阅读说明：本技术 香芹酚及其衍生物和类似物在消除或降低噻唑膦药害中的应用 (Application of carvacrol, derivatives and analogs thereof in eliminating or reducing thiazole phosphine phytotoxicity ) 是由 林柏荣 卓侃 刘倩 廖金铃 于 2020-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了香芹酚及其衍生物和类似物在消除或降低噻唑膦药害中的应用。本发明研究显示香芹酚与噻唑膦混用能消除/降低噻唑膦对植物生长的抑制作用,而且不会影响噻唑膦对植物有害生物的防治效果,同时对植物有害生物的抑制作用也得到加强,因此香芹酚与噻唑膦联用能用于开发新的防治植物有害生物(如植物线虫)的药剂,在有效防治植物虫害与病害的同时不会影响植物的生长。而且,香芹酚广泛存在于百里香、牛至、冬季香薄荷等香料植物中,作为一种植物源成分,对环境友好、安全。因此本发明方案对防治植物病害有重要的理论指导意义和实践应用价值。(The invention discloses application of carvacrol, derivatives and analogs thereof in eliminating or reducing thiazole phosphine phytotoxicity. The research of the invention shows that the mixed use of carvacrol and fosthiazate can eliminate/reduce the inhibition effect of the fosthiazate on the plant growth, and can not influence the control effect of the fosthiazate on plant pests, and simultaneously, the inhibition effect on the plant pests is enhanced, so that the combination of the carvacrol and the fosthiazate can be used for developing a new medicament for controlling the plant pests (such as plant nematodes), and can not influence the plant growth while effectively controlling the plant pests and diseases. Moreover, carvacrol is widely present in spice plants such as thyme, oregano, winter savory and the like, is used as a plant source component, and is environment-friendly and safe. Therefore, the scheme of the invention has important theoretical guiding significance and practical application value for preventing and treating plant diseases.)

1. Application of carvacrol, derivatives and analogues thereof in eliminating or reducing fosthiazate phytotoxicity.

2. The application of carvacrol, derivatives and analogs thereof in preparing preparations capable of eliminating or reducing fosthiazate phytotoxicity is provided.

3. The use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fosthiazate phytotoxicity is inhibition of plant growth by fosthiazate.

4. Use according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said carvacrol derivatives and analogues are selected from the following compounds:

5. the application of compounding the substance A and fosthiazate in the aspect of controlling plant pests is characterized in that the substance A is one or more of carvacrol, carvacrol derivatives and carvacrol analogs.

6. The application of compounding the substance A and fosthiazate in preparing the medicament for controlling plant pests is characterized in that the substance A is one or more of carvacrol, carvacrol derivatives and carvacrol analogues.

7. The use according to claim 1, 2, 5 or 6, wherein the mass ratio of carvacrol to fosthiazate is 1: (0.001 to 500).

8. The medicament for controlling plant diseases or plant pests is characterized by comprising a substance A and fosthiazate, wherein the substance A is one or more of carvacrol, carvacrol derivatives and carvacrol analogs.

9. The medicament according to claim 8, wherein the mass ratio of carvacrol to fosthiazate is 1: (0.001 to 500).

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture. More particularly, it relates to the use of carvacrol and derivatives and analogues thereof to eliminate or reduce fosthiazate hazards.

Background

The fosthiazate is taken as an organophosphorus pesticide, and the action mechanism of the fosthiazate is the action of inhibiting target biological acetylcholinesterase, so that the effect of preventing and treating pests such as root-knot nematodes and the like is achieved. Especially as a nematicide, has wide application. Plant parasitic nematodes are an important plant pathogenic organism. It is reported that crop economic value losses due to plant nematode damage exceed $ 1000 billion per year worldwide. The most damaging species of plant nematodes to crops are mainly root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), cyst nematodes (Heterodera spp.), cyst nematodes (Globodera spp.), Pratylenchus spp and pine nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). The root-knot nematodes are the most harmful and harmful, especially in agriculture. Most plant root-knot nematodes are parasitic in the underground part of plants, so that the harm is hidden, and the harm estimation of people to the nematodes is insufficient.

At present, plant nematode diseases are mainly controlled by chemical agents. However, the development of chemical agents for plant nematodes is still relatively lagged behind that of other chemical agents for diseases, insects and grasses, and the varieties are relatively few. Currently, the only nematicides mainly used in production are fosthiazate and avermectin. The fosthiazate is an organophosphorus nematicide with systemic property, has better control effect on plant nematodes parasitized in roots than avermectin (Sulanqian, 2016), and considers that fosthiazate has better control effect on mammals (mouse LD)₅₀: 91-104 mg/kg) and aquatic animals (carp LC)₅₀: 208mg/L) is less toxic than abamectin (mouse LD)₅₀: 13mg/kg, Cyprinus Carpio LC₅₀: 3.6mg/L), therefore, the influence of the fosthiazate on the environment and non-target organisms is less when the fosthiazate is used for preventing and controlling the plant nematodes, and the application potential is higher.

However, during the use process, the fosthiazate is found to have a remarkable inhibiting effect on the growth of plant roots (billows, 2009), which can seriously limit the popularization and application of the fosthiazate.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem that the existing fosthiazate has phytotoxicity to plants, particularly the problem of inhibiting the growth of plant roots, and provides a new scheme for eliminating or reducing the inhibiting effect of fosthiazate on the growth of plants.

The invention aims to provide application of carvacrol, derivatives and analogues thereof in eliminating or reducing thiazole phosphine phytotoxicity.

It is another object of the present invention to provide an agent consisting of fosthiazate and carvacrol for controlling plant pests.

The above purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the carvacrol solution is found to be capable of effectively eliminating/relieving the inhibition effect of the fosthiazate on plant growth, not affecting the control effect of the fosthiazate on plant nematodes, simultaneously strengthening the inhibition effect on the nematodes, and being capable of being used for developing a novel medicament for controlling plant pests (including plant insect pests or plant diseases, especially the plant nematodes) in cooperation with the fosthiazate, wherein the control is pest (such as plant nematodes) inhibition, including direct killing of pests and reduction of the harm of pests to plants.

Therefore, the application of carvacrol, derivatives and analogs thereof in eliminating or reducing the thiazole phosphine phytotoxicity and the application thereof in preparing a preparation capable of eliminating or reducing the thiazole phosphine phytotoxicity are within the protection scope of the invention.

Specifically, the thiazole phosphine phytotoxicity refers to the inhibition effect of the thiazole phosphine on the growth of plants. More particularly, the inhibition effect of fosthiazate on plant roots is shown.

The carvacrol derivatives and analogues may for example be selected from one of the following compounds:

the source of the carvacrol can be selected as follows: (1) artificially synthesizing; (2) natural sources such as thyme, oregano, winter savory and other aromatic plant volatile oils.

In addition, based on the above results, the application of the compound of the substance A and the fosthiazate in the aspect of controlling plant pests or plant diseases (such as plant nematodes), the application in the aspect of preparing medicaments for controlling plant pests or plant diseases (such as plant nematodes), and medicaments containing the substance A and the fosthiazate are also within the protection scope of the invention.

The substance A is one or more of carvacrol, carvacrol derivatives and carvacrol analogues.

The plant nematode is root-knot nematode.

In addition, preferably, in the scheme of the invention, for better controlling the drug effect, the mass ratio of carvacrol to fosthiazate can be controlled to be 1: (0.001-500).

More preferably, in consideration of the respective optimal dosage ranges of carvacrol and fosthiazate for root-knot nematodes, the mass ratio of carvacrol to fosthiazate in the scheme of the invention can be controlled to be 1: within the range of (0.001-50), the dosage of the two medicines can be saved.

More preferably, the mass ratio of carvacrol to fosthiazate can be controlled to be 1: (0.1-10).

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the first research shows that the combination of carvacrol and fosthiazate can eliminate/reduce the inhibition effect of fosthiazate on plant growth, does not influence the toxicity of fosthiazate on plant nematodes, and simultaneously enhances the inhibition effect on nematodes, so that the compound preparation can be used for developing new medicaments for preventing and treating plant pests or plant diseases, particularly for developing medicaments for preventing and treating plant pests or plant diseases compounded with fosthiazate, and does not influence plant growth while effectively preventing and treating plant diseases and pests.

Moreover, carvacrol is widely present in spice plants such as thyme, oregano, winter savory and the like, is used as a plant source component, and is environment-friendly and safe.

Therefore, the scheme of the invention has important theoretical guiding significance and practical application value for preventing and treating plant insect pests or plant diseases.

Drawings

Figure 1 shows that fosthiazate treatment can significantly reduce the damage of meloidogyne javanica on tomato roots compared to CK and carvacrol treatments.

FIG. 2 shows that the thiazole phosphine treated tomato plant roots are browned and grow poorly compared to CK and carvacrol treated plants.

Figure 3 shows that fosthiazate significantly reduces the root weight of plants compared to CK.

Figure 4 shows that fosthiazate significantly reduces the total weight of the plants compared to CK.

FIG. 5 shows that the combination of carvacrol and fosthiazate can improve the control effect of fosthiazate on Meloidogyne javanicus.

Figure 6 shows that the compounding of carvacrol and fosthiazate can eliminate/reduce the influence of fosthiazate on the plant root weight.

Figure 7 shows that carvacrol formulated with fosthiazate can eliminate/reduce the effect of fosthiazate on the total plant weight.

Fig. 8 is a picture of plants treated by combination of carvacrol and fosthiazate and treated by a single dose.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the drawings and the following detailed description, which are not intended to limit the invention in any way. Reagents, methods and apparatus used in the present invention are conventional in the art unless otherwise indicated.

Unless otherwise indicated, reagents and materials used in the following examples are commercially available.

Example 1

1. Materials such as experimental drugs

Preparing a carvacrol solution: carvacrol is purchased from sigma (carvacrol, cat # W224511-100G-K, CAS # 499-75-2), 250mg of carvacrol technical product is weighed by an electronic balance, 1000 muL of triton and 500 muL of ethanol are weighed, and the carvacrol solution with 3 percent of Tween-20 is used for dissolving to 10mL to obtain a carvacrol solution with the concentration of 25 mg/mL.

The 10% fosthiazate granules were purchased from the pharmaceutical factories of the plant protection institute of the Chinese academy of agricultural sciences.

Tomato seedlings are taken as an example in the experiment, and tomato varieties are hard powder No. 8, and are purchased from the national vegetable engineering technical research center.

2. Experimental methods

The experiments were divided into nine groups, specifically as follows:

(1) and (3) CK group: no medicament is added;

(2)2mg fosthiazate group: spreading the granules of 10% fosthiazate (the effective dose of fosthiazate is 2 mg/plant) in the soil around the roots of the plants according to the dose of 20 mg/plant;

(3)4mg fosthiazate group: spreading the granules of 10% fosthiazate (the effective dose of fosthiazate is 4 mg/plant) in the soil around the roots of the plants according to the dose of 40mg per plant;

(4)1mg carvacrol group: carvacrol is prepared into a 0.1mg/mL solution, and 10mL of the solution is applied to soil around the roots of each plant (the effective dose of carvacrol is 1 mg/plant);

(5)2.5mg carvacrol group: carvacrol is prepared into a 0.25mg/mL solution, and 10mL of the solution is applied to soil around the roots of each plant (the effective dose of carvacrol is 2.5 mg/plant);

(6) combination 1: uniformly mixing 20mg of 10% fosthiazate granules (the effective dose of the fosthiazate is 2 mg/plant) with 10mL0.25 mg/mL carvacrol solution (the effective dose of the carvacrol is 2.5 mg/plant), and applying the mixture to soil around the roots of the plants;

(7) the combination 2: uniformly mixing 40mg of 10% fosthiazate granules (the effective dose of the fosthiazate is 4 mg/plant) with 10mL0.25 mg/mL carvacrol solution (the effective dose of the carvacrol is 2.5 mg/plant), and applying the mixture to soil around the roots of the plants;

(8) combination 3: uniformly mixing 20mg of 10% fosthiazate granules (the effective dose of the fosthiazate is 2 mg/plant) and 10mL0.1 mg/mL carvacrol solution (the effective dose of the carvacrol is 1 mg/plant), and applying the mixture to soil around the roots of the plants;

(9) the combination of 4: mixing 40mg of 10% fosthiazate granules (the effective dose of fosthiazate is 4 mg/plant) with 10mL of 0.1mg/mL carvacrol solution (the effective dose of carvacrol is 1 mg/plant), and applying the mixture to soil around the roots of the plants.

And (3) after the tomato seedlings grow to the 4-leaf stage, carrying out medicament treatment, and inoculating the meloidogyne javanica to the roots of the tomatoes to be tested according to the concentration of 200J 2 in each seedling after the medicament treatment is carried out for 24 h. After the meloidogyne javanica is inoculated for 60 days, the whole tomato plant is pulled out, tap water is used for cleaning soil on the roots, filter paper is used for absorbing water on the roots and the plants, and then the number of the roots, the total weight of the plants, the root weight and the plant height are counted.

3. Results of the experiment

3.1 Effect of carvacrol and Thiazolophosphine on tomatoes

Data investigation was performed 60 days after inoculation of meloidogyne javanica. The results show that the fosthiazate treatment can significantly reduce the damage of meloidogyne javanica to tomato roots compared to CK, but the carvacrol treatment cannot inhibit the damage of meloidogyne javanica to tomato roots (fig. 1). At the same time, it was also found that the roots of the tomato plants treated with fosthiazate were browned and poorly grown (FIG. 2). Therefore, we also counted the effect of different agent treatments on tomato plant growth. The results showed that the root weight of tomato was 0.7 g/plant and 0.6 g/plant after 2 mg/plant and 4 mg/plant of fosthiazate treatment, the root weight of plants treated with 1 mg/plant and 2.5 mg/plant of carvacrol was 1.6 g/plant and 1.3 g/plant, respectively, and the root weight of plants not treated with the agent was 1.4 g/plant. Compared with CK, 2 mg/plant and 4 mg/plant of fosthiazate can obviously reduce the root weight (p < 0.01) (figure 3) of the plant and the total weight of the plant (figure 4), but 1 mg/plant and 2.5 mg/plant of carvacrol have no obvious effect on the root weight of tomato and the total weight of the plant (figure 3 and figure 4). This shows that although the use of fosthiazate can effectively reduce the harm of meloidogyne javanica to tomatoes, the growth of tomato root systems and plants can be obviously inhibited, and carvacrol has no obvious influence on the infection of meloidogyne javanica to tomatoes, and the root weight and the total weight of the tomatoes.

3.2 Effect of carvacrol and fosthiazate combination on tomatoes

The results show that the root knot number of the compound of 2mg of fosthiazate and 1mg of carvacrol is 3.75 on average, and the root knot number of the compound of 2mg of fosthiazate and 1mg of carvacrol is 8.8 after the compound is treated by using 2mg of fosthiazate alone. The average number of root knots compounded by 2mg of fosthiazate and 2.5mg of carvacrol is 2.5, and the level of p less than 0.01 is obviously different. The root knot numbers of 4mg of fosthiazate compounded with 1mg and 2.5mg of carvacrol were 2.1 and 0.1 respectively, while the root knot number of the single treatment with the fosthiazate at the concentration was 6.1, and the carvacrol at the two concentrations and the 4mg of fosthiazate were significantly different at the level of p < 0.01 (fig. 5). The results show that the compounding of carvacrol and fosthiazate can improve the control effect of fosthiazate on meloidogyne javanica.

Because the fosthiazate used alone can obviously inhibit the growth of tomato roots and plants, we also analyzed whether the combination of fosthiazate and carvacrol can also inhibit the growth of tomato roots and plants. The results show that the root weights of the plants treated by 2mg of fosthiazate and 1mg and 2mg of carvacrol compound agent are respectively 1.2 g/plant and 1.5 g/plant, while the root weight of the tomato plant treated by 2mg of fosthiazate alone is 0.7 g/plant, the root weight of CK is 1.4 g/plant, and the root weights of the compound treatment and the single agent of fosthiazate are both significantly different at the level of p < 0.01, but the root weights of the compound treatment and the CK are not significantly different at the level of p < 0.01. The root weights of the plants treated by 4mg of fosthiazate and 1mg and 2mg of carvacrol compounded agent are 1.3 g/plant and 1.7 g/plant respectively, while the root weight of the tomato plant treated by 4mg of fosthiazate alone is 0.6 g/plant, the root weight of CK is 1.4 g/plant, and the root weights of the compounded treatment and the single agent treatment are obviously different at the level of p < 0.01, but the root weights of the compounded treatment and the CK are not obviously different at the level of p < 0.01 (figure 6). The effect of the compounding treatment on the total plant weight is similar to the effect on the root weight, and the effect of the thiazole phosphine on the total plant weight can be reduced by adding 2mg or 4mg of carvacrol to the thiazole phosphine with different concentrations (figure 7). This shows that the combination of carvacrol with different concentrations and fosthiazate with different concentrations can improve the control effect of fosthiazate on meloidogyne javanica and can significantly reduce the inhibition effect of fosthiazate on tomato root system and plant growth (fig. 8).

Example 2

Based on the above results, we also examined the range of the amount ratio of carvacrol to fosthiazate.

The results show that the inhibition effect of the fosthiazate on plants can be obviously reduced by using the carvacrol in combination with the fosthiazate; the maximum ratio (carvacrol: fosthiazate ═ 1: 0.001) and the minimum ratio (carvacrol: fosthiazate ═ 1: 500) in our experiments both showed the above-mentioned effects.

It should be noted that the above data only represent the results directly verified by experiments in the present invention, and are not used to limit the ratio of carvacrol to fosthiazate, and those skilled in the art can reasonably predict that the ratio of carvacrol to fosthiazate exceeds that of carvacrol by combining the results of the present invention: fosthiazate ═ 1: (0.001-500) this ratio should also show the same or similar effect.

Example 3

The carvacrol in example 1 was replaced with the following five substances, respectively: (1) p-menthane-2-ol, (2) 2-methyl-4-isopropylphenol, (3) 4-methyl-2-isopropylphenol, (4) 3-methyl-4-isopropylphenol, and (5) 4-methyl-3-isopropylphenol.

Further experiments were carried out with reference to the method of example 1.

The results show that the five carvacrol analogs also have a relatively obvious reduction effect on the harmful inhibition effect of the fosthiazate on plants.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.