阅读说明：本技术 一种冲击式水轮机喷针行程测量结构 (Impulse turbine nozzle needle stroke measurement structure ) 是由 刘永新 宋昱元 于洋 许义群 郭娜 张春 李任飞 柏勇 王焕茂 赵越 许彬 赵 于 2021-08-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种冲击式水轮机喷针行程测量结构,由喷针标定块、喷嘴标定块、深度尺、螺钉组成。分别用深度尺测量喷针在全关位置、任意开启位置下所对应数值,通过计算公式求得喷针任意位置的行程。采用本发明可以准确的测量喷针行程,降低操作难度,提高测量的精度、保证测量值的重复性和可靠性。(The invention discloses a stroke measuring structure for a spray needle of an impulse turbine, which consists of a spray needle calibration block, a spray nozzle calibration block, a depth gauge and a screw. And measuring the corresponding numerical values of the spray needle at the fully closed position and the any open position by using a depth gauge respectively, and calculating the stroke of the spray needle at any position by using a calculation formula. The invention can accurately measure the stroke of the spray needle, reduce the operation difficulty, improve the measurement precision and ensure the repeatability and reliability of the measured value.)

1. The utility model provides an impulse turbine needle stroke measurement structure which characterized in that: the device consists of a spray needle calibration block (3), a spray nozzle calibration block (4), a first screw (5), a depth gauge (6) and a second screw (17); the inner cylindrical surface (8) of the nozzle calibration block (4) is the same as and concentric with the diameter of the outer cylindrical surface (12) of the nozzle (1), the left end surface (7) of the nozzle calibration block (4) is coplanar with the end surface (11) of the nozzle (1), the end surface of the outer sleeve (10) of the depth gauge (6) is coplanar with the right end surface (9) of the nozzle calibration block (4), and the inner conical surface (13) of the nozzle calibration block (3) is concentric with the outer conical surface (15) of the nozzle needle (2); the nozzle calibration block (4) is fixed on the nozzle (1) through a second screw (17), the outer sleeve (10) of the depth gauge (6) is fixed on the nozzle calibration block (4) through a first screw (5), and the nozzle calibration block (3) is pressed onto the outer circular conical surface (15) of the nozzle needle (2) through a gauge handle (16) of the depth gauge (6).

2. The structure of claim 1, wherein the stroke of the needle of the impulse turbine is as follows: the nozzle calibration block (4) is of a semi-cylindrical structure, and the depth of an inner cylindrical surface (8) of the nozzle calibration block (4) is greater than the height of an outer cylindrical surface (12) of the nozzle (1).

3. The structure of claim 1, wherein the stroke of the needle of the impulse turbine is as follows: the conicity of the inner conical surface (13) of the spray needle calibration block (3) is the same as that of the outer conical surface (15) of the spray needle (2); the nozzle calibration block (3) has a spherical outer surface (14), and the center of the spherical outer surface (14) is positioned on the center line of the inner conical surface (13) of the nozzle calibration block (3).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of impulse turbines, in particular to a structure for measuring the stroke of a needle of an impulse turbine.

Background

The impulse turbine utilizes the high-speed jet energy of water to push the rotating wheel to rotate to do work and generate power, the flow of the nozzles is changed by adjusting the strokes of the spray needles under different operating conditions of the turbine, and the flow of the jet flow of each nozzle is required to be the same in the operation of the multi-nozzle impulse turbine, namely the strokes of each spray needle are kept consistent. The consistent spray needle stroke is a reliable guarantee of the high-efficiency operation of the unit, the flow deviation directly influences the efficiency of the impulse turbine, the radial force borne by the rotating wheel is unbalanced, even the vibration and the noise of the unit are caused, and the service life of the unit is influenced. Therefore, in order to ensure the consistency of the strokes of the spray needles, the strokes of the spray needles need to be accurately measured and calibrated, the matching surfaces of the spray needles and the nozzles of the impulse turbine are conical surfaces, the distance between the two conical surfaces in the jet flow direction is the stroke of the spray needle, and the distance between the two conical surfaces in the nozzle cannot be observed and is difficult to accurately measure. Therefore, a measurement structure for the stroke of the injection needle of the impulse turbine is urgently needed to solve the measurement problem of the stroke of the injection needle relative to the fully closed position and ensure the measurement precision and the measurement repeatability.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a stroke measuring structure for a needle of an impulse turbine. The technical scheme of the invention is described as follows: the device consists of a spray needle calibration block, a spray nozzle calibration block, a first screw, a depth gauge and a second screw; the inner cylindrical surface of the nozzle calibration block and the outer cylindrical surface of the nozzle have the same diameter and are concentric, the left end surface of the nozzle calibration block is coplanar with the end surface of the nozzle, the end surface of the outer sleeve of the depth gauge is coplanar with the right end surface of the nozzle calibration block, and the inner conical surface of the spray needle calibration block is concentric with the outer conical surface of the spray needle; the nozzle calibration block is fixed on the nozzle through a second screw, the outer sleeve of the depth gauge is fixed on the nozzle calibration block through a first screw, and the spray needle calibration block is pressed onto the outer conical surface of the spray needle through the gauge handle of the depth gauge.

In the structure for measuring the stroke of the needle of the impulse turbine, the nozzle calibration block is of a semi-cylindrical structure, and the depth of the inner cylindrical surface of the nozzle calibration block is greater than the height of the outer cylindrical surface of the nozzle.

In the structure for measuring the stroke of the injection needle of the impulse turbine, the taper of the inner conical surface of the injection needle calibration block is the same as that of the outer conical surface of the injection needle; the spray needle calibration block is provided with a spherical outer surface, and the spherical center of the spherical outer surface is positioned on the central line of the conical surface in the spray needle calibration block.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. according to the invention, the nozzle needle measuring block is additionally arranged at the front end of the nozzle needle, and the nozzle measuring block is additionally arranged at the front end of the nozzle, so that the nozzle needle which cannot be observed and measured in the nozzle is translated along the jet flow direction relative to the stroke of the fully closed position, and is converted into the axial distance which can be observed and can be easily measured, and the measurement of the nozzle needle of the impulse turbine relative to the stroke of the fully closed position can be realized.

2. According to the invention, positioning references are additionally arranged among the nozzle and nozzle calibration block, the nozzle calibration block and the depth gauge, and the spray needle calibration block, the depth gauge is used for accurate measurement, the stroke of the spray needle relative to a fully-relevant position at any position is calculated by using a formula, and the accuracy and reliability of the measurement result are ensured.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a nozzle jet;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the measurement configuration with the needle in the fully closed position;

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a measuring structure with a needle at any position;

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a nozzle calibration block;

FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the nozzle;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a depth gauge;

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the needle calibration block;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a needle.

The notation in the figure is: 1-a nozzle; 2-spraying needle; 3-a needle-spraying calibration block; 4-nozzle calibration block; 5-a first screw; 6-depth gauge; 7-left end face of nozzle calibration block 4; 8-inner cylindrical surface of the nozzle calibration block 4; 9-the right end face of the nozzle calibration block 4; 10-6 outer sleeves of the depth gauges; 11-nozzle 1 end face; 12-nozzle 1 outer cylindrical surface; 13-the inner conical surface of the spray needle calibration block 3; 14-the outer spherical surface of the spray needle calibration block 3; 15-the outer conical surface of the spray needle 2; 16-6 handles of depth gauges; 17-second screw.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the stroke measuring structure for the needle of the impulse turbine comprises a needle calibration block 3, a nozzle calibration block 4, a first screw 5, a depth gauge 6 and a second screw 17. As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the nozzle calibration block 4 has a semi-cylindrical structure, the inner cylindrical surface 8 of the nozzle calibration block 4 has the same diameter and is concentric with the outer cylindrical surface 12 of the nozzle 1, the left end surface 7 of the nozzle calibration block 4 is coplanar with the end surface 11 of the nozzle 1, and the depth of the inner cylindrical surface 8 of the nozzle calibration block 4 is greater than the height of the outer cylindrical surface 12 of the nozzle 1. The nozzle calibration block 4 is fixed to the nozzle 1 by means of second screws 17, the nozzle calibration block 4 being concentrically connected to the nozzle 1.

As shown in figure 6, the end surface of the outer sleeve 10 of the depth gauge 6 is coplanar with the right end surface 9 of the nozzle calibration block 4, the position of the depth gauge 6 is adjusted to ensure that the central line of the nozzle calibration block 4 is positioned in the measuring range of the handle 16 of the depth gauge 6, and the outer sleeve 10 of the depth gauge 6 is fixed on the nozzle calibration block 4 through the first screw 5.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the taper of the inner conical surface 13 of the needle calibration block 3 is the same as that of the outer conical surface 15 of the needle 2, and the inner conical surface 13 is concentric with the outer conical surface 15; the top of the inner conical surface 13 of the nozzle needle calibration block 3 is drilled to avoid interference with the outer conical surface 15 of the nozzle needle 2; the needle calibration block 3 has a spherical outer surface 14, and the center of the spherical outer surface 14 is located on the center line of the inner conical surface 13 of the needle calibration block 3.

As shown in fig. 2, in the using process, the needle 2 is moved to the full-closed position, a local high point on the conical surface 15 of the needle 2 is ground, the nozzle calibration block 4 and the depth gauge 6 are fixedly connected with the nozzle 1, the needle calibration block 3 is sleeved on the external conical surface 15 of the needle 2, the gauge handle 16 of the depth gauge 6 is moved to press the needle calibration block 3 onto the external conical surface 15 of the needle 2, the needle calibration block 3 is concentric with the needle 2, and the indication L0 of the depth gauge 6 at the moment is recorded; moving the needle 2 to the opening direction to the position 1, as shown in fig. 3, sleeving the needle calibration block 3 on the outer conical surface 15 of the needle 2, moving the ruler handle 16 of the depth ruler 6 to press the needle calibration block 3 onto the outer conical surface 15 of the needle 2, making the needle calibration block 3 concentric with the needle 2, and recording the indication L1 of the depth ruler 6 at the moment; by repeating the measurement, the depth scale numbers L2, L3, and L4 corresponding to the position 2, the position 3, and the position 4 of the needle 2 can be obtained, and the actual stroke of the needle at the position 1, the position 2, the position 3, and the position 4 can be calculated:

position 1 stroke: h1 ═ L1-L0

Position 2 stroke: h2 ═ L2-L0

Position 3 stroke: h3 ═ L3-L0

Position 4 stroke: h4 ═ L4-L0

......

In the formula:

l0 is the reading in millimeters of the depth gauge 6 when the needle 2 is in the fully closed position;

l1 is the reading in millimeters of the depth gauge 6 when the needle 2 is in the open position 1;

l2 is the reading in millimeters of the depth gauge 6 when the needle 2 is in the open position 2;

l3 is the reading in millimeters of the depth gauge 6 when the needle 2 is in the open position 3;

l4 is the reading in millimeters of the depth gauge 6 when the needle 2 is in the open position 4;

h1 is the stroke of the needle 2 in the open position 1, in millimeters;

h2 is the stroke of the needle 2 in the open position 2, in millimeters;

h3 is the stroke of the needle 2 in the open position 3, in millimeters;

h4 is the stroke of the needle 2 in the open position 4, in millimeters;

the working principle is as follows: referring to the schematic diagram of the nozzle jet shown in fig. 1, when the needle is in a certain stroke, high-pressure water flows in from the inlet of the straight-flow nozzle, and the water flow velocity is gradually increased due to the decrease of the annular cross-sectional area between the needle and the nozzle at the outlet of the straight-flow nozzle, and the pressure at the outlet of the nozzle is atmospheric pressure, where the water flow is injected into the atmosphere at a high velocity. When the hydraulic turbine changes the operating mode, the spray needle can move along the jet flow direction so as to change the annular area between the spray needle and the nozzle and realize the adjustment of the jet flow of the spray needle.

The measuring structure has high precision, positioning reference exists among all connecting parts, and excessive manual adjustment is not needed, so that the influence of human factors on the measuring result can be eliminated, and the reliability and the repeatability of the measuring result are ensured.

The measuring result is not reduced due to the abrasion of the spray needle and the spray nozzle, the spray needle and the spray nozzle are easily abraded due to the high-speed washing of water flow in the actual operation, the conical surface of the spray needle is used as a positioning reference, the matching surface of the spray needle calibration block and the spray needle is long enough to ensure the positioning precision, the local high point is ground after the spray needle is abraded, the residual matching surface can still ensure the positioning precision, and the final measuring precision is not influenced; the nozzle positioning reference selects an outer end surface and an outer cylindrical surface that will not wear.

The present invention is not limited to the above preferred embodiments, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.