阅读说明：本技术 一种炸药爆炸功率测量方法 (Explosive explosion power measuring method ) 是由 冯晓军 薛乐星 潘文 赵娟 冯博 席鹏 封雪松 于 2020-12-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供给一种炸药爆炸功率测量方法,本方法通过喷撒装置在试验腔体内形成体相均匀分布的炸药,通过等离子体起爆实现炸药在腔体内的体相爆轰,采用阻尼器记录活塞杆的运动速度、加速度和阻尼力,实现对炸药瞬时功率的评价。解决现有炸药体爆轰的爆炸功率测量问题,优点是：采用封闭体系,分散均匀性易于控制,起爆系统安全性高,场地布置简单、快速。适用于各类体爆轰炸药的爆炸功率测量。(The invention provides an explosive explosion power measuring method, which forms evenly distributed explosives in a test cavity through a spraying device, realizes the bulk detonation of the explosives in the cavity through plasma initiation, and realizes the evaluation of the instantaneous power of the explosives by recording the motion speed, the acceleration and the damping force of a piston rod through a damper. The problem of explosive power measurement of current explosive body detonation is solved, the advantage is: and a closed system is adopted, the dispersion uniformity is easy to control, the safety of the detonation system is high, and the field arrangement is simple and rapid. The method is suitable for measuring the explosion power of various detonation explosives.)

1. The method for measuring the explosive power is characterized in that a test system used by the method comprises an impact end cover (1), an explosive tube (2), a sealing end cover (3), a piston rod (4), a damper (5), a spray head (6), a sprayer (7), a plasma generating device (8) and a metal wire (9);

the impact end cover (1) is provided with two penetrating electrodes, the outer electrode is connected with an output cable of the plasma generating device (8), and the inner electrode can be connected with a metal wire (9); the explosion tube (2) is a cylindrical tubular metal product, and spray heads (6) are symmetrically arranged along the tube wall; the damper (5) is provided with a force sensor, a speed sensor and an acceleration sensor, and can record damping force, piston rod speed and acceleration parameters; the sprayer (7) is connected with the spray head (6) through a connecting pipe and can spray solid-phase, liquid-phase or gas-phase substances; the explosion tube (2) and the damper (5) are fixed on the ground or a test table board through foundation bolts;

a method for measuring explosive explosion power specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1, weighing the mass m of a piston rod (4), wherein the unit is kilogram, installing a polytetrafluoroethylene tube on the inner wall of one side, away from a spray head (6), of an explosion tube (2), smearing silicone oil on the inner wall of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube to reduce friction force, and penetrating the piston rod (4) into polytetrafluoroethylene;

step 2, the piston rod (4) penetrates through a central through hole of the sealing end cover (3), and the sealing end cover (3) is fastened on the end face of one side of the explosion tube (2) through a bolt;

step 3, connecting the piston rod (4) with the damper (5);

step 4, installing a metal wire (9) between electrodes on the inner side of the impact end cover (1), wherein the metal wire (9) is a copper wire, a tungsten wire or a nichrome wire and adopts a spiral winding mode;

step 5, fastening the impact end cover (1) on the end face of one side of the explosion tube (2) through bolts, and installing a sealing gasket between the contact surfaces of the impact end cover (1) and the explosion tube (2);

step 6, connecting the plasma generating device (8) and an electrode on the outer side of the impact end cover (1) through a coaxial high-voltage cable;

step 7, connecting the sprayer (7) and the spray head (6) to enable the spray head (6) to be in an open state, spraying materials into the explosion tube (2) by the sprayer (7), and closing the spray head (6) and the sprayer (7) after spraying;

step 8, setting the charging voltage of 20kV to 35kV and the capacitance of 6 muF to 20 muF of the plasma generating device (8), discharging the metal wire (9) after charging is finished, detonating the explosive in the blasting tube (2), and recording data by the damper (5);

9, recording the damping force F of the damper (5) in the unit of cattle and the acceleration a in the unit of m/s²Calculating the explosion power according to the P ═ F + ma) v, wherein the unit is watt;

and step 10, grounding the plasma generating device (8) and releasing the residual electric energy in the capacitor.

Technical Field

The application relates to a method for measuring explosive explosion power, which is suitable for measuring explosive work power during explosive body detonation.

Technical Field

The evaluation of the explosive performance of the explosive is mainly based on five-explosion parameters such as explosion heat, explosion speed, explosion pressure, explosion capacity, explosion temperature and the like, wherein the explosion heat is the most commonly used at present, and the explosion heat is an essential parameter for representing the explosive potential of the explosive and estimating the explosive performance of the explosive. By measuring the detonation heat, on one hand, the equation of the explosive reaction of the explosive can be more accurately determined to obtain the generated product of the explosive reaction, so that basic detonation performance parameters of the explosive reaction, such as detonation capacity, detonation temperature, detonation pressure and the like, can be obtained by utilizing the reaction principle of explosive explosion chemistry; on the other hand, the synthesis design and the performance prediction of the single-substance explosive can be guided according to the explosion heat value of the explosive, and the synthesis mode or route of the single-substance explosive is optimized; and thirdly, the application basic research of the single-substance explosive in the high-energy mixed explosive can be promoted, and the matching design of the single-substance explosive and each component of the mixed explosive can be guided. At present, explosion heat evaluation methods are established at home and abroad, including a thermal insulation method and a constant temperature method, and the test explosive quantity is 25g and 200g, so that the explosion heat measurement of ideal explosives and non-ideal explosives can be basically met.

Although the explosive explosion heat is an important parameter for evaluating the performance of the explosive, the explosion heat is a thermodynamic parameter and is the maximum potential of the explosive to do work externally, according to the law of thermodynamics, the heat cannot be completely converted into work, the work-doing capability of the explosive is an effective energy part in the explosive explosion energy, and the work-doing power is the speed of work-doing energy output. Therefore, the measurement of the work doing capacity and power of the explosive has high practical value for practical application.

Various explosive explosion work capacity testing methods are established at present, such as a cylinder test, a lead casting method, a blast funnel method, a ballistic mortar method, a throwing method and the like. The cylinder test is a classic method for evaluating the work capacity, and the work capacity parameters such as the gurney coefficient, the gurney energy and the like can be obtained by measuring the expansion rate of a driving copper pipe after the explosive is exploded. The cylinder test is mainly suitable for measuring the functional force of ideal explosives, and for non-ideal explosives, the detonation reaction of the non-ideal explosives is continuously carried out along with the expansion of products, and the energy released by the subsequent reaction can also be used for doing work. However, for the cylinder test, the diameter is generally only 25mm or 50mm, the charging diameter is small, and even if the copper tube is good in ductility, the space before expansion and fracture is very limited. When the copper pipe is broken, the detonation product of the explosive is quickly dissipated, and the work doing process of the subsequent explosion of the non-ideal explosive is difficult to characterize, so that the work doing capability obtained by measurement is incomplete, and the power of the whole explosive explosion process cannot be obtained. For the novel explosives with obvious body detonation effect, such as warm-pressure explosives, fuel air explosives and the like, the required volume space is larger, and the work capacity and power of the explosives cannot be tested completely by a cylinder test.

The lead casting method is determined as an international standard method for measuring explosive work in 1903 by applying the chemical international conference fifth time, and the method utilizes the degree of compressing lead blocks after explosive explosion to evaluate the strength of work capacity, has the advantages of simple operation, no need of special testing instruments and good repeatability of measurement results, but has the defects of small test explosive amount (the standard is specified to be 10g), incapability of realizing complete detonation of non-ideal explosive, and incapability of relatively comparing the explosive work of different explosives with the measurement results and determining specific explosive work characteristic quantity values. Explosive explosion power cannot be obtained because the lead casting method cannot provide time-dependent process parameters. The ballistic mortar method is a measuring device for evaluating explosive work of explosion designed according to the principle of momentum conservation, the repeatability of the measuring result is better than that of a lead casting method, but the method has the defects that the ideal explosive work of explosion within 10g can be measured, and the work of an expansion stage of a detonation product cannot be measured because mortar shell pills can rush out of a mortar body after the explosive explosion, so that the explosive work value measured by the method is only 20-30% of the total explosive energy, and the parameters related to power cannot be obtained.

The non-ideal explosive is different from the ideal explosive in that the ideal explosive basically completes detonation on a detonation wave front, the wave front cannot react, the non-ideal explosive continuously reacts after the detonation wave front, and the time span of a detonation reaction area can reach microsecond order. The detonation of the body is longer than that of the traditional non-ideal explosive, and even can reach millisecond order. The characteristic of body detonation is that it is a space effect, and the explosion work and power under the body detonation effect of warm-pressure explosive and fuel-air explosive can not be evaluated under the small-size space.

At present, the evaluation of the body detonation by the warm-pressing explosive and the fuel air explosive mainly adopts an air explosion method and an explosion tank method, the air explosion method is used for measuring parameters such as overpressure and impulse of shock waves after the fully dispersed explosive body detonation in an open space, the diameter and the duration of a fireball, and the required test dosage is larger and is generally more than kilogram level; the explosion tank principle measures the quasi-static pressure and temperature after explosion in a closed tank body with invariable volume, and the test magnitude is 20g to kilogram. The work capacity measuring method aims at condensed phase explosives, adopts detonator initiation, and is difficult to control the safety risk under the condition of complex assembly. For explosives with remarkable body detonation characteristics such as thermal pressure explosives, fuel air explosives and the like, the detonation reaction is synchronously carried out along with the body phase expansion of detonation products, and the open environment adopted by the method is not suitable for measuring the functional force of the body detonation. Because the traditional warm-pressing explosive and fuel air explosive have insufficient attention to the work capacity of the body detonation, an available method for measuring the work capacity of the body detonation explosive is lacked at present, and along with the development of an explosion reaction dynamic design technology, the measurement of an explosion output parameter related to time is more and more important, so that a new method suitable for measuring the explosion power of the body detonation explosive is continuously developed.

In summary, the prior art has the following disadvantages:

(1) the method for measuring the explosion power of the explosives with the body detonation characteristic, such as the warm-pressing explosives, the fuel air explosives and the like, is lacked, and the explosion power of the explosives cannot be measured;

(2) the thermal pressure explosive and the fuel air explosive can continuously carry out explosion reaction along with the expansion of the product and are used for doing work, the detonation product can be freely diffused by the existing open work capacity measuring method, the work capacity is incompletely measured, and the explosion power data cannot be obtained;

(3) the warm-pressing explosive and the fuel air explosive have obvious body detonation effect, and need enough space size to ensure complete detonation reaction, and the method for measuring the closed work capacity adopts a formed explosive column, so that complete body detonation is difficult to realize;

(4) the existing work measurement method adopts a detonator detonation mode, a detonator is sensitive to static electricity, friction, impact and the like, and the safety risk in the assembly process is high.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the background technology, the application provides an explosive explosion power measuring method, a detonation tube with a variable volume is adopted, explosives to be measured are sprayed into the detonation tube through a sprayer to form spatially distributed explosives, bulk detonation is realized by taking plasma as a detonation mode, and the work power of the explosives under the bulk detonation is measured by measuring damping force, speed, acceleration and mass.

The specific contents are as follows: the method for measuring the explosive explosion power is characterized in that a test system comprises an impact end cover 1, an explosion tube 2, a sealing end cover 3, a piston rod 4, a damper 5, a spray head 6, a sprayer 7, a plasma generating device 8 and a metal wire 9;

the impact end cover 1 is provided with two penetrating electrodes, the outer electrode can be connected with an output cable of the plasma generating device 8, and the inner electrode can be connected with the metal wire 9; the explosion tube 2 is a cylindrical tubular metal product, and spray heads 6 are symmetrically arranged along the tube wall; the damper 5 is provided with a force sensor, a speed sensor and an acceleration sensor, and can record damping force, piston rod speed and acceleration parameters; the sprayer 7 is connected with the spray head 6 through a connecting pipe and can spray solid-phase, liquid-phase or gas-phase substances; the explosion tube 2 and the damper 5 are fixed on the ground or a test table board through foundation bolts;

a method for measuring explosive explosion power specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1, weighing the mass m of a piston rod 4 in kilograms, installing a polytetrafluoroethylene tube on the inner wall of one side, away from a spray head 6, of an explosion tube 2, smearing silicone oil on the inner wall of the polytetrafluoroethylene tube to reduce friction force, and penetrating the piston rod 4 into polytetrafluoroethylene;

step 2, a piston rod 4 penetrates through a central through hole of the sealing end cover 3, and the sealing end cover 3 is fastened on one side end face of the explosion tube 2 through a bolt;

step 3, connecting the piston rod 4 with the damper 5;

step 4, installing a metal wire 9 between the electrodes on the inner side of the impact end cover 1, wherein the metal wire 9 is a copper wire, a tungsten wire or a nickel-chromium alloy wire and adopts a spiral winding mode;

step 5, fastening the impact end cover 1 on the end face of one side of the explosion tube 2 through bolts, and installing a sealing gasket between the contact surfaces of the impact end cover 1 and the explosion tube 2;

step 6, connecting the plasma generating device 8 and an electrode on the outer side of the impact end cover 1 through a coaxial high-voltage cable;

step 7, connecting the sprayer 7 and the spray head 6 to enable the spray head 6 to be in an open state, spraying materials into the explosion tube 2 by the sprayer 7, and closing the spray head 6 and the sprayer 7 after spraying;

step 8, setting the charging voltage of the plasma generating device 8 to be 20 kV-35 kV and the capacitance to be 6 muF-20 muF, discharging the metal wire 9 after charging is finished, detonating the explosive in the explosion tube 2, and recording data by the damper 5;

9, recording the damping force F of the damper (5) in the unit of cattle and the acceleration a in the unit of m/s²Calculating the explosion power according to the P ═ F + ma) v, wherein the unit is watt;

and step 10, grounding the plasma generating device 8, and releasing the residual electric energy in the capacitor.

The design idea of the method is to design a test method based on the body detonation of the warm-pressure explosive and the fuel air explosive. The non-ideal explosive is different from the ideal explosive in that the ideal explosive basically completes detonation on a detonation wave front, the wave front cannot react, the non-ideal explosive continuously reacts after the detonation wave front, and the time span of a detonation reaction area can reach microsecond order. The detonation of the body is longer than that of the traditional non-ideal explosive, and even can reach millisecond order. The characteristic of body detonation is that it is a space effect, and the explosion work and power under the body detonation effect of warm-pressure explosive and fuel-air explosive can not be evaluated under the small-size space. Therefore, in order to meet the requirement of measuring the explosion power of the body detonation explosive, the measuring device firstly needs to be a closed environment which can ensure that detonation products are not diffused, and the energy released by the secondary reaction of the products behind the detonation wave front can be used for doing work and measuring the power, so that the explosion work can be measured more completely.

Secondly, in order to meet the requirement of measuring the explosion power of the body detonation explosive, the explosive loading space of a device used for the test is matched with the test explosive amount, the post-combustion reaction of the body detonation explosive not only comprises the secondary reaction of the self detonation product of the explosive, but also comprises the reaction of the detonation product and the air, therefore, the air and the pressure in the cavity and the proportion of the explosive and the air need to be considered during the design of the application, if the explosive is excessive, the air content is too little, the post-combustion reaction of the body detonation is incomplete, and the working power of the explosive explosion is difficult to fully represent.

And thirdly, in order to realize the volume detonation more quickly, the explosive in the closed cavity is distributed in a spraying mode, compared with the conventional condensed phase explosive, the explosive and air can be fully mixed before the detonation by adopting the spraying mode, and the detonation effect of the body is quickly formed after the detonation, so that the design can reduce the volume requirement on the cavity space of the device and the requirement on the time scale of the test system. The high reaction activity of the plasma can be fully utilized by adopting the electric explosion plasma initiation, and the body detonation can be rapidly realized.

Then, based on the principle of energy conservation, the work of explosion is converted into the kinetic energy of the piston rod and the potential energy of the damper, and the explosive explosion power is obtained through calculation of P ═ F + ma) v.

Finally, aiming at the problem of high safety risk caused by adopting detonator initiation due to the complexity of the assembly process of the large-volume device, the safety risk brought by the detonator in the assembly process is obviously reduced through plasma initiation, and technical support is provided for the evaluation of the work power and the explosion reaction dynamics of the explosive in the state of body detonation.

The beneficial effects of the application are shown in the following aspects:

(1) the method for measuring the explosion power of the warm-pressure explosive and the fuel air explosive with the bulk detonation effect is provided for the first time, and the explosion power can be measured;

(2) by adopting the closed work capacity measuring device, the work process of the detonation product can continuously generate chemical reaction, and the complete measurement of all work is realized;

(2) the explosive is uniformly dispersed in the explosion tube by adopting the sprayer, the body detonation degree is high, and the device is suitable for measuring the body detonation work power of the explosive in different states such as a solid phase, a liquid phase, a gas phase and the like;

(3) and a plasma detonation mode is adopted, so that the safety of the assembly process is high.