阅读说明：本技术 一种热塑性塑料玻纤挤出复合轨枕及其制备方法 (Thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper and preparation method thereof ) 是由 郝向阳 陈安 井国庆 樊文波 黄兴启 高承 张丁屹 肖胜蓝 吴越阳 吴宣卓 张仙 于 2020-12-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种热塑性塑料玻纤挤出复合轨枕,以质量百分比计,主要由以下原料组成：27-64.5％回收高密度聚乙烯,20％聚丙烯,12.5-50％玻璃纤维,3％相容剂。本发明复合轨枕的制备方法简单、易操作,并且制备得到的复合轨枕的强度、模量等力学性能均达住建部标准,硬度超过中国铁路总公司标准50HRR,以及衡水冀军路桥养护有限公司标准。(The invention discloses a thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper which mainly comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 27-64.5% of recycled high-density polyethylene, 20% of polypropylene, 12.5-50% of glass fiber and 3% of compatilizer. The preparation method of the composite sleeper is simple and easy to operate, and the prepared composite sleeper has the mechanical properties of strength, modulus and the like which all reach the ministry of construction standard, the hardness of which exceeds the standard of China railway general company by 50HRR, and the standard of balanced water wing army and road bridge maintenance Limited company.)

1. The thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper is characterized by mainly comprising the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 27-64.5% of recycled high-density polyethylene, 20% of polypropylene, 12.5-50% of glass fiber and 3% of compatilizer.

2. The thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper as claimed in claim 1, is characterized by mainly comprising the following raw materials by mass percent: 39.5% recycled high density polyethylene chips, 20% polypropylene, 37.5% glass fiber, 3% compatibilizer.

3. The thermoplastic fiberglass extruded composite sleeper of claim 1, wherein the recycled high density polyethylene is selected from commodity bottle stocks.

4. The thermoplastic fiberglass extruded composite sleeper of claim 1, wherein said polypropylene is polypropylene S2040 having a molecular weight of 8-15 ten thousand.

5. The thermoplastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper of claim 1, wherein the compatibilizer is a compatibilizer MAH-g-PE (Kt-1).

6. The thermoplastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper of claim 1, wherein the glass fibers are 5mm chopped glass fibers.

7. A method for preparing the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) weighing the recovered high-density polyethylene, the polypropylene, the glass fiber and the compatilizer according to the proportion, and automatically feeding the materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing;

(2) transferring the mixture by a tank car after the premixing is finished, driving the mixture into a material cylinder of a blending modification extruder by an automatic feeding machine, and performing blending extrusion granulation by a phi 50 flat double extruder;

(3) feeding the manufactured particles into a molding extruder for melting and plasticizing, performing extrusion molding through a mold to obtain a composite sleeper, and feeding the composite sleeper into a shaping mold for shaping;

(4) testing the mechanical property and the representation of the material, bundling qualified products according to the number, stacking, packaging and labeling, sending the qualified products to a warehouse, crushing unqualified products by a crusher and grinding by a grinding machine, and reusing the unqualified products as raw materials.

8. The method for preparing the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper as claimed in claim 7, wherein the temperature of the high-speed mixer in the step (1) is 70-90 ℃, the rotation speed of the stirring paddle is 800-1300rpm, the temperature of the cooling mixer is 30-50 ℃, and the rotation speed of the stirring paddle is 10-100 rpm.

9. The method for preparing the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper as claimed in claim 7, wherein the temperature of the blending extrusion granulation in the step (2) is 160-195 ℃.

10. The method for preparing the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper according to claim 7, wherein the molding extruder in the step (3) is a phi 65 cone double molding extruder or a single screw extruder with the diameter of more than 150 mm; the temperature for melting and plasticizing is 155-200 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit conforming materials, in particular to a thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper and a preparation method thereof.

Background

At present, the railway industry of China is developed vigorously, high-speed running of motor cars and high-speed rails and rapid updating and upgrading of trains all put forward higher requirements on railway tracks. In ballast track construction, sleepers are an important component. At present, the traditional railway sleeper comprises a wood sleeper, a steel sleeper and a concrete sleeper. However, the traditional sleeper has some inherent defects, such as short service life, low strength and easy rottenness and cracking; the steel sleeper has high rigidity, poor elasticity, high conductivity, easy corrosion in the using process, easy fatigue cracking of a contact area with a steel rail, easy cracking and even breaking in winter and potential safety hazard generation; the concrete sleeper has better durability than a wood sleeper and a steel sleeper, but is easy to generate chemical corrosion, poor in elasticity and impact resistance, heavy in structure, high in transportation cost and high in installation cost.

With the continuous development of chemical technology, researchers develop composite sleepers which are made of glass fiber, polyurethane, rubber and plastic, rubber, resin and other raw materials and have the advantages of being strong in designability, wide in application range, green, environment-friendly and the like.

Therefore, the sleeper prepared by taking the composite material as the raw material has important practical significance for researching the replaceability of the traditional sleeper, reducing the cost and improving the performance.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper, aims to overcome the defects of the traditional sleeper, provides a preparation method of the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper, provides data reference and theoretical guidance for actual production, and produces the composite sleeper with excellent quality.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper mainly comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 27-64.5% of recycled high-density polyethylene, 20% of polypropylene, 12.5-50% of glass fiber and 3% of compatilizer.

Preferably, in the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper, the composite sleeper mainly comprises the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 39.5% recycled high density polyethylene chips, 20% polypropylene, 37.5% glass fiber, 3% compatibilizer.

Preferably, in the thermoplastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper, the polypropylene is polypropylene S2040 with the molecular weight of 8-15 ten thousand.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the polypropylene S2040 has the characteristics of no toxicity, no odor, light weight, low water absorption (only 0.01%), molecular weight of 8-15 ten thousand, and good moldability and impact resistance.

Preferably, in the thermoplastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper, the compatilizer is a phase (compatibilizer) MAH-g-PE (Kt-1).

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the polypropylene is a non-polar substance and the glass fiber is a polar substance, and the polypropylene and the glass fiber are not easy to be mutually soluble according to a similar compatibility principle, so that the compatibilizer is added to enhance the compatibility between the polypropylene and the glass fiber, and the purpose of more stable property of the composite material is achieved.

Preferably, in the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper, the glass fiber is 5mm chopped glass fiber.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the chopped glass fiber has higher modulus, can enhance the mechanical properties such as impact resistance and the like of the composite material, has smaller influence on the processing flow property of the product compared with the continuous glass fiber, and is suitable to be used as the raw material of the product.

Preferably, in the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper, the recycled high-density polyethylene is selected from daily chemical bottle materials, such as a liquid laundry detergent bottle, a liquid bath bottle and the like.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the recycled high-density polyethylene (HDPE) adopts daily chemical bottle material, has good impact strength and higher modulus, has excellent mechanical property and better processing fluidity, also has the properties of environmental protection and cyclic utilization, reduces the production cost of the product, and also improves the comprehensive performance of the product.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper, which comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the recovered high-density polyethylene, the polypropylene, the glass fiber and the compatilizer according to the proportion, and automatically feeding the materials into a high-speed mixer for premixing;

(2) transferring the mixture by a tank car after the premixing is finished, driving the mixture into a material cylinder of a blending modification extruder by an automatic feeding machine, and performing blending extrusion granulation by a phi 50 flat double extruder;

(3) feeding the manufactured particles into a molding extruder for melting and plasticizing, performing extrusion molding through a mold to obtain a composite sleeper, and feeding the composite sleeper into a shaping mold for shaping;

(4) testing the mechanical property and the representation of the material, bundling qualified products according to the number, stacking, packaging and labeling, sending the qualified products to a warehouse, crushing unqualified products by a crusher and grinding by a grinding machine, and reusing the unqualified products as raw materials.

Preferably, in the preparation method of the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper, the temperature of the high-speed mixer in the step (1) is 70-90 ℃, the rotating speed of the stirring paddle is 800-1300rpm, the temperature of the cooling mixer is 30-50 ℃, and the rotating speed of the stirring paddle is 10-100 rpm;

further preferably, the temperature of the high-speed mixer in the step (1) is 85 ℃, the rotating speed of the stirring paddle is 1200rpm, the temperature of the cooling mixer is 45 ℃, and the rotating speed of the stirring paddle is 65 rpm.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the high-speed stirrer can mix materials more uniformly, the materials are combined more compactly, and the limitation of process parameters is to achieve the optimal mixing effect on the premise of not damaging the physical and chemical properties of the materials, so that the composite material is beneficial to achieving the optimal performance.

Preferably, in the above method for preparing the thermoplastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper, the temperature for the blending extrusion granulation in the step (2) is 160-.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the limitation on the blending extrusion granulation temperature is to ensure that the composite material has certain fluidity on the premise of not damaging the molecular chain structure of the composite material, thereby being beneficial to granulation.

Preferably, in the above method for preparing the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper, the molding extruder in step (3) is a Φ 65 cone dual molding extruder or a single screw extruder of more than 150 mm.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the extruder is selected to melt and plasticize the material more fully in the extruder, so that the product has more excellent performance.

Preferably, in the above method for preparing the thermoplastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper, the temperature for melting and plasticizing in the step (3) is 155-.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the temperature parameter limited by melting plasticization is the parameter limited by the condition that the internal structure is not damaged, so that the materials can be fully melted and plasticized, and the components of the compound are more compact.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention discloses the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper and the preparation method thereof, and the thermoplastic plastic glass fiber extruded composite sleeper has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention utilizes the recycled plastics (HDPE, PP) as experimental research objects, applies the recycled plastics to the research of the composite sleeper, reduces the phenomena of 'white pollution' brought by the plastics and occupied land and environmental pollution brought by the plastics to a certain extent, can reduce the use of the railway sleeper on wood, replaces the traditional sleeper, improves the mechanical property of the sleeper and prolongs the service life of the sleeper;

(2) PP is added into the matrix, so that the adhesive effect between the mica and the glass fiber is better compared with that between mica and glass fiber, and the finally obtained test result of the composite sleeper is more excellent;

(3) a crusher is used in the preparation process of the composite sleeper, once waste products are generated in the process, the waste products can be cut, separated, smashed and extruded again for recycling, and any solid waste discharge cannot be generated.

(4) The mechanical properties of the composite sleeper prepared by the invention, such as strength, modulus and the like, all reach the ministry of construction standards, the hardness exceeds the standard of 50HRR of the China railway general company, and the standard of the Heshui army bridge maintenance Limited company.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a scanning electron microscope of a composite sleeper according to embodiment 3 of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

The utility model provides a compound sleeper is extruded to thermoplastic glass fiber which constitutes and includes: recycling High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) slices 64.5%; 20% of PP (polypropylene S2040); 12.5 percent of glass fiber (glass fiber GF), 3 percent of phase (compatibilizer) MAH-g-PE (Kt-1);

example 2

The utility model provides a compound sleeper is extruded to thermoplastic glass fiber which constitutes and includes: 52% of recycled High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) slices; 20% of PP (polypropylene S2040); 25.0 percent of glass fiber (glass fiber GF), 3 percent of phase (compatibilizer) MAH-g-PE (Kt-1);

example 3

The utility model provides a compound sleeper is extruded to thermoplastic glass fiber which constitutes and includes: 39.5 percent of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) slices are recovered; 20% of PP (polypropylene S2040); 37.5 percent of glass fiber (glass fiber GF), 3 percent of phase (compatibilizer) MAH-g-PE (Kt-1);

example 4

The utility model provides a compound sleeper is extruded to thermoplastic glass fiber which constitutes and includes: recycling 27% of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) slices; 20% of PP (polypropylene S2040); 50% of glass fiber (glass fiber GF), 3% of phase (compatibilizer) MAH-g-PE (Kt-1);

comparative example 1

The utility model provides a compound sleeper is extruded to thermoplastic glass fiber which constitutes and includes: 77% of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) slices are recovered; 20% of PP (polypropylene S2040) and 3% of phase compatibilizer MAH-g-PE (Kt-1).

The production processes corresponding to examples 1 to 4 and comparative example 1 are as follows: the composite sleeper is manufactured by adopting a cold-jacking method (a cold extrusion method, a cold pushing method and a hard jacking method).

Specifically, the chopped glass fiber, HDPE, PP and phase (compatibilizer) MAH-g-PE (Kt-1) are weighed according to the proportion, and automatically fed into a high-speed mixer (200L) for premixing, wherein the temperature of the high-speed mixer is 70-90 ℃, the rotating speed of a stirring paddle is 800 plus 1300rpm, the temperature of a cooling mixer is 30-50 ℃, and the rotating speed of the stirring paddle is 10-100 rpm; ,

transferring the pre-mixed material by a tank car, putting the pre-mixed material into a material barrel of a blending modification extruder by an automatic feeding machine, and performing blending extrusion granulation by a phi 50 flat double extruder to control the temperature to be 160 and 195 ℃ (first step);

then the manufactured particles are sent into a phi 65 cone double molding extruder (or a single screw extruder with the diameter of more than 150 mm) for melting and plasticizing, the temperature is controlled to be 155-;

automatically cutting as required or performing post-treatment such as embossing or hobbing cutter according to the requirement of a client;

and finally, after inspection, the qualified products are bundled, stacked, packaged and labeled according to the number and are sent to a warehouse, and the unqualified products are crushed by a crusher and ground by a grinding machine to be reused as raw materials.

Comparative example 2:

the utility model provides a compound sleeper is extruded to thermoplastic glass fiber which constitutes and includes: 39.5 percent of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) slices are recovered; 20% of mica; 37.5 percent of glass fiber (glass fiber GF) and 3 percent of phase compatibilizer MAH-g-PE (Kt-1).

The corresponding production process of comparative example 2 is as follows: the preparation method is carried out by adopting banburying and cold top method.

Specifically, mica powder is pretreated by using a mixed solution of silane coupling agent (content: 20%), alcohol solution (content: 72%) and water (content: 8%), and is added into an internal mixer together with HDPE, chopped glass fiber, PE and phase extender according to a ratio, and the mixture is blended, crushed after being blended, transported by a tank car, and thrown into a charging barrel of a blending modification extruder by an automatic feeding machine;

blending and extruding by a phi 50 flat double extruder to control the temperature of 160 ℃ and 195 ℃ (first step);

and then delivering the manufactured particles into a phi 65 cone double-molding extruder (or a single-screw extruder with the diameter of more than 150 mm) for melting and plasticizing, controlling the temperature to be 155 and 200 ℃, molding by a mold to obtain the composite sleeper (step two), and delivering the composite sleeper into a shaping mold (fixed on a reinforced shaping table).

Automatically cutting as required or performing post-treatment such as embossing or hobbing cutter according to the requirement of a client;

and finally, after inspection, the qualified products are bundled, stacked, packaged and labeled according to the number and are sent to a warehouse, and the unqualified products are crushed by a crusher and ground by a grinding machine to be reused as raw materials.

The composite sleepers prepared in examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were subjected to mechanical property tests, and the test results are shown in table 1:

table 1 mechanical properties test data

As can be seen from Table 1, the tensile strength, flexural modulus, impact strength, compressive strength and Rockwell hardness were all changed in an incremental manner during the increase of the glass fiber content from 12.5% to 50%, and the respective indices were significantly improved as compared with comparative example 1 in which no glass fiber was added;

in the relevant experimental process of example 4, when the content of the glass fiber reaches 50%, although each performance index is good, the melt flow property of the mixture is significantly reduced due to the high melting point of the glass fiber, that is, the processability is deteriorated, which is not beneficial to the blending and extrusion process;

comparative example 2 as a comparison of example 3 in which the performance is the best, PP is changed to mica, and the performance is tested, and as a result, other indexes except the flexural modulus are inferior to those of example 3, and thus, example 3 is determined to be the best experimental scheme.

Referring to fig. 1, the structural diagram of the scanning electron microscope of the composite sleeper of example 3 is shown, and it can be seen from the figure that the glass fibers are uniformly distributed in the HDPE matrix as the reinforcement, the interface between the glass fibers and the high density polyethylene is generally bonded, a small amount of resin fibers are attached to the exposed surfaces of the glass fibers, no obvious gaps or cavities are formed around the exposed surfaces of the glass fibers, and the resin is tightly connected between the adjacent glass fibers, which indicates that the surface treatment effect of the glass fibers is good.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the scheme disclosed by the embodiment, the scheme corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.