Glass composite material and production method and application thereof
阅读说明：本技术 一种玻璃复合材料及其生产方法和应用 (Glass composite material and production method and application thereof ) 是由 杨德宁 于 2020-12-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出一种玻璃复合材料,包括玻璃粉粒和填充粉粒；所述填充粉粒为陶瓷粉粒或天然矿物粉粒或金属粉粒,通过烧结使所述玻璃粉粒粘结、包裹所述陶瓷粉粒或所述天然矿物粉粒或所述金属粉粒,所述玻璃复合材料的软化温度＞850℃,所述填充粉粒的直径＜1mm,所述天然矿物粉粒和所述金属粉粒的融化温度＞950℃,所述陶瓷粉粒为天然或合成化合物经过成型和高温烧结制成的一类无机非金属材料的粉粒；本发明提出的玻璃复合材料同时具备在高温状态下拥有高强度性能、适应急冷急热的温度变化的性能、低热膨胀性能、低热导率1-5w/(m·K)、超高强度性能、高软化点(变形点)、高耐磨性能、高硬度性能的材料8项优点。(The invention provides a glass composite material, which comprises glass powder particles and filling powder particles; the filling powder particles are ceramic powder particles or natural mineral powder particles or metal powder particles, the glass powder particles are bonded and wrapped by the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles through sintering, the softening temperature of the glass composite material is higher than 850 ℃, the diameter of the filling powder particles is smaller than 1mm, the melting temperature of the natural mineral powder particles and the metal powder particles is higher than 950 ℃, and the ceramic powder particles are inorganic non-metal material powder particles prepared by molding and high-temperature sintering of natural or synthetic compounds; the glass composite material provided by the invention has 8 advantages of high strength performance in a high-temperature state, performance of adapting to temperature change of rapid cooling and rapid heating, low thermal expansion performance, low thermal conductivity of 1-5 w/(m.K), ultrahigh strength performance, high softening point (deformation point), high wear resistance and high hardness performance.)
1. A glass composite, characterized in that the glass composite comprises glass particles and filler particles; the filling powder particles are ceramic powder particles or natural mineral powder particles or metal powder particles, the glass powder particles are bonded and wrapped by the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles through sintering, the softening temperature of the glass composite material is higher than 850 ℃, the diameter of the filling powder particles is smaller than 1mm, the melting temperature of the natural mineral powder particles and the metal powder particles is higher than 950 ℃, and the ceramic powder particles are inorganic non-metal material powder particles prepared by molding and high-temperature sintering of natural or synthetic compounds; the content of the glass powder particles is 12-48% of alumina, 0-15% of magnesia, 30-82% of silicon oxide, 0-15% of calcium oxide and 0-15% of boron oxide in percentage by weight.
2. The glass composite according to claim 1, wherein the glass composite has a softening temperature > 1100 ℃.
3. The glass composite according to claim 2, wherein the content of the glass powder particles is 35 to 44% by weight, 5 to 15% by weight, 26 to 40% by weight, 6 to 15% by weight, and 3 to 6% by weight, of alumina, silica, and 3 to 6% by weight, respectively.
4. The glass composite according to claim 1, wherein the glass composite has a content of the filler particles of 20 to 92% and a content of the glass particles of 8 to 80% by weight.
5. The glass composite according to claim 1, wherein the filler powder particles have a diameter < 0.01 mm.
6. The glass composite of claim 1, wherein the ceramic particles are alumina ceramic particles or zirconia ceramic particles or silicon nitride ceramic particles or silicon carbide ceramic particles or magnesium aluminate spinel ceramic particles.
7. The glass composite according to claim 1, wherein the natural mineral powder particles are bauxite powder particles, quartzite powder particles, granite powder particles, silica sand powder particles, andalusite powder particles, kyanite powder particles or sillimanite powder particles.
8. The glass composite according to claim 1, wherein the metal powder particles are copper alloy powder particles or gray cast iron powder particles or alloy steel powder particles or tungsten alloy powder particles or chromium alloy powder particles.
9. A method for producing a glass composite according to claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
s1: uniformly mixing the glass powder particles and the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles to form mixed powder particles;
s2: adding an organic binding material into the mixed powder particles to form a mixture;
s3: putting the mixture into a forming mold, and vacuumizing the mixture in the forming mold;
s4: forming the mixture in the forming die into a blank by an isostatic pressing process or a tape casting process in a vacuum state;
s5: and sintering and molding the blank, volatilizing the organic binding material at high temperature, and finally forming the glass composite material.
10. A method for producing a glass composite according to claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
a1: uniformly mixing the glass powder particles and the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles to form mixed powder particles;
a2: heating the mixed powder particles to soften the glass powder particles to form a molten mixture;
a3: and forming the molten mixture by adopting a rolling process, a hot-rolling process or a casting process to finally form the glass composite material.
11. A method of spraying the glass composite material according to claims 1-8 onto a workpiece surface, comprising the steps of:
b1: uniformly mixing the glass powder particles and the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles to form mixed powder particles;
b2: heating the mixed powder particles to soften the glass powder particles to form a molten mixture;
b3: and (3) through a high-temperature spraying process, enabling the molten mixture to pass through high-speed steam flow, atomizing the molten mixture, and then spraying the atomized molten mixture onto the surface of a workpiece, so as to finally form the glass composite material on the surface of the workpiece.
12. A cylinder liner for a vehicle engine, characterized by comprising the glass composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
13. The cylinder liner for a vehicle engine according to claim 12, characterized in that the cylinder liner for a vehicle engine is made of the glass composite material.
14. A cylinder liner for a marine engine, characterized in that it comprises a glass composite material according to any one of claims 1-8.
15. The marine engine cylinder liner according to claim 14, characterized in that the marine engine cylinder liner is made of the glass composite material.
16. A piston aircraft engine of the thermomechanical type, characterized in that it comprises an engine cylinder liner comprising the glass composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
17. The heat-engine-type, piston-type aircraft engine according to claim 16, characterized in that said engine cylinder liner is made of said glass composite material.
18. A turbine engine of the thermomechanical type, characterized in that it comprises a glass composite according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
19. A turbine engine of the thermomechanical type, according to claim 18, characterized in that the surface of the casing of the combustion chamber and of the turbine of the thermomechanical type is covered with a layer of said glass composite material.
20. A steam turbine, characterized in that the steam turbine comprises a glass composite according to any of claims 1-8.
21. The steam turbine according to claim 20, wherein the steam turbine has a steam chamber wall and/or a cylinder layer surface and/or a steam nozzle surface and/or a steel disc surface and/or a blade surface and/or a block surface and/or a steam duct surface covered with a layer of the glass composite.
22. An electrical generator, characterized in that the electrical generator comprises a glass composite according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
23. An electrical generator according to claim 22, characterized in that the surface of the cylinder liner of the piston engine and/or the housing of the turbocharger system component of the electrical generator is covered with a layer of the glass composite material.
24. A glass engine block of the thermomechanical type, characterized in that it comprises a cylinder liner comprising a glass composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
25. The heat-engine-type glass engine block as defined in claim 24, wherein the cylinder liner is made of the glass composite material.
26. An engine block of the thermomechanical type, characterized in that it comprises a glass composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
27. A heat engine type engine block as claimed in claim 26, wherein the heat engine type engine block is made of the glass composite material.
28. An engine of the thermomechanical type, characterized in that it comprises a glass composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
29. The heat-engine as set forth in claim 28, wherein a surface of a housing of a turbocharger system component of the heat-engine is covered with a layer of the glass composite material.
30. The heat-engine according to claim 28, characterized in that the cylinder head and/or the piston pin and/or the connecting rod and/or the inlet and/or exhaust valve of the heat-engine are made of the glass composite material.
31. The heat engine as set forth in claim 28, wherein the cylinder liner of the heat engine includes an inner layer and an outer layer, the outer layer being formed of the glass composite material, the outer layer being disposed about and in fixed connection with the inner layer, the inner layer being formed of a ceramic material.
32. A foamed glass material, characterized in that it comprises a glass composite according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
33. A composite material comprising fibers, wherein the composite material comprising fibers comprises the glass composite material of any one of claims 1-8.
34. A tubular material, characterized in that it comprises a glass composite according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
35. A flat sheet material, characterized in that it comprises a glass composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of new materials, in particular to a glass composite material.
Background
1. The existing glass material, ceramic material, natural mineral material, metal material and microcrystalline glass material (glass ceramic material) can not simultaneously have the following properties:
the material has high strength performance at high temperature; adapt to the performance of temperature change of rapid cooling and rapid heating; low thermal expansion performance; fourthly, the low thermal conductivity is 1 to 5 w/(m.K), namely the heat insulation performance; ultra-high strength; high softening point (deformation point); high wear resistance; high hardness property.
The disadvantages of glass materials, ceramic materials, natural mineral materials, metal materials and microcrystalline glass materials are as follows:
glass material: firstly, in the production process of glass, in particular in the forming process after melting, homogenizing and clarifying above 1500 ℃, a small amount of alumina crystals or zirconia crystals or silicon oxide crystals are melted due to high temperature, so that the glass loses the properties of high hardness and high wear resistance of each crystal, and finally, the glass material has low hardness, poor wear resistance and low softening point (lower than 850 ℃); secondly, the glass ceramic product with the content of 20-90 percent of alumina crystal or zirconia crystal or silicon carbide crystal and the performance of high hardness and high wear resistance can not be produced by the forming process after melting, homogenizing and clarifying at the temperature of more than 1500 ℃, and the glass composite material with the content of 20-90 percent of glass ceramic product of alumina crystal or zirconia crystal or silicon carbide crystal and the performance of high hardness and high wear resistance can not be produced.
Ceramic material: the ceramic material has high thermal conductivity which reaches 25-80 w/(m.K) and poor heat insulation performance.
Metal material: the thermal expansion rate of the metal material at 350-450 ℃ is more than 10 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C), and when the temperature is higher than 350-450 ℃, the thermal expansion is multiplied, so that the metal material can only bear instantaneous high temperature, and can not bear higher temperature for a long time, and the higher temperature can cause large deformation of the metal material.
Natural mineral materials: the natural mineral material has low wear resistance, more cracks in the agglomerated ore and poor strength, and only when the agglomerated ore is crushed into particles (small particles), the particles have no cracks and have the inherent strength of the natural mineral material.
Microcrystalline glass material: the microcrystalline glass is subjected to crystallization heat treatment under a certain temperature system, a large number of tiny crystals are uniformly precipitated in the glass, a compact multiphase complex of a microcrystalline phase and a glass phase is formed, the crystals in the microcrystalline glass are pure crystals, and the microcrystalline glass material has the following defects: the alumina content in the glass phase of the glass-ceramic is very low, so the strength of the glass-ceramic material is very poor, and crystals with high abrasion resistance and containing alumina, such as the total crystals of mullite and magnesia-alumina spinel, can not grow in the glass phase; fine grains generated by nucleation and crystal growth, such as wollastonite, lithionite, mullite, gehlenite, nepheline and the like, have low hardness and low wear resistance, so that the microcrystalline glass material has low hardness and low wear resistance; the microcrystalline glass production process cannot exist (form) inorganic non-metallic materials which are prepared by forming and sintering natural or synthetic compounds at high temperature and comprise ceramic crystal nuclei such as silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide or zirconium oxide and the like in the glass, so that silicon nitride ceramic crystals or aluminum oxide ceramic crystals or silicon oxide ceramic crystals or zirconium oxide ceramic crystals cannot be generated in the microcrystalline glass production process, and the proportion of the ceramic crystals such as silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide or zirconium oxide and the like cannot be controlled according to application scenes; the microcrystalline glass material does not have the hardness and the wear resistance of silicon nitride or aluminum oxide or zirconium oxide or silicon carbide; the microcrystalline glass material does not have the property that ceramics such as silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, silicon carbide or zirconium oxide and the like can work for a long time under the condition of high working temperature; the existing production process of the microcrystalline glass material has low production efficiency and high energy consumption, can only produce products with flat plate shapes, and can not produce products with extremely complex shapes, such as: a cylinder liner and a cylinder block of an engine.
In summary, there is a need for a material that has high strength at high temperature, ability to adapt to rapid cooling and rapid heating, low thermal expansion, low thermal conductivity of 1-5w/(m · K), ultra-high strength, high softening point (deformation point), high wear resistance, and high hardness, and the production process of the material can produce products with very complex shapes.
2. Ceramic materials have the advantages of high hardness, high wear resistance and long-term operation at high temperatures, and it is also conceivable to replace metal materials with ceramic materials, such as: in europe, japan and the usa, where automobiles with ceramic engine blocks were studied and produced, in 1990, the first non-water-cooled silicon nitride ceramic engine in the shanghai was introduced, and the gas inlet temperature reached 1200 ℃. The fuel consumption efficiency is 213.56 g/km.h, which is far lower than 380 g/km.h of the current 1.5L direct injection engine, and is reduced by 80 percent, namely, the heat energy utilization rate is increased by 32 percent compared with 38 percent of the traditional metal 1.5L direct injection engine, and the heat energy utilization rate of the ceramic engine reaches 70 percent. But the fundamental problems of ceramic engine blocks are: functional ceramic materials cannot be produced at all by casting processes of (molten) cast iron or die casting processes of aluminium alloys. The functional ceramic material cannot be used for producing products with special shapes and complex shapes, including engine cylinder bodies. The forming temperature of the functional ceramic material is about 1700 ℃, in the high-temperature forming process, the ceramic powder of each position of the special-shaped and complex-shaped product can not be equally stressed in the isostatic pressing process of the special-shaped and complex-shaped product, so that the product with uneven density is greatly deformed, for example: the production of dozens of engine cylinder bodies by using the functional ceramic material is not easy to succeed; the industrial large-scale and standardized production of products with special shapes and complex shapes cannot be realized at all.
3. In the technical field of vehicle and ship engines at the leading edge of world science and technology, in particular to the technical field of engine cylinder blocks and cylinder sleeves, the engine cylinder blocks and the cylinder sleeves are both made of metal materials.
The performance defects of the high-strength alloy steel metal material or the cast iron material are as follows: firstly, the thermal expansion rate at the temperature of 350-450 ℃ is more than 10 (multiplied by 10 < -6 >/DEG C), and when the temperature is higher than 350-450 ℃, the thermal expansion can rise by times, so that the engine can only bear the instant high temperature, and cannot bear the high temperature of 800-1100 ℃ for a long time, otherwise, the cylinder sleeve can generate large deformation to damage the engine; secondly, the traditional engine cylinder block and cylinder sleeve must be lower than 350-450 ℃ of the cast iron limit deformation point, a high-speed cooling liquid circulating system must be adopted to keep the working temperature of the engine cylinder block and cylinder sleeve to be lower than 100-250 ℃, and the heat waste is caused because the heat conductivity of the metal material reaches more than 40-120 w/(m.K), so the heat utilization rate can only be 30-40%; high-strength alloy steel metal materials or cast iron materials are poor in hardness and wear resistance, and are also inferior to ceramic materials in corrosion resistance, chemical resistance and cold and hot temperature difference change resistance.
4. The existing piston type aircraft engines of the heat engine need four stages of air inlet, pressurization, combustion and exhaust, the cylinder materials of the piston type aircraft engines of the heat engine all adopt metal materials, the cylinder limit deformation point of the metal materials at the present top is 350 ℃ of aluminum alloy, and 450 ℃ of cast iron; therefore, the working temperature of the cylinder and the engine body must be reduced to between 100 ℃ and 250 ℃ by using cooling liquid or air cooling technology, and the thermal conductivity of the metal material reaches more than 40-120 w/(m.K). Although the heat energy of the exhaust gas is lost, the heat energy is mainly conducted and dissipated through the metal cylinder wall of the engine, so that the heat energy utilization rate of the piston type aircraft engine of a heat engine is only 35%, the waste is too large, the fuel cannot be fully combusted, and the environment is influenced by a large amount of harmful gas.
5. The prior heat engine turbine engine is the same as the heat engine piston type aircraft engine in terms of generating output energy in principle, and all needs four stages of air inlet, pressurization, combustion and exhaust, but the four stages are sequentially carried out in a time-sharing mode in the heat engine piston type aircraft engine, but are continuously carried out in the heat engine piston type aircraft engine, and the gas sequentially flows through each part of the turbine engine and corresponds to four working positions of the piston type engine. There are two heat losses to the engine: firstly, great heat energy is lost in exhaust; secondly, heat energy is conducted and dissipated through the wall of the combustion chamber of the engine and the wall of the turbine, and huge heat energy is also dissipated; resulting in a heat energy utilization rate of only about 50% for the engine. If the heat energy can be prevented or reduced from being conducted and dissipated through the wall of the combustion chamber and the wall of the turbine of the engine, the heat energy utilization rate of the engine can be greatly improved.
6. In the power process system of thermal power, nuclear power and huge ships adopting the steam turbine technology, the heat energy utilization rate is about 30 percent, wherein the largest heat loss is the heat loss of steam, if the heat loss of the steam is small, the heat energy utilization rate is greatly improved, and the heat loss of the steam mainly has two aspects:
the heat conductivity of the metal cylinder shell, the metal steam chamber wall and the metal steam conveying pipeline of the steam turbine reaches 60-120 w/(m.K), and the heat conductivity is the most main interface for generating and radiating steam at 400-500 ℃, which is one of the main factors of heat energy loss of the steam turbine.
The heat conductivity of the steel disc of the steam turbine and the arc-shaped metal blades on the outer edges of all the stages reaches 60-120 w/(m.K), and the steel disc and the arc-shaped metal blades are the most main interfaces for generating heat dissipation by steam at 400-; this is also one of the main factors of the heat energy loss of the turbine.
If the heat loss of the steam can be prevented or reduced, the heat energy utilization rate of the steam turbine can be greatly improved.
7. The traditional wood flat plate material, ceramic flat plate material, glass flat plate material, stone flat plate material and the like, especially the plate with an ultra-large area, have the defects of low production efficiency, high cost, poor strength, poor wear resistance and poor flatness.
8. The traditional heat insulation materials comprise aerogel heat insulation materials, ceramic foaming heat insulation materials and glass foaming heat insulation materials; most of the current aerogel thermal insulation materials are composite materials formed by combining aerogel and reinforcing fibers, and the defects of the materials are as follows: poor strength, very brittle and fragile; the defects of the ceramic foaming thermal insulation material are as follows: poor strength, very brittle and fragile; the defects of the glass foaming thermal insulation material are as follows: very weak, brittle and fragile.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a glass composite material.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a glass composite material, which comprises glass powder particles and filling powder particles; the filling powder particles are ceramic powder particles or natural mineral powder particles or metal powder particles, the glass powder particles are bonded and wrapped by the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles through sintering, the softening temperature of the glass composite material is higher than 850 ℃, the diameter of the filling powder particles is smaller than 1mm, the melting temperature of the natural mineral powder particles and the metal powder particles is higher than 950 ℃, and the ceramic powder particles are inorganic non-metal material powder particles prepared by molding and high-temperature sintering of natural or synthetic compounds; the content of the glass powder particles is 12-48% of alumina, 0-15% of magnesia, 30-82% of silicon oxide, 0-15% of calcium oxide and 0-15% of boron oxide in percentage by weight.
Further, the softening temperature of the glass composite material is more than 1100 ℃.
Furthermore, the content of alumina, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, calcium oxide and boron oxide in the glass powder particles is 35-44%, 5-15%, 26-40%, 6-15% and 3-6% in percentage by weight.
Furthermore, the glass composite material comprises, by weight percent, 20-92% of the filler particles and 8-80% of the glass particles.
Furthermore, the diameter of the filling powder particle is less than 0.01 mm.
Furthermore, the ceramic powder particles are alumina ceramic powder particles, zirconia ceramic powder particles, silicon nitride ceramic powder particles, silicon carbide ceramic powder particles or magnesium aluminate spinel ceramic powder particles.
Furthermore, the natural mineral powder particles are bauxite powder particles, quartzite powder particles, granite powder particles, silica sand powder particles, andalusite powder particles, kyanite powder particles or sillimanite powder particles.
Furthermore, the metal powder particles are copper alloy powder particles, gray cast iron powder particles, alloy steel powder particles, tungsten alloy powder particles or chromium alloy powder particles.
A method of producing the glass composite material, comprising the steps of:
s1: uniformly mixing the glass powder particles and the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles to form mixed powder particles;
s2: adding an organic binding material into the mixed powder particles to form a mixture;
s3: putting the mixture into a forming mold, and vacuumizing the mixture in the forming mold;
s4: forming the mixture in the forming die into a blank by an isostatic pressing process or a tape casting process in a vacuum state;
s5: and sintering and molding the blank, volatilizing the organic binding material at high temperature, and finally forming the glass composite material.
A method of producing the glass composite material, comprising the steps of:
a1: uniformly mixing the glass powder particles and the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles to form mixed powder particles;
a2: heating the mixed powder particles to soften the glass powder particles to form a molten mixture;
a3: and forming the molten mixture by adopting a rolling process, a hot-rolling process or a casting process to finally form the glass composite material.
A method of spraying the glass composite material onto a workpiece surface, comprising the steps of:
b1: uniformly mixing the glass powder particles and the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles to form mixed powder particles;
b2: heating the mixed powder particles to soften the glass powder particles to form a molten mixture;
b3: and (3) through a high-temperature spraying process, enabling the molten mixture to pass through high-speed steam flow, atomizing the molten mixture, and then spraying the atomized molten mixture onto the surface of a workpiece, so as to finally form the glass composite material on the surface of the workpiece.
A cylinder liner for a vehicle engine comprising the glass composite.
Further, the cylinder liner of the vehicle engine is made of the glass composite material.
A cylinder liner for a marine engine, the cylinder liner for a marine engine comprising the glass composite.
Further, the cylinder liner of the marine engine is made of the glass composite material.
A piston aircraft engine of the thermomechanical type comprising an engine cylinder liner comprising said glass composite material.
Further, the engine cylinder liner is made of the glass composite material.
A turbine engine of the thermomechanical type comprising said glass composite.
Further, the surfaces of the combustion chamber and the outer casing of the turbine of the heat engine type are covered with a layer of the glass composite material.
A steam turbine comprising the glass composite.
Further, the glass composite material is covered on the steam chamber wall and/or the cylinder layer surface layer and/or the steam nozzle surface layer and/or the steel disc surface layer and/or the blade surface layer and/or the cylinder body surface layer and/or the steam conveying pipeline surface layer of the steam turbine.
An electrical generator comprising the glass composite.
Further, the surface of the cylinder liner of the piston engine and/or the housing of the turbocharger system component of the generator is covered with a layer of the glass composite material.
A glass engine block of the thermomechanical type comprising a cylinder liner, said cylinder liner comprising said glass composite.
Further, the cylinder liner is made of the glass composite material.
An engine block of the thermomechanical type comprising said glass composite.
Further, the engine block of the heat engine is made of the glass composite material.
An engine of the thermomechanical type comprising said glass composite.
Further, the surface of the housing of the turbocharger system component of the heat engine type engine is covered with a layer of the glass composite material.
Further, the cylinder head and/or the piston pin and/or the connecting rod and/or the inlet valve and/or the exhaust valve of the heat engine type engine are made of the glass composite material.
Further, the cylinder liner of the engine of the heat engine comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the outer layer is made of the glass composite material, the outer layer is sleeved on the periphery of the inner layer and fixedly connected with the inner layer, and the inner layer is made of a ceramic material.
A foamed glass material comprising the glass composite.
A fiber-containing composite comprising the glass composite.
A tubular material comprising the glass composite.
A flat sheet material comprising the glass composite.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the glass composite material provided by the invention has 8 advantages of high strength performance in a high-temperature state, performance of adapting to temperature change of rapid cooling and rapid heating, low thermal expansion performance, low thermal conductivity of 1-5 w/(m.K), ultrahigh strength performance, high softening point (deformation point), high wear resistance and high hardness performance.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly and completely illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described below.
The invention provides a glass composite material, which comprises glass powder particles and filling powder particles; the filling powder particles are ceramic powder particles or natural mineral powder particles or metal powder particles, the glass powder particles are bonded and wrapped by the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles through sintering, the softening temperature of the glass composite material is higher than 850 ℃, the diameter of the filling powder particles is smaller than 1mm, the melting temperature of the natural mineral powder particles and the metal powder particles is higher than 950 ℃, and the ceramic powder particles are inorganic non-metal material powder particles prepared by molding and high-temperature sintering of natural or synthetic compounds; the content of the glass powder particles is 12-48% of alumina, 0-15% of magnesia, 30-82% of silicon oxide, 0-15% of calcium oxide and 0-15% of boron oxide in percentage by weight.
In the present embodiment, the diameter of the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles is less than 1mm, so that the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles can maintain the inherent mechanical properties of the material; the structure of the glass composite material is that the glass powder particles are bonded and wrapped with the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles, so that the softening point temperature of the glass composite material is greater than or equal to that of the glass powder particles; glass materials with different softening points can be selected to be made into the glass powder particles according to actual use requirements, so that the glass composite material can meet different use requirements; and softening the glass powder particles by heating, so that the glass powder particles are bonded and coated with the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles to form the glass composite material.
In the present embodiment, the glass composite material is made by bonding and wrapping the ceramic powder particles with the glass powder particles, the glass composite material has the advantages of glass materials, ceramic materials, natural mineral materials, metal materials and microcrystalline glass materials, namely, the material has 8 advantages of high strength performance, capability of adapting to temperature change of rapid cooling and rapid heating, low thermal expansion performance, low thermal conductivity of 1-5 w/(m.K), ultrahigh strength performance, high softening point (deformation point), high wear resistance and high hardness performance at high temperature, the glass composite material is particularly suitable for being applied to the fields of various engines (cylinder sleeves, cylinder blocks and other components of the engines) of heat engines, foaming heat insulation materials, thermal spraying heat insulation materials, round pipe heat insulation materials and plate heat insulation materials.
In the present embodiment, the content of the glass powder particles is 12-48% by weight, the content of the magnesium oxide is 0-15% by weight, the content of the silicon oxide is 30-82% by weight, the content of the calcium oxide is 0-15% by weight, the content of the boron oxide is 0-15% by weight, the softening point of the glass powder particles is more than 850 ℃, and the softening point of the glass powder particles is preferably between 900 ℃ and 1350 ℃.
In the present embodiment, the content of alumina, the content of magnesia, the content of silica, the content of calcia and the content of boria in the glass powder particles are, in percentage by weight, 17%, 6.3%, 66%, 8.6% and 2.1%, respectively; with this composition, the softening point of the glass powder particles is 860 ℃, the strength of the glass powder particles is 170MPa, the thermal conductivity of the glass powder particles is 1 w/(m.K), and the thermal expansion rate of the glass powder particles from 0-40 ℃ (normal temperature) to 860 ℃ is between 4 (x 10-6/° C) and 9.5 (x 10-6/° C), that is, the deformation of the glass powder particles from 0-40 ℃ to 910 ℃ is between 4 parts per million and 9.5 parts per million.
In this embodiment, the glass composite structure is such that the glass powder particles bond with and encapsulate the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles, and not simply combining different materials has the advantages of two materials, and the glass composite also has new properties, such as: the thermal conductivity of the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles reaches 20-200 w/(m.K), the content of the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles in the glass composite material is 80%, but the thermal conductivity of the glass composite material is not: 20-200w/(m · K) x 80% ═ 16-160w/(m · K), while the thermal conductivity of the glass composite is only 1-5w/(m · K), leading to entirely new properties; the glass composite material forms a structure that the glass powder particles are bonded and wrapped with the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles, and heat energy firstly enters a glass material layer formed by the glass powder particles, then enters the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles, and finally enters the glass material layer formed by the glass powder particles, so that the heat conductivity of the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles reaches 20-200 w/(m.K), and the heat energy can be blocked by the glass material layer formed by the glass powder particles and having the heat conductivity of 1 w/(m.K).
In this embodiment, the glass composite structure is such that the glass powder particles bond and wrap the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles, and not simply combining different materials to have the advantages of two materials, the glass composite also has new properties, the thermal expansion rate of the glass composite material from 0-40 ℃ to 900-, high deformation is generated, and the glass composite material has more excellent material properties of rapid cooling and rapid heating change resistance compared with the aluminum alloy or cast iron metal material of the traditional engine.
In the present embodiment, when the glass composite material is subjected to a strong external force to generate crack lines, because of the structure of the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles wrapped by the glass powder particles, cracks are stopped and stopped among thousands of ceramic powder particles or natural mineral powder particles or metal powder particles, and the strength of tearing a glass material layer formed by sintering, softening and bonding the glass powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles by wrapping needs to be achieved for crack propagation, the structure of the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles wrapped by the glass powder particles is many times higher than the fracture strength of the single glass material, the fracture strength of the glass material alone is several times lower than that of the glass composite material because the cracks are not cracked in the glass in an unhindered way; even if the glass composite material is manufactured by using ceramic powder particles or natural mineral powder particles or metal powder particles with poor fracture resistance, cracks are stopped due to continuous obstruction among thousands of ceramic powder particles or natural mineral powder particles, the glass composite material has much higher advantage in fracture resistance, so the glass composite material is particularly suitable for being used in: the application field of cylinder bodies and/or cylinder sleeves of various engines of heat engines; the application field of engine accessories; ③ the application field of the foaming heat insulation material; fourthly, in the application field of thermal spraying heat insulation materials; the application field of circular pipe type heat insulating materials; sixthly, the application field of the flat-plate heat insulation material.
In the present embodiment, the content of alumina in the glass powder particles is 54% and the content of magnesia in the glass powder particles is 5% by weight percentage; the content of silicon oxide is 30%; the content of calcium oxide is 7 percent; 4% of boron oxide; with this composition, the softening point of the glass powder particles is 1350 ℃, the strength of the glass powder particles is 380MPa, the thermal conductivity of the glass powder particles is 1 w/(m.K), and the thermal expansion rate of the glass powder particles from 0-40 ℃ (normal temperature) to 1350 ℃ is between 3.8 (x 10-6/° C) and 9.5 (x 10-6/° C), that is, the deformation of the glass powder particles from 0-40 ℃ to 1350 ℃ is between 3.8 parts per million and 9.5 parts per million.
In the embodiment, the softening temperature of the glass composite material is tested by a rod jacking method of a German speed-resistant instrument, and the test conditions are as follows: the temperature rise speed is 5 ℃/min.
Example 1
The glass composite material comprises 70% of metal powder particles and 30% of glass powder particles in percentage by weight; the metal powder particles are alloy steel powder particles, and the diameter of the alloy steel powder particles is less than 0.01 mm; the content of alumina in the glass powder particles is 17 percent and the content of magnesia in the glass powder particles is 6.3 percent according to weight percentage; the content of silicon oxide was 66%; the content of calcium oxide is 8.6 percent; and 2.1% of boron oxide.
In the embodiment, the melting temperature of the alloy steel powder particles is 1400 ℃; the softening point of the glass composite material is 860 ℃, the strength of the glass powder particles is 170Mpa, and the thermal conductivity of the glass powder particles is 1 w/(m.K).
In this embodiment, the glass composite has a thermal expansion coefficient of 4(× 10 "6/° c) -9.5(× 10" 6/° c) from 0-40 ℃ (ambient temperature) to 910 ℃, i.e., the glass composite has a strain of 4 to 9.5 parts per million from 0-40 ℃ to 910 ℃.
In the embodiment, the smaller the diameter of the filling powder particles is, the better the compactness of the glass composite material is, and the diameter of the alloy steel powder particles is less than 0.01 mm.
In the embodiment, when the glass composite material is subjected to strong external force to generate crack lines, the cracks are stopped and stopped among thousands of alloy steel powder particles continuously; the fracture resistance strength of the structure of the alloy steel powder particles wrapped by the glass powder particles is more than 2.5 times higher than that of a single glass material, and the strength of the glass composite material is increased from 170MPa to 425 MPa; the softening point of the glass composite material is 860 ℃, so that the glass composite material has high strength performance at a high temperature state; the thermal energy is mainly blocked by the glass material formed by the glass powder particles with the thermal conductivity of 1 w/(m.K), so that the thermal conductivity of the glass composite material structure is 1-2 w/(m.K).
In the embodiment, the melting temperature of the alloy steel powder particles is 1400 ℃, the softening point of the glass composite material is 860 ℃, and the glass composite material can be used as a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material with the thermal conductivity of 1-2 w/(m.K) in various application scenes at 860 ℃ for a long time; and because the hardness of the bauxite is higher than that of various engine metal cylinder liners by more than 3 times, the glass composite material is more wear-resistant and has higher hardness compared with the engine metal cylinder liners.
Example 2
The glass composite material comprises 75% of natural mineral powder particles and 25% of glass powder particles in percentage by weight; the natural mineral powder particles are quartz powder particles, and the diameter of the quartz powder particles is less than 0.01 mm; the content of alumina in the glass powder particles is 28 percent and the content of magnesia in the glass powder particles is 6.3 percent according to weight percentage; the content of silicon oxide is 55%; the content of calcium oxide is 8.6 percent; and 2.1% of boron oxide.
In the present embodiment, the melting temperature of the quartzite powder particles is 1400 ℃; the softening point of the glass composite material is 910 ℃, the strength of the glass powder particles is 195Mpa, and the thermal conductivity of the glass powder particles is 1 w/(m.K).
In this embodiment, the thermal expansion rate of the glass composite material from 0-40 ℃ (normal temperature) to 910 ℃ is between 4(× 10-6/° c) and 9.5(× 10-6/° c), that is, the deformation of the glass composite material from 0-40 ℃ to 1120 ℃ is between 4 parts per million and 9.5 parts per million, compared with the aluminum alloy or cast iron metal material of the conventional engine, the thermal expansion rate is between 15-24(× 10-6/° c) at 350-.
In the present embodiment, the smaller the diameter of the filler particles, the better the densification of the glass composite material, and therefore the diameter of the quartz particles is less than 0.01 mm.
In the embodiment, when the glass composite material is subjected to a strong external force to generate crack lines, the cracks are stopped and stopped among thousands of quartz particles; the fracture resistance strength of the structure of the quartz stone powder particles wrapped by the glass powder particles is more than 2.5 times higher than that of a single glass material, and the strength of the glass composite material is increased from 195Mpa to 487 Mpa; the softening point of the glass composite material is 910 ℃, so the glass composite material has high strength performance at a high temperature state; the thermal energy is mainly blocked by the glass material formed by the glass powder particles with the thermal conductivity of 1 w/(m.K), so that the thermal conductivity of the glass composite material structure is 1-2 w/(m.K).
In the embodiment, since the melting temperature of the quartz stone powder particles is 1400 ℃ and the softening point of the glass composite material is 910 ℃, the glass composite material can be used as a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material with the thermal conductivity of 1-2 w/(m.K) in various application scenes at 910 ℃ for a long time; and because the hardness of the quartz stone powder is higher than that of various engine metal cylinder liners by more than 2 times, the glass composite material is more wear-resistant and has higher hardness compared with the engine metal cylinder liners.
Example 3
The glass composite material comprises, by weight percent, 80% of ceramic powder particles and 20% of glass powder particles in the glass composite material; the ceramic powder particles are alumina ceramic powder particles, and the diameter of the alumina ceramic powder particles is less than 0.01 mm; the content of alumina in the glass powder particles is 44 percent and the content of magnesia in the glass powder particles is 7 percent according to weight percentage; the content of silicon oxide is 34%; the content of calcium oxide is 8 percent; and 7% of boron oxide.
In this embodiment, the alumina ceramic powder particles have a melting temperature of 1700 ℃; the softening point of the glass composite material is 1310 ℃, the strength of the glass powder particles is 330Mpa, and the thermal conductivity of the glass powder particles is 1 w/(m.K).
In this embodiment, the thermal expansion rate of the glass composite material from 0-40 ℃ (normal temperature) to 1310 ℃ is 5(× 10-6/° c) -9.5(× 10-6/° c), that is, the deformation of the glass composite material from 0-40 ℃ to 1310 ℃ is 5 to 9.5 parts per million, compared with the aluminum alloy or cast iron metal material of the conventional engine, the thermal expansion rate is 15-24(× 10-6/° c) at 350-.
In the present embodiment, the smaller the diameter of the filler particles, the better the densification of the glass composite material, and therefore the diameter of the alumina ceramic particles is less than 0.01 mm.
In the embodiment, when the glass composite material is subjected to strong external force to generate crack lines, the cracks are stopped and stopped among thousands of alumina ceramic powder particles continuously; the fracture resistance strength of the structure of the alumina ceramic powder particles wrapped by the glass powder particles is more than 2.5 times higher than that of a single glass material, and the strength of the glass composite material is increased from 330MPa to 820 MPa; the softening point of the glass composite material is 1310 ℃, so the glass composite material has high strength performance in a high-temperature state; the thermal energy is mainly blocked by the glass material formed by the glass powder particles with the thermal conductivity of 1 w/(m.K), so that the thermal conductivity of the glass composite material structure is 1-2 w/(m.K).
In the embodiment, since the melting temperature of the alumina ceramic powder particles is 1700 ℃ and the softening point of the glass composite material is 1310 ℃, the glass composite material can be used as a high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating material with the thermal conductivity of 1-2 w/(m.K) in various application scenes at 1310 ℃ for a long time; and because the hardness of the alumina ceramic powder particles is higher than that of various engine metal cylinder liners by more than 3 times, the glass composite material is more wear-resistant and has higher hardness compared with the engine metal cylinder liners.
Further, the softening temperature of the glass composite material is more than 1100 ℃.
Furthermore, the content of alumina, magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, calcium oxide and boron oxide in the glass powder particles is 35-44%, 5-15%, 26-40%, 6-15% and 3-6% in percentage by weight.
In the present embodiment, the content of alumina, the content of magnesia, the content of silica, the content of calcia, and the content of boria in the glass powder particles are 35%, 10%, 40%, 11%, and 4%, respectively, in terms of weight percentage; with this composition, the softening point of the glass powder particles is 1120 ℃, the strength of the glass powder particles is 235Mpa, the thermal conductivity of the glass powder particles is 1w/(m · K), and the thermal expansion rate of the glass powder particles from 0-40 ℃ (normal temperature) to 1120 ℃ is between 4(× 10-6/° c) and 9.5(× 10-6/° c), that is, the deformation of the glass powder particles from 0-40 ℃ to 1120 ℃ is between 4 parts per million and 9.5 parts per million.
In the present embodiment, the content of alumina, the content of magnesia, the content of silica, the content of calcia and the content of boria in the glass powder particles are 44%, 7%, 34%, 8% and 7%, respectively, in percentage by weight, respectively; with this composition, the softening point of the glass powder particles is 1310 ℃, the strength of the glass powder particles is 330MPa, the thermal conductivity of the glass powder particles is 1 w/(m.K), and the thermal expansion rate of the glass powder particles from 0-40 ℃ (normal temperature) to 1310 ℃ is between 5 (x 10-6/° C) and 9.5 (x 10-6/° C), that is, the deformation of the glass powder particles from 0-40 ℃ to 1310 ℃ is between 5 parts per million and 9.5 parts per million.
Furthermore, the glass composite material comprises, by weight percent, 20-92% of the filler particles and 8-80% of the glass particles.
In the present embodiment, the glass composite material can be produced by an isostatic pressing process, wherein the content of the glass powder particles is 20% and the content of the ceramic powder particles is 80% in percentage by weight of the glass composite material.
Furthermore, the diameter of the filling powder particle is less than 0.01 mm.
In this embodiment, the smaller the diameter of the filler particles, the better the compactness of the glass composite material, and the diameter of the filler particles is less than 0.01 mm.
Furthermore, the ceramic powder particles are alumina ceramic powder particles, zirconia ceramic powder particles, silicon nitride ceramic powder particles, silicon carbide ceramic powder particles or magnesium aluminate spinel ceramic powder particles.
In the embodiment, the ceramic powder particles are preferably alumina ceramic powder particles, zirconia ceramic powder particles, silicon nitride ceramic powder particles, silicon carbide ceramic powder particles or magnesia alumina spinel ceramic powder particles, and the alumina ceramic powder particles, the zirconia ceramic powder particles, the silicon nitride ceramic powder particles, the silicon carbide ceramic powder particles and the magnesia alumina spinel ceramic powder particles have the advantages of high abrasion resistance, low specific gravity and high strength and have the melting point of about 1500-1700 ℃.
Furthermore, the natural mineral powder particles are bauxite powder particles, quartzite powder particles, granite powder particles, silica sand powder particles, andalusite powder particles, kyanite powder particles or sillimanite powder particles.
In the embodiment, the natural mineral powder particles are preferably bauxite powder particles, quartzite powder particles, granite powder particles, silica sand powder particles, andalusite powder particles, kyanite powder particles, or sillimanite powder particles, and the melting points of the bauxite powder particles, the quartzite powder particles, the granite powder particles, the silica sand powder particles, the andalusite powder particles, the kyanite powder particles and the sillimanite powder particles are more than 1100 ℃, so that various use requirements can be met.
Furthermore, the metal powder particles are copper alloy powder particles, gray cast iron powder particles, alloy steel powder particles, tungsten alloy powder particles or chromium alloy powder particles.
In the embodiment, the metal powder particles are preferably copper alloy powder particles, gray cast iron powder particles, alloy steel powder particles, tungsten alloy powder particles or chromium alloy powder particles, and the melting point of the copper alloy powder particles, the gray cast iron powder particles, the alloy steel powder particles, the tungsten alloy powder particles and the chromium alloy powder particles is more than 1100 ℃, so that various use requirements can be met.
A method of producing the glass composite material, comprising the steps of:
s1: uniformly mixing the glass powder particles and the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles to form mixed powder particles;
s2: adding an organic binding material into the mixed powder particles to form a mixture;
s3: putting the mixture into a forming mold, and vacuumizing the mixture in the forming mold;
s4: forming the mixture in the forming die into a blank by an isostatic pressing process or a tape casting process in a vacuum state;
s5: and sintering and molding the blank, volatilizing the organic binding material at high temperature, and finally forming the glass composite material.
In the present embodiment, the glass composite material can be produced into a plate-shaped, tubular product using an isostatic pressing process in step S4.
A method of producing the glass composite material, comprising the steps of:
a1: uniformly mixing the glass powder particles and the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles to form mixed powder particles;
a2: heating the mixed powder particles to soften the glass powder particles to form a molten mixture;
a3: and forming the molten mixture by adopting a rolling process, a hot-rolling process or a casting process to finally form the glass composite material.
In this embodiment, the glass composite material can be produced into profiled, complex-shaped products, such as engine blocks and engine cylinder liners, using a cast-in-place casting process in step a 3.
A method of spraying the glass composite material onto a workpiece surface, comprising the steps of:
b1: uniformly mixing the glass powder particles and the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles to form mixed powder particles;
b2: heating the mixed powder particles to soften the glass powder particles to form a molten mixture;
b3: and (3) through a high-temperature spraying process, enabling the molten mixture to pass through high-speed steam flow, atomizing the molten mixture, and then spraying the atomized molten mixture onto the surface of a workpiece, so as to finally form the glass composite material on the surface of the workpiece.
In the present embodiment, the glass composite material can be attached to the surface of a product having a special shape and a complicated shape by the above method.
A cylinder liner for a vehicle engine comprising the glass composite.
Further, the cylinder liner of the vehicle engine is made of the glass composite material.
In the present embodiment, the cylinder liner of the vehicle engine is made of the glass composite; the ceramic powder particles are preferably alumina ceramic powder particles, zirconia ceramic powder particles, silicon nitride ceramic powder particles or silicon carbide ceramic powder particles; the natural mineral powder is preferably quartz rock ore, the quartz rock ore has a melting point of more than 1400 ℃, and the quartz rock ore also has the advantages of high wear resistance, low specific gravity, high strength and low cost; the glass composite material with the softening point of 1100-1350 ℃ is preferably used for manufacturing the cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine, and compared with the cylinder sleeve made of the traditional metal material, the cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine has the following advantages: firstly, the thermal expansion rate is far lower than that of a metal material; the high temperature of 1100 plus power at 1350 ℃ can be endured for a long time, and the high temperature of 1100 plus power at 1350 ℃ can not deform after long-time working; thirdly, the heat conductivity is only 1-5 w/(m.K) far lower than that of a metal material; and the hardness, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance, the chemical resistance and the cold and hot temperature difference change resistance are all better than those of metal materials.
In the embodiment, the cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine can bear the high temperature of 1100-1350 ℃ for a long time, particularly has the properties of 2-3 times higher strength, 15-20 times higher heat insulation efficiency and small deformation at high temperature than that of the existing aluminum alloy or cast iron vehicle engine, so that the cylinder sleeve not only can be applied to the traditional fuel automobile, but also can be applied to the fuel engines of oil-electricity hybrid automobiles and extended range electric automobiles, the heat utilization rate of the engine adopting the cylinder sleeve of the vehicle engine can be increased to 75-85% from 30-37% of the traditional technology, the heat utilization rate is increased, the fuel is more fully combusted, and the harmful gas discharged by the automobile is greatly reduced.
A cylinder liner for a marine engine, the cylinder liner for a marine engine comprising the glass composite.
Further, the cylinder liner of the marine engine is made of the glass composite material.
In the present embodiment, the cylinder liner of the marine engine is made of the glass composite; the ceramic powder particles are preferably alumina ceramic powder particles, zirconia ceramic powder particles, silicon nitride ceramic powder particles or silicon carbide ceramic powder particles; the natural mineral powder is preferably quartz rock ore, the quartz rock ore has a melting point of more than 1400 ℃, and the quartz rock ore also has the advantages of high wear resistance, low specific gravity, high strength and low cost; the cylinder liner of the marine engine is made of the glass composite material with the softening point of 1100-1350 ℃, and has the following advantages compared with the cylinder liner made of the traditional metal material: firstly, the thermal expansion rate is far lower than that of a metal material; the high temperature of 1100 plus power at 1350 ℃ can be endured for a long time, and the high temperature of 1100 plus power at 1350 ℃ can not deform after long-time working; thirdly, the heat conductivity is only 1-5 w/(m.K) far lower than that of a metal material; and the hardness, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance, the chemical resistance and the cold and hot temperature difference change resistance are all better than those of metal materials.
In the embodiment, the cylinder liner of the marine engine can bear the high temperature of 1100-1350 ℃ for a long time, particularly because the cylinder liner has the properties of 2-3 times higher strength, 15-20 times higher heat insulation efficiency and small deformation at high temperature compared with the existing aluminum alloy or cast iron marine engine, the heat energy utilization rate of the engine adopting the cylinder liner of the marine engine can be increased to 75-85% from 30-37% of the traditional technology, the heat energy utilization rate is improved, the fuel is more fully combusted, and the harmful gas discharged by a marine vessel is greatly reduced.
A piston aircraft engine of the thermomechanical type comprising an engine cylinder liner comprising said glass composite material.
Further, the engine cylinder liner is made of the glass composite material.
In the present embodiment, the engine cylinder liner is made of the glass composite; the ceramic powder particles are preferably alumina ceramic powder particles, zirconia ceramic powder particles, silicon nitride ceramic powder particles or silicon carbide ceramic powder particles; the natural mineral powder is preferably quartz rock ore, the quartz rock ore has a melting point of more than 1400 ℃, and the quartz rock ore also has the advantages of high wear resistance, low specific gravity, high strength and low cost; the engine cylinder liner is made of the glass composite material with the softening point of 1100-1350 ℃ preferably, and has the following advantages compared with the traditional cylinder liner and cylinder block made of metal materials: firstly, the thermal expansion rate is far lower than that of a metal material; the high temperature of 1100 plus power at 1350 ℃ can be endured for a long time, and the high temperature of 1100 plus power at 1350 ℃ can not deform after long-time working; thirdly, the heat conductivity is only 1-5 w/(m.K) far lower than that of a metal material; and the hardness, the wear resistance, the corrosion resistance, the chemical resistance and the cold and hot temperature difference change resistance are all better than those of metal materials.
In the embodiment, the engine cylinder sleeve can bear the high temperature of 1100-1350 ℃ for a long time, particularly because the engine cylinder sleeve has the properties of 2-3 times higher strength, 15-20 times higher heat insulation efficiency and small deformation at high temperature than that of the conventional aluminum alloy or cast iron engine, the heat energy utilization rate of the piston type aircraft engine can be increased to 75-85% from 30-37% of the conventional technology, the heat energy utilization rate is improved, fuel is more fully combusted, and harmful gas discharged by an aircraft is greatly reduced.
A turbine engine of the thermomechanical type comprising said glass composite.
Further, the surfaces of the combustion chamber and the outer casing of the turbine of the heat engine type are covered with a layer of the glass composite material.
In the embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the glass composite material is only 1-5 w/(m.K), so that the conduction loss of heat from a combustion chamber and a turbine shell can be greatly reduced, and the heat energy utilization rate of a heat engine type turbojet engine or turboprop engine or turboshaft engine can be increased from 50% of the traditional technology to 75-85%.
A steam turbine comprising the glass composite.
Further, the glass composite material is covered on the steam chamber wall and/or the cylinder layer surface layer and/or the steam nozzle surface layer and/or the steel disc surface layer and/or the blade surface layer and/or the cylinder body surface layer and/or the steam conveying pipeline surface layer of the steam turbine.
In the embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the glass composite material is only 1-5 w/(m.K), so that the heat conduction loss from the steam chamber wall and/or the cylinder layer surface layer and/or the steam nozzle surface layer and/or the steel disc surface layer and/or the blade surface layer and/or the cylinder body surface layer and/or the steam conveying pipeline surface layer of the steam turbine can be greatly reduced, and the thermal energy utilization rate of the steam turbine can be increased to 75-85% from 30-40% of the conventional technology.
An electrical generator comprising the glass composite.
Further, the surface of the cylinder liner of the piston engine and/or the housing of the turbocharger system component of the generator is covered with a layer of the glass composite material.
In the embodiment, the thermal conductivity of the glass composite material is only 1-5 w/(m.K), and the surface of the cylinder sleeve of the piston engine of the generator and the housing of the turbocharging system component is covered with a layer of the glass composite material, so that the conduction loss of heat from the cylinder sleeve and the turbocharging system component can be greatly reduced, and the thermal energy utilization rate of the generator can be increased to 75-85% from 30-37% of the traditional technology.
A glass engine block of the thermomechanical type comprising a cylinder liner, said cylinder liner comprising said glass composite.
Further, the cylinder liner is made of the glass composite material.
In the present embodiment, the cylinder liner is made of the glass composite material, so that the breaking strength of the cylinder liner is much higher than that of the existing ceramic engine cylinder liner, and the cylinder liner also has all the advantages of the glass composite material; the existing ceramic engine cylinder sleeve can not be produced by adopting a casting process of (molten) cast iron or a die-casting process of aluminum alloy, the cylinder sleeve can be produced by adopting a pouring casting process, the production yield is high, and the industrial large-scale and standardized production can be realized.
An engine block of the thermomechanical type comprising said glass composite.
Further, the engine block of the heat engine is made of the glass composite material.
In the embodiment, the engine cylinder body of the heat engine is made of the glass composite material, and the engine cylinder body of the heat engine can be produced by adopting a pouring casting process, has high production yield and can be industrially produced in a large scale and in a standardized manner; the engine cylinder body of the heat engine is superior to the existing metal engine cylinder body in high temperature resistance, high strength performance, performance of adapting to temperature change of rapid cooling and rapid heating, low thermal expansion performance, low thermal conductivity of 1-5/(m.K), ultrahigh strength performance, high softening point, high wear resistance and high hardness performance.
An engine of the thermomechanical type comprising said glass composite.
Further, the surface of the housing of the turbocharger system component of the heat engine type engine is covered with a layer of the glass composite material.
In the embodiment, the surface of the housing of the turbocharger system component of the heat engine is covered with the glass composite material, so that heat conduction loss from the housing of the turbocharger system component can be greatly reduced.
Further, the cylinder head and/or the piston pin and/or the connecting rod and/or the inlet valve and/or the exhaust valve of the heat engine type engine are made of the glass composite material.
In the present embodiment, the cylinder head and the piston pin and the connecting rod and the intake and exhaust valves of the heat engine type engine are made of the glass composite material, thereby improving the heat insulating performance of the heat engine type engine.
Further, the cylinder liner of the engine of the heat engine comprises an inner layer and an outer layer, wherein the outer layer is made of the glass composite material, the outer layer is sleeved on the periphery of the inner layer and fixedly connected with the inner layer, and the inner layer is made of a ceramic material.
In the embodiment, the outer layer is sleeved on the periphery of the inner layer and is fixedly connected with the inner layer, and the cylinder sleeve is of a double-layer composite structure; the inner layer is in contact with the piston, the inner layer is made of silicon nitride structural ceramics, the silicon nitride structural ceramics has particularly good wear resistance, but has high thermal conductivity which is 25-30 w/(m.K), and the defect of poor heat insulation is overcome, the outer layer is made of the glass composite material, the thermal conductivity of the glass composite material is only 1-5 w/(m.K), the outer layer is sleeved on the periphery of the inner layer and is fixedly connected with the inner layer, so that the defect of poor heat insulation of the silicon nitride structural ceramics can be overcome, more heat energy is converted into kinetic energy, and the advantages of high wear resistance and high strength of the silicon nitride structural ceramics can be highlighted; the cylinder sleeve is particularly suitable for being applied to large-scale vehicles and large-scale ship engines with large cylinder diameters and large displacement.
In the present embodiment, the outer layer and the engine block material can be selectively sintered together, and the cylinder liner of the heat engine can be selectively formed as a separate cylinder liner and can be removed and replaced during maintenance.
A foamed glass material comprising the glass composite.
In this embodiment, the foaming glass material is prepared by adding a foaming agent, a modifying additive and a foaming promoter on the basis of the components of the glass composite material, that is, the foaming glass material comprises the foaming agent, the modifying additive, the foaming promoter, the glass powder particles and the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles; uniformly mixing a foaming agent, a modifying additive, a foaming promoter, the glass powder particles and the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles, and then sintering to finally form the foamed glass material, wherein countless small open or closed pores are filled in the foamed glass material, and the thermal conductivity of the glass composite material is only 1-5 w/(m.K), so that the thermal conductivity of the foamed glass material is only 0.05-0.1 w/(m.K); because the glass composite material has high strength and breaking strength, the foamed glass material also has high strength and breaking strength.
A fiber-containing composite comprising the glass composite.
In this embodiment, the fiber-containing composite material is composed of the glass composite material and fibers, and the fibers include carbon fibers or high-strength glass fibers, that is, the fiber-containing composite material includes fibers, the glass powder particles, and the ceramic powder particles or the natural mineral powder particles or the metal powder particles; the addition of fibers provides the composite material comprising fibers with a higher strength compared to the glass composite material.
A tubular material comprising the glass composite.
In this embodiment, the tubular material is made of the glass composite material; the tubular material has better insulating properties and strength than other tubes.
A flat sheet material comprising the glass composite.
In the present embodiment, the flat plate material is made of the glass composite material; the flat plate material has 8 advantages of high strength performance, performance of adapting to temperature change of rapid cooling and rapid heating, low thermal expansion performance, low thermal conductivity of 1-5 w/(m.K), ultrahigh strength performance, high softening point (deformation point), high wear resistance and high hardness performance under a high temperature state; the flat plate material is produced by a sintering process, and has the advantages of high production efficiency, low cost and high flatness; the flat plate material can be used as a heat insulation sheet, and compared with the limit heat insulation temperature of 280 ℃ of the traditional organic material heat insulation sheet, the flat plate material can reach the limit heat insulation temperature of 1000-1300 ℃.
Of course, the present invention may have other embodiments, and based on the embodiments, those skilled in the art can obtain other embodiments without any creative effort, and all of them are within the protection scope of the present invention.