阅读说明：本技术 一种缓倾斜极薄金矿脉开采方法 (Mining method for gentle-inclination extremely-thin gold vein ) 是由 王智 辛庆峰 张东升 刘亚雄 袁亚辉 胡卯卯 于 2021-07-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种缓倾斜极薄金矿脉开采方法：其矿房结构设置是沿矿脉走向划分若干标准矿块；矿块长50m,中段垂直高度25m,宽度为中段垂直高度25m下沿矿脉的自然延伸斜长；其采准切割的方法为：在矿块下中段端部,沿矿脉走向布置下阶段运输巷道；在矿块上中段端部,沿矿脉走向布置上阶段运输巷道；垂直矿脉走向,间隔10m布置一条脉内切割上山,沿脉内切割上山进行回采作业；该种缓倾斜极薄金矿脉开采方法具有采准、切割、充填工程费用低,机械化程度高,生产效率高,贫化损失小的优点,即使用于倾角小于30°,厚度小于0.8m的缓倾斜极薄金矿脉开采,仍具有极佳的经济效益,使得矿产资源得到了充分有效利用。(A mining method of gentle dip extremely thin gold vein comprises the following steps: the chamber structure is arranged by dividing a plurality of standard ore blocks along the trend of the ore vein; the ore block length is 50m, the vertical height of the middle section is 25m, and the width is the natural extension oblique length of the ore vein under the vertical height of the middle section of 25 m; the method for adopting and cutting comprises the following steps: arranging a lower-stage haulage roadway at the end part of the lower middle section of the ore block along the trend of the ore vein; arranging an upper-stage transportation roadway at the end part of the upper middle section of the ore block along the trend of the ore vein; arranging one intra-vein cutting upward mountain at intervals of 10m perpendicular to the trend of the vein, and performing mining operation along the intra-vein cutting upward mountain; the mining method of the gently inclined ultrathin gold vein has the advantages of low mining accuracy, cutting and filling engineering cost, high mechanization degree, high production efficiency and small dilution loss, and has excellent economic benefit even if the mining method is used for mining the gently inclined ultrathin gold vein with the inclination angle of less than 30 degrees and the thickness of less than 0.8m, so that mineral resources are fully and effectively utilized.)

1. A mining method of gentle dip extremely thin gold vein is characterized in that: the structure of the chamber is as follows: dividing a plurality of standard ore blocks along the trend of the ore vein (8); the ore block length is 50m, the vertical height of the middle section is 25m, and the width is the natural extension oblique length of the ore vein (8) below the vertical height of the middle section of 25 m; reserving a 3m top column (6), not setting a stud and a bottom column, and randomly reserving a point column according to the situation of an ore body;

and (3) mining and cutting: arranging a lower-stage haulage roadway (1) at the end part of the lower middle section of the ore block along the trend of the ore vein (8); arranging an upper-stage transportation roadway (3) at the end part of the upper middle section of the ore block along the trend of the ore vein (8); a vein internal cutting mountain climbing (5) is arranged at an interval of 10m in a way of being vertical to the trend of the vein (8); wherein the intra-vein cutting upper mountain (5) is used for pedestrians corresponding to the upper section of the operation surface, and the lower section is used for the scraper (4) channel; a scraper chamber (2) is arranged at the through part of each intra-vein cutting ascending (5) and the lower-stage transportation roadway (1);

the stoping method comprises the following steps:

s1, two adjacent intra-pulse cutting tops (5) are used as a group, the two intra-pulse cutting tops (5) in the same group operate synchronously, and the intra-pulse cutting tops (5) in the adjacent group operate asynchronously; firstly, blasting mining and tunneling are carried out from the bottom of an internal cutting mountain (5) to two sides along a vein (8), the mining height is 2.0m, the mining width is 3.0-4.0m, and the mining depth is 4.0m, so as to form a mining operation initial face;

s2, from the initial face of mining operation, cutting the upper mountains (5) along the veins and blasting the stope from bottom to top, wherein the stope on both sides of each cutting upper mountain is 4.0m, and the two adjacent working faces are ensured to be communicated; the ores after each blasting are raked into a mine car in a next-stage transportation roadway by a scraper (4); the mine car is drawn by a battery car, and the ore is conveyed to a middle ore bin;

s3, adopting layered stoping in stoping operation; firstly, blasting ore bodies in the ore vein (8), blasting the surrounding rocks (9) of the lower wall after blasting ore removal is finished each time, filling the goaf, and reserving an operation space with the height of 2.0m and the width of 3.0-4.0m after filling; after the goaf is filled, leveling the waste filling stone, and paving a rubber mat;

and S4, repeating the operation of S3 until the ore body mining controlled by the intravein cutting and raising (5) in the same group is completed.

2. The mining method of gently sloping ultra-thin gold vein according to claim 1, wherein: the top plates of the lower-stage haulage roadway (1), the upper-stage haulage roadway (3) and the intra-pulse cutting uphill (5) are supported by roof-protecting anchor rods (7) and anchor nets.

3. The mining method of gently sloping ultra-thin gold vein according to claim 1, wherein: the danger eliminating operation is firstly carried out when each worker enters the mining operation face, and anchor net supporting or a point column is reserved when the roof is broken.

4. The mining method of gently sloping ultra-thin gold vein according to claim 1, wherein: fresh air flow of a mining operation surface is input from a lower-stage haulage roadway (1), after the fresh air flow washes the mining operation surface, dirty air flow is discharged into an upper-stage haulage roadway (3), and then is discharged out of the ground surface through an air return roadway and a main air return shaft; after each explosion, the air and water linkage air supply device is adopted to discharge smoke and remove dust.

5. The mining method of gently sloping ultra-thin gold vein according to claim 1, wherein: the section sizes of the lower-stage haulage roadway (1) and the upper-stage haulage roadway (3) are 2.2m multiplied by 2.2 m; the section size of the intravein cutting mountain (5) is 2.0m multiplied by 2.0 m; the size of the scraper chamber (2) is 2.2m multiplied by 2.2 m.

6. The mining method of gently sloping ultra-thin gold vein according to claim 1, wherein: in the recovery operation, the arrangement mode of the blastholes (11) is as follows: when the thickness of the vein (8) is less than 0.6m, blast holes are arranged according to a zigzag shape, when the thickness of the vein (8) is more than 0.6m, the blast holes are arranged according to a quincunx shape, the distance between the blast holes is 40-50cm, and the depth of the holes is 2.0-2.2 m.

7. The mining method of gently sloping ultra-thin gold vein according to claim 1, wherein: in the stoping operation, the explosive is 2# rock ammonium nitrate explosive, the explosive is manually charged, and the detonating tube is detonated in sections.

8. The mining method of gently sloping ultra-thin gold vein according to claim 1, wherein: when the grade of the ore vein (8) is higher, an artificial false roof is arranged to replace the reserved top pillar.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of gold ore mining, in particular to a mining method of gently inclined extremely thin gold vein.

Background

The mining of the gently inclined extremely thin ore body is a difficult problem in the mining industry at home and abroad, and the mining of the gently inclined extremely thin ore body is difficult, because the ore body is thin and has a slow inclination angle, the operation space is limited, and the ore can not slide automatically, so the mechanical degree is low, the production efficiency is low, the dilution loss is large, the mining accuracy, the cutting and filling cost is large, the production cost is high, the mining economic benefit of the gently inclined extremely thin ore body is poor, and the mining enterprises are reluctant to mine, so the effective utilization of mineral resources is seriously influenced, and the production development of the mine is strictly restricted;

the mining industry at home and abroad makes many attempts on the mining method of the gently inclined extremely thin ore body, and various mining methods are derived according to different geological conditions of the mine, and the methods have the common point of stripping surrounding rocks, expanding the operation space and meeting the space requirement of mining operation; according to different modes of expanding operation space, the method is summarized into two categories, one category is a wall type wall cutting filling method, and the other category is a strip type cutting method, but the two categories still do not solve the problems of accurate mining, high cutting and filling cost and high production cost.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the background technology, the invention discloses a mining method of gently sloping extremely thin gold vein, which comprises the following steps: the chamber structure is arranged by dividing a plurality of standard ore blocks along the trend of the ore vein; the ore block length is 50m, the vertical height of the middle section is 25m, and the width is the natural extension oblique length of the ore vein under the vertical height of the middle section of 25 m; the method for adopting and cutting comprises the following steps: arranging a lower-stage haulage roadway at the end part of the lower middle section of the ore block along the trend of the ore vein; arranging an upper-stage transportation roadway at the end part of the upper middle section of the ore block along the trend of the ore vein; and arranging one intra-vein cutting upward mountain at an interval of 10m perpendicular to the trend of the vein, and performing mining operation along the intra-vein cutting upward mountain.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a mining method of gentle dip extra-thin gold vein comprises the following steps: dividing a plurality of standard ore blocks along the trend of the ore vein; the ore block length is 50m, the vertical height of the middle section is 25m, and the width is the natural extension oblique length of the ore vein under the vertical height of the middle section of 25 m; reserving a 3m top column without a stud and a bottom column, and randomly reserving a point column according to the ore body condition; when the grade of the ore vein is higher, arranging an artificial false roof to replace the reserved top pillar;

and (3) mining and cutting: arranging a lower-stage haulage roadway at the end part of the lower middle section of the ore block along the trend of the ore vein; arranging an upper-stage transportation roadway at the end part of the upper middle section of the ore block along the trend of the ore vein; arranging one vein internal cutting mountain-climbing at intervals of 10m in a way of being vertical to the trend of the vein; wherein, the intra-vein cutting is carried out on the upper section of the working surface corresponding to the upper mountain for pedestrians, and the lower section is used for the scraper track; a scraper chamber is arranged at the through position of each intra-pulse cutting ascending and descending stage transportation roadway;

the stoping method comprises the following steps:

s1, two adjacent intra-vein cutting upheaval are taken as a group, the two intra-vein cutting upheaval in the same group synchronously operate, and the intra-vein cutting upheaval in the adjacent group asynchronously operate; firstly, cutting the bottom of an upper mountain from the interior of the vein, blasting, mining and tunneling along the vein to two sides, wherein the mining height is 2.0m, the mining width is 3.0-4.0m, and the mining depth is 4.0m, so as to form a mining operation initial surface;

s2, from the initial face of mining operation, cutting the upward hills along the veins to blast the stope ore body from bottom to top, and stoping 4.0m on each of the two sides of each cut upward hill to ensure that two adjacent mining operation faces are communicated so as to ensure the ventilation effect of the mining operation faces and the requirement of a safety outlet; harrowing the blasted ore to a mine car in a next-stage transportation roadway by using a scraper; the mine car is drawn by a battery car, and the ore is conveyed to a middle ore bin;

s3, adopting layered stoping in stoping operation, wherein the layered stoping has the advantage of small dilution loss of mined ores; firstly, blasting ore bodies in the vein, blasting the surrounding rock of the lower wall after blasting ore removal is finished each time, filling and backfilling the goaf, and reserving an operation space with the height of 2.0m and the width of 3.0-4.0m after filling; after the goaf is filled, leveling the waste filling stone, and paving a rubber mat;

s4, repeating the operation of S3 until the ore body stoping controlled by cutting and ascending the mountain in the same group is finished;

the method for mining the gently inclined ultrathin gold vein comprises the following steps that the lower-stage transportation roadway and the upper-stage transportation roadway of the mining preparation project and the intra-vein cutting and climbing and scraper chamber projects of the cutting project are all carried out in the vein, and the lower-stage transportation roadway, the upper-stage transportation roadway, the intra-vein cutting and climbing and the scraper chamber projects are actually part of the mining operation, so that the cost of the mining preparation project and the cutting project is reduced; in addition, the intra-vein cutting is adopted to raise the mountain, so that the mining operation space is widened, the mechanical ore removal is realized, and the mining efficiency is improved; the filling engineering uses the lower wall surrounding rock after the layered stoping blasting to fill in situ, thereby greatly reducing the filling cost, ensuring that the maximum exposed span of the top plate of the mining operation surface is not more than 4.0m, and ensuring the safety of the mining operation; the method is applied to the exploitation of the gently inclined ultrathin gold vein with the inclination angle of less than 30 degrees and the thickness of less than 0.8m, still has excellent economic benefit and safety, and fully and effectively utilizes the original gently inclined ultrathin gold vein mineral resources without economic exploitation value.

Furthermore, the lower-stage haulage roadway, the upper-stage haulage roadway and the intra-vein cutting roof plate are supported by the top-protecting anchor rods and the anchor nets, so that the safety of mining operation is fully guaranteed, meanwhile, the manual support is replaced by the top-protecting anchor rods and the anchor nets, the width of the operation surface of the lower-stage haulage roadway, the upper-stage haulage roadway and the intra-vein cutting roof plate is prevented from being influenced, the mechanical operation is adapted, and the mining operation efficiency is improved.

Furthermore, the danger removing operation is firstly carried out when each shift enters the mining operation face, and when the roof is broken, anchor net supporting or a set point column is reserved so as to fully ensure the safety of the mining operation.

Furthermore, fresh air flow of the mining operation surface is input from a lower-stage haulage roadway, after the fresh air flow washes the mining operation surface, dirty air flow is discharged into an upper-stage haulage roadway and then is discharged out of the ground surface through an air return roadway and a main air return shaft; after blasting at every turn, adopt geomantic omen linkage air supply arrangement to discharge fume, remove dust to improve and discharge fume, dust collection efficiency after the blasting, shorten the blasting operation cycle, thereby improve mining efficiency.

Furthermore, the section sizes of the lower-stage transportation roadway and the upper-stage transportation roadway are 2.2m multiplied by 2.2 m; the section size of intravein cutting upheaval is 2.0m multiplied by 2.0 m; the size of the scraper chamber is 2.2m multiplied by 2.2 m; the lower-stage haulage roadway, the upper-stage haulage roadway and the intra-vein cutting uphill all have larger section sizes, and meanwhile, manual support is replaced by adopting a top protection anchor rod and an anchor net support, so that the lower-stage haulage roadway, the upper-stage haulage roadway and the intra-vein cutting uphill are enabled to have wider operation surfaces, and the lower-stage haulage roadway, the upper-stage haulage roadway and the intra-vein cutting uphill are adaptable to mechanical operation, so that the mining operation efficiency is improved.

Further, in the recovery operation, the arrangement mode of the blastholes is as follows: arranging blast holes according to a zigzag pattern when the thickness of the vein is less than 0.6m, arranging blast holes according to a quincunx pattern when the thickness of the vein is more than 0.6m, wherein the distance between the blast holes is 40-50cm, and the depth of the holes is 2.0-2.2 m; the explosive adopts 2# rock ammonium nitrate explosive, the explosive is manually charged, and the detonating tube is detonated in sections; the arrangement of the blastholes is similar to that of the detonating tubes, and the blastholes are detonated in sections, so that the ore lumpiness after blasting is reduced, and the operation of the scraper and a transport vehicle is facilitated.

Furthermore, when the grade of the ore vein is higher, the top column reserved by the artificial false roof replacement is arranged, so that the exploitation and utilization of mineral resources are maximized.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the invention discloses a mining method of gently inclined ultrathin gold vein, which comprises the following steps: the chamber structure is arranged by dividing a plurality of standard ore blocks along the trend of the ore vein; the ore block length is 50m, the vertical height of the middle section is 25m, and the width is the natural extension oblique length of the ore vein under the vertical height of the middle section of 25 m; the method for adopting and cutting comprises the following steps: arranging a lower-stage haulage roadway at the end part of the lower middle section of the ore block along the trend of the ore vein; arranging an upper-stage transportation roadway at the end part of the upper middle section of the ore block along the trend of the ore vein; arranging one intra-vein cutting upward mountain at intervals of 10m in a direction perpendicular to the trend of the vein, and carrying out mining operation along the intra-vein cutting upward mountain; the mining preparation and cutting engineering of the method are carried out in the vein, and the mining preparation and cutting engineering is actually a part of mining operation, so the mining preparation and cutting engineering cost is reduced; in addition, the intra-vein cutting is adopted to raise the mountain, so that the mining operation space is widened, the mechanical ore removal is realized, and the mining efficiency is improved; the filling engineering utilizes the lower wall surrounding rock after the layered stoping blasting to fill in situ, so that the filling cost is greatly reduced, and the filling engineering has excellent economic benefit even if the filling engineering is used for mining gently inclined ultrathin gold vein with the inclination angle of less than 30 degrees and the thickness of less than 0.8m, and mineral resources are fully and effectively utilized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a side view of a chamber structure;

fig. 2 is a top view of the chamber structure.

In the figure: 1. a lower-stage haulage roadway; 2. a scraper chamber; 3. transporting the roadway in the upper stage; 4. a scraper; 5. cutting into the pulse; 6. a top pillar; 7. protecting a roof anchor rod; 8. vein; 9. surrounding rocks; 10. a filler body; 11. and (4) carrying out blasthole.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be explained in detail by the following examples, which are disclosed for the purpose of protecting all technical improvements within the scope of the present invention.

A mining method of gentle dip extra-thin gold vein comprises the following steps: dividing a plurality of standard ore blocks along the trend of the ore vein; the ore block length is 50m, the vertical height of the middle section is 25m, and the width is the natural extension oblique length of the ore vein 8 below the vertical height of the middle section of 25 m; reserving a 3m top column 6 without a stud and a bottom column, and randomly reserving a point column according to the situation of an ore body;

and (3) mining and cutting: arranging a lower-stage haulage roadway 1 along the trend of the ore vein 8 at the end part of the lower middle section of the ore block; arranging an upper-stage haulage roadway 3 along the trend of the vein 8 at the end part of the upper middle section of the ore block; the sizes of the sections of the lower-stage haulage roadway 1 and the upper-stage haulage roadway 3 are 2.2m multiplied by 2.2m, and the top plates are supported by roof-protecting anchor rods 7 and anchor nets; the vertical ore vein 8 runs, one intra-vein cutting uphill 5 is arranged at an interval of 10m, the size of the section of the intra-vein cutting uphill 5 is 2.0m multiplied by 2.0m, and a top plate is supported by a top protecting anchor rod 7 and an anchor net; wherein the intra-vein cutting upper mountain 5 is used for pedestrians corresponding to the upper section of the operation surface, and the lower section is used for 4 times of the scraper; a scraper chamber 2 is arranged at the through position of each intra-vein cutting ascending part 5 and the lower-stage haulage roadway 1, and the size of the scraper chamber 2 is 2.2m multiplied by 2.2 m;

the stoping method comprises the following steps:

s1, two adjacent intra-vein cutting upheaval 5 are used as a group, the two intra-vein cutting upheaval 5 in the same group synchronously operate, and the intra-vein cutting upheaval 5 in the adjacent group asynchronously operate; firstly, blasting mining and tunneling are carried out from the bottom of an upper mountain 5 in a vein along the vein 8 to two sides, the mining height is 2.0m, the mining width is 3.5m, and the mining depth is 4.0m, so as to form a mining operation initial face;

s2, from the initial face of mining operation, cutting the upward hills 5 along the veins to blast the stope ore body from bottom to top, and stoping 4.0m on each of the two sides of each cut upward hill to ensure that two adjacent working faces are communicated; raking the blasted ore into a mine car in a next-stage transportation roadway by using a scraper 4; the mine car is drawn by a battery car, and the ore is conveyed to a middle ore bin;

s3, adopting layered stoping in stoping operation; firstly, blasting ore bodies in ore veins (8), blasting the surrounding rocks 9 of the lower wall after blasting ore removal is finished each time, filling the goaf, and reserving an operation space with the height of 2.0m and the width of 3.5m after filling; after the goaf is filled, leveling the waste filling stone, and paving a rubber mat;

and S4, repeating the operation of S3 until the ore body mining controlled by the intravein cutting and ascending 5 in the same group is completed.

Firstly, carrying out danger elimination operation in each mining operation face, and carrying out anchor net support or reserving a point column when a roof is crushed;

in the recovery operation, the arrangement mode of the blastholes 11 is as follows: arranging blast holes according to a zigzag pattern when the thickness of the vein 8 is less than 0.6m, arranging blast holes according to a quincunx pattern when the thickness of the vein 8 is more than 0.6m, wherein the distance between the blast holes is 45cm, and the depth of the holes is 2.1 m; the explosive adopts 2# rock ammonium nitrate explosive, the explosive is manually charged, and the detonating tube is detonated in sections;

fresh air flow of a mining operation surface is input from the lower-stage haulage roadway 1, after the fresh air flow washes the mining operation surface, dirty air flow is discharged into the upper-stage haulage roadway 3, and then is discharged out of the ground surface through the return airway and the main return air shaft; after each blasting, the air and water linkage air supply device is adopted to discharge smoke and remove dust, and when the grade of the ore vein is higher, the top column reserved by the artificial false roof replacement is arranged.

The present invention is not described in detail in the prior art.