阅读说明：本技术 一种水平梯田的耕地土壤质量提升方法 (Method for improving cultivated land soil quality of horizontal terrace ) 是由 岳自慧 刘平 王文 翟汝伟 李真朴 徐志友 于 2020-12-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种水平梯田的耕地土壤质量提升方法,包括水平梯田耕地,水平梯田耕地改善方法包括：化学措施、物理措施和生物措施；化学措施：每年向水平梯田耕施改良土壤酸碱性的施复合肥；物理措施：每年深耕翻水平梯田耕；生物措施：每年向水平梯田耕地施农家肥、生物有机肥和水平梯田耕作物产生的秸秆做的肥；解决了坡改梯后作物种植不合理导致的经济效益低下问题,水平梯田建设第一年至第五年,产投比分别为0.62、0.75、0.92、1.03、1.12,水平梯田建设经济效益明显；设计简单,操作方便,节约了成本提高了经济效益。(The invention discloses a method for improving the farmland soil quality of a horizontal terrace, which comprises the ploughing of the horizontal terrace, and the method for improving the ploughing of the horizontal terrace comprises the following steps: chemical, physical and biological measures; chemical measures are as follows: ploughing a horizontal terraced field every year with a compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil; physical measures are as follows: deep ploughing and turning horizontal ladder field ploughing every year; biological measures are as follows: applying farmyard manure, bio-organic fertilizer and fertilizer made of straws generated by crops ploughed in the horizontal terraced fields to the horizontal terraced fields every year; the problem of low economic benefit caused by unreasonable crop planting after changing the slope into the terrace is solved, the production-input ratio is respectively 0.62, 0.75, 0.92, 1.03 and 1.12 from the first year to the fifth year of the horizontal terrace construction, and the economic benefit of the horizontal terrace construction is obvious; the design is simple, the operation is convenient, the cost is saved, and the economic benefit is improved.)

1. A method for improving the soil quality of farmland of a horizontal terrace comprises the farmland of the horizontal terrace, and is characterized in that the method for improving the farmland of the horizontal terrace comprises the following steps: chemical, physical and biological measures;

the horizontal terrace is built within 1-2 years:

chemical measures are as follows: detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and ploughing and applying 38kg to 42kg of compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil to the horizontal terraced fields every year according to the detected PH value;

physical measures are as follows: deep ploughing and turning the horizontal terrace for 2 to 4 times every year, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is more than 30cm each time, and film mulching planting is adopted for each planting;

biological measures are as follows: applying 2000kg to 3000kg of farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace land each year, applying 150kg to 300kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace land each year, and returning the straw full-amount produced by the crops cultivated in the horizontal terrace land each year to the farmland as fertilizer;

the horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

chemical measures are as follows: detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and ploughing 36kg to 40kg of compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil to the horizontal terraced fields every year according to the detected pH value;

physical measures are as follows: deep ploughing and turning the horizontal terrace for 1 to 2 times every year, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is more than 20cm each time, and film mulching planting is adopted for each planting;

biological measures are as follows: 900kg to 1100kg of farmyard manure is applied to the horizontal terrace farmlands per mu every year, 250kg to 350kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied to the horizontal terrace farmlands per mu every year, and the straws generated by the horizontal terrace farmlands are fertilized for 2 times per year or 2 times per year in 3 times per year.

2. The method for improving the soil quality in the cultivated land of the horizontal terrace according to claim 1, wherein the compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer containing trace elements, a compound fertilizer containing rare earth, a compound fertilizer containing microorganisms, a compound fertilizer containing pesticides or a compound fertilizer containing humic acid.

3. The method for improving the cultivated land soil quality of the horizontal terrace according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal terrace is constructed within 1-2 years:

chemical measures are as follows: and detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and ploughing 39.5kg to 40.5kg of compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil to the horizontal terraced fields every year according to the detected PH value.

4. The method for improving the cultivated land soil quality of the horizontal terrace according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal terrace is constructed within 1-2 years:

physical measures are as follows: and deeply ploughing the horizontal terrace 3 times every year, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is 30 cm-40 cm each time.

5. The method for improving the cultivated land soil quality of the horizontal terrace according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal terrace is constructed within 1-2 years:

biological measures are as follows: and applying 2300kg to 2600kg of farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace farmland each year, and applying 200kg to 250kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace farmland each year.

6. The method for improving the cultivated land soil quality of the horizontal terrace according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

chemical measures are as follows: and detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and ploughing and applying 38kg to 40kg of compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil to the horizontal terraced fields every year according to the detected pH value.

7. The method for improving the cultivated land soil quality of the horizontal terrace according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

physical measures are as follows: and deeply ploughing the horizontal terrace land for 1 time every year, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 20cm to 30cm each time.

8. The method for improving the cultivated land soil quality of the horizontal terrace according to claim 1, wherein the horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

biological measures are as follows: applying 950kg to 1050kg of farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace farmland each mu each year, and applying 290kg to 310kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace farmland each mu each year.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a soil quality improving method, in particular to a method for improving the cultivated land soil quality of a horizontal terrace.

Background

The horizontal terraced fields are planted in many places in China, the horizontal terraced fields in the northwest region of China are monitored and researched, and compared with slope croplands, yield reduction of different degrees can occur in the terraced fields which are newly built 1-2 years after wheat, corn and pasture are planted in the horizontal terraced fields, the yield of the terraced fields is basically recovered 3-5 years, and the yield of the terraced fields is remarkably increased more than 5 years; the yield of the planted potatoes in terraces of 1-2 years, 3-5 years and more than 5 years is increased by 11.10%, 18.03% and 26.01% respectively.

Water and soil conservation effect of horizontal terraced fields: in the initial stage of changing the sloping field into the horizontal terraced fields, the soil fertility and the soil moisture are reduced compared with those before construction, after 3-5 years of reasonable fertilization and cultivation, the soil fertility and the soil moisture content are gradually recovered, the terraced fields are changed and planted for more than 5 years, the comprehensive soil fertility level is improved by more than 15% compared with the sloping field, and the average moisture content of the soil at different soil layer depths is obviously improved; under the same precipitation condition, the slope farmland monitors 8 times of runoff yield, and the horizontal terraces are completely infiltrated in situ, so that the runoff and sediment retaining capacity is effectively improved.

Problems with horizontal terraces: after the horizontal terrace is cultivated for years, water and soil loss still occurs, the fertility is reduced, and the crop yield is reduced, so that the invention of the method for improving the cultivated land soil quality of the horizontal terrace is necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for improving the cultivated land soil quality of a horizontal terrace. The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for improving the soil quality of farmland in a horizontal terrace comprises the steps of: chemical, physical and biological measures;

the horizontal terrace is built within 1-2 years:

chemical measures are as follows: detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and ploughing and applying 38kg to 42kg of compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil to the horizontal terraced fields every year according to the detected PH value;

physical measures are as follows: deep ploughing and turning the horizontal terrace for 2 to 4 times every year, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is more than 30cm each time, and film mulching planting is adopted for each planting;

biological measures are as follows: applying 2000kg to 3000kg of farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace land each year, applying 150kg to 300kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace land each year, and returning the straw full-amount produced by the crops cultivated in the horizontal terrace land each year to the farmland as fertilizer;

the horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

chemical measures are as follows: detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and ploughing 36kg to 40kg of compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil to the horizontal terraced fields every year according to the detected pH value;

physical measures are as follows: deep ploughing and turning the horizontal terrace for 1 to 2 times every year, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is more than 20cm each time, and film mulching planting is adopted for each planting;

biological measures are as follows: applying 900kg to 1100kg of farmyard manure to each mu of horizontal terrace land every year, applying 250kg to 350kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of horizontal terrace land every year, and returning the total amount of straws generated by the crops cultivated in the horizontal terrace land to the farmland to be fertilized for 2 times per year or 2 times per year for 3 times per year;

further, the compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer containing trace elements, a compound fertilizer containing rare earth, a compound fertilizer containing microorganisms, a compound fertilizer containing pesticides or a compound fertilizer containing humic acid.

Further, the horizontal terrace is built within 1-2 years:

chemical measures are as follows: and detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and ploughing 39.5kg to 40.5kg of compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil to the horizontal terraced fields every year according to the detected PH value.

Further, the horizontal terrace is built within 1-2 years:

physical measures are as follows: and deeply ploughing the horizontal terrace 3 times every year, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is 30 cm-40 cm each time.

Further, the horizontal terrace is built within 1-2 years:

biological measures are as follows: and applying 2300kg to 2600kg of farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace farmland each year, and applying 200kg to 250kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace farmland each year.

Further, the horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

chemical measures are as follows: and detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and ploughing and applying 38kg to 40kg of compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil to the horizontal terraced fields every year according to the detected pH value.

Further, the horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

physical measures are as follows: and deeply ploughing the horizontal terrace land for 1 time every year, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 20cm to 30cm each time.

Further, the horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

biological measures are as follows: applying 950kg to 1050kg of farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace farmland each mu each year, and applying 290kg to 310kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace farmland each mu each year.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the method for improving the cultivated land soil quality of the horizontal terrace solves the problem of low economic benefit caused by unreasonable crop planting after the slope is changed into the terrace. In the first 2 years of horizontal terrace construction, the potatoes are recommended to be used as the main crops for planting; 3-5 years after the horizontal terrace is built, the planted crops can be selected from potatoes, corns, beans, pasture and the like; after 5 years of horizontal terrace construction, the planted crops are not limited any more, the yield is stable, and water and soil are not easy to lose.

2. According to the farmland improved by the method, the land quality monitoring result shows that the yield and input ratios of the farmland improved by the horizontal terrace from the first year to the fifth year are respectively 0.62, 0.75, 0.92, 1.03 and 1.12, and the economic benefit of the horizontal terrace construction is obvious.

3. The method for improving the cultivated land soil quality of the horizontal terrace has the advantages of simple design, convenience in operation, cost saving and economic benefit improvement.

Detailed Description

A method for improving the soil quality of farmland in a horizontal terrace comprises the steps of: chemical, physical and biological measures;

the horizontal terrace is built within 1-2 years:

chemical measures are as follows: detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and ploughing and applying 38kg to 42kg of compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil to the horizontal terraced fields every year according to the detected PH value;

physical measures are as follows: deep ploughing and turning the horizontal terrace for 2 to 4 times every year, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is more than 30cm each time, and film mulching planting is adopted for each planting;

biological measures are as follows: applying 2000kg to 3000kg of farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace land each year, applying 150kg to 300kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace land each year, and returning the straw full-amount produced by the crops cultivated in the horizontal terrace land each year to the farmland as fertilizer;

the horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

chemical measures are as follows: detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and ploughing 36kg to 40kg of compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil to the horizontal terraced fields every year according to the detected pH value;

physical measures are as follows: deep ploughing and turning the horizontal terrace for 1 to 2 times every year, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is more than 20cm each time, and film mulching planting is adopted for each planting;

biological measures are as follows: applying 900kg to 1100kg of farmyard manure to each mu of horizontal terrace land every year, applying 250kg to 350kg of bio-organic fertilizer to each mu of horizontal terrace land every year, and returning the total amount of straws generated by the crops cultivated in the horizontal terrace land to the farmland to be fertilized for 2 times per year or 2 times per year for 3 times per year;

specifically, the compound fertilizer is a compound fertilizer containing trace elements, a compound fertilizer containing rare earth, a compound fertilizer containing microorganisms, a compound fertilizer containing pesticides or a compound fertilizer containing humic acid.

Specifically, the horizontal terrace is built within 1-2 years:

chemical measures are as follows: and detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and ploughing 39.5kg to 40.5kg of compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil to the horizontal terraced fields every year according to the detected PH value.

Specifically, the horizontal terrace is built within 1-2 years:

physical measures are as follows: and deeply ploughing the horizontal terrace 3 times every year, wherein the depth of deep ploughing is 30 cm-40 cm each time.

Specifically, the horizontal terrace is built within 1-2 years:

biological measures are as follows: and applying 2300kg to 2600kg of farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace farmland each year, and applying 200kg to 250kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace farmland each year.

Specifically, the horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

chemical measures are as follows: and detecting the acidity and alkalinity of the soil, and ploughing and applying 38kg to 40kg of compound fertilizer for improving the acidity and alkalinity of the soil to the horizontal terraced fields every year according to the detected pH value.

Specifically, the horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

physical measures are as follows: and deeply ploughing the horizontal terrace land for 1 time every year, wherein the deep ploughing depth is 20cm to 30cm each time.

Specifically, the horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

biological measures are as follows: applying 950kg to 1050kg of farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace farmland each mu each year, and applying 290kg to 310kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace farmland each mu each year.

The first embodiment is as follows:

the invention discloses a method for improving the farmland soil quality of a horizontal terrace, which comprises the ploughing of the horizontal terrace, and the method for improving the ploughing of the horizontal terrace comprises the following steps: chemical, physical and biological measures;

in 1-2 years of horizontal terrace construction:

the chemical measures are as follows: detecting the pH value of the horizontal terrace soil by a stone test paper colorimetric method, firstly judging the pH value of the horizontal terrace soil according to the detected pH value, and then ploughing and applying 40kg of compound fertilizer for improving the pH value of the soil to the horizontal terrace soil every year according to the pH value of the soil;

physical measures are as follows: deep ploughing the horizontal terrace land for 1 time each year in spring and autumn, wherein the deep ploughing depth is more than 30cm each time, and mulching film planting is adopted for each planting;

biological measures are as follows: applying 2500kg of farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace cultivated land in spring and autumn every year, applying 200kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace cultivated land in spring and autumn every year, and returning the total amount of straws generated by the crops cultivated in the horizontal terrace land in spring and autumn every year to the farmyard land; namely, farmyard manure, bio-organic fertilizer and fertilizer made of straws generated by crop cultivation in the horizontal terraced fields are applied to the horizontal terraced fields once every time the horizontal terraced fields are cultivated.

The horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

chemical measures are as follows: detecting the pH value of the horizontal terrace soil by a stone test paper colorimetric method, firstly judging the pH value of the horizontal terrace soil according to the detected pH value, and then ploughing and applying 40kg of compound fertilizer for improving the pH value of the soil to the horizontal terrace soil every year according to the pH value of the soil;

physical measures are as follows: deeply ploughing the horizontal terrace for 1 time in spring every year, wherein the deep ploughing depth is more than 20cm each time, and adopting film mulching planting each time;

biological measures are as follows: applying farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace farmland in spring for 1000kg per mu each year, applying biological organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace farmland in spring for 300kg per mu each year, and returning the total amount of straws generated by the crops ploughed in the horizontal terrace to the farmland as fertilizer for 2 times in 3 years; namely, farmyard manure and bio-organic fertilizer are applied to the horizontal terraced fields once every time the horizontal terraced fields are ploughed.

The compound fertilizer can be a compound fertilizer containing trace elements for increasing trace elements for the horizontal terrace farmland, a compound fertilizer containing rare earth for increasing rare earth for the horizontal terrace farmland, a compound fertilizer containing microorganisms for increasing microorganisms for the horizontal terrace farmland, a compound fertilizer containing pesticides for killing pests for the horizontal terrace farmland or a compound fertilizer containing humic acid for increasing humic acid for the horizontal terrace farmland according to requirements.

Example two:

the invention discloses a method for improving the farmland soil quality of a horizontal terrace, which comprises the ploughing of the horizontal terrace, and the method for improving the ploughing of the horizontal terrace comprises the following steps: chemical, physical and biological measures;

in 1-2 years of horizontal terrace construction:

the chemical measures are as follows: detecting the pH value of the horizontal terrace soil by a stone test paper colorimetric method, firstly judging the pH value of the horizontal terrace soil according to the detected pH value, and then ploughing and applying 42kg of compound fertilizer for improving the pH value of the soil to the horizontal terrace soil every year according to the pH value of the soil;

physical measures are as follows: deep ploughing and turning over the horizontal terrace land for 4 times in spring, summer and autumn respectively every year, wherein the deep ploughing depth is more than 30cm each time, and film mulching planting is adopted for each time of planting;

biological measures are as follows: applying 3000kg of farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace cultivated land in spring, summer and autumn respectively every year, applying 300kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace cultivated land in spring and autumn respectively every year, and returning the total amount of straws generated by the crops cultivated in the horizontal terrace land in spring and autumn to the farmland as fertilizer; namely, farmyard manure, bio-organic fertilizer and fertilizer made of straws generated by crop cultivation in the horizontal terraced fields are applied to the horizontal terraced fields once every time the horizontal terraced fields are cultivated.

The horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

chemical measures are as follows: detecting the pH value of the horizontal terrace soil by a stone test paper colorimetric method, firstly judging the pH value of the horizontal terrace soil according to the detected pH value, and then ploughing 36kg of compound fertilizer for improving the pH value of the soil to the horizontal terrace soil every year according to the pH value of the soil;

physical measures are as follows: deep ploughing the horizontal terrace land for 1 time each year in spring and autumn, wherein the deep ploughing depth is more than 20cm each time, and mulching film planting is adopted for each planting;

biological measures are as follows: applying 900kg of farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace farmland in spring every year, applying 250kg of bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace farmland in spring every year, and returning the total amount of straws generated by the crops ploughed in the horizontal terrace to the farmland to be fertilized for 1 time in 2 years; namely, farmyard manure and bio-organic fertilizer are applied to the horizontal terraced fields once every time the horizontal terraced fields are ploughed.

The compound fertilizer can be a compound fertilizer containing trace elements for increasing trace elements for the horizontal terrace farmland, a compound fertilizer containing rare earth for increasing rare earth for the horizontal terrace farmland, a compound fertilizer containing microorganisms for increasing microorganisms for the horizontal terrace farmland, a compound fertilizer containing pesticides for killing pests for the horizontal terrace farmland or a compound fertilizer containing humic acid for increasing humic acid for the horizontal terrace farmland according to requirements.

Example three:

the invention discloses a method for improving the farmland soil quality of a horizontal terrace, which comprises the ploughing of the horizontal terrace, and the method for improving the ploughing of the horizontal terrace comprises the following steps: chemical, physical and biological measures;

in 1-2 years of horizontal terrace construction:

the chemical measures are as follows: detecting the pH value of the horizontal terrace soil by a stone test paper colorimetric method, firstly judging the pH value of the horizontal terrace soil according to the detected pH value, and then ploughing and applying 42kg of compound fertilizer for improving the pH value of the soil to the horizontal terrace soil every year according to the pH value of the soil;

physical measures are as follows: deep ploughing and turning over the horizontal terrace land for 1 time each year in spring, summer and autumn, wherein the deep ploughing depth is more than 30cm each time, and film mulching planting is adopted for each planting;

biological measures are as follows: applying farmyard manure to the horizontal terrace land in spring, summer and autumn respectively in total 2000kg per mu each year, applying bio-organic fertilizer to the horizontal terrace land in spring and autumn in total 150kg per mu each year, and respectively ploughing crops in spring and autumn in total straw amount to return to the farmland; namely, farmyard manure, bio-organic fertilizer and fertilizer made of straws generated by crop cultivation in the horizontal terraced fields are applied to the horizontal terraced fields once every time the horizontal terraced fields are cultivated.

The horizontal terrace is built within 3-5 years:

chemical measures are as follows: detecting the pH value of the horizontal terrace soil by a stone test paper colorimetric method, firstly judging the pH value of the horizontal terrace soil according to the detected pH value, and then ploughing and applying 40kg of compound fertilizer for improving the pH value of the soil to the horizontal terrace soil every year according to the pH value of the soil;

physical measures are as follows: deep ploughing the horizontal terrace land for 1 time each year in spring and autumn, wherein the deep ploughing depth is more than 20cm each time, and mulching film planting is adopted for each planting;

biological measures are as follows: 1100kg of farmyard manure is applied to the horizontal terrace farmland in spring every year, 350kg of bio-organic fertilizer is applied to the horizontal terrace farmland in spring every year, and the total amount of straws produced by the crops cultivated in the horizontal terrace farmland are fertilized for 1 time in 2 years; namely, farmyard manure and bio-organic fertilizer are applied to the horizontal terraced fields once every time the horizontal terraced fields are ploughed.

The compound fertilizer can be a compound fertilizer containing trace elements for increasing trace elements for the horizontal terrace farmland, a compound fertilizer containing rare earth for increasing rare earth for the horizontal terrace farmland, a compound fertilizer containing microorganisms for increasing microorganisms for the horizontal terrace farmland, a compound fertilizer containing pesticides for killing pests for the horizontal terrace farmland or a compound fertilizer containing humic acid for increasing humic acid for the horizontal terrace farmland according to requirements.

Other embodiments of the present application will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the application disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention following, in general, the principles of the application and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which the invention pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

It will be understood that the present application is not limited to what has been described above, and that various modifications and changes can be made without departing from the scope thereof. The above-described embodiments of the present application do not limit the scope of the present application.