阅读说明：本技术 一种田间堆肥发酵池及使用方法 (Field compost fermentation tank and use method ) 是由 王帅 赵敬坤 梁涛 倪九派 罗雪峰 况觅 李姗蓉 周鹏 詹雪萍 于 2020-12-03 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种田间堆肥发酵池及使用方法,包括第一发酵池、第二发酵池、第一发酵池材料和使用方法,第一发酵池内空长为3～6m,宽为2～6m,深为1.5～2m,第一发酵池容积为10m~3,长宽高分别为6m,最大容积为216m~3,第一发酵池顶部设置有两个进料口,进料口的形状为正方形,进料口的边长为0.5m,第一发酵池底部设置有出料口,出料口的形状为长方形,出料口的长为1～1.5m,出料口宽为0.6～1m。本发明通过田间有机肥发酵池的设计和应用,可以解决田间作物秸秆、蔬菜尾菜和畜禽粪便等多种料投放下,通过调节物料发酵时的供氧量、温度和水分等指标,来提高发酵效率,使其达到完全腐熟状态后进行利用。(The invention discloses a field composting fermentation tank and a using method thereof, and the field composting fermentation tank comprises a first fermentation tank, a second fermentation tank, a first fermentation tank material and a using method, wherein the inner space of the first fermentation tank is 3-6 m in length, 2-6 m in width and 1.5-2 m in depth, and the volume of the first fermentation tank is 10m 3 The length, width and height are respectively 6m, and the maximum volume is 216m 3 The top of the first fermentation tank is provided with two feed inlets, the feed inlets are square, the side length of the feed inlets is 0.5m, the bottom of the first fermentation tank is provided with a discharge outlet, the discharge outlet is rectangular, the length of the discharge outlet is 1-1.5 m, and the width of the discharge outlet is 0.6-1 m. The invention can solve the problems of field crop straws, vegetable tailstocks and livestock by the design and application of the field organic fertilizer fermentation tankVarious materials such as poultry manure are put down, and the fermentation efficiency is improved by adjusting indexes such as oxygen supply amount, temperature and moisture during material fermentation, so that the materials are utilized after reaching a complete rotten state.)

1. A field compost fermentation vat and application method, including first fermentation vat, second fermentation vat, first fermentation vat material and application method, characterized by: the inner space of the first fermentation tank is 3-6 m in length, 2-6 m in width and 1.5-2 m in depth, and the volume of the first fermentation tank is 10m³The length, width and height are respectively 6m, and the maximum volume is 216m³The fermentation tank is characterized in that two feed inlets are formed in the top of the first fermentation tank, the feed inlets are square, the side length of each feed inlet is 0.5m, a discharge outlet is formed in the bottom of the first fermentation tank, the discharge outlet is rectangular, the length of the discharge outlet is 1-1.5 m, and the width of the discharge outlet is 0.6-1 m.

2. The field composting fermentation vat and the use method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the second fermentation vat degree of depth is 1 ~ 1.5m, the second fermentation vat sets up under ground, the surface of second fermentation vat is provided with the enclosure, the side of second fermentation vat is provided with the filtrating and collects the box, the width that the box was collected to the filtrating is 2 m.

3. The field composting fermentation vat and the use method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the top cover material of the first fermentation tank is poured by steel bars, the feeding port and the discharging port are steel bars, a temperature monitor is installed in the first fermentation tank, an oxygen box is arranged on the side face of the first fermentation tank, and the oxygen box is communicated with the first fermentation tank.

4. The field composting fermentation vat and the use method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the using method comprises the following steps:

(1) feeding: crushing fibers such as crop straws, pruned branches of an orchard and the like by a crusher;

(2) preparing a microbial agent, wherein the microbial agent comprises 1 kg of optimized combination (the effective viable count is more than or equal to 25 hundred million/g) of mould strains such as bacillus subtilis, EM (effective microorganisms) saccharomycetes, and Lei's wood;

(3) adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is 25-35: 1;

(4) stacking and fermenting, namely uniformly mixing the materials in the steps (1), (2) and (3), adjusting the water content to 50-65%, and stacking into a strip stack with the height of 80-120CM and the width of 120-;

(5) turning, wherein turning is started when the temperature in the middle of the stack reaches 40 ℃, turning is performed for 1-2 times every week, and the turning times are encrypted when the temperature rises to 60 ℃ until the fermentation is mature, and the time is 30-40 days;

(6) aging organic fertilizer, wherein after the temperature of the stockpile is lower than 40 ℃, the fermented material is collected into a pile for aging, and the moisture of the material is reduced through air drying and subsequent processing, wherein the aging time is 10-15 days;

(7) adding a proper amount of passivators such as fly ash, ground phosphate rock, zeolite, clay, turf and the like into the compost;

(8) collecting landfill leachate generated in the compost.

5. The field composting fermentation vat and the use method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the water content in the compost is 40-65%.

6. The field composting fermentation vat and the use method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the temperature required by the compost is 45-60 ℃.

7. The field composting fermentation vat and the use method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the oxygen content in the compost material is 5-15%.

8. The field composting fermentation vat and the use method thereof as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pH value in the compost is 5.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of compost, and particularly relates to a field compost fermentation tank and a using method thereof.

Background

Aerobic composting is an important method for simply and efficiently preparing organic fertilizer, the basic principle is clear, and the process flow is mature. However, the traditional composting process and equipment have four problems: firstly, the phenomenon of anaerobic fermentation of a pile body often occurs in the traditional compost, so that a large amount of odor is generated; secondly, due to insufficient oxygen supply of the compost, the degradation of organic matters is often not thorough, so that the compost is not completely fermented, and the risk of burning roots exists; thirdly, the fermentation period of the traditional compost generally needs to last for several months, the period is long, and the production efficiency of organic fertilizers is relatively low; fourthly, the traditional composting equipment is used for producing commercial organic fertilizers and lacks field small-sized practical equipment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a field compost fermentation tank and a using method thereof, which aim to solve the existing problems: the traditional composting technology adopts an anaerobic field stacking method, which occupies a wide area and is long in time.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a field compost fermentation tank and a using method thereof comprise a first fermentation tank, a second fermentation tank and a first fermentation tankThe material and the using method thereof, wherein the inner space of the first fermentation tank is 3-6 m in length, 2-6 m in width and 1.5-2 m in depth, and the volume of the first fermentation tank is 10m³The length, width and height are respectively 6m, and the maximum volume is 216m³The fermentation tank is characterized in that two feed inlets are formed in the top of the first fermentation tank, the feed inlets are square, the side length of each feed inlet is 0.5m, a discharge outlet is formed in the bottom of the first fermentation tank, the discharge outlet is rectangular, the length of the discharge outlet is 1-1.5 m, and the width of the discharge outlet is 0.6-1 m.

Further, the second fermentation vat degree of depth is 1 ~ 1.5m, the second fermentation vat sets up under ground, the surface of second fermentation vat is provided with the enclosure, the side of second fermentation vat is provided with the filtrating and collects the box, the width of filtrating collection box is 2 m.

Further, first fermentation vat top cover material is for the steel bar pouring, feed inlet and discharge gate are the reinforcing bar, install temperature monitor in the first fermentation vat, the side of first fermentation vat is provided with the oxygen box, oxygen box and first fermentation vat intercommunication.

Further, the use method comprises the following steps:

(1) feeding: crushing fibers such as crop straws, pruned branches of an orchard and the like by a crusher;

(2) preparing a microbial agent, wherein the microbial agent comprises 1 kg of optimized combination (the effective viable count is more than or equal to 25 hundred million/g) of strains such as bacillus subtilis, EM (effective microorganisms) saccharomycetes, trichoderma reesei and the like;

(3) adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material, wherein the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the material is 25-35: 1;

(4) stacking and fermenting, namely uniformly mixing the materials in the steps (1), (2) and (3), adjusting the water content to 50-65%, and stacking into a strip stack with the height of 80-120CM and the width of 120-;

(5) turning, wherein turning is started when the temperature in the middle of the stack reaches 40 ℃, turning is performed for 1-2 times every week, and the turning times are encrypted when the temperature rises to 60 ℃ until the fermentation is mature, and the time is 30-40 days;

(6) aging organic fertilizer, wherein after the temperature of the stockpile is lower than 40 ℃, the fermented material is collected into a pile for aging, and the moisture of the material is reduced through air drying and subsequent processing, wherein the aging time is 10-15 days;

(7) adding a proper amount of passivators such as fly ash, ground phosphate rock, zeolite, clay, turf and the like into the compost;

(8) collecting landfill leachate generated in the compost.

Further, the water content in the compost is 40% -65%.

Further, the compost requires a temperature of 45-60 ℃.

Further, the oxygen content in the compost material is 5% -15%.

Further, the compost has a pH of 5.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, through the design and application of the field organic fertilizer fermentation tank, various materials such as field crop straws, vegetable tails, livestock and poultry manure and the like can be put down, and the fermentation efficiency is improved by adjusting the indexes such as oxygen supply amount, temperature, moisture and the like during material fermentation, so that the materials are utilized after reaching a complete decomposition state.

2. The invention can reduce the collection and transportation of materials, reduce the nutrient loss and reduce the labor input; can monitor environmental indexes such as temperature, moisture, pH and the like, shorten the fermentation time and ensure complete fermentation.

3. The organic fertilizer has the advantages of saving space and land, being convenient and flexible, being suitable for ordinary farmers to self-prepare compost for use, reducing the use cost of the organic fertilizer, reducing the pollution risk of ecological environment, promoting the efficient utilization of agricultural waste resources and improving the green sustainable development level of agriculture.

Of course, it is not necessary for any product in which the invention is practiced to achieve all of the above-described advantages at the same time.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a first fermentation tank, a feed inlet and a discharge outlet in the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the structure of a second fermentation tank according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-3, a field composting fermentation tank and a method of using the same includes a first fermentation tank, a second fermentation tank, a first fermentation tank material and a method of using the same, wherein the first fermentation tank has a hollow length of 3-6 m, a width of 2-6 m, a depth of 1.5-2 m, and a first fermentation tank volume of 10m³The length, width and height are respectively 6m, and the maximum volume is 216m³The top of the first fermentation tank is provided with two feed inlets, the feed inlets are square, the side length of the feed inlets is 0.5m, the bottom of the first fermentation tank is provided with a discharge outlet, the discharge outlet is rectangular, the length of the discharge outlet is 1-1.5 m, and the width of the discharge outlet is 0.6-1 m.

The depth of the second fermentation tank is 1-1.5 m, the second fermentation tank is arranged under the ground, the surface of the second fermentation tank is provided with an enclosing wall, the side face of the second fermentation tank is provided with a filtrate collecting box, the width of the filtrate collecting box is 2m, all piled materials can be placed in the second fermentation tank, the filtrate collecting box can collect filtrate, an air blower can be installed at the same time, the materials in the second fermentation tank can be conveniently fermented, and a film can be covered on the top of the materials if the materials are piled in the second fermentation tank, so that the fermentation tank is convenient to use in the field.

The top cover material of the first fermentation tank is poured by steel bars, the feeding port and the discharging port are steel bars, a temperature monitor is installed in the first fermentation tank, an oxygen box is arranged on the side face of the first fermentation tank and communicated with the first fermentation tank, the temperature in the first fermentation tank can be monitored by the temperature monitor, and the oxygen box can enable the first fermentation tank to contain sufficient oxygen.

The using method comprises the following steps:

(1) feeding: crushing fibers such as crop straws, pruned branches of an orchard and the like by a crusher;

(2) preparing a microbial agent, wherein the microbial agent comprises 1 kg of optimized combination (the effective viable count is more than or equal to 25 hundred million/g) of strains such as bacillus subtilis, EM (effective microorganisms) saccharomycetes, trichoderma reesei and the like;

(3) the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the materials is adjusted to be 25-35: 1, so that the rapid fermentation of the compost can be facilitated, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is continuously reduced along with the occurrence of the compost, and when the carbon-nitrogen ratio is reduced to be below 20, the compost is thoroughly decomposed;

(4) stacking and fermenting, namely uniformly mixing the materials in the steps (1), (2) and (3), adjusting the water content to 50-65%, stacking into a strip pile with the height of 80-120CM and the width of 120-;

(5) turning, namely turning when the temperature in the middle of the stack reaches 40 ℃, turning for 1-2 times every week, and encrypting the turning times when the temperature rises to 60 ℃ until the fermentation is mature for 30-40 days;

(6) and (2) ageing the organic fertilizer, after the temperature of the compost is lower than 40 ℃, collecting the fermented materials into a pile for ageing, reducing the moisture of the materials through air drying and subsequent processing, wherein the ageing time is 10-15 days, and the compost can be accelerated to be thoroughly decomposed by turning the pile and supplying oxygen, generally in 30-60 days.

(7) A proper amount of passivators such as fly ash, ground phosphate rock, zeolite, clay, turf and the like are added into the compost, so that the activity of heavy metal ions can be more effectively controlled;

(8) and collecting the landfill leachate generated in the composting, wherein the landfill leachate can be used for regulating the moisture of the secondary composting.

The moisture content in the compost is 40-65%, the moisture content is about 60%, the optimum moisture content is about 60%, and the moisture content can reach 55 ℃ required by sterilization in a short time.

The temperature required by the compost is 45-60 ℃, the temperature mainly has the effect of influencing the growth of microorganisms, and the temperature required by the compost can be controlled within the upper limit of the suitable activity range of the microorganisms, namely 60 ℃.

The oxygen content in the compost material is 5-15%, and the oxygen content is 10% to ensure the requirement of microbial metabolism.

The pH value in the compost is 5, and the composting process is blocked. Lime, plant ash, gypsum and the like are good pH regulators under acidic environment conditions.

One specific application of this embodiment is: the method comprises the steps of crushing fibers such as crop straws and pruned branches of an orchard by a crusher, optimally combining 1 kg of microbial agents (the number of effective viable bacteria is more than or equal to 25 hundred million/g) of strains such as bacillus subtilis, EM (effective microorganism) saccharomycetes and Trichoderma reesei with raw materials, mixing the raw materials, adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the materials to be 25-35: 1, uniformly stirring the pretreated raw materials in proportion, adjusting the water content to 50-65% (preferably, water is found between finger joints when the raw materials are pinched by hands but water does not drip), fully stacking or storing the raw materials in a fermentation tank for fermentation, paying attention to rainproof and ventilation measures, stacking for 3-10 days, and enabling the temperature to reach more than 40 ℃. The time of complete decomposition is 60-90 days, the temperature of the stockpile is lower than 40 ℃, landfill leachate generated in the running process of the compost is collected, air is supplemented to a fermentation tank or the compost is turned when the temperature is raised to 60 ℃ until the fermentation is mature, generally 30-40 days are needed, and the fermented mature material is taken out of the stockpile for aging treatment after the temperature of the stockpile is lower than 40 ℃, so that the use is convenient.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.