阅读说明：本技术 全空冷自循环全浸式移动车载燃料电池系统及工作方法 (Full-air-cooling self-circulation full-immersion type mobile vehicle-mounted fuel cell system and working method ) 是由 梁波 刘亚青 崔磊 谌睿 欧阳友 于 2020-12-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种全空冷自循环全浸式移动车载燃料电池系统,涉及清洁能源应用和运输交通领域。它包括第一水密封容器,金属密封容器,燃料电池堆,第一水密封容器和储氢罐；第一水密封容器和金属密封容器表面均为散热结构。本发明将车载燃料电池堆通过金属密封容器全浸入水中,完全隔绝静电,使得车辆运行中的静电防护问题得已有效解决。本发明还涉及这种全空冷自循环全浸式移动车载燃料电池系统的工作方法。(The invention discloses a full-air-cooling self-circulation full-immersion type mobile vehicle-mounted fuel cell system, and relates to the fields of clean energy application and transportation. The fuel cell comprises a first water-sealed container, a metal sealed container, a fuel cell stack, a first water-sealed container and a hydrogen storage tank; the surfaces of the first water sealing container and the metal sealing container are both heat dissipation structures. The vehicle-mounted fuel cell stack is completely immersed in water through the metal sealing container, so that static electricity is completely isolated, and the problem of static electricity protection in vehicle operation is effectively solved. The invention also relates to a working method of the full air-cooling self-circulation full-immersion type mobile vehicle-mounted fuel cell system.)

1. Full air cooling self-loopa soaks formula removal on-vehicle fuel cell system entirely, its characterized in that: the hydrogen storage device comprises a first water-tight container (1) filled with water, a metal sealed container (2) positioned in the first water-tight container (1), a fuel cell stack (3) positioned in the metal sealed container (2), and a hydrogen storage tank (4) positioned outside the first water-tight container (1) and sequentially penetrating through the first water-tight container (1) and the metal sealed container (2) through a hydrogen conveying pipeline (41) and connected with the fuel cell stack (3);

the surfaces of the first water-tight container (1) and the metal sealed container (2) are both heat dissipation structures (5).

2. The fully air-cooled self-circulating fully-immersed mobile vehicular fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the side surface of the liquid level supply device (6) is connected with the top of the first water-sealed container (1), the bottom of the liquid level supply device (6) is connected with the upper part of the side surface of the first water-sealed container (1), and the side surface of the liquid level supply device (6) is connected with the top of the first water-sealed container (1) through a self-circulation water supply valve (61).

3. The fully air-cooled self-circulating fully-immersed mobile vehicle-mounted fuel cell system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the top of the first water-tight container (1) is provided with a leakage collection gas storage room (11); an exhaust valve (111) is arranged at the top of the leakage collection air storage room (11).

4. The fully air-cooled self-circulating fully-immersed mobile vehicular fuel cell system according to claim 3, characterized in that: an observation window (112) is arranged on the leakage collection gas storage room (11).

5. The fully air-cooled self-circulating fully-immersed mobile vehicular fuel cell system according to claim 4, characterized in that: and a hydrogen sensor (113) and an oxygen sensor (114) are arranged in the leakage collection gas storage room (11).

6. The fully air-cooled self-circulating fully-immersed mobile vehicular fuel cell system according to claim 5, characterized in that: and a liquid level sensor (12) is arranged at the joint of the bottom of the liquid level supply device (6) and the upper part of the side surface of the first water sealing container (1).

7. The fully air-cooled self-circulating fully-immersed mobile vehicular fuel cell system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the hydrogen storage tank (4) is positioned in a second water-sealed container (42), and a water-sealed hydrogen conveying interface (43) is arranged at the joint of the hydrogen conveying pipeline (41) and the second water-sealed container (42); and valves (44) are arranged at the contact positions of the hydrogen conveying pipeline (41) and the first water sealing container (1), the metal sealing container (2) and the fuel cell stack (3).

8. The operating method of the fully air-cooled self-circulating fully-immersed mobile vehicular fuel cell system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising the steps of:

step 1: firstly, filling a first water-sealed container (1) and a second water-sealed container (42) with water through a self-circulation water-replenishing valve (61), wherein the water filling amount is such that the first water-sealed container (1) and the second water-sealed container (42) are filled with water, and meanwhile, a leakage-free collection and gas storage room (11) is taken as a standard; when the water filling work is finished, the whole device stably works;

step 2: when the metal sealed container (2) or a hydrogen conveying pipeline (41) in the metal sealed container (2) leaks hydrogen, the leaked hydrogen forms bubbles, and the leakage detection alarm finds the movement track of the bubbles at the first time and gives out a yellow alarm; then leaked hydrogen is concentrated to the leaked collecting gas storage room (11), and the leaked hydrogen is concentrated to the leaked collecting gas storage room (11) because the hydrogen is insoluble in water; the pressure of the leakage collection gas storage room (11) is gradually increased, and meanwhile, a hydrogen sensor (113) arranged in the leakage collection gas storage room (11) can give an alarm to the hydrogen concentrated at the leakage collection gas storage room;

when the pressure of the leakage collection gas storage room (11) is more than 2MPa, the exhaust valve (111) is opened at the moment; because the exhaust valve (111) is positioned at the top of the leakage collection gas storage room (11), the density of hydrogen is higher than that of air, and therefore the mainly leaked gas is hydrogen; the signal that the exhaust valve (111) is opened is transmitted to an alarm system, and the system gives an orange alarm;

when hydrogen continuously leaks, the hydrogen cannot be effectively released through the exhaust valve (111), and the pressure of the leakage collection gas storage room (11) is greater than 5MPa, the drain valve is opened at the moment, water in the first water-sealed container (1) is drained, and a red alarm is given.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the fields of clean energy application and transportation, in particular to a full-air-cooling self-circulation full-immersion type mobile vehicle-mounted fuel cell system. The invention also relates to a working method of the full air-cooling self-circulation full-immersion type mobile vehicle-mounted fuel cell system.

Background

At present, a 35Mpa or 70Mpa hydrogen storage tank is mostly adopted for a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle, two or more (heavy-duty trucks or buses) are connected in parallel and are connected to a hydrogen input port of a fuel cell device through a pipeline. The above-described vehicle-mounted fuel cell has a possibility of leakage of hydrogen or oxygen. When hydrogen leaks, it can only be discharged to the atmosphere quickly, so that it has very high requirements for arrangement of fuel cell, static electricity prevention and open fire. The specific limitations are shown as follows:

1) for on-board fuel cells, the main hazardous feature is that the leak causes the hydrogen gas and air to mix explosively. For fuel cells, an overvoltage relief device, a collision sensor, overcurrent and overtemperature protection and the like are installed, so that the safety of a fuel cell stack is fully ensured.

2) The vehicle-mounted fuel cell needs cooling during operation, and should be arranged in a well-ventilated place or be designed with corresponding ventilation measures, and hydrogen can be rapidly diffused into the atmospheric environment when leakage occurs. Meanwhile, the arrangement of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen system in the vehicle also needs to consider that the fuel cell has a certain safe distance from the edge of the vehicle. The above characteristics all put high demands on the storage of the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle and the arrangement of hydrogen equipment in the vehicle.

3) In addition, to ensure safety in the event of hydrogen leakage, the conductor housing of the fuel cell vehicle must be reliably connected to ground to prevent the generation of static electricity to ignite the hydrogen.

Therefore, it is necessary to develop a full air-cooling self-circulation full-immersion mobile vehicle-mounted fuel cell system which can ensure the safety of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell in the aspects of explosion prevention, leakage detection and static electricity isolation and greatly simplify corresponding equipment facilities.

Disclosure of Invention

The first purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above disadvantages of the background art, and to provide a full air-cooling self-circulation full-immersion mobile vehicular fuel cell system.

The second purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above disadvantages of the background art, and to provide a working method of the full air-cooling self-circulation full-immersion mobile vehicle-mounted fuel cell system.

In order to achieve the first object, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: full air cooling self-loopa soaks formula removal on-vehicle fuel cell system entirely, its characterized in that: the hydrogen storage tank is positioned outside the first water-sealed container and sequentially penetrates through the first water-sealed container and the metal sealed container to be connected with the fuel cell stack through a hydrogen pipeline;

the surfaces of the first water sealing container and the metal sealing container are both heat dissipation structures.

In the technical scheme, the side surface of the liquid level supply device is connected with the top of the first water-sealed container, the bottom of the liquid level supply device is connected with the upper part of the side surface of the first water-sealed container, and the side surface of the liquid level supply device is connected with the top of the first water-sealed container (1) through a self-circulation water supply valve.

In the technical scheme, a leakage collection gas storage room is arranged at the top of the first water-sealed container; an exhaust valve is arranged at the top of the leakage collection gas storage room.

In the above technical solution, an observation window is provided on the leakage collection air storage room.

In the technical scheme, a hydrogen sensor and an oxygen sensor are arranged in the leakage collection gas storage room.

In the technical scheme, a liquid level sensor is arranged at the joint of the bottom of the liquid level supply device and the upper part of the side surface of the first water sealing container.

In the technical scheme, the hydrogen storage tank is positioned in the second water-sealed container, and a water-sealed hydrogen conveying interface is arranged at the connection part of the hydrogen conveying pipeline and the second water-sealed container; and valves are arranged at the contact positions of the hydrogen conveying pipeline, the first water-tight container, the metal sealed container and the fuel cell stack.

In order to achieve the second object, the invention has the technical scheme that: the working method of the full air-cooling self-circulation full-immersion type mobile vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1: firstly, filling a first water-sealed container and a second water-sealed container with water through a self-circulation water-replenishing valve, wherein the water filling amount is based on the standard of filling the first water-sealed container and the second water-sealed container with water and collecting and storing gas without overflowing and leaking; when the water filling work is finished, the whole device stably works;

step 2: when hydrogen leakage occurs in the metal sealed container or a hydrogen conveying pipeline in the metal sealed container, the leaked hydrogen forms bubbles, and the leakage detection alarm finds the movement track of the bubbles at the first time and gives out a yellow alarm; then the leaked hydrogen is concentrated to the leaked collecting gas storage room, and the leaked hydrogen is concentrated to the leaked collecting gas storage room at the moment because the hydrogen is insoluble in water; the pressure intensity between the leaked collected gas storage is gradually increased, and meanwhile, a hydrogen sensor arranged between the leaked collected gas storage gives an alarm to the hydrogen concentrated at the position;

when the pressure intensity between the leaked and collected gas storage chambers is more than 2MPa, the exhaust valve is opened at the moment; because the exhaust valve is positioned at the top of the leakage collection gas storage room, the density of hydrogen is higher than that of air, and therefore the mainly released gas is hydrogen; the signal of the opening of the exhaust valve is transmitted to an alarm system, and the system gives an orange alarm;

when hydrogen continuously leaks, the hydrogen cannot be effectively discharged through the exhaust valve, and the pressure of the leaked collected gas storage is greater than 5MPa, the drain valve is opened at the moment, water in the first water-sealed container is drained, and a red alarm is given out.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

1) the vehicle-mounted fuel cell stack is completely immersed in water through the metal sealing container, so that static electricity is completely isolated, and the problem of static electricity protection in vehicle operation is effectively solved.

2) The metal sealing container and the water sealing container both adopt a heat radiation structure, so that the fuel cell stack is cooled in a full air cooling mode, and the safety, reliability and economy of the vehicle-mounted fuel cell are greatly improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely exemplary. While the advantages of the invention will be apparent and readily appreciated by the description.

With reference to the accompanying drawings: full air cooling self-loopa soaks formula removal on-vehicle fuel cell system entirely, its characterized in that: comprises a first water-sealed container 1 filled with water, a metal sealed container 2 positioned in the first water-sealed container 1, a fuel cell stack 3 positioned in the metal sealed container 2, and a hydrogen storage tank 4 positioned outside the first water-sealed container 1 and sequentially penetrating through the first water-sealed container 1 and the metal sealed container 2 through a hydrogen conveying pipeline 41 and connected with the fuel cell stack 3;

the surfaces of the first water-sealed container 1 and the metal-sealed container 2 are both heat dissipation structures 5.

The side surface of the liquid level supply device 6 is connected with the top of the first water-sealed container 1, the bottom of the liquid level supply device 6 is connected with the upper part of the side surface of the first water-sealed container 1, and the side surface of the liquid level supply device 6 is connected with the top of the first water-sealed container 1 through a self-circulation water supply valve 61.

The top of the first water-tight container 1 is provided with a leakage collection gas storage room 11; the top of the leakage collection gas storage room 11 is provided with a gas discharge valve 111.

The leak collection plenum 11 has a viewing window 112.

The leak collection/storage space 11 is provided with a hydrogen sensor 113 and an oxygen sensor 114.

And a liquid level sensor 12 is arranged at the joint of the bottom of the liquid level supply device 6 and the upper part of the side surface of the first water-sealed container 1.

The hydrogen storage tank 4 is positioned in a second water-tight container 42, and a water-tight hydrogen-transferring interface 43 is arranged at the connection part of the hydrogen-transferring pipeline 41 and the second water-tight container 42; and valves 44 are arranged at the contact positions of the hydrogen conveying pipeline 41, the first water-sealed container 1, the metal sealed container 2 and the fuel cell stack 3.

The working method of the full air-cooling self-circulation full-immersion type mobile vehicle-mounted fuel cell system is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step 1: firstly, filling the first water-sealed container 1 and the second water-sealed container 42 with water through a self-circulation water-replenishing valve 61, wherein the water filling amount is based on the standard that the first water-sealed container 1 and the second water-sealed container 42 are filled with water and the leakage collecting and gas storage room 11 is not overflowed; in the water filling process, the exhaust valve 11 is opened, air in the first water-tight container is gradually emptied, and only a small amount of air in the leakage collection air storage room 11 is reserved; when the water filling work is finished, the whole device stably works;

step 2: when the metal sealed container 2 or the hydrogen conveying pipeline 41 in the metal sealed container 2 leaks hydrogen, the leaked hydrogen forms bubbles, and the leakage detection alarm finds the movement track of the bubbles at the first time and gives a yellow alarm; then leaked hydrogen is concentrated to the leaked collecting gas storage room 11, and the leaked hydrogen is concentrated to the leaked collecting gas storage room 11 at the moment because the hydrogen is insoluble in water; the pressure of the leakage collection gas storage room 11 is gradually increased, and meanwhile, the hydrogen sensor 113 arranged in the leakage collection gas storage room 11 can give an alarm to the hydrogen concentrated at the position;

when the pressure of the leakage collection gas storage room 11 is more than 2MPa, the exhaust valve 111 is opened at the moment; because the exhaust valve 111 is positioned at the top of the leakage collection gas storage room 11, the density of hydrogen is higher than that of air, and therefore, the mainly leaked gas is hydrogen; the signal that the exhaust valve 111 is opened is transmitted to an alarm system, and the system gives an orange alarm;

when the hydrogen continuously leaks, the hydrogen cannot be effectively released through the exhaust valve 111, and the pressure of the leakage collection gas storage room 11 is more than 5MPa, the drain valve is opened at the moment, the water in the first water-sealed container 1 is drained, and a red alarm is given.

The invention arranges a ventilation ditch or a ventilation groove in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and realizes the natural cooling of the first water-sealed container 1 through air circulation in the running process of the vehicle; a liquid level supply device 6 is arranged, and the liquid level supply device 6 can utilize byproduct water of the fuel cell stack 3 to self-circulate; on the premise of ensuring the safety in the aspects of explosion prevention, leakage detection and static isolation, the corresponding equipment is greatly simplified.

The fuel cell stack 3 is used for reacting hydrogen and oxygen to generate electricity and water; various lines of the fuel cell stack 3 are led out through valves 44. .

The metal sealed container 2 is made of metal material with high heat conducting system, and the box body adopts a structure with cooling fins or radiating fins.

The first water-sealed container 1 is customized according to the shape of the metal sealed container 2, and the shell of the first water-sealed container 1 can be made of rustproof metal materials such as stainless steel, pure aluminum and the like, and can also be made of materials which have high heat conductivity and can well bear hydrogen. The housing is provided with watertight/airtight conditions under normal air pressure. The first water-tight container 1 is provided with a transparent observation window (column) for observing the internal gas leakage condition.

Valve 44 is used to control and open/close the flow in the various gas and liquid lines.

The self-circulation water replenishing valve 61 is used for replenishing water into the water-tight container.

The exhaust valve 111 is used for discharging hydrogen to the outside, and the safety release of the hydrogen is guaranteed.

The observation window 112 is used for observing gas leakage.

The leak collection and storage space 11 is used for storing leaked hydrogen gas for a short time.

The hydrogen supply pipe 41 is used for supplying hydrogen to the fuel cell stack 3 under the protection of the water seal flange interface 43.

The hydrogen sensor 113 is used to monitor the hydrogen signal in the leak collection gas storage room 11 so that gas leakage can be monitored.

The oxygen sensor 114 is used to monitor the oxygen signal within the leak collection plenum 11 so that gas leaks can be monitored.

The present invention is exemplified only by fuel cell vehicles, and the same principles and modes of the present invention can be employed when used in fuel cell stacks for rail traffic.

Other parts not described belong to the prior art.