阅读说明：本技术 从百合科葱属植物中提取拉肖皂苷元的方法 (Method for extracting laxogenin from plant of Allium of Liliaceae ) 是由 王慎谦 于 2020-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了从百合科葱属植物中提取拉肖皂苷元的方法,提取流程依次为粉碎、水蒸气蒸馏、萃取和提取、柱分离和结晶。本发明原材料易种植,生长周期短,成本低廉且安全无毒。提取方法简单安全,不使用昂贵或有毒有害的化学物质,最终产物纯度高,因此是一种全新且具有竞争力的拉肖皂苷元获取途径。(The invention discloses a method for extracting laxogenin from plants in the genus of Allium in the family of Liliaceae, which comprises the steps of crushing, steam distillation, extraction and extraction, column separation and crystallization. The invention has the advantages of easy planting of raw materials, short growth period, low cost, safety and no toxicity. The extraction method is simple and safe, does not use expensive or toxic and harmful chemical substances, and has high purity of the final product, thereby being a brand-new and competitive laxogenin acquisition way.)

1. A method for extracting laxogenin from plants in the genus of Allium in the family of Liliaceae is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

1) crushing a fresh harvested plant of the genus Allium of the family Liliaceae, adding water in an amount which is 1-5 times the weight of the raw material, stirring and mixing uniformly, and distilling with steam to remove sulfides;

2) centrifuging to obtain filtrate and filter cake, extracting the filtrate with water-immiscible solvent, extracting the filter cake with the same solvent, mixing the extractive solution and extractive solution, and concentrating under reduced pressure to remove solvent to obtain concentrate a;

3) separating the concentrate a with silica gel column, collecting eluate rich in laxogenin, and concentrating to remove solvent to obtain concentrate b;

4) dissolving with 1-5 times of alcohol with carbon number of 1-3, adding seed crystal, crystallizing, filtering, and drying to obtain laxogenin.

2. The method of extracting laxogenin from plants of the genus allium of the family liliaceae according to claim 1, wherein: in the step 1), the plant of the genus allium in the family liliaceae is allium macrostemon or allium chinense, and the allium macrostemon or allium chinense takes leaves, bulbs, flowers, seeds, fibrous roots or whole plants of the plant.

3. The method of extracting laxogenin from plants of the genus allium of the family liliaceae according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: in the step 2), the solvent which is not soluble in water is ethyl acetate, dichloroethane or dichloromethane.

4. The method of extracting laxogenin from plants of the genus allium of the family liliaceae according to claim 3, wherein: in the step 3), the volume ratio of the petroleum ether or the n-hexane to the ethyl acetate in the mobile phase is 2:1-5: 1.

5. The method of extracting laxogenin from plants of the genus allium of the family liliaceae according to claim 3, wherein: in the step 4), the alcohol containing 1-3 carbon atoms is methanol, ethanol, propanol or isopropanol.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant extraction, in particular to a method for extracting laxogenin from liliaceae allium plants.

Background

Laxogenin (Laxogenin) is an active substance with cardiovascular disease treating and anti-tumor effects, and is a natural brassinolide phytohormone, and at very low concentration, it can stimulate seed germination and seedling growth, promote crop growth and increase yield. The structural formula is as follows:

the existing preparation method of laxogenin is divided into two methods of synthesis and plant extraction. Wherein the synthesis takes diosgenin as an initial material, and a final product is obtained by more than 4 steps of reaction. The synthesis method has complex process and high cost, and impurities in the final product may have high toxicity and cause damage to users and crops. At present, Smilax scobinicaulis c.h. wright is used as a raw material for plant extraction, and solvent extraction or bio-enzyme catalysis extraction is carried out on the raw material. Smilax scobinicaulis, also called "Jingang" is a climbing shrub with thick and hard rhizome, irregular block of 2-3 cm thick. The flowering period is 2-5 months, and the fruit period is 9-11 months. The main disadvantages of smilax scobinicaulis as raw material for extracting laxogenin are: 1. the raw material cost is high: the growth cycle is longer, the requirements on planting and growth conditions are higher, and the harder and starch-rich rhizome is cut into blocks and dried after being harvested to be used as a raw material for later use; 2. in Chinese patent CN101205249A, in order to extract laxogenin from Smilax scobinicaulis rhizome powder, 70% ethanol is required to extract for 4 times, each time for 4 hours, and the extract is concentrated to obtain extract. And respectively extracting the extract for 5 times by using petroleum ether and n-butanol, then carrying out adsorption separation by using macroporous resin, and then carrying out acidification hydrolysis to obtain the laxogenin. In chinese patent CN101230378A, the method of enzymatic hydrolysis is used to extract laxogenin from dried rhizome of smilax scobinicaulis, which requires sequential use of cellulase, amylase and saccharifying enzyme for hydrolysis, followed by acidification for hydrolysis, and finally requires chloroform or gasoline which is harmful to human body for extraction. Continuous enzymatic degradation processes require very strict control of the reaction conditions and toxic solvents eventually used for extraction may remain in the final product.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for extracting laxogenin from liliaceae allium plants, aiming at overcoming the defects of high raw material cost, complicated processing and extracting process, long time consumption and toxic solvent use in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for extracting laxogenin from plants in the genus of Allium in the family of Liliaceae is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) crushing a fresh harvested plant of the genus Allium of the family Liliaceae, adding water in an amount which is 1-5 times the weight of the raw material, stirring and mixing uniformly, and distilling with steam to remove sulfides;

2) centrifuging to obtain filtrate and filter cake, extracting the filtrate with water-immiscible solvent, extracting the filter cake with the same solvent, mixing the extractive solution and extractive solution, and concentrating under reduced pressure to remove solvent to obtain concentrate a;

3) separating the concentrate a with silica gel column, collecting eluate rich in laxogenin, and concentrating to remove solvent to obtain concentrate b;

4) dissolving with alcohol with mass of 1-3 carbon atoms and b1-5 times of the concentrate, adding seed crystal, crystallizing, filtering, and drying to obtain laxogenin.

Further, in the step 1), the plant of allium of liliaceae is allium macrostemon or allium chinense, and the allium macrostemon or allium chinense takes leaves, bulbs, flowers, seeds, fibrous roots or whole plants of the plant.

Further, in step 2), the water-immiscible solvent is ethyl acetate, dichloroethane or dichloromethane.

Further, in the step 3), the volume ratio of the petroleum ether or the n-hexane to the ethyl acetate in the mobile phase is 2:1-5: 1.

Further, in the step 4), the alcohol having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is methanol, ethanol, propanol or isopropanol.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

1. the raw material cost is low: the present invention extracts the laxogenin by using the allium macrostemon or the allium chinense which has short growth cycle and is easy to plant and belongs to the allium genus of the liliaceae family as the raw material.

2. The preparation process is simple, safe and reliable:

firstly, the plants do not need to be dried and are easy to crush. The second process only needs to carry out the steps of crushing, steam distillation, extraction and extraction, column separation and crystallization, and does not need to use an organic solvent with high toxicity, thereby being environment-friendly.

Secondly, because the chemical components in the allium macrostemon and the allium chinense plants are complex, the laxogenin has the function of regulating the growth of plants and is a target substance, the extraction method determines whether the laxogenin can be effectively separated from other substances. In the invention, the substances removed in the first step are sulfur-containing compounds which have stimulating effect on eyes and mucosa of animals and human beings and cause allium macrostemon or allium chinense to have pungent odor, so that the allium macrostemon or allium chinense is crushed and distilled by steam distillation. At the same time, the heating process of steam distillation can also make the plant scraps fully swell, thereby dissolving out the water-soluble components. The material after steam distillation was centrifuged to obtain a filtrate, and the filter cake was washed with water. In step two, the invention adopts a water-insoluble solvent to extract the filtrate, and the suitable solvent is ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and dichloroethane, preferably ethyl acetate. The extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate to remove the dissolved sugar substances. In the third step, carboxylic acid and nitrogen-containing compound with larger polarity in the viscous solid are separated and removed by silica gel column. The mobile phase is preferably petroleum ether or a mixed solvent of n-hexane and ethyl acetate. In the fourth step, the final product of the laxogenin is separated from the mixture through seed crystal induced crystallization. Through the process route, the content of the product is more than 93 percent.

The specific implementation mode is as follows:

the present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples.

Example 1:

a method for extracting laxogenin from plant of Allium of Liliaceae comprises:

firstly, washing 10 kg of fresh whole plant of the harvested allium macrostemon, and then crushing. The crushed material is put into a reaction kettle, 20 kg of water is added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed evenly. The mixture was heated to 90 ℃ and distilled by passing steam through it, and the distillation was terminated when the distillate was no longer cloudy.

II, secondly: the mixture after distillation was centrifuged while hot and the filter cake was washed with 3 kg of hot water at 70 ℃. The filtrate was extracted with 20X 2 kg of ethyl acetate, the extracts were separated and combined and left to stand. The filter cake was put into 15 kg of ethyl acetate, stirred, heated under reflux for 30 minutes, cooled and filtered. The filtrate was combined with the previous extracts and washed with 5 kg of water. After the phase separation by standing, the ethyl acetate layer was separated and dried over 0.5 kg of anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration to remove the sodium sulfate, the concentrate was concentrated to remove the ethyl acetate to give 30 g of a brown viscous concentrate which was analyzed to contain 1.3 carabaxogenin.

Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: dissolving the concentrate with 300 g of ethyl acetate, adding 100 g of silica gel, concentrating the solvent to dryness, adding the solvent to a silica gel column, and mixing the solvent with normal hexane: mobile phase wash with 3:1 (vol/vol) ethyl acetate. The sample fractions containing laxogenin were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 1.9 g of a yellow amorphous solid which was analyzed to have 61% laxogenin.

In the step two, the thick concentrate obtained in the step two is treated, and the thick concentrate is a mixture of steroid saponin, carboxylic acid and nitrogen-containing compound, wherein the carboxylic acid and the nitrogen-containing compound have larger polarity and can be separated and removed through a silica gel column.

Dissolving the yellow amorphous solid with 10 g of ethanol, adding 3mg of laxogenin seed crystals under stirring at room temperature, cooling the system to 0-4 ℃ in an ice water bath, crystallizing for 3 hours, filtering, drying a filter cake to obtain 0.84 g of light yellow needle-shaped solid, and analyzing to obtain laxogenin with 98% content. The rest components are mixture of other steroid saponins, such as various allium macrostemon glycosides homologues.

Example 2:

a method for extracting laxogenin from plant of Allium of Liliaceae comprises:

step one is the same as in example 1.

II, secondly: the mixture after distillation was centrifuged while hot and the filter cake was washed with 3 kg of hot water at 70 ℃. The filtrate was extracted with 20X 2 kg of dichloromethane, the extracts were separated and combined and left to stand. The filter cake was put into 15 kg of methylene chloride, heated under reflux with stirring for 30 minutes, and then cooled and filtered. The filtrate was combined with the previous extracts and washed with 5 kg of water. After the phase separation by standing, the dichloromethane layer was separated and dried over 0.5 kg of anhydrous sodium sulfate. After removal of the sodium sulfate by filtration, the solvent was concentrated to remove the solvent, yielding 27 grams of a brown viscous concentrate which was analyzed to contain 1.1 carabaxogenin.

Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: dissolving the concentrate with 300 g of ethyl acetate, adding 100 g of silica gel, concentrating the solvent to dryness, adding the concentrated solution into a silica gel column, and mixing the concentrated solution with petroleum ether: mobile phase washing of ethyl acetate 4:1 (mass ratio). The sample fractions containing laxogenin were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 1.7 g of a yellow solid which was assayed for 56% laxogenin.

Dissolving the yellow amorphous solid with 10 g of methanol, adding 3mg of laxogenin seed crystals under stirring at room temperature, cooling the system to 0-4 ℃ in an ice water bath, crystallizing for 3 hours, filtering, drying a filter cake to obtain 0.74 g of light yellow needle-shaped solid, and analyzing that the laxogenin content is 96%.

Example 3:

a method for extracting laxogenin from plant of Allium of Liliaceae comprises:

step one is the same as in example 1.

II, secondly: the mixture after distillation was centrifuged while hot and the filter cake was washed with 3 kg of hot water at 70 ℃. The filtrate is extracted with 20X 2 kg of dichloroethane, and the extracts are combined and left to stand for further use after being separated out. The filter cake was put into 15 kg of dichloroethane, stirred, heated under reflux for 30 minutes, cooled and filtered. The filtrate was combined with the previous extracts and washed with 5 kg of water. After standing and phase separation, the dichloroethane layer was separated and dried over 0.5 kg of anhydrous sodium sulfate. The sodium sulfate was removed by filtration and the solvent was removed by concentration to give 29 g of a brown viscous concentrate which was assayed to contain 1.7 carabazedoary.

Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: dissolving the concentrate with 300 g of ethyl acetate, adding 100 g of silica gel, concentrating the solvent to dryness, adding the solvent to a silica gel column, and mixing the solvent with normal hexane: mobile phase wash with 3:1 (mass ratio) ethyl acetate. The sample fractions containing laxogenin were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 2.4 g of a yellow solid which was assayed to have 57% laxogenin.

Dissolving the yellow amorphous solid with 10 g of n-propanol, adding 3mg of laxogenin seed crystals under stirring at room temperature, cooling the system to 0-4 ℃ in an ice water bath, crystallizing for 3 hours, filtering, drying a filter cake to obtain 0.41 g of light yellow needle-shaped solid, and analyzing the content of laxogenin in the light yellow needle-shaped solid to be 93%.

Example 4:

a method for extracting laxogenin from plant of Allium of Liliaceae comprises:

steps one to three were the same as in example 1. Dissolving the obtained 1.9 g of yellow solid containing 61% of laxogenin with 10 g of isopropanol, adding 3mg of laxogenin seed crystal under stirring at room temperature, then cooling the system to 0-4 ℃ in an ice water bath, crystallizing for 3 hours, filtering, drying a filter cake to obtain 0.39 g of light yellow needle-shaped solid, and analyzing to obtain 94% of laxogenin content.

Example 5:

a method for extracting laxogenin from plant of Allium of Liliaceae comprises:

firstly, washing 10 kg of fresh whole harvested allium chinense plants, and then crushing. The crushed material is put into a reaction kettle, 20 kg of water is added, and the mixture is stirred and mixed evenly. The mixture was heated to 90 ℃ and distilled by passing steam through it, and the distillation was terminated when the distillate was no longer cloudy.

II, secondly: the mixture after distillation was centrifuged while hot and the filter cake was washed with 4 kg of hot water at 70 ℃. The filtrate was extracted with 25X 2 kg of ethyl acetate, the extracts were separated and combined and left to stand. The filter cake was put into 20 kg of ethyl acetate, stirred, heated under reflux for 30 minutes, cooled and filtered. The filtrate was combined with the previous extracts and washed with 5 kg of water. After the phase separation by standing, the ethyl acetate layer was separated and dried over 0.5 kg of anhydrous sodium sulfate. After filtration to remove the sodium sulfate, the concentrate was concentrated to remove the ethyl acetate to give 19 g of a brown viscous concentrate which was analyzed to contain 0.7 carabaxogenin.

Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: dissolving the concentrate with 200 g of ethyl acetate, adding 60 g of silica gel, concentrating the solvent to dryness, adding the concentrated solution into a silica gel column, and mixing the concentrated solution with n-hexane: mobile phase wash with 3:1 (mass ratio) ethyl acetate. The sample fractions containing laxogenin were collected and concentrated under reduced pressure to give 0.8 g of a yellow amorphous solid which was analyzed to have 65% laxogenin.

Dissolving the yellow amorphous solid with 5 g of ethanol, adding 2mg of laxogenin seed crystals under stirring at room temperature, cooling the system to 0-4 ℃ in an ice water bath, crystallizing for 3 hours, filtering, drying a filter cake to obtain 0.32 g of light yellow needle-shaped solid, and analyzing to obtain the laxogenin with a laxogenin content of 95%.