阅读说明：本技术 一种纳米流体微通道光伏光热一体化蒸发器/集热器 (Nano-fluid micro-channel photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated evaporator/heat collector ) 是由 张涛 陈思豪 于 2020-12-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种纳米流体微通道光伏光热一体化蒸发器/集热器,其主要由玻璃盖板、纳米流体及其流道、微通道、光伏电池、保温材料层、边框所组成。本发明将微通道与基于光谱分频的纳米流体-PV/T集热器结合；将微通道浸入纳米流体中,置于两块光伏电池正中间,可精简集热器的传热热阻及结构,并保证低遮挡。微通道与纳米流体流道尺寸匹配,传热速率高并具有较大的比表面积,无论自然循环还是强迫循环下都可保证流道内的换热效果。同时可根据应用需求,能同时作为集热器(微通道内为单相工质)及蒸发器(微通道内为两相工质)使用。(The invention discloses a nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector, which mainly comprises a glass cover plate, nanofluid and a flow channel thereof, a microchannel, a photovoltaic cell, a heat insulation material layer and a frame. The invention combines a micro-channel with a nanofluid-PV/T heat collector based on spectral frequency division; the micro-channel is immersed in the nano-fluid and placed in the middle of the two photovoltaic cells, so that the heat transfer resistance and the structure of the heat collector can be simplified, and low shielding is ensured. The micro-channel is matched with the nano-fluid flow channel in size, the heat transfer rate is high, the specific surface area is large, and the heat exchange effect in the flow channel can be ensured under natural circulation or forced circulation. Meanwhile, the heat collector can be used as a heat collector (a single-phase working medium is arranged in the micro-channel) and an evaporator (a two-phase working medium is arranged in the micro-channel) at the same time according to application requirements.)

1. The utility model provides a nanometer fluid microchannel photovoltaic light and heat integration evaporimeter/heat collector which characterized in that: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,

a cover plate (100), and;

a photovoltaic cell layer (200); the photovoltaic cell layer (200) is positioned at the bottom side of the cover plate (100), a nanofluid flow channel (300) is formed between the photovoltaic cell layer (200) and the cover plate (100), and nanofluid (301) is filled in the nanofluid flow channel (300);

a microchannel (302) disposed within the nanofluidic flow channel (300).

2. The nanofluidic microchannel photovoltaic photothermal integrated evaporator/collector of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of independent photovoltaic cells (201) are arranged in the photovoltaic cell layer (200), the photovoltaic cells (201) are uniformly distributed in the photovoltaic cell layer (200), and a light-transmitting gap (201a) is formed between every two adjacent photovoltaic cells (201).

3. The nanofluidic microchannel photovoltaic photothermal integrated evaporator/collector of claim 2, wherein: the micro-channel (302) is arranged right above the light-transmitting gap (201a), the diameter of the micro-channel (302) is not larger than the width of the light-transmitting gap (201a), the micro-channel (302) is not in direct contact with the cover plate (100), and the micro-channel (302) is not in direct contact with the photovoltaic cell layer (200).

4. The nanofluidic microchannel photovoltaic-photothermal integrated evaporator/collector of claim 3, wherein: the nanofluid (301) adopts ammonium tungsten bronze nanofluid with the mass fraction of 0.05%, and the microchannel (302) adopts an MC working medium pipeline.

5. The nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the ratio of the diameter of the microchannel (302) to the height of the nanofluidic flow channel (300) is less than 1: 9.

6. The nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/collector of claim 5, wherein: the cover plate (100) is a transparent glass cover plate.

7. The nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/collector of claim 6, wherein: the mirror image side of the contact side of the photovoltaic cell layer (200) and the nanofluid (301) is provided with a heat insulation material (303), and the periphery of the heat insulation material (303) is provided with a heat insulation layer frame (303a) for wrapping.

8. The nanofluidic microchannel photovoltaic photothermal integrated evaporator/collector of claim 7, wherein: the nanofluid flow channel (300) is provided with a flow channel frame (303b) for sealing, the flow channel frame (303b) is provided with the micro-channel (302) preformed hole, and the micro-channel (302) can pass through the micro-channel (302) preformed hole and is located in the nanofluid flow channel (300).

9. The nanofluidic microchannel photovoltaic photothermal integrated evaporator/collector of claim 8, wherein: a nanometer fluid circulation pipeline (304) is arranged at two sides perpendicular to the micro-channel (302), and a circulation pump (304a) and a nanometer fluid water tank (304b) are arranged on the nanometer circulation pipeline (304).

10. The nanofluidic microchannel photovoltaic-photothermal integrated evaporator/collector of claim 9, wherein: an electric power output port (305) is arranged on one side of the micro-channel (302) in a direction parallel to the micro-channel.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of solar photoelectric and photo-thermal comprehensive application, in particular to a nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic photo-thermal integrated evaporator/heat collector.

Background

The population has grown fourfold in the last century, the energy consumption has increased six times, and the global average temperature today is much higher than that of the past millennium. Energy shortage has become a problem facing the community of mankind. The problems of the non-renewable energy source, the global temperature rise, the reduction of fossil energy, the global warming caused by the increase of carbon dioxide emission and the like are very serious. By 2019, the emission of CO2 produced by burning fossil fuels globally is as high as 368 hundred million tons, which is higher than 365.7 million tons in 2018. And the traditional energy sources such as coal and petroleum are used more, and the combustion products contain NOx and SOx, thus causing damage to the environment. Energy and environmental problems are listed as two of ten difficulties for global mankind in fifty years in the future by united nations, and the utilization of solar energy is an important way to solve the energy and environmental problems.

How to effectively utilize solar energy and improve the utilization efficiency of the solar energy is always the focus of research. Solar energy is used as clean energy, and the utilization technology of the solar energy is mature. The solar photovoltaic and photo-thermal comprehensive utilization can simultaneously generate electric energy and heat energy, has higher comprehensive utilization efficiency compared with a pure solar photovoltaic power generation system and a solar heat collection system, and is a solar utilization mode with a great prospect.

The spectral utilization of solar radiation by a typical conventional PV/T collector using water as a carrier is integrated in a PV laminate module, wherein both the photovoltaic cell (primary) and the black back film (secondary) absorb the energy of the solar spectrum simultaneously. Conventional PV/T collectors have their own disadvantages in application: 1) the PV laminated module is the highest temperature component in the whole system, the photoelectric efficiency is lower than that of the conventional photovoltaic cell, and the heat loss of the system is large; 2) when solar radiation is reflected and refracted on the interface of two media with larger refractive index difference, the light loss is larger; 3) the additional arrangement of the black back film for enhancing photo-thermal absorption and the metal substrate of the welding flow channel makes the laminated structure of the PV module complex; 4) the metal substrate, the PV and the encapsulant have different thermal expansion coefficients, and stress imbalance caused by temperature variation can cause damage to the PV, reducing the lifetime of the PV/T collector.

The nano fluid is used as a spectrum frequency division medium and is combined with solar energy utilization, so that a novel photoelectric and photothermal comprehensive utilization combination mode is provided.

Patent CN110836542B discloses a nanofluid heat collector with spiral reinforced heat pipes, which comprises a phase change heat storage tank and a heat collection unit; the heat collection unit comprises one or more vacuum heat conduction pipes, the vacuum heat conduction pipes comprise closed heat pipes, one end of each heat pipe, which is sleeved with the heat collection layer, is a heat pipe evaporation end, and the other end of each heat pipe, which is inserted into the phase-change heat storage box, is a heat pipe condensation end; the heat pipe is internally provided with a spiral reinforced condenser and is internally filled with nano fluid as a heat conducting working medium. The device system adopts the spiral heating heat pipe, but simultaneously, the structure of the heat collector becomes complex, the thickness is not reduced or increased, and further the overall performance of the system is influenced due to small loss.

Patent CN106656027A discloses a nanofluid-based solar energy and electricity-heat combination device, wherein a PV/T heat collection plate, a heat exchange water tank, a first nanofluid tank, a first peristaltic pump, a first flow meter and a first thermocouple are connected in sequence through a first pipe to form a heat exchange cycle; the PV/T heat collection plate, the heat exchange water tank, the second nano fluid tank, the second peristaltic pump, the second thermocouple and the second flowmeter are sequentially connected through a second pipeline to form a secondary heat exchange cycle. The device adopts the air interlayer in the PV/T heat collecting plate to reduce the thermal resistance, but increases the light loss, thereby influencing the overall performance of the system.

Patent CN204285894U discloses a nanofluid heat absorption type photovoltaic-solar heat pump system, which combines a photovoltaic-solar heat pump assembly and a front heat absorption type nanofluid assembly; the photovoltaic-solar heat pump assembly comprises a direct-current compressor, a water storage tank, an air-cooled condenser, a throttle valve, an air-cooled evaporator and a PV evaporator; the front heat absorption type nanometer fluid assembly comprises a PV evaporator, a nanometer fluid storage water tank and a nanometer fluid circulating pump. According to the invention, the conventional copper pipe is welded at the rear of the photovoltaic cell module, so that the heat transfer resistance of the system is relatively high.

In summary, the conventional PV/T collector/evaporator and/or the PV/T collector/evaporator based on nanofluid spectral frequency division have the following disadvantages: (1) the nanofluid is used as a heat absorbing and transferring medium at the same time, and has the highest temperature, so that the heat loss of the nanofluid is large; the heat loss of the system heat collector is reduced by adopting a spiral reinforced heat pipe measure, so that the structure of the heat collector becomes complicated, the thickness of the heat collector is increased, and the overall performance is influenced. (2) The use of air interlayers within the PV/T collector panels reduces thermal resistance, but increases light loss, which in turn affects the overall performance of the system. (3) And the working medium is circularly welded at the rear part of the photovoltaic cell module, so that the heat transfer resistance of the system is relatively high.

Disclosure of Invention

This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of embodiments of the invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. In this section, as well as in the abstract and the title of the invention of this application, simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section, the abstract and the title, and such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

The invention is provided in view of the problems of the existing nano-fluid micro-channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector.

Therefore, the invention aims to provide a nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: comprises a cover plate and;

a photovoltaic cell layer; the photovoltaic cell layer is positioned on the bottom side of the cover plate, a nanofluid flow channel is formed between the photovoltaic cell layer and the cover plate, and nanofluid is filled in the nanofluid flow channel;

a microchannel disposed within the nanofluid flow channel.

As a preferred scheme of the nano-fluid micro-channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector, the invention comprises the following steps: the photovoltaic cell layer is internally provided with a plurality of independent photovoltaic cells, the photovoltaic cells are uniformly distributed in the photovoltaic cell layer, and a light transmission gap is formed between two adjacent photovoltaic cells.

As a preferred scheme of the nano-fluid micro-channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector, the invention comprises the following steps: the micro-channel is arranged right above the light-transmitting gap, the diameter of the micro-channel is not larger than the width of the light-transmitting gap, the micro-channel is not in direct contact with the cover plate, and the micro-channel is not in direct contact with the photovoltaic cell layer.

As a preferred scheme of the nano-fluid micro-channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector, the invention comprises the following steps: the nano fluid is ammonium tungsten bronze nano fluid with mass fraction of% and the micro-channel is MC working medium pipeline.

As a preferred scheme of the nano-fluid micro-channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector, the invention comprises the following steps: the ratio of the diameter of the micro-channel to the height of the nano-fluid flow channel is less than.

As a preferred scheme of the nano-fluid micro-channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector, the invention comprises the following steps: the cover plate is made of transparent glass.

As a preferred scheme of the nano-fluid micro-channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector, the invention comprises the following steps: the mirror image side of the photovoltaic cell layer and the nano fluid contact side is provided with a heat insulation material, and the periphery of the heat insulation material is provided with a heat insulation layer frame for wrapping.

As a preferred scheme of the nano-fluid micro-channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector, the invention comprises the following steps: the nanometer fluid flow channel is provided with a flow channel frame for sealing, the flow channel frame is provided with the micro-channel preformed hole, and the micro-channel can pass through the micro-channel preformed hole and is positioned in the nanometer fluid flow channel.

As a preferred scheme of the nano-fluid micro-channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector, the invention comprises the following steps: and a nanometer fluid circulation pipeline is arranged at two sides of the micro-channel in a vertical mode, and a circulation pump and a nanometer fluid water tank are arranged on the nanometer circulation pipeline.

As a preferred scheme of the nano-fluid micro-channel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector, the invention comprises the following steps: and an electric energy output port is arranged on one side of the micro-channel in a direction parallel to the micro-channel.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the micro-channel is directly immersed in the nanofluid and is arranged above the PV lamination, so that the structure and the heat transfer resistance of the NF-PV/T evaporator/heat collector can be simplified, and meanwhile, the micro-channel is small in size and can ensure low shielding.

2. The size of the micro-channel in the evaporator/heat collector is matched with the thickness of the nano-fluid flow channel, so that the heat exchange effect in the flow channel can be ensured.

3. The microchannel has larger specific surface area, high heat and mass transfer rate and high safety. The micro-channel has better heat exchange effect as a heat exchange structure, and a large amount of heat can be transferred in time to maintain proper working temperature.

4. The heat exchange between the nanofluid and the microchannel can adopt natural convection or forced convection, so that the flexibility is high, and the method is suitable for more application scenes.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise. Wherein:

fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a forced circulation type nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated evaporator/heat collector according to the nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic and photo-thermal integrated evaporator/heat collector of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

Furthermore, reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one implementation of the invention. The appearances of the phrase "in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

Furthermore, the present invention is described in detail with reference to the drawings, and in the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, the cross-sectional view illustrating the structure of the device is not enlarged partially according to the general scale for convenience of illustration, and the drawings are only exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. In addition, the three-dimensional dimensions of length, width and depth should be included in the actual fabrication.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, there is provided a schematic overall structure diagram of a nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector, which is shown in fig. 1(a), (b), and comprises a cover plate 100; a photovoltaic cell layer 200; the photovoltaic cell layer 200 is located at the bottom side of the cover plate 100, a nanofluid flow channel 300 is formed between the photovoltaic cell layer 200 and the cover plate 100, and nanofluid 301 is filled in the nanofluid flow channel 300; a microchannel 302 disposed within the nanofluidic flow channel 300.

Specifically, be provided with polylith independent photovoltaic cell 201 in the photovoltaic cell layer 200, photovoltaic cell 201 evenly arranges in photovoltaic cell layer 200, constitute printing opacity clearance 201a between two adjacent photovoltaic cell 201, and microchannel 302 sets up in nanometer fluid runner 300, by nanometer fluid 301 parcel, and directly over printing opacity clearance 201a is arranged in to microchannel 302, and the diameter of microchannel 302 is not more than printing opacity clearance 201 a's width, can furthest's assurance photovoltaic cell 201 not sheltered from like this, can retrench the heat transfer thermal resistance and the structure of heat collector, and guarantee to shield lowly, improve battery efficiency. A preferred embodiment of the cover plate 100 herein is made of transparent glass, so that it can be effectively ensured that sunlight can directly irradiate on the photovoltaic cell 201, and the working efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 201 is ensured. And a certain space is left between the micro-channel 302 and the cover plate 100 and between the micro-channel 302 and the photovoltaic cell layer 200, so that the working efficiency of the heat collector is optimized, and a preferred scheme is that the ratio of the diameter of the micro-channel 302 to the height of the nanofluid flow channel 300 is less than 1: 9; one preferred embodiment of microchannel 302 herein is to use an MC working fluid conduit.

Furthermore, a heat insulating material 303 is further arranged below the photovoltaic cell layer 200, and is wrapped and fixed by the heat insulating layer frame 303, and a flow channel frame 303b is arranged around the nanofluid flow channel 300 for sealing and fixing, and the microchannel 302 can pass through a microchannel reserved hole on the flow channel frame 303b, so that an effect of fixing the position of the microchannel 302 is achieved, wherein a preferable scheme of the nanofluid 303a is that 0.05% ammonium tungsten bronze nanofluid is adopted, when 0.05% ammonium tungsten bronze nanofluid is adopted, the thermoelectric ratio can reach 7.15, and when 0.01% ammonium tungsten bronze nanofluid and 0.02% ammonium tungsten bronze nanofluid are adopted, the thermoelectric ratio is 5.32 and 5.77 respectively; therefore, the adopted base liquid of the nano fluid is different, the electric heating ratio of the nano fluid is also different, the proper nano fluid type can be selected according to the actual requirement, the nano fluid type can be replaced, the nano fluid type in the water storage tank can be directly changed, and the system has strong flexibility.

The specific work flow is as follows: the process of solar radiation absorption in the NF-MC-PV/T evaporator/collector is as follows, as shown in fig. 1 (b): the solar radiation first reaches the surface of the glass cover plate 100, and most of the solar radiation penetrates through the glass cover plate 100 except for a small part of the solar radiation which is reflected and absorbed and dissipated by the cover plate; solar radiation penetrating through the glass cover plate 100 enters the nanofluid 301, and due to the spectral frequency division characteristics of the nanofluid 301, short-wave parts penetrate through the nanofluid 301 and are absorbed by the photovoltaic cell 201 to generate electric energy and a small amount of heat energy; the long-wave part is absorbed by the nano fluid 301 in the closed flow channel and is converted into the heat energy thereof, so that the temperature of the nano fluid 301 is increased; the nanofluid 301 close to the microchannel 302 is cooled by the microchannel 302 and has a reduced temperature, and a density difference is formed between the nanofluid 301 far away from the microchannel 302, thereby forming a natural circulation in a limited space. In the process, the micro-channel 302 has excellent heat exchange performance, and the reasonable structural design can ensure that the working temperature of the nanofluid 301 can be always in a proper range in the heat exchange process. So far, a part of the solar energy effectively absorbed is converted into electric energy to be output through the electric energy output port 305, and a part of the solar energy is absorbed by the heat transfer working medium in the micro-channel 302 to be converted into heat energy to be output.

Example 2

Referring to fig. 2, there is provided a forced circulation type nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector, the system structure of which is shown in fig. 2(a), (c), comprising a cover plate 100, and; a photovoltaic cell layer 200; the photovoltaic cell layer 200 is located at the bottom side of the cover plate 100, a nanofluid flow channel 300 is formed between the photovoltaic cell layer 200 and the cover plate 100, and nanofluid 301 is filled in the nanofluid flow channel 300; a microchannel 302 disposed within the nanofluidic flow channel 300.

Specifically, be provided with polylith independent photovoltaic cell 201 in the photovoltaic cell layer 200, photovoltaic cell 201 evenly arranges in photovoltaic cell layer 200, constitute printing opacity clearance 201a between two adjacent photovoltaic cell 201, and microchannel 302 sets up in nanometer fluid runner 300, by nanometer fluid 301 parcel, and directly over printing opacity clearance 201a is arranged in to microchannel 302, and the diameter of microchannel 302 is not more than printing opacity clearance 201 a's width, can furthest's assurance photovoltaic cell 201 not sheltered from like this, can retrench the heat transfer thermal resistance and the structure of heat collector, and guarantee to shield lowly, improve battery efficiency. A preferred embodiment of the cover plate 100 herein is made of transparent glass, so that it can be effectively ensured that sunlight can directly irradiate on the photovoltaic cell 201, and the working efficiency of the photovoltaic cell 201 is ensured. And a certain space is left between the micro-channel 302 and the cover plate 100 and between the micro-channel 302 and the photovoltaic cell layer 200, so that the working efficiency of the heat collector is optimized, and a preferred scheme is that the ratio of the diameter of the micro-channel 302 to the height of the nanofluid flow channel 300 is less than 1: 9; one preferred embodiment of microchannel 302 herein is to use an MC working fluid conduit.

Furthermore, a heat insulating material 303 is further arranged below the photovoltaic cell layer 200, and is wrapped and fixed by the heat insulating layer frame 303, and a flow channel frame 303b is arranged around the nanofluid flow channel 300 for sealing and fixing, and the microchannel 302 can pass through a microchannel reserved hole on the flow channel frame 303b, so that an effect of fixing the position of the microchannel 302 is achieved, wherein a preferable scheme of the nanofluid 303a is that 0.05% ammonium tungsten bronze nanofluid is adopted, when 0.05% ammonium tungsten bronze nanofluid is adopted, the thermoelectric ratio can reach 7.15, and when 0.01% ammonium tungsten bronze nanofluid and 0.02% ammonium tungsten bronze nanofluid are adopted, the thermoelectric ratio is 5.32 and 5.77 respectively; therefore, the adopted base liquid of the nano fluid is different, the electric heating ratio of the nano fluid is also different, the proper nano fluid type can be selected according to the actual requirement, the nano fluid type can be replaced, the nano fluid type in the water storage tank can be directly changed, and the system has strong flexibility.

Furthermore, a nano-fluid circulation pipeline 304 is disposed perpendicular to both sides of the micro-channel 302, a circulation pump 304a and a nano-fluid water tank 304b are disposed on the nano-fluid circulation pipeline 304, and an electric power outlet 305 is disposed on one side of the nano-fluid circulation pipeline in a direction parallel to the micro-channel 302.

Specifically, the forced circulation type nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector has a system structure as shown in fig. 2(a) and (c). The difference from example 1 is: the length direction of the nanofluid flow channel 300 in the NF-MC-PV/T evaporator/heat collector is not closed any more; the nanofluid 301 is forced to circulate in the flow channel, and a set of nanofluid circulation subsystem including a nanofluid circulation pipeline 304, a nanofluid water tank 304b and a circulation pump 304a is additionally provided, as shown in fig. 2 (b).

In the NF-MC-PV/T evaporator/heat collector, under the forced circulation mode, forced convection is formed between the nano fluid 301 and the micro channel 302; the nanofluid 301 with the increased temperature after absorbing the solar radiation is cooled by the micro-channel 302, enters the nanofluid water tank 304b through the nanofluid circulation pipeline 304, and returns to the NF-MC-PV/T evaporator/heat collector through the nanofluid circulation pipeline 304 through the circulation pump 304a to complete circulation.

The other part of the working process and the principle are consistent with the working process and the principle of the nanofluid microchannel photovoltaic and photothermal integrated evaporator/heat collector in the embodiment 1.

It is important to note that the construction and arrangement of the present application as shown in the various exemplary embodiments is illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, those skilled in the art who review this disclosure will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters (e.g., temperatures, pressures, etc.), mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.) without materially departing from the novel teachings and advantages of the subject matter recited in this application. For example, elements shown as integrally formed may be constructed of multiple parts or elements, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied, and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. In the claims, any means-plus-function clause is intended to cover the structures described herein as performing the recited function and not only structural equivalents but also equivalent structures. Other substitutions, modifications, changes and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present inventions. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to a particular embodiment, but extends to various modifications that nevertheless fall within the scope of the appended claims.

Moreover, in an effort to provide a concise description of the exemplary embodiments, all features of an actual implementation may not be described (i.e., those unrelated to the presently contemplated best mode of carrying out the invention, or those unrelated to enabling the invention).

It should be appreciated that in the development of any such actual implementation, as in any engineering or design project, numerous implementation-specific decisions may be made. Such a development effort might be complex and time consuming, but would nevertheless be a routine undertaking of design, fabrication, and manufacture for those of ordinary skill having the benefit of this disclosure, without undue experimentation.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and not for limiting, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should be covered by the claims of the present invention.