阅读说明：本技术 一种后燃效应判定试验方法 (Post-combustion effect judgment test method ) 是由 薛乐星 潘文 席鹏 冯博 赵娟 封雪松 冯晓军 于 2020-12-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种后燃效应判定试验方法,本方法以爆炸物起爆试验为基准,对比相同药量下爆炸物与易燃物混合样的爆炸后燃效应,通过准静态压力和温度,定量判定爆炸物与易燃物之间是否具有后燃效应。解决现有方法不能判定爆炸物与易燃物之间是否具有潜在后燃效应的问题,优点是：试验所用的爆炸物及爆炸物与易燃物混合样为散装状态,无需制样成型即可进行判定试验,试验药量前后一致,易于对比分析,试验操作简单、快速。适用于各类爆炸物与易燃物之间潜在后燃效应的判定。(The application discloses a post-combustion effect judging and testing method, which takes an explosive detonation test as a reference, compares the explosion post-combustion effect of a mixed sample of an explosive and a combustible under the same explosive quantity, and quantitatively judges whether the post-combustion effect exists between the explosive and the combustible through quasi-static pressure and temperature. The method solves the problem that whether the potential post-combustion effect exists between the explosive and the inflammable matter can not be judged by the existing method, and has the advantages that: the explosive and inflammable mixture sample used in the test is in a bulk state, the judgment test can be carried out without sample preparation and forming, the test dosage is consistent, the comparison and analysis are easy, and the test operation is simple and rapid. The method is suitable for judging the potential post-combustion effect between various explosives and inflammables.)

1. A post combustion effect judgment test method is characterized in that a test system comprises a sample container (1), an explosion tank (2), a pressure measuring device (3) and a temperature measuring device (4);

the sample container (1) is a cylindrical container and is used for containing an explosive sample and a mixed sample of an explosive and an inflammable, the explosive needs to meet the requirement of GB 14371 on a first class of substances, the explosive and the inflammable are in a bulk state, and the mass ratio of the explosive to the inflammable in the mixed sample is 65: 35-50: 50;

a post-combustion effect judgment test method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1, installing a pressure measuring device (3) and a temperature measuring device (4) on the side wall of an explosion tank (2), adding explosives into a sample container (1) and flattening the upper surface;

step 2, hanging the sample container (1) at the center of the explosion tank (2), and burying the initiation device on the upper surface of the explosive;

step 3, sealing the explosion tank (2), detonating the sample, and recording data by the pressure measuring device (3) and the temperature measuring device (4);

step 4, opening the explosion tank (2), ventilating for 15 minutes, discharging waste gas in the explosion tank (2), and cleaning residues in the explosion tank (2);

step 5, adding explosives and inflammables into the sample container (1), stirring the mixture for 5 minutes clockwise and anticlockwise respectively by using a wood rod until the mixture is uniformly mixed to form a mixed sample, wherein the mass of the mixed sample is the same as that of the explosives in the step 1, and trowelling the upper surface of the mixed sample by using an anti-static scraper;

step 6, repeating the step 2 and the step 3;

and 7, judging the basis of the potential post-combustion effect, wherein if one of the following conditions occurs, the potential post-combustion effect exists between the explosive and the inflammable, otherwise, the potential post-combustion effect does not exist:

the quasi-static peak value pressure in the test result of the step 6 is more than 5 percent larger than that in the test result of the step 3;

and the peak temperature in the test result of the step 6 is more than 5 percent larger than that in the test result of the step 3.

2. The method for determining and testing the post combustion effect as claimed in claim 1, wherein the explosion tank (2) is of a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 1m to 1.5m and a length of 1.3m to 1.8 m.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the mass of the explosive sample is 100g to 200 g.

4. A method of testing the determination of the after-burning effect according to claim 3, wherein the duration of the pressure measurement by the pressure measuring means (3) is not less than 1 ms.

5. The afterburning effect determination test method of claim 4, wherein the temperature measuring device (4) has an upper temperature measuring limit of not less than 500 ℃ and a temperature shock resistance of not less than 2000 ℃.

Technical Field

The application relates to a post-combustion effect judgment test method which is suitable for evaluating potential post-combustion effects between explosives and inflammables.

Technical Field

Generally, the destructive effect of explosives is mainly caused by detonation or explosion, but with the rapid development of metalized explosives containing aluminum, boron and the like, the post-combustion effect also becomes an important destructive form. The warm-pressing explosive can generate killing effect by maintaining pressure and temperature for a long time in a closed or semi-closed space and the capability of consuming oxygen, and can realize the killing of vitality on the basis of not damaging the structure of a building due to the characteristics of no hole and no input of temperature, pressure and oxygen. The time for the temperature and pressure explosive to generate the action of temperature, pressure, oxygen consumption and the like is behind the detonation wave front of the explosive, so the time is called as the post-combustion effect.

Explosives have significant explosive destructive effects, whereas for conventional combustibles fire is often the dominant fire and the regulation of combustibles is relaxed relative to explosives. Even so, the mixed storage and transportation of explosives and combustibles is usually prohibited for safety reasons, and not all the combustibles and explosives are mixed to have the post-combustion effect. Based on the judgment test of whether the post-combustion effect exists, the fine management of explosive storage and transportation can be realized, and the safe storage and transportation cost of the explosive and the combustible is reduced.

Through research on technical data at home and abroad, explosive compatibility test methods within 10g magnitude are mainly researched at home and abroad at present, 500 groups of stability and compatibility test methods in a GJB 772A-97 explosive test method provide 9 test methods, whether two explosives or explosives are compatible with other non-explosives is judged mainly through parameters such as peak temperature, heat release quantity, gas release quantity and the like, and when the parameters of a mixture exceed a certain quantity of the parameters of a single substance, the two substances are judged to be incompatible, the two substances cannot be directly contacted in the storage, transportation and use processes, and an appropriate method is required to be adopted for isolation.

In the process of storing and transporting explosives, in consideration of safety, whether the danger of the two substances during mixed storage and transportation is increased or the sensitivity is increased compared with the danger during separate transportation is more concerned, the peak temperature, the heat release amount, the gas release amount and the like cannot judge the explosion output performance, the explosion effect evaluation under the detonation condition needs to be carried out, and the comprehensive pressure parameter and the temperature parameter are used as judgment basis to quantitatively judge whether the explosives have reactivity. On the other hand, explosives and fuel have certain size effect after being combined, and the compatibility of 10g cannot be concluded that the explosives and fuel are compatible after size enlargement, so that the explosive test under large dosage is also needed.

The existing commonly used post-combustion effect characterization methods mainly comprise an explosion tank method, an underwater explosion method, a photometric method and the like, wherein the explosion tank method is used for evaluating the strength of the post-combustion effect of the temperature-pressure explosive by measuring the quasi-static pressure and the temperature in an explosion tank after explosion. The underwater explosion method is used for evaluating the post-combustion effect of the temperature-pressure explosive by measuring the peak pressure and impulse of underwater shock waves. The optical measurement method is mainly used for scientific research, and can measure the luminous intensity of the post-combustion of the aluminum powder or comprehensively evaluate the post-combustion effect by capturing the time period of the aluminum powder participating in the post-combustion reaction by a spectrometer. The explosive tank method, the underwater explosion method, the optical measurement method and the like are all used for evaluating the performance of explosives, namely whether a sample has a post-combustion effect is known in fact before a test, so that the sample adopts a formed sample, and for explosives and inflammables which cannot determine whether the sample has the post-combustion effect, development forming process research is needed firstly to determine forming process parameters, so that the preparation cost of the test sample is greatly increased, and meanwhile, auxiliary materials such as a binder and the like are inevitably needed in the forming process, and the addition of the auxiliary materials can influence the strength of the post-combustion effect. In addition, the molding state is different from the bulk state during actual storage and transportation, which is not beneficial to the risk evaluation of the mixed storage and transportation of explosives and inflammables.

In summary, the prior art has the following disadvantages:

(1) a post-combustion effect judgment test method between explosives and inflammables is not established, and whether the explosives and the inflammables have the post-combustion effect or not cannot be judged;

(2) the existing post-combustion effect evaluation method carries out performance evaluation on known explosives with the post-combustion effect, and cannot judge whether two substances have potential post-combustion effect;

(3) the existing test method adopts a molded sample, and has larger state difference with the storage and transportation process of a large amount of bulk explosives and inflammables;

(4) if the molded sample is adopted, the molding process of the inflammable matters and the explosive matters which are not commonly used needs to be mastered, and the requirement for preparing the test sample is higher.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the background art, the application provides a post-combustion effect judgment test method, an explosive tank test method of bulk samples is adopted, and whether a potential post-combustion effect exists between an explosive and a inflammable material or not is judged by comparing the post-combustion effect parameters of the explosive detonation and the mixed sample detonation of the explosive and the inflammable material under the same dosage, so that a judgment basis is provided for the mixed storage and transportation of the explosive and the inflammable material. The operation method in the test process is simple, and the data processing is simple and convenient.

The specific contents are as follows: a post combustion effect judgment test method is characterized in that a test system comprises a sample container 1, an explosion tank 2, a pressure measuring device 3 and a temperature measuring device 4;

the sample container 1 is a cylindrical container and is used for containing an explosive sample and a mixed sample of explosives and inflammables, the explosives meet the requirements of GB 14371 on a first class of substances, the explosives and the inflammables are in a bulk state, and the mass ratio of the explosives to the inflammables in the mixed sample is 65: 35-50: 50;

a post-combustion effect judgment test method specifically comprises the following steps:

step 1, installing a pressure measuring device 3 and a temperature measuring device 4 on the side wall of an explosion tank 2, adding explosives into a sample container 1 and flattening the upper surface;

step 2, hanging the sample container 1 at the center of the explosion tank 2, and burying the initiation device on the upper surface of the explosive;

step 3, sealing the explosion tank 2, detonating the sample, and recording data by the pressure measuring device 3 and the temperature measuring device 4;

step 4, opening the explosion tank 2, ventilating for 15 minutes, discharging waste gas in the explosion tank 2, and cleaning residues in the explosion tank 2;

step 5, adding explosives and inflammables into the sample container 1 respectively, stirring the mixture clockwise and anticlockwise for 5 minutes by using a wood rod until the mixture is uniformly mixed to form a mixed sample, wherein the mass of the mixed sample is the same as that of the explosives in the step 1, and trowelling the upper surface of the mixed sample by using an anti-static scraper;

step 6, repeating the step 2 and the step 3;

and 7, judging the basis of the potential post-combustion effect, wherein if one of the following conditions occurs, the potential post-combustion effect exists between the explosive and the inflammable, otherwise, the potential post-combustion effect does not exist:

the quasi-static peak value pressure in the test result of the step 6 is more than 5 percent larger than that in the test result of the step 3;

and the peak temperature in the test result of the step 6 is more than 5 percent larger than that in the test result of the step 3.

The explosion tank 2 is of a cylindrical structure, the diameter is 1 m-1.5 m, and the length is 1.3 m-1.8 m; the mass of the explosive sample is 100 g-300 g; the pressure measuring duration time of the pressure measuring device 3 is not less than 1 ms; the upper temperature measuring limit of the temperature measuring device 4 is not less than 500 ℃, and the temperature impact resistance is not less than 2000 ℃.

The design idea of the method is as follows: the method comprises the steps of adopting explosives and a mixed sample of the explosives and the inflammables in a bulk state which is the same as actual storage and transportation as a test sample, designing the mass ratio of the explosives to the inflammables to be 65: 35-50: 50 according to the material ratio when the post-combustion effect of the common warm-pressing explosives is strongest, and designing a test program to compare the explosion post-combustion effect parameters of a single explosive and the mixed sample of the explosives and the inflammables, so that whether the potential post-combustion effect exists between the explosives and the inflammables is judged.

Designing the proportion in the mixed sample. The proportion of the explosive in the mixed sample can obviously influence the explosive output effect of the mixed sample, in order to better realize the mixing of the explosive, the explosive is required to be powdery during the design of the application, and the mixing proportion is predicted by maximum power. The mixture of explosives and fuel is commonly used in warm-pressing explosives, for example, a typical aluminum-containing warm-pressing explosive is taken as an example, the aluminum powder content is generally more than 35% when the power is maximum, and effective detonation is often difficult to realize when the aluminum powder content is too much, so that in order to ensure reliable detonation and fully reflect the post-combustion effect, the proportion of the explosives and the combustibles is recommended to be 65: 35-50: 50 when the explosives and the combustibles are mixed.

And designing a temperature measuring device and a pressure measuring device. Due to the afterburning effect, when the explosive is impacted by explosion, the temperature measuring device and the pressure measuring device are required to bear the high-temperature action of early explosion; on the other hand, the duration of the post-combustion effect is far longer than the microsecond level of the detonation process and can reach millisecond, so that the parameters of the temperature measuring device and the pressure measuring device are designed.

And (5) designing result judgment. The method for determining the post-combustion effect through the explosion tank test is a relatively mature method, however, the key point of the application lies in how to judge whether two substances have the post-combustion effect, and the key criterion is that the quasi-static peak pressure and the peak temperature are selected to be more than 5% as the judgment basis, rather than judging whether the post-combustion effect exists through simple specific size. This needs to consider the test errors of the temperature measuring device and the pressure measuring device, and also considers the non-uniformity of the mixed sample mixing process. In combination with the above factors, the present application finally specifies that the quasi-static peak pressure and the peak temperature exceed 5% or more as the basis for determination

The beneficial effects of the application are shown in the following aspects:

(1) a method for judging the afterburning effect of explosives and inflammables is established, and a criterion is stipulated, so that the problem of judging whether the two substances have the afterburning effect is solved;

(2) the application is suitable for judging the after-burning effect between unknown substances and can also be used for judging the after-burning effect between substances which are determined to belong to explosives or inflammables.

(3) The post-combustion effect can be judged without sample preparation and molding, the state of the post-combustion effect is consistent with the state of a large number of explosives and inflammables in the storage and transportation process, and the actual effect can be better reflected.

(4) The bulk samples are adopted, so that the problem that the molding process is required to be researched before the judgment test is carried out is solved, and the difficulty in sample preparation is reduced.