阅读说明：本技术 一种缓倾斜矿体人工废石矿柱房柱采矿法 (House pillar mining method for artificial waste rock ore pillar of gently inclined ore body ) 是由 胡建华 周坦 马少维 温观平 曾平平 向睿 于 2021-07-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种缓倾斜矿体人工废石矿柱房柱采矿法,将矿体沿走向划分为盘区,盘区内通过切割上山将矿体分为条带并分两步开采,一步骤条带开采时随着工作面的推进按照设计间距构筑人工废石矿柱,然后再回采相邻二步骤条带,二步骤条带回采时同样随回采工作面的推进构筑人工废石矿柱,二步骤条带回采时构筑的人工废石矿柱位于相邻条带两人工废石矿柱的三角顶点处,盘区内条带回采结束后,盘区内人工废石矿柱呈菱形分布。本发明具有作业安全、贫化损失低的优点,同时能消耗处理部分采掘废石,减少废石出窿,降低综合成本。(The invention discloses a room pillar mining method for artificial waste rock ore pillars of slowly-inclined ore bodies, which is characterized in that the ore bodies are divided into panel areas along the trend, the ore bodies are divided into strips through cutting and ascending the upward slopes in the panel areas and are mined in two steps, the artificial waste rock ore pillars are constructed according to the designed distance along with the advancing of a working face during the mining of the strips in one step, then the strips in the two adjacent steps are mined, the artificial waste rock ore pillars are constructed along with the advancing of the mining working face during the mining of the strips in the two steps, the artificial waste rock ore pillars constructed during the mining of the strips in the two steps are positioned at the triangular vertexes of the two artificial waste rock ore pillars of the two adjacent strips, and the artificial waste rock ore pillars in the panel areas are distributed in a diamond shape after the mining of the strips in the panel areas is finished. The invention has the advantages of safe operation and low dilution loss, can consume and treat part of the extracted waste rocks, reduces the pits formed by the waste rocks and lowers the comprehensive cost.)

1. The room-column mining method for the artificial waste rock ore pillars of the gently inclined ore bodies is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) dividing an ore body into panel areas along the trend, dividing the panel areas into a first-step strip and a second-step strip through cutting and ascending, and mining the first-step strip and the second-step strip in two steps;

(2) when strip mining is carried out in the step, artificial waste rock ore pillars are constructed according to the design interval along with the advancing of a mining working face, the top plate and the bottom plate of the area where the artificial waste rock ore pillars are to be constructed are leveled, sundries and broken stones are cleaned, anchor rod arrangement points are set on the top plate and the bottom plate of the artificial waste rock ore pillars, and the anchor rods are vertically driven into the anchor rods and then are fixed in a grouting mode;

(3) assembling an annular L-shaped base on a bottom plate, connecting the grounding edge of the annular L-shaped base with the bottom plate by using bolts, assembling splicing templates on the annular L-shaped base in a layered manner, embedding a dendritic grouting pipe after each layer of splicing templates is assembled, filling waste rocks, pumping cementing slurry into the dendritic grouting pipes to cement the waste rocks, and circularly building a main body of the artificial waste rock ore pillar in such a way;

(4) when the artificial waste rock ore pillar main body is heightened layer by layer to be close to the top plate, fixing an annular L-shaped top connecting device on the top plate, measuring the distance between the splicing template on the uppermost layer and the annular L-shaped top connecting device, connecting the splicing template on the uppermost layer and a vertical panel of the annular L-shaped top connecting device by adopting a connecting assembly with corresponding specification, pumping foaming cement to fill and connect the top, and maintaining to the designed strength;

(5) and (3) stoping the strips in the two steps, constructing artificial waste rock pillars according to the designed intervals with the advance of a stoping working face, wherein the arrangement points of the artificial waste rock pillars are positioned at the triangular vertexes of two adjacent artificial waste rock pillars in the strips in the one step, and after the stoping of the strips in the two steps is finished, the artificial waste rock pillars in the panel area are distributed in a rhombic shape.

2. The room-pillar mining method for the artificial waste rock ore pillar of the gently sloping ore body as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the side wall of the annular L-shaped base is provided with drain holes, the vertical surface of the base is provided with a protruding buckle, a screw hole is reserved on the ground connection panel, and the annular L-shaped base is fixed on the bottom plate rock mass through a matched bolt; the splicing templates are of an arc-shaped plate structure, each layer of the splicing templates is of a barrel structure formed by four splicing templates, the upper end of each splicing template is provided with a protruding buckle, the lower end of each splicing template is provided with a clamping groove, the buckles and the clamping grooves are mutually embedded and fixed, the two sides of each splicing template are provided with inter-plate occlusion grooves, screw holes are preset in the occlusion grooves, and the two splicing templates are spliced through the occlusion grooves and fixed through bolts; a grouting hole is reserved in the vertical surface of the annular L-shaped jacking device and used for jacking and grouting, the outer diameter of the vertical panel of the annular L-shaped jacking device is the same as the outer diameter of the splicing template, the inner diameter of the vertical panel of the annular L-shaped jacking device is the same as the outer diameter of the buckle, a screw hole is reserved in the jacking panel of the annular L-shaped jacking device, and the annular L-shaped jacking device is fixed on a top plate rock mass through a matched bolt; the connecting assembly is formed by processing a grid, high-strength plastic cloth and geotextile and is used for connecting the annular L-shaped roof connecting device with the uppermost layer of spliced template to form a roof connecting space; the splicing templates are connected and reinforced by annular steel hoops between the upper layer and the lower layer of the splicing templates and between the splicing templates, the connection assembly and the annular L-shaped roof connecting device at the uppermost layer, plate-shaped joints are preset at two ends of the annular steel hoops, screw holes are reserved in the plate-shaped joints, and the upper layer and the lower layer of the splicing templates are fixedly reinforced by screwing matched bolts.

3. The room-pillar mining method for the artificial waste rock ore pillar of the gently sloping ore body as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the branch type grouting pipe is made of PVC pipes and comprises a vertical main pipe and a transverse bifurcated pipe, wherein the vertical main pipe is positioned in the middle of the splicing template, and the fact that cementing slurry is uniformly injected through the bifurcated pipe is guaranteed.

4. The room-pillar mining method for the artificial waste rock ore pillar of the gently sloping ore body as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the anchor rod arrangement points are located in the installation range of the annular L-shaped base and the annular L-shaped jacking device, the anchor rods are annularly arranged in a multilayer mode on the plane, the top and bottom plates of the anchor rods are exposed to be 50-100cm, the distance between the anchor rods in the same circle is 1-3m, and the distance between adjacent layers is 0.5-3 m.

5. The room-pillar mining method for the artificial waste rock ore pillar of the gently sloping ore body as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the disc area is 100-110m, and the width of the first-step strip and the second-step strip is 8-10 m.

6. The room-pillar mining method for the artificial waste rock ore pillar of the gently sloping ore body as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the spliced template layer is 50-80 cm.

7. The room-pillar mining method for the artificial waste rock ore pillar of the gently sloping ore body as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the designed spacing of the artificial waste rock ore pillars is 10-14 m.

8. The room-pillar mining method for the artificial waste rock ore pillar of the gently sloping ore body as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: when the strip mining is carried out in the first step or the second step, the periphery of the artificial waste rock ore pillar is bundled to be protected during blasting operation, and meanwhile, the dosage of each surface close to a blasting point is controlled to carry out directional blasting, so that the influence of the blasting operation on the artificial waste rock ore pillar is reduced.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of mining, and particularly relates to a room-pillar mining method for artificial waste rock ore pillars of a gently inclined ore body.

Background

The value of some metal and non-metal ore in China is high, the main ore body of the mine belongs to a gently inclined ore body, and the main methods for mining the ore body at present are a room-and-pillar method, a caving method and a strip mining subsequent filling mining method. The lowest loss and depletion rate is the strip mining subsequent filling mining method, but most mines are limited by incomplete filling systems and insufficient filling materials and are usually mined by a room-pillar method. In order to control ground pressure activities and guarantee mining operation safety when high-grade ores are mined by a room-pillar method, a large number of ore pillars are often left in a stope, which causes a large amount of loss of the ores, so that the construction of ore pillar resources for mining an in-situ environment by artificial ore pillars is very important. The existing artificial ore pillar is mainly built by bricks or waste rocks, and the construction method has the defects of complex construction, difficult application, low strength, high comprehensive cost, difficult roof connection and the like. Meanwhile, the ore recovery rate is low due to the fact that a large number of ore pillars are reserved, loss and mosaic are serious, and the situation seriously restricts the safe production capacity and the economic benefit of the mine.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems existing in the existing mining of the slowly-inclined ore body, the invention discloses a room-pillar mining method for the artificial waste rock ore pillar of the slowly-inclined ore body, which comprises the following steps:

(1) dividing an ore body into panel areas along the trend, dividing the panel areas into a first-step strip and a second-step strip through cutting and ascending, and mining the first-step strip and the second-step strip in two steps;

(2) when strip mining is carried out in the step, artificial waste rock ore pillars are constructed according to the design interval along with the advancing of a mining working face, the top plate and the bottom plate of the area where the artificial waste rock ore pillars are to be constructed are leveled, sundries and broken stones are cleaned, anchor rod arrangement points are set on the top plate and the bottom plate of the artificial waste rock ore pillars, and the anchor rods are vertically driven into the anchor rods and then are fixed in a grouting mode;

(3) assembling an annular L-shaped base on a bottom plate, connecting the grounding edge of the annular L-shaped base with the bottom plate by using bolts, assembling splicing templates on the annular L-shaped base in a layered manner, embedding a dendritic grouting pipe after each layer of splicing templates is assembled, filling waste rocks, pumping cementing slurry into the dendritic grouting pipes to cement the waste rocks, and circularly building a main body of the artificial waste rock ore pillar in such a way;

(4) when the artificial waste rock ore pillar main body is heightened layer by layer to be close to the top plate, fixing an annular L-shaped top connecting device on the top plate, measuring the distance between the splicing template on the uppermost layer and the annular L-shaped top connecting device, connecting the splicing template on the uppermost layer and a vertical panel of the annular L-shaped top connecting device by adopting a connecting assembly with corresponding specification, pumping foaming cement to fill and connect the top, and maintaining to the designed strength;

(5) and (3) stoping the strips in the two steps, constructing artificial waste rock pillars according to the designed spacing with the advance of a stoping working face, wherein the arrangement points of the artificial waste rock pillars are positioned at the triangular vertexes of two adjacent artificial waste rock pillars of the strips in the one step, and after the stoping of the strips in the two steps is finished, the artificial waste rock pillars in the panel area are distributed in a rhombic shape.

Furthermore, drain holes are formed in the side walls of the annular L-shaped base, protruding buckles are arranged on the vertical surface of the base, screw holes are reserved in the ground connection panel, and the annular L-shaped base is fixed on the bottom plate rock mass through matched bolts; the splicing templates are of an arc-shaped plate structure, each layer of the splicing templates is of a barrel structure formed by four splicing templates, the upper end of each splicing template is provided with a protruding buckle, the lower end of each splicing template is provided with a clamping groove, the buckles and the clamping grooves are mutually embedded and fixed, the two sides of each splicing template are provided with inter-plate occlusion grooves, screw holes are preset in the occlusion grooves, and the two splicing templates are spliced through the occlusion grooves and fixed through bolts; a grouting hole is reserved in the vertical surface of the annular L-shaped jacking device and used for jacking and grouting, the outer diameter of the vertical panel of the annular L-shaped jacking device is the same as the outer diameter of the splicing template, the inner diameter of the vertical panel of the annular L-shaped jacking device is the same as the outer diameter of the buckle, a screw hole is reserved in the jacking panel of the annular L-shaped jacking device, and a matched bolt of the annular L-shaped jacking device is fixed on a top plate rock mass; the connecting assembly is formed by processing a grid, high-strength plastic cloth and geotextile and is used for connecting the annular L-shaped roof connecting device with the uppermost layer of spliced template to form a roof connecting space; the splicing templates are connected and reinforced by annular steel hoops between the upper layer and the lower layer of the splicing templates and between the splicing templates, the connection assembly and the annular L-shaped roof connecting device at the uppermost layer, plate-shaped joints are preset at two ends of the annular steel hoops, screw holes are reserved in the plate-shaped joints, and the upper layer and the lower layer of the splicing templates are fixedly reinforced by screwing matched bolts.

Furthermore, the branch type grouting pipe is made of PVC pipes and comprises a vertical main pipe and a transverse bifurcated pipe, wherein the vertical main pipe is positioned in the middle of the splicing template, and cementing slurry is guaranteed to be uniformly injected through the bifurcated pipe.

Further, the anchor rod arrangement points are located in the installation range of the annular L-shaped base and the annular L-shaped jacking device, the anchor rods are annularly arranged in a multilayer mode on the plane, the top and bottom plates of the anchor rods are exposed to 50-100cm, the distance between the anchor rods in the same circle is 1-3m, and the distance between adjacent layers is 0.5-3 m.

Preferably, the disc zone length is 100-110m, and the width of the one-step and two-step strips is 8-10 m.

Preferably, the height of the splicing template layer is 50-80 cm.

Preferably, the artificial waste rock ore pillars are designed to have a spacing of 10-14 m.

Furthermore, when the strip mining is carried out in the first step or the second step, the blasting operation should be carried out on the periphery of the artificial waste rock ore pillar for bundling protection, and meanwhile, the dosage of each surface close to a blasting point is controlled for carrying out directional blasting, so that the influence of the blasting operation on the artificial waste rock ore pillar is reduced.

Advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the stoping operation is safe, and meanwhile, the high-strength artificial ore pillars are used for replacing the original rock ore pillars under the condition of ensuring the safety and stability of a stope, so that the ore recovery rate is improved, and the dilution loss is reduced;

(2) the waste rock is used for building the artificial ore pillar, so that the consumable treatment part of the waste rock is used for underground excavation, the lifting and transportation cost of the waste rock is reduced, and the surface stockpiling of the waste rock is reduced.

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and the detailed description.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a front view of a room-pillar mining method of an artificial waste rock pillar of a gently sloping ore body in an embodiment.

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the mining method in an example along line ii-ii in fig. 1.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an artificial waste rock pillar in the example.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a template for constructing an artificial waste rock pillar in an embodiment.

Reference numbers in the figures: 1-annular L type base, 2-water drainage hole, 3-screw hole, 4-buckle, 5-splicing template, 6-clamping groove, 7-occlusion groove, 8-screw hole, 9-bolt, 10-annular steel hoop, 11-plate joint, 12-screw hole, 13-annular L type top connection device, 14-grouting hole, 15-grid, 16-high strength plastic cloth, 17-geotechnical cloth, 18-connection assembly, 19-dendritic grouting pipe, 20-top plate, 21-bottom plate, 22-anchor rod, 23-cutting mountain-up, 24-one-step strip, 25-two-step strip, and 26-artificial waste rock ore column.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments; all other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-4, the room-pillar mining method for artificial waste rock pillars of gently inclined ore bodies in the drawings is a preferred scheme of the invention, and the mining of the gently inclined ore bodies by adopting the technical scheme provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

(1) the ore body is divided into panels along the trend, the panels are divided into a one-step strip 24 and a two-step strip 25 through cutting the upper mountain 23, and the one-step strip 24 is mined firstly, and then the two-step strip 25 is mined secondly. The length of the disc area is 100-110m, and the width of the one-step strip 24 and the two-step strip 25 is 8-10 m.

(2) When the strips 24 are used for stoping in one step, the artificial waste rock ore pillars 26 are constructed according to the design interval along with the advance of a stoping working face, the design interval of the artificial waste rock ore pillars 26 is 10-14m, firstly, the top plate 20 and the bottom plate 21 of the area where the artificial waste rock ore pillars 26 are to be constructed are leveled, sundries and broken stones are cleaned, then anchor rod arrangement points are set on the top plate 20 and the bottom plate 21 of the artificial waste rock ore pillars 26, and then, the anchor rods 22 are vertically driven into the anchor rods and are fixed in a grouting mode. The anchor rod arrangement points are located in the installation range of the annular L-shaped base 1 and the annular L-shaped jacking device 13, the anchor rods 22 are annularly arranged in a multilayer mode on the plane, the top and bottom plates of the anchor rods 22 are exposed by 50-100cm, the distance between the anchor rods 22 in the same circle is 1-3m, and the distance between adjacent layers is 0.5-3 m.

(3) Assembling an annular L-shaped base 1 on a bottom plate 21, arranging drainage holes 2 on the side walls of the annular L-shaped base 1, arranging protruding buckles 4 on the vertical surface of the base, reserving screw holes 3 on a grounding panel, and fixing the annular L-shaped base 1 on a rock mass of the bottom plate 21 through matched bolts; assembling splicing templates 5 on an annular L-shaped base 1 in a layering mode, wherein the height of 5 layers of the splicing templates is 50-80cm, single pieces of the splicing templates 5 are of arc-shaped plate structures, each layer of the splicing templates is of a barrel structure formed by four splicing templates 5, the upper end of each splicing template 5 is provided with a protruding buckle 4, the lower end of each splicing template is provided with a clamping groove 6, the buckles 4 and the clamping grooves 6 are mutually embedded and fixed, two sides of each splicing template 5 are provided with inter-plate occlusion grooves 7, screw holes 8 are preset in the occlusion grooves 7, the two splicing templates 5 are spliced through the occlusion grooves 7 and fixed through bolts, a branch-shaped grouting pipe 19 is embedded in each layer of the assembled splicing templates 5, waste stones are filled in the splicing templates, then cementing slurry is pumped into the branch-shaped grouting pipe 19 to cement the waste stones, and the main body of the artificial waste stone ore pillar 26 is built in a circulating mode. The branch type grouting pipe 19 is made of PVC pipes and comprises a vertical main pipe and a transverse bifurcated pipe, and the vertical main pipe is positioned in the middle of the splicing template 5 during embedding to ensure that cementing slurry is uniformly injected through the bifurcated pipe.

(4) When the main body of the artificial waste rock ore pillar 26 is heightened layer by layer to be close to the top plate 20, the annular L-shaped roof connecting device 13 is fixed on the top plate 20, the grouting hole 14 is reserved on the vertical surface of the annular L-shaped roof connecting device 13 and is used for roof connecting grouting, the outer diameter of the vertical panel of the annular L-shaped roof connecting device 13 is the same as the outer diameter of the splicing template 5, the inner diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the buckle 4, the screw hole is reserved on the roof connecting panel of the annular L-shaped roof connecting device 13, and the matched bolt of the annular L-shaped roof connecting device 13 is fixed on the rock mass of the top plate 20. The distance between the top layer splicing formwork 5 and the annular L-shaped roof connecting device 13 is measured, the connecting assembly 18 of corresponding specifications is adopted to connect the top layer splicing formwork 5 and the vertical panel of the annular L-shaped roof connecting device 13, the connecting assembly 18 is formed by processing of a grating 15, high-strength plastic cloth 16 and geotextile 17 and used for connecting the annular L-shaped roof connecting device 13 and the top layer splicing formwork 5 to form a roof connecting space, and then pumping foaming cement is filled to connect the roof and is maintained to the design strength.

The splicing templates 5 on the upper layer and the lower layer and the splicing templates 5 on the uppermost layer, the connecting assembly 18 and the annular L-shaped jacking device 13 are connected and reinforced through the annular steel hoop 10, the plate-shaped joints 11 are preset at two ends of the annular steel hoop 10, the plate-shaped joints 11 are provided with the screw holes 12 in advance, and the upper and lower layers of the splicing templates 5 are fixed and reinforced through screwing the matched bolts.

(5) And (3) stoping the two-step strip 25, and constructing artificial waste rock ore pillars 26 according to the designed spacing with the advancing of the stoping working face, wherein the designed spacing of the artificial waste rock ore pillars 26 is 10-14 m. When the two-step strip 25 is used for stoping, the arrangement point of the artificial waste rock ore pillars 26 is positioned at the triangular vertex of two adjacent artificial waste rock ore pillars 26 of the one-step strip 24, and after the stoping of the two-step strip 25 is finished, the artificial waste rock ore pillars 26 in the panel area are distributed in a diamond shape. When the strip is mined, the blasting operation is used for bundling grass on the periphery of the artificial waste rock ore pillar 26, and meanwhile, the dosage of each surface close to a blasting point is controlled to carry out directional blasting, so that the influence of the blasting operation on the artificial waste rock ore pillar 26 is reduced.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.