阅读说明：本技术 低温蒸馏室 (Cryogenic distillation chamber ) 是由 付柏山 牛冉 于 2021-07-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种低温蒸馏室,包括外壳、隔热屏、进液管和吸气管,外壳具有蒸馏腔；隔热屏连接于外壳并容置于蒸馏腔的内部,隔热屏与外壳限定出隔热腔；进液管连接于外壳的下部,进液管连通于隔热腔；吸气管连接于外壳的上部,吸气管连通于隔热腔。在蒸馏腔内部设置隔热屏,隔热屏能够对外界的热辐射进行反射,从而能够减少辐射漏热,降低漏热量,提高制冷效率。(The invention discloses a low-temperature distillation chamber, which comprises a shell, a heat shield, a liquid inlet pipe and an air suction pipe, wherein the shell is provided with a distillation cavity; the heat shield is connected with the shell and is contained in the distillation cavity, and the heat shield and the shell define a heat insulation cavity; the liquid inlet pipe is connected to the lower part of the shell and communicated with the heat insulation cavity; the air suction pipe is connected to the upper part of the shell and communicated with the heat insulation cavity. Set up the heat shield at distillation intracavity portion, the heat shield can reflect external heat radiation to can reduce the radiation heat leakage, reduce the heat leakage volume, improve refrigeration efficiency.)

1. A cryogenic distillation chamber, comprising:

a housing having a distillation chamber;

the heat shield is connected to the lower part of the shell and is contained in the distillation cavity, and the heat shield and the inner wall of the shell define a heat insulation cavity;

the liquid inlet pipe is connected to the lower part of the shell and communicated with the heat insulation cavity;

the air suction pipe is connected to the upper part of the shell and communicated with the heat insulation cavity.

2. The cryogenic distillation chamber of claim 1 further comprising a temperature control assembly, wherein the temperature control assembly comprises a temperature sensor and a first heater, the temperature sensor and the first heater are both connected to the housing, the temperature sensor can acquire temperature information of the distillation chamber, and the first heater is used for adjusting the temperature in the distillation chamber according to the temperature information.

3. A cryogenic distillation chamber according to claim 2 wherein the temperature sensor and the first heater are both connected to a side of the housing remote from the insulated chamber.

4. The cryogenic distillation chamber of claim 2, wherein the temperature control assembly further comprises a second heater and a throat, the throat is connected to the upper portion of the heat shield, the suction pipe, the throat and the heat insulation chamber are sequentially communicated, the second heater is connected to the throat, and the second heater is used for adjusting the temperature of the throat.

5. A cryogenic distillation chamber according to claim 1 wherein the heat shield defines a communication aperture through which the distillation chamber and the heat shield chamber communicate.

6. A cryogenic distillation chamber as claimed in claim 1 further comprising a return conduit comprising an inlet section, a heat exchange section and an outlet section connected in series, wherein one end of the inlet section is connected to the upper portion of the housing, the heat exchange section is received in the insulating cavity, and one end of the outlet section is connected to the lower portion of the housing.

7. A cryogenic distillation chamber according to claim 6 wherein the heat exchange section is in the form of a spiral disc.

8. A cryogenic distillation chamber according to claim 6 or 7 wherein the heat exchange section contacts an inner wall of the outer shell.

9. The cryogenic distillation chamber of claim 8, wherein the inner wall of the outer shell defines a heat exchange slot, the heat exchange section is embedded in the heat exchange slot, and the heat exchange section contacts the slot wall of the heat exchange slot.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of dilution refrigeration, in particular to a low-temperature distillation chamber.

Background

In the technical field of dilution refrigeration, a low-temperature distillation chamber is an important part for maintaining and controlling circulation flow, and in the related technology, the low-temperature distillation chamber has the problem of large heat leakage due to heat radiation in work, so that the refrigeration efficiency is low.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a low-temperature distillation chamber which can reduce the heat leakage and improve the refrigeration efficiency.

The low-temperature distillation chamber provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises a shell, a heat shield, a liquid inlet pipe and an air suction pipe, wherein the shell is provided with a distillation cavity; the heat shield is connected to the lower part of the shell and is contained in the distillation cavity, and the heat shield and the inner wall of the shell define a heat insulation cavity; the liquid inlet pipe is connected to the lower part of the shell and communicated with the heat insulation cavity; the air suction pipe is connected to the upper part of the shell and communicated with the heat insulation cavity.

The low-temperature distillation chamber provided by the embodiment of the invention at least has the following beneficial effects: set up the heat shield at distillation intracavity portion, the heat shield can reflect external heat radiation to can reduce the radiation heat leakage, reduce the heat leakage volume, improve refrigeration efficiency.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the low temperature distillation chamber further includes a temperature control assembly, the temperature control assembly includes a temperature sensor and a first heater, the temperature sensor and the first heater are both connected to the housing, the temperature sensor can acquire temperature information of the distillation cavity, and the first heater is configured to adjust a temperature in the distillation cavity according to the temperature information.

In some embodiments of the invention, the temperature sensor and the first heater are both connected to a side of the housing remote from the insulated chamber.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature control assembly further includes a second heater and a throat, the throat is connected to an upper portion of the heat shield, the air suction pipe, the throat and the heat insulation cavity are sequentially communicated, the second heater is connected to the throat, and the second heater is configured to adjust a temperature of the throat.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat shield is provided with a communication hole, and the distillation chamber and the heat insulation chamber are communicated through the communication hole.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat insulation device further includes a return pipe, the return pipe includes a leading-in section, a heat exchange section and a leading-out section, which are connected in sequence, one end of the leading-in section is connected to the upper portion of the housing, the heat exchange section is accommodated in the heat insulation cavity, and one end of the leading-out section is connected to the lower portion of the housing.

In some embodiments of the invention, the heat exchange section is in the shape of a spiral disk.

In some embodiments of the invention, the heat exchange section is in contact with an inner wall of the housing.

In some embodiments of the present invention, a heat exchange groove is formed on an inner wall of the housing, the heat exchange section is embedded in the heat exchange groove, and the heat exchange section contacts with a groove wall of the heat exchange groove.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples, in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cryogenic distillation chamber according to some embodiments provided in the first aspect of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the cryogenic distillation chamber shown in FIG. 1;

fig. 3 is a top view of a return line of the cryogenic distillation chamber shown in fig. 1.

Reference numerals:

the low-temperature distillation chamber 100, the outer shell 110, the distillation chamber 111, the top cover 112, the side plate 113, the bottom plate 114, the heat exchange tank 1141, the heat shield 120, the heat insulation chamber 121, the communication hole 122, the liquid inlet pipe 130, the gas suction pipe 140, the temperature control assembly 150, the temperature sensor 151, the first heater 152, the second heater 153, the throat pipe 154, the return pipe 160, the introduction section 161, the heat exchange section 162, and the discharge section 163.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship referred to in the description of the orientation, such as the upper, lower, left, right, etc., is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly limited, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection and the like should be understood in a broad sense, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention in combination with the specific contents of the technical solutions.

In the description of the present invention, reference to the description of "one embodiment," "some embodiments," or the like, means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The cryogenic distillation chamber 100 provided by the embodiment of the first aspect of the present invention comprises a housing 110, a heat shield 120, a liquid inlet pipe 130 and a gas suction pipe 140, wherein the housing 110 has a distillation chamber 111; the heat shield 120 is connected to the lower portion of the outer case 110 and is accommodated inside the distillation chamber 111, and the heat shield 120 and the inner wall of the outer case 110 define a heat insulating chamber 121; the liquid inlet pipe 130 is connected to the lower part of the casing 110, and the liquid inlet pipe 130 is communicated with the heat insulation chamber 121; the air suction pipe 140 is connected to the upper portion of the casing 110, and the air suction pipe 140 is communicated with the heat insulating chamber 121.

For example, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the cryogenic distillation chamber 100 includes a housing 110, a heat shield 120, a liquid inlet pipe 130 and a gas suction pipe 140, the housing 110 having a distillation chamber 111; the heat shield 120 is connected to the lower portion of the outer case 110 and is accommodated inside the distillation chamber 111, and the heat shield 120 and the inner wall of the outer case 110 define a heat insulating chamber 121; the liquid inlet pipe 130 is connected to the lower part of the casing 110, and the liquid inlet pipe 130 is communicated with the heat insulation chamber 121; the air suction pipe 140 is connected to the upper portion of the casing 110, and the air suction pipe 140 is communicated with the heat insulating chamber 121.

The heat insulation chamber 121 accommodates therein³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴He mixed liquid due to³The saturated vapor pressure of He is much higher than that of He⁴The saturated vapor pressure of He is such that,the air suction pipe 140 sucks air from the heat insulating chamber 121, and can suck the air first³He vapor, cooled and liquefied in the rest of the apparatus, and then replenished into the heat-insulating chamber 121³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴In He mixed liquid, to³He is circulated, and refrigeration is achieved through phase change during circulation. During this operation, heat leakage from the cryogenic distillation chamber 100 may occur due to the influence of external heat radiation on the cryogenic distillation chamber 100, and thus the refrigeration efficiency is low. Therefore, the heat shield 120 is disposed inside the distillation cavity 111, and the heat shield 120 can reflect external heat radiation, so that radiation heat leakage can be reduced, heat leakage amount is reduced, and refrigeration efficiency is improved.

It is understood that the housing 110 may be composed of a top cover 112, side plates 113 and a bottom plate 114, and the material of the housing 110 is not limited, for example, the top cover 112 and the side plates 113 may be made of stainless steel material, which can reduce the effect of heat conduction and prevent the cold in the distillation chamber 111 from being uploaded; the bottom plate 114 may be made of an oxygen-free copper material, which has good thermal conductivity and facilitates heat exchange and temperature control within the distillation chamber 111. The heat shield 120 should be made of a material with high heat reflectivity, such as copper, aluminum and the like with high surface smoothness, and oxygen-free copper with a smooth surface can be adopted, and the material with high surface smoothness has high heat reflectivity, so that external heat radiation can be reflected well, heat leakage is reduced, and the refrigeration efficiency is improved; the oxygen-free copper material has good heat conductivity and can stably maintain a low-temperature state.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the low temperature distillation chamber 100 further includes a temperature control assembly 150, the temperature control assembly 150 includes a temperature sensor 151 and a first heater 152, the temperature sensor 151 and the first heater 152 are both connected to the housing 110, the temperature sensor 151 can obtain temperature information of the distillation chamber 111, and the first heater 152 is used for adjusting the temperature in the distillation chamber 111 according to the temperature information.

For example, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the cryogenic distillation chamber 100 further comprises a temperature control assembly 150, the temperature control assembly 150 comprises a temperature sensor 151 and a first heater 152, the temperature sensor 151 and the first heater 152 are both connected to the housing 110, and the temperature sensor 151 can be connected to the housing 110Temperature information of the distillation chamber 111 is obtained, and the first heater 152 is used for adjusting the temperature in the distillation chamber 111 according to the temperature information, and can be adjusted by adjusting the temperature in the distillation chamber 111³The evaporation flow rate of He vapor is adjusted to adjust the overall circulation flow rate.

It is understood that the temperature sensor 151 may be a thermocouple, a resistance temperature measuring device, etc., and may be selected according to the actual use requirement. The first heater 152 may employ a resistance heater or the like.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature sensor 151 and the first heater 152 are both connected to a side of the housing 110 away from the insulating cavity 121.

For example, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the temperature sensor 151 and the first heater 152 are both connected to a side of the housing 110 away from the insulating cavity 121, so that the temperature sensor 151 and the first heater 152 can be easily repaired and replaced.

It will be appreciated that the above-described,³of dilute phase He³He-⁴He mixed liquid is contained in the adiabatic chamber 121 and above the base plate 114, so that the temperature sensor 151 can be attached to the base plate 114 to more accurately obtain³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴Temperature information of the He mixed liquid; the first heater 152 may be attached to the base plate 114 so as to be relatively direct to³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴The He mixed liquid is heated, thereby improving the accuracy of temperature control to more precisely adjust the circulation flow rate. The bottom plate 114 can be made of oxygen-free copper, which has good thermal conductivity and can further improve the temperature sensor 151 pair³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴The accuracy of temperature measurement of the He mixed liquid can be further improved, and the pair of first heaters 152 can be further improved³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴The accuracy of temperature control of the He mixed liquid further improves the control accuracy of the circulation flow.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the temperature control assembly 150 further includes a second heater 153 and a throat 154, the throat 154 is connected to the upper portion of the heat shield 120, the suction pipe 140, the throat 154 and the heat insulation chamber 121 are sequentially communicated, the second heater 153 is connected to the throat 154, and the second heater 153 is used for adjusting the temperature of the throat 154.

For example, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the temperature control assembly 150 further includes a second heater 153 and a throat 154, the throat 154 is connected to the upper portion of the heat shield 120, the suction pipe 140, the throat 154 and the heat insulation chamber 121 are sequentially communicated, the second heater 153 is connected to the throat 154, and the second heater 153 is used for adjusting the temperature of the throat 154. When the temperature is reduced to 2.17K,⁴he liquid will be converted to a superfluid that can climb along the inner wall of the heat shield 120, through the throat 154 and into the suction tube 140, causing⁴He over-flow loss and heat leakage loss occur, which reduces the refrigeration efficiency and even affects the normal operation of the refrigerator. The second heater 153 is connected to the throat 154, and the second heater 630 can heat the throat 154⁴As He superfluid climbs to the throat 154, as the temperature rises,⁴he superfluid will be reconverted⁴He liquid, flowing back into the adiabatic chamber 121, thereby reducing⁴The over-current loss of He and the heat leakage loss generated in the process ensure the normal operation of the refrigerator.

It is understood that the second heater 153 may be a heating wire, and the second heater 153 is wound around the throat 154 to uniformly heat the throat 154 to prevent the throat 154 from being heated⁴He superfluid climbs along throat 154 into suction tube 140. The material of the throat 154 can be oxygen-free copper, the heat conductivity of the oxygen-free copper is good, the throat 154 is made of the oxygen-free copper, the second heater 153 heats the throat 154 through the outer wall of the throat 154, the temperature of the outer wall of the throat 154 can be close to that of the inner wall, the heating efficiency of the second heater 153 can be improved, and energy is saved.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat shield 120 is provided with a communication hole 122, and the distillation chamber 111 and the heat insulation chamber 121 are communicated through the communication hole 122.

For example, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the heat shield 120 has a communication hole 122, the distillation chamber 111 and the heat shield chamber 121 communicate with each other through the communication hole 122, and the heat shield 120 can be partially immersed in the distillation chamber³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴He mixed liquid can reflect external heat radiation while maintaining a low temperature, and furtherThe heat leakage is reduced, and the refrigeration efficiency is improved.

It will be appreciated that the size and number of the communication holes 122 are not limited and should be such as to ensure that the heat shield 120 is partially submerged in³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴Guarantee thermal-insulated effect when He mixes in the liquid, can set up according to the in-service use demand. The communication holes 122 should be formed at the position of the heat shield 120 close to the bottom plate 114 to ensure that³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴The He mixed liquid can submerge a portion of the heat shield 120. The heat shield 120 can be made of oxygen-free copper with good thermal conductivity, and can be soaked in the oxygen-free copper³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴In the He mixed liquid, a low temperature state can be maintained relatively stably.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the cryogenic distillation chamber further comprises a return pipe 160, the return pipe 160 comprises an inlet section 161, a heat exchange section 162 and an outlet section 163 which are connected in sequence, one end of the inlet section 161 is connected to the upper portion of the outer shell 110, the heat exchange section 162 is accommodated in the insulation chamber 121, and one end of the outlet section 163 is connected to the lower portion of the outer shell 110.

For example, as shown in fig. 1 to 2, the return pipe 160 includes an inlet section 161, a heat exchange section 162, and an outlet section 163 connected in sequence, one end of the inlet section 410 is connected to an upper portion of the casing 110, the heat exchange section 162 is accommodated in the insulation chamber 121, and one end of the outlet section 163 is connected to a lower portion of the casing 110. With heat exchange sections 162 arranged in the insulating chamber 121, to be returned³He vapor enters the heat exchange section 162 through the introduction section 161, and, under a low temperature environment inside the adiabatic chamber 121,³he vapor is gradually condensed into³He liquid, which is then output through the lead-out section 163. The return pipe 160 is partially housed inside the cryogenic distillation chamber 100, and uses the low temperature of the cryogenic distillation chamber 100³He steam is used for cooling, and the utilization rate of cold energy can be improved.

It will be appreciated that to ensure the heat exchange effectiveness of the heat exchange section 162, the heat exchange section 162 is submerged in the dilute phase of 3He³He -⁴He mixed liquid.

In some embodiments of the present invention, the heat exchange section 162 has a spiral disk shape.

For example, as shown in FIG. 3The heat exchange section 162 is in the shape of a spiral plate, the heat exchange area of the spiral plate-shaped heat exchange section 162 is large, the heat exchange effect is good, and the heat exchange area is large for the heat exchange in the return pipe 160³He vapor cooling liquefaction has high efficiency and can maintain³And (3) smooth circulation of He.

It can be understood that the size and the coiling manner of the heat exchange section 162 are not limited, and the longer the length of the heat exchange section 162 is, the larger the heat exchange area is, and the heat exchange section can be set according to the actual use requirement.

In some embodiments of the present invention, heat exchange section 162 contacts an inner wall of outer shell 110.

For example, as shown in FIG. 2, heat exchange section 162 may contact an inner wall of housing 110, of heat exchange section 162³Heat is released during the liquefaction of He vapor and the heat can be diffused to the outside through the case 110, thereby reducing³Heat released in He steam cooling liquefaction process³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴The influence of the He mixed liquid improves the refrigeration efficiency.

It will be appreciated, with reference to FIG. 2, that heat exchange section 162 may contact base plate 114 to ensure that heat exchange section 162 is submerged in³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴He mixed liquid. The bottom plate 114 can be made of oxygen-free copper, which has good thermal conductivity and can further improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange section 162.

In some embodiments of the present invention, heat exchanging groove 1141 is formed on the inner wall of casing 110, heat exchanging section 162 is embedded in heat exchanging groove 1141, and heat exchanging section 420 contacts the wall of heat exchanging groove 1141.

For example, as shown in fig. 2, a heat exchange groove 1141 is formed on the inner wall of the casing 110, the heat exchange section 162 is embedded in the heat exchange groove 1141, and the heat exchange section 162 contacts with the wall of the heat exchange groove 1141, so that the contact area between the heat exchange section 162 and the bottom plate 114 can be further increased, the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved, and the heat exchange efficiency can be further improved³Cooling liquefaction efficiency of He vapor.

It will be appreciated that, with reference to FIG. 2, heat exchange slot 1141 may be open on base plate 114, in heat exchange section 162³Heat is released during the liquefaction of He vapor and can be dissipated through the bottom plate 114 to the outside, thereby reducing the heat loss³Discharge in He steam cooling liquefaction processThe heat generated is to³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴The influence of the He mixed liquid improves the refrigeration efficiency. The bottom plate 114 can be made of oxygen-free copper, which has good thermal conductivity and can further improve the heat exchange efficiency of the heat exchange section 162.

The cryogenic distillation chamber 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention is described in detail in one complete embodiment with reference to fig. 1 to 3. It is to be understood that the following description is illustrative only and is not intended to be in any way limiting.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, the cryogenic distillation chamber 100 includes a housing 110, a heat shield 120, a liquid inlet pipe 130, a gas suction pipe 140, and a temperature control assembly 150.

The housing 110 includes a top cover 112, side plates 113, and a bottom plate 114, the top cover 112, side plates 113, and bottom plate 114 defining a distillation chamber 111. The top cover 112 and the side plates 113 are made of stainless steel material, and the bottom plate 114 is made of oxygen-free copper material.

The heat shield 120 is connected to the bottom plate 114 and is accommodated in the distillation chamber 111, the heat shield 120 and the bottom plate 114 define a heat insulating chamber 121, a communication hole 122 is formed at a lower portion of the heat shield 120, and the heat insulating chamber 121 and the distillation chamber 111 are communicated through the communication hole 122. The heat shield 120 is made of an oxygen-free copper material.

The liquid inlet pipe 130 is connected to the bottom plate 114, and the liquid inlet pipe 130 communicates with the heat insulating chamber 121.

The air suction pipe 140 is connected to the top cover 112, and the air suction pipe 140 is communicated with the heat insulation chamber 121.

The temperature control assembly 150 comprises a temperature sensor 151, a first heater 152, a second heater 153 and a throat pipe 154, wherein the temperature sensor 151 and the first heater 152 are connected to one side of the bottom plate 114 far away from the distillation cavity 111, and the temperature sensor 151 can acquire temperature information of the distillation cavity 111; the first heater 152 is used for adjusting the temperature in the distillation chamber 111; the throat pipe 154 is connected to the top of the heat shield 120, and the air suction pipe 140, the throat pipe 154 and the heat insulation cavity 121 are sequentially communicated; the second heater 153 is wound around the outer wall of the throat 154, and the second heater 153 is used to adjust the temperature of the throat 154. The throat 154 is made of an oxygen free copper material.

The return pipe 160 includes an inlet section 161, a heat exchange section 162 and an outlet section 163 which are sequentially communicated, one end of the inlet section 410 is connected to the top cover 112, the heat exchange section 162 is accommodated in a heat exchange groove 1141 formed on the bottom plate 114, the heat exchange section 162 is in a spiral disc shape, and one end of the outlet section 163 is connected to the bottom plate 114.

The heat insulation chamber 121 accommodates therein³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴He mixed liquid due to³The saturated vapor pressure of He is much higher than that of He⁴He saturated vapor pressure, the suction pipe 140 sucks the heat insulating chamber 121, and can suck the heat insulating chamber first³He vapor, cooled and liquefied in the rest of the apparatus, and then replenished into the heat-insulating chamber 121³Of dilute phase He³He-⁴In He mixed liquid, to³He is circulated, and refrigeration is achieved through phase change during circulation. The heat shield 120 of the cryogenic distillation chamber 100 can reflect external heat radiation, thereby reducing radiation heat leakage, reducing heat leakage, and improving refrigeration efficiency.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the gist of the present invention. Furthermore, the embodiments of the present invention and the features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.