizer formula for rice field shrimp culture rice.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

the invention relates to a natural fertilizer formula for paddy field shrimp culture rice, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

plant feed: 10-15 parts of duckweed, 15-20 parts of bean cake, 8-13 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of water hyacinth, 5-8 parts of common sage herb, 9-16 parts of shepherd's purse leaf, 4-8 parts of corn stigma, 1-6 parts of algae and 3-6 parts of sweet potato;

animal feed: 4-6 parts of animal dry manure, 1-3 parts of tubificidae, 1-4 parts of snails and 3-5 parts of fish intestines;

feed proportioning: 0.5-1.3 parts of multivitamin mixed material, 1-3 parts of bone meal, 0.1-1 part of chitosan and 0.4-0.8 part of growth promoter;

and (3) other ingredients: 5-8 parts of organic fertilizer starter, trace element mixture and quicklime.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the traditional Chinese medicine composition is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

plant feed: 13 parts of duckweed, 18 parts of bean cake, 11 parts of wheat bran, 13 parts of water hyacinth, 7 parts of common sage herb, 13 parts of shepherd's purse leaf, 6 parts of corn stigma, 3 parts of algae and 3 parts of sweet potato;

animal feed: 5 parts of animal dry manure, 2 parts of tubificidae, 2 parts of snails and 4 parts of fish intestines;

feed proportioning: 0.8 part of multivitamin mixed material, 2 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of dehulline and 0.6 part of growth promoter;

and (3) other ingredients: 7 parts of organic fertilizer starter, trace element mixed material and quicklime.

According to a preferable technical scheme, the plant feed in corresponding proportion is taken out according to a formula for processing and fermentation, duckweed, water hyacinth, common sage herb, shepherd's purse leaf, corn stigma, algae and sweet potato are cleaned and decontaminated, then the cleaned plant feed is respectively poured into a crusher for crushing, the crushed plant feed is taken out and placed in a fermentation container for sealing, a certain amount of organic fertilizer starter and water are added for stirring and mixing uniformly, the fermentation is carried out for 4-10 hours, and the fermentation temperature is 50-55 ℃.

According to a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the animal feed in corresponding proportion is taken out according to the formula to be processed and stirred, the tubificidae and the fish intestines are cut by a chopper or a cutter, the snails in corresponding proportion are taken out to be crushed by a crusher, the tubificidae, the fish intestines, the snails and the animal dry manure are poured into a fermentation container to be stirred and mixed uniformly, and the mixture is fermented for 0.5 to 2 hours in a new sealing way, wherein the fermentation temperature is 30 to 50 ℃.

As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, when the animal feed and the plant feed are mixed and stirred, a certain proportion of feed ingredients are added, a plurality of vitamin mixed materials, trace element mixed materials, bone meal and shelling element are poured into a container, a small amount of purified water is added for mixing and stirring, and the mixture is poured into a fermentation container together with the animal feed, and the fermented plant feed is stirred and mixed.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the multivitamin mixed material comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E. The feed comprises the following trace elements: 11 mg/kg copper, 170 mg/kg iron, 34 mg/kg zinc, 12 mg/kg manganese, 1.2 mg/kg cobalt, 1.5 mg/kg iodine, 0.15 mg/kg selenium, 60 mg/kg magnesium, 200 mg/kg potassium.

As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, after the feed is fed, quicklime and water are stirred and sprayed into the rice field, and 10 kg of quicklime is used per mu, so that the pH of the water on the surface of the rice field is maintained at alkalescence, and normal growth and shelling of crayfish are promoted.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the formula of the natural fertilizer for breeding rice in the rice field and shrimp ensures that the fertilizer nutrients are sufficient and can be conveniently absorbed by the rice and the shrimp through scientific matching of plant feed, animal feed, feed ingredients and other ingredients; the scientific proportion provides trace elements and vitamins required by rice and shrimps, has the adsorption and purification effects on organophosphorus pesticides, can promote normal growth and shelling of crayfish by adding bone meal, shelling agent, growth promoter and quicklime, and can maintain the pH value of paddy field surface water at alkalescence.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows:

the invention relates to a natural fertilizer formula for paddy field shrimp culture rice, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

plant feed: 10-15 parts of duckweed, 15-20 parts of bean cake, 8-13 parts of wheat bran, 10-15 parts of water hyacinth, 5-8 parts of common sage herb, 9-16 parts of shepherd's purse leaf, 4-8 parts of corn stigma, 1-6 parts of algae and 3-6 parts of sweet potato;

animal feed: 4-6 parts of animal dry manure, 1-3 parts of tubificidae, 1-4 parts of snails and 3-5 parts of fish intestines;

feed proportioning: 0.5-1.3 parts of multivitamin mixed material, 1-3 parts of bone meal, 0.1-1 part of chitosan, 5-8 parts of organic fertilizer starter and 0.4-0.8 part of growth agent;

and (3) other ingredients: 5-8 parts of organic fertilizer starter, trace element mixture and quicklime.

The feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

plant feed: 13 parts of duckweed, 18 parts of bean cake, 11 parts of wheat bran, 13 parts of water hyacinth, 7 parts of common sage herb, 13 parts of shepherd's purse leaf, 6 parts of corn stigma, 3 parts of algae and 3 parts of sweet potato;

animal feed: 5 parts of animal dry manure, 2 parts of tubificidae, 2 parts of snails and 4 parts of fish intestines;

feed proportioning: 0.8 part of multivitamin mixed material, 2 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of dehulline and 0.6 part of growth promoter;

and (3) other ingredients: 7 parts of organic fertilizer starter, trace element mixed material and quicklime.

The method comprises the following steps of taking out plant feed in corresponding proportion according to a formula, processing and fermenting, cleaning and decontaminating duckweed, water hyacinth, common clubmoss herb, shepherdspurse herb leaves, corn stigma, algae and sweet potatoes, then respectively pouring the cleaned and decontaminated duckweed, water hyacinth, common clubmoss herb leaves, corn stigma, algae and sweet potatoes into a crusher, crushing the crushed duckweed, taking the crushed duckweed, placing the crushed duckweed, the crushed duckweed and sweet potatoes in a fermentation container, sealing the fermentation container, adding a certain amount of organic fertilizer starter.

Wherein, the corresponding proportion of animal feed is taken out according to the formula for processing and stirring, the tubificidae and the fish intestines are cut off by a chopper or a cutter, the tubificidae and the fish intestines are taken out according to the corresponding proportion and crushed by a crusher, the tubificidae, the fish intestines, the snails and the animal dry manure are poured into a fermentation container for stirring and mixing uniformly, and the mixture is fermented for 0.5 to 2 hours in a new sealing way at the fermentation temperature of 30 to 50 ℃.

Wherein, when mixing and stirring the animal feed and the plant feed, adding a certain amount of feed ingredients, pouring a plurality of vitamin mixed materials, trace element mixed materials, bone meal and dehulline into a container, adding a small amount of purified water, mixing and stirring, pouring the mixture into a fermentation container along with the animal feed, and stirring and mixing the mixture with the fermented plant feed.

Wherein the multivitamin mixture comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E. The feed comprises the following trace elements: 11 mg/kg copper, 170 mg/kg iron, 34 mg/kg zinc, 12 mg/kg manganese, 1.2 mg/kg cobalt, 1.5 mg/kg iodine, 0.15 mg/kg selenium, 60 mg/kg magnesium, 200 mg/kg potassium.

After the feed is fed, quicklime and water are stirred and sprayed into the rice field, and 10 kg of quicklime is used per mu, so that the pH of the water on the surface of the rice field is maintained at alkalescence, and normal growth and shelling of the crayfish are promoted.

Example two:

the invention relates to a natural fertilizer formula for paddy field shrimp culture rice, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

plant feed: 15-18 parts of duckweed, 20-23 parts of bean cake, 11-16 parts of wheat bran, 15-18 parts of water hyacinth, 8-11 parts of common sage herb, 3-16 parts of shepherd's purse leaf, 6-10 parts of corn stigma, 3-6 parts of algae and 3-5 parts of sweet potato;

animal feed: 5-6 parts of animal dry manure, 2-3 parts of tubificidae, 2-4 parts of snails and 4-5 parts of fish intestines;

feed proportioning: 0.5-1.3 parts of multivitamin mixed material, 2-3 parts of bone meal, 0.1-0.5 part of chitosan, 6-8 parts of organic fertilizer starter and 0.4-0.8 part of growth promoter;

and (3) other ingredients: 6-8 parts of organic fertilizer starter, trace element mixture and quicklime.

The feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

plant feed: 16 parts of duckweed, 22 parts of bean cake, 15 parts of wheat bran, 16 parts of water hyacinth, 10 parts of common sage herb, 13 parts of shepherd's purse leaf, 8 parts of corn stigma, 4 parts of algae and 5 parts of sweet potato;

animal feed: 6 parts of animal dry manure, 3 parts of tubificidae, 4 parts of snails and 5 parts of fish intestines;

feed proportioning: 0.8 part of multivitamin mixed material, 3 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of chitosan and 0.6 part of growth promoter;

and (3) other ingredients: 7 parts of organic fertilizer starter, trace element mixed material and quicklime.

The method comprises the following steps of taking out plant feed in corresponding proportion according to a formula, processing and fermenting, cleaning and decontaminating duckweed, water hyacinth, common clubmoss herb, shepherdspurse herb leaves, corn stigma, algae and sweet potatoes, then respectively pouring the cleaned and decontaminated duckweed, water hyacinth, common clubmoss herb leaves, corn stigma, algae and sweet potatoes into a crusher, crushing the crushed duckweed, taking the crushed duckweed, placing the crushed duckweed and sweet potatoes in a fermentation container, sealing the fermentation container, adding a certain amount of organic fertilizer starter and water, stirring and mixing.

Wherein, the corresponding proportion of animal feed is taken out according to the formula for processing and stirring, the tubificidae and the fish intestines are cut off by a chopper or a cutter, the tubificidae and the fish intestines are taken out according to the corresponding proportion and crushed by a crusher, the tubificidae, the fish intestines, the snails and the animal dry manure are poured into a fermentation container for stirring and mixing uniformly, and the mixture is fermented for 0.5 to 1.5 hours in a new sealing way at the fermentation temperature of 30 to 45 ℃.

Wherein, when mixing and stirring the animal feed and the plant feed, adding a certain amount of feed ingredients, pouring a plurality of vitamin mixed materials, trace element mixed materials, bone meal and dehulline into a container, adding a small amount of purified water, mixing and stirring, pouring the mixture into a fermentation container along with the animal feed, and stirring and mixing the mixture with the fermented plant feed.

Wherein the multivitamin mixture comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E. The feed comprises the following trace elements: 11 mg/kg copper, 170 mg/kg iron, 34 mg/kg zinc, 12 mg/kg manganese, 1.2 mg/kg cobalt, 1.5 mg/kg iodine, 0.15 mg/kg selenium, 60 mg/kg magnesium, 200 mg/kg potassium.

After the feed is fed, quicklime and water are stirred and sprayed into the rice field, and 10 kg of quicklime is used per mu, so that the pH of the water on the surface of the rice field is maintained at alkalescence, and normal growth and shelling of the crayfish are promoted.

Example three:

the invention relates to a natural fertilizer formula for paddy field shrimp culture rice, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

plant feed: 8-13 parts of duckweed, 13-17 parts of bean cake, 5-10 parts of wheat bran, 8-3 parts of water hyacinth, 3-6 parts of common sage herb, 7-14 parts of shepherd's purse leaf, 2-6 parts of corn stigma, 1-4 parts of algae and 3-4 parts of sweet potato;

animal feed: 2-4 parts of animal dry manure, 1-3 parts of tubificidae, 1-2 parts of snails and 3-5 parts of fish intestines;

feed proportioning: 0.5-1.3 parts of multivitamin mixed material, 1-3 parts of bone meal, 0.1-0.5 part of chitosan, 5-8 parts of organic fertilizer leaven and 0.4-0.8 part of growth promoter.

The feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:

plant feed: 10 parts of duckweed, 15 parts of bean cake, 8 parts of wheat bran, 7 parts of water hyacinth, 3 parts of common sage herb, 7 parts of shepherd's purse leaf, 2 parts of corn stigma, 1 part of algae and 3 parts of sweet potato;

animal feed: 2 parts of animal dry manure, 3 parts of tubificidae, 2 parts of snails and 5 parts of fish intestines;

feed proportioning: 0.8 part of multivitamin mixed material, 2 parts of bone meal, 0.5 part of dehulline and 0.6 part of growth promoter;

and (3) other ingredients: 7 parts of organic fertilizer starter, trace element mixed material and quicklime.

The method comprises the following steps of taking out plant feed in corresponding proportion according to a formula, processing and fermenting, cleaning and decontaminating duckweed, water hyacinth, common clubmoss herb, shepherdspurse herb leaves, corn stigma, algae and sweet potatoes, then respectively pouring the cleaned and decontaminated duckweed, water hyacinth, common clubmoss herb leaves, corn stigma, algae and sweet potatoes into a crusher, crushing the crushed duckweed, taking the crushed duckweed, placing the crushed duckweed, the crushed duckweed and sweet potatoes in a fermentation container, sealing the fermentation container, adding a certain amount of organic fertilizer starter.

Wherein, the corresponding proportion of animal feed is taken out according to the formula for processing and stirring, the tubificidae and the fish intestines are cut off by a chopper or a cutter, the tubificidae and the fish intestines are taken out according to the corresponding proportion and crushed by a crusher, the tubificidae, the fish intestines, the snails and the animal dry manure are poured into a fermentation container for stirring and mixing uniformly, and the mixture is fermented for 0.5 to 1 hour in a new sealing way at the fermentation temperature of 40 to 50 ℃.

Wherein, when mixing and stirring the animal feed and the plant feed, adding a certain amount of feed ingredients, pouring a plurality of vitamin mixed materials, trace element mixed materials, bone meal and dehulline into a container, adding a small amount of purified water, mixing and stirring, pouring the mixture into a fermentation container along with the animal feed, and stirring and mixing the mixture with the fermented plant feed.

Wherein the multivitamin mixture comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D and vitamin E. The feed comprises the following trace elements: 11 mg/kg copper, 170 mg/kg iron, 34 mg/kg zinc, 12 mg/kg manganese, 1.2 mg/kg cobalt, 1.5 mg/kg iodine, 0.15 mg/kg selenium, 60 mg/kg magnesium, 200 mg/kg potassium.

After the feed is fed, quicklime and water are stirred and sprayed into the rice field, and 10 kg of quicklime is used per mu, so that the pH of the water on the surface of the rice field is maintained at alkalescence, and normal growth and shelling of the crayfish are promoted.

The feed formulas of the three groups of the above examples are produced, and one feed sold in the market with the best sale amount is added as a control group, 200 lobsters are respectively cultured in a test field of paddy field with the same size in a test mode, the three groups of the feed are divided into four groups, the four groups of the feed are respectively fed, the feed is fed under the same condition, and after two months of feeding, the basic condition of the lobsters is observed, and the following results are obtained:

from the above table, it can be seen that when the feed produced by the invention is eaten to feed shrimps in a rice field, the weight of the shrimps in the rice field can be obviously increased, the growth of the shrimps in the rice field is promoted, and the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings and the growth weight of the shrimp seedlings are further increased, so that the purposes of reducing the culture cost and risk and increasing the culture economic benefit are achieved.

Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.