阅读说明：本技术 一种基于场反位形等离子体的轴向压缩聚变装置及方法 (Axial compression fusion device and method based on field inversion shape plasma ) 是由 廖晖 孙玄 于 2020-12-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种基于场反位形等离子体的轴向压缩聚变装置及方法,包括场反位形的形成和传输系统、高速等离子团发生器阵列、内部快速反应的磁场线圈组、中心燃烧腔室、和外部直流线圈组；场反位形的形成和传输系统对称分布在该压缩聚变装置左右最末两侧,两组对称分布的高速等离子体团发生器阵列位于中心燃烧室两侧的类锥形室外侧；内部快速反应的磁场线圈组对称分布在高速等离子体团发生器的喷射口附近到中心燃烧室的边缘部分,多个不同规格的直流线圈均匀分布在中心燃烧腔室外,每个线圈相隔一定距离,且左右对称分布；利用对称分布的高速等离子体团发生器阵列产生的等离子体推进层对位于中心燃烧室的碰撞融合场反位形进行轴向压缩,达到聚变点火条件。(The invention relates to an axial compression fusion device and method based on field inversion plasma, which comprises a field inversion forming and transmitting system, a high-speed plasma cluster generator array, a magnetic field coil group with internal rapid reaction, a central combustion chamber and an external direct current coil group, wherein the field inversion forming and transmitting system comprises a field inversion forming and transmitting system; the field inversion forming and transmitting systems are symmetrically distributed on the left and right last sides of the compression fusion device, and two groups of symmetrically distributed high-speed plasma cluster generator arrays are positioned on the outer sides of the quasi-conical chambers on the two sides of the central combustion chamber; the magnetic field coil groups with the internal rapid reaction are symmetrically distributed from the vicinity of the jet orifice of the high-speed plasma cluster generator to the edge part of the central combustion chamber, a plurality of direct current coils with different specifications are uniformly distributed outside the central combustion chamber, and each coil is separated by a certain distance and is symmetrically distributed from left to right; the plasma propulsion layer generated by the symmetrically distributed high-speed plasma group generator array is used for axially compressing the inverted shape of the collision fusion field in the central combustion chamber, so that the fusion ignition condition is achieved.)

1. An axial compression fusion device based on field inversion plasma, comprising: the plasma generator comprises a field inversion shape forming and transmitting system, a high-speed plasma cluster generator array, an internal fast-reaction magnetic field coil set, a central combustion chamber and an external direct current coil set; the inside of the whole device is in a high vacuum environment; the field inversion shape forming and transmitting systems are symmetrically distributed on the left and right last sides of the compression fusion device; each array consists of a plurality of plasma cluster generators and is symmetrically distributed outside the quasi-conical chambers on two sides of the central combustion chamber; the magnetic field coil group with the internal rapid reaction is symmetrically distributed from the vicinity of a jet orifice of the high-speed plasma group generator to the edge part of the central combustion chamber, the central combustion chamber is positioned in the center of the whole compression fusion device, a plurality of direct current coils with different specifications are uniformly distributed outside the central combustion chamber, each coil is separated by a certain distance and is symmetrically distributed in the left and right directions, and a plasma propulsion layer generated by the high-speed plasma group generator array is utilized to axially compress the reverse shape of a collision fusion field positioned in the central combustion chamber, so that the fusion ignition condition is achieved.

2. A field inversion plasma based axial compression fusion device as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the field inversion form forming and transmitting system is formed by a theta pinch forming method; the system for forming the field inversion bit pattern comprises: the theta coil, the quartz tube and the magnetic throat coils at two ends of the quartz tube; the quartz tube is arranged at the tail ends of the left side and the right side of the whole device, the theta coils are continuously and uniformly sleeved outside the quartz tube, and the magnetic throat coils are fixedly arranged at the two sides of the quartz tube.

3. A field inversion plasma based axial compression fusion device as claimed in claim 2 wherein: the theta coils are made of oxygen-free copper, the inner diameter of each theta coil is the same, and the plurality of theta coils are arranged into a cylindrical shape.

4. A field inversion plasma based axial compression fusion device as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the high-speed plasma group generator array consists of a plurality of high-speed plasma group generators which are symmetrically distributed along the similar conical chamber ring direction, and a plasma propulsion layer can be formed by a plurality of high-speed plasma groups generated by the high-speed plasma group generator array and moves forward from two sides to the central combustion chamber along magnetic lines of force.

5. A field inversion plasma based axial compression fusion device as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the magnetic field coil group with the internal quick reaction is made of oxygen-free copper, is wrapped by ceramic insulating materials and is installed in the vacuum chamber close to the inner wall of the device, each coil in the magnetic field coil group independently provides a power supply, and the power supply adopts a high-voltage pulse capacitor with the voltage up to 50kV and the small capacitance value of 10-500 mu F as energy supply.

6. A field inversion plasma based axial compression fusion device as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the direct current coil group is formed by winding and sealing high-temperature superconducting materials or oxygen-free copper, each group of coils in the direct current coil group independently supplies power, and the position and the size of a magnetic field can be adjusted.

7. A field inversion plasma based axial compression fusion device as claimed in claim 1 wherein: the compression of the collision fusion field inversion shape utilizes a plasma propulsion layer generated by a high-speed plasma cluster generator array to carry out quasi-one-dimensional axial compression on the field inversion shape plasma instead of violent radial compression.

8. An axial compression fusion method based on field inversion shape plasma is characterized by comprising the following implementation steps:

(1) the field inversion forming and transmitting system at the left and right ends of the fusion device forms plasma density 2e21-2e22m at the source region^-3The ion temperature is 200-300eV, the elongation ratio is more than 10, the jet transmission speed is more than two groups of field inversion shapes of 150km/s, the forward kinetic energy of the field inversion shape plasma comes from the axial ampere force generated by the interaction of the circumferential current and the radial magnetic field of the plasma, and the field inversion shape is accelerated to the alfen speed or the super alfen speed; the field inversion shapes are transmitted to the central combustion chamber along a straight magnetic field generated by the direct current magnetic field coil group, and then the two groups of field inversion shapes collide with each other in the central combustion chamber to be fused into a new field inversion shape with higher temperature;

(2) after the inverted shape of the collision fusion field is formed, the magnetic field coil which is positioned near the cone-like chamber and has rapid reaction inside disperses the originally straight magnetic lines in the cone-like chamber area so as to facilitate the entering of plasma clusters, and simultaneously, a plurality of high momentum densities, namely, the density is higher than 2e23m, are emitted by the high-speed plasma cluster generator array which is symmetrically distributed^-3The plasma clusters with the jet speed higher than 50km/s travel along the scattered magnetic lines and then gradually fuse into a whole in the advancing process to form high speed for compression, namely high density with the speed higher than 50km/s, namely higher than 2e23m^-3A plasma propulsion layer;

(3) and (3) enabling the plasma propulsion layer generated in the step (2) to act on the collision fusion field inversion shape generated in the step (1) to push the axial compression of the field inversion shape, and simultaneously starting the magnetic field coil which is close to the edge of the central combustion chamber and has rapid reaction inside, so that the magnetic field of the central combustion chamber is changed, redundant magnetic flux is injected, the magnetic field of a source region is enhanced, and the severe radial expansion of the field inversion shape after the axial compression is prevented.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of magnetic inertial fusion, and relates to a device for generating alpha particles and neutrons, releasing fusion energy and safely converting the fusion energy into electric energy by using high-temperature plasma consisting of deuterium (D) and tritium (T) to achieve fusion conditions through approximate adiabatic compression, in particular to an axial compression fusion device and method based on field inversion plasma.

Background

At present, fusion energy is generally considered as ultimate energy of human beings, and has a series of advantages of high efficiency, cleanness, rich fuel and relative safety. Magnetic Inertial Fusion (MIF) is gaining increasing attention over traditional and extensively studied Magnetic Confinement Fusion (MCF) and Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) by virtue of its relatively small and economical construction facilities and occupying a good space of Fusion thermonuclear reaction parameters (Wurden, g.a., Hsu, s.c., integrator, t.p.et al.magneto-inert fusion.j Fusion energy 35, 69-77).

Field inversion forms are often used as fusion compression targets in magnetic inertial fusion (Physics of plasma 11,2580(2004)) due to their high density, closed magnetic field structure, and ability to transport and have better robustness, wherein the field inversion forms of collision fusion possess higher initial temperatures and longer lifetimes (m.w. binder et al (the TAE Team) Physics. rev. lett.105, 045003).

Most of the compression based on field inversion in the past is radial compression, for example, Los Alamos National Laboratory in the United states proposes a scheme of using solid sleeve implosion compression (Review of Scientific Instruments 74,4314(2003)) and an experiment of using an enhanced magnetic field to perform radial compression (Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics 4,1909(1992)), according to FRC constraint empirical formula, the reduced radial dimension during radial compression leads to a sharp reduction in the constraint of field inversion, and partial experimental results also confirm this phenomenon, and serious loss causes a large amount of particles and energy to escape, resulting in the final compression not reaching the fusion reaction temperature.

Axial compression based on field inversion has been proposed (s.okada et al 1999 nuclear.fusion 392009), experimental results show that a certain degree of axial compression is beneficial to improve or maintain the confinement of the field inversion, while in theory axial compression also enables the target to reach fusion ignition conditions.

The Plasma and its plasmoid can be accelerated to very high speed, and the efficiency of energy conversion to Plasma kinetic energy can be as high as 50%, and a plurality of high speed high density plasmoids can form a Plasma propulsion layer with higher density and temperature, which can be used to compress the target Plasma (s.c. hsu et al, "pneumatic impact Plasma linear as a standard off Driver for magnetic ideal Fusion," in IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol.40, No.5, pp.1287-1298, May 2012).

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the axial compression fusion device and method based on the field inversion plasma are provided, so that the compressed target plasma can reach the fusion temperature.

The technical solution of the invention is as follows: an axial compression fusion device based on field inversion plasma comprises a field inversion plasma forming and transmitting system, a high-speed plasma cluster generator array, a magnetic field coil group with an internal rapid reaction, a central combustion chamber, an external direct current coil group and the like. The interior of the whole device is in a vacuum environment, wherein the field inversion-shaped forming and transmission systems are symmetrically distributed on the left side and the right side of the compression fusion device, and the high-speed plasma cluster generator arrays are formed by a plurality of plasma cluster generators and symmetrically distributed on the outer sides of the quasi-conical chambers on the two sides of the central combustion chamber; the magnetic field coil groups with the internal rapid reaction are symmetrically distributed from the vicinity of the jet orifice of the high-speed plasma cluster generator to the edge part of the central combustion chamber, the central combustion chamber is positioned at the center of the whole compression fusion device, a plurality of direct current coils with different specifications are uniformly distributed outside the central combustion chamber, and each coil is separated by a certain distance and is symmetrically distributed in the left and right directions. The plasma propulsion layer generated by the symmetrically distributed high-speed plasma group generator array is used for axially compressing the inverted shape of the collision fusion field in the central combustion chamber, so that the fusion ignition condition is achieved.

The forming system of the field inversion shape comprises a theta coil, a quartz tube and magnetic throat coils at two ends of the quartz tube, and the method for forming the field inversion shape is a theta pinch forming method. The theta coils are made of oxygen-free copper, the inner diameter of each theta coil is the same, and the plurality of theta coils are arranged into a cylindrical shape.

The high-speed plasma group generator array consists of a plurality of high-speed plasma group generators which are circumferentially and symmetrically distributed along the quasi-conical chamber, and the high-speed plasma group generated by the high-speed plasma group generator array is injected into the central combustion chamber from two sides along magnetic lines.

The magnetic field coil group with the internal rapid reaction is characterized in that a core material is oxygen-free copper, insulating materials such as ceramics and the like are wrapped outside the magnetic field coil group, the magnetic field coil group is installed in a position close to the wall of the device in a vacuum chamber, each coil group independently provides a power supply, and a pulse capacitor with high voltage (0-50kV) and small capacitance value (10-500 mu F) can be selected as energy supply.

The direct current coil group is formed by winding and sealing high-temperature superconducting materials or oxygen-free copper, each group of coils independently supplies power, and the position and the size of a magnetic field can be adjusted.

The compression of the collision fusion field inversion shape is mainly axial compression of the field inversion shape by using a plasma propulsion layer generated by a high-speed plasma cluster generator array, but not violent radial compression.

The method is realized as follows:

(1) the field inversion forming and transmitting system at the left and right ends of the fusion device forms plasma density of approximately 2e21m in the source region^-3The ion temperature is about 500eV, the elongation ratio is more than about 10, the jet transmission speed is more than two groups of field inversion shapes of 150km/s, the advancing kinetic energy of the field inversion shape plasma comes from axial ampere force generated by the interaction of the circumferential current and the radial magnetic field of the plasma, and the field inversion shape is accelerated to the alfen speed or the super alfen speed; the field inversion shapes are transmitted to the central combustion chamber along a straight magnetic field generated by the direct current magnetic field coil group, and then the two groups of field inversion shapes collide with each other in the central combustion chamber to be fused into a new field inversion shape with higher temperature;

(2) after the inverted shape of the colliding fusion field is formed, the magnetic field coil which is located near the cone-like chamber and used for fast reaction in the interior disperses the originally straight magnetic lines in the cone-like chamber area so as to facilitate the entering of plasma clusters, and meanwhile, a plurality of high momentum densities (the density is higher than 2e23 m) are emitted by the symmetrically distributed high-speed plasma cluster generator array at the same time^-3Jet velocity higher than 50km/s), which travel along the diverging magnetic field lines and then travel overGradually fusing into a whole in the process to form high density (higher than 2e23 m) of high speed (speed greater than 50km/s) advancing line for compression^-3) A plasma propulsion layer;

(3) and (3) enabling the plasma propulsion layer generated in the step (2) to act on the collision fusion field inversion shape generated in the step (1) to push the axial compression of the field inversion shape, and simultaneously starting the magnetic field coil which is close to the edge of the central combustion chamber and has rapid reaction inside, so that the magnetic field of the central combustion chamber is changed, redundant magnetic flux is injected, the magnetic field of a source region is enhanced, and the severe radial expansion of the field inversion shape after the axial compression is prevented.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) the invention abandons the traditional solid sleeve compression concept, and a series of adverse effects such as high-Z impurity pollution caused by solid sleeve compression, damage of fragments to the wall, frequent replacement, difficult external current feeding and the like can be avoided.

(2) The axial compression scheme in the invention is more beneficial to maintaining the self life of field reversed shape (FRC) plasma, including maintaining or increasing the radial dimension, and the radial particle constraint and the magnetic flux constraint are retained.

(3) Due to the introduction of the axial plasma propulsion layer, a plasma conductor wall is formed in the axial direction, and the axial plasma propulsion layer is matched with the conductor metal wall of the central combustion chamber, so that the confinement of collision fusion FRC is facilitated in the compression process, and particularly the axial particle confinement of the FRC is obviously improved.

(4) The use of axial compression of the plasma-advancing layer of the present invention is also somewhat more beneficial for FRC stabilization because the plasma-advancing layer couples with the internal FRC during compression, a coupled system that may be advantageous for the most dangerous tilt instabilities in FRC.

(5) The invention utilizes the axial compression of the plasma propulsion layer on the collision fusion field reversed shape, so that the compression of the FRC with larger volume (the larger volume can mean that the radius of the plasma separation line of the field reversed shape is more than 0.2m) is convenient to implement, and the flat FRC after the compression is more beneficial to the injection heating maintenance of neutral beams.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of an axial compression fusion device based on field inversion plasma according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the specific compression process of the field inversion plasma based axial compression fusion device of the present invention; wherein (a) is a schematic diagram of a field inversion formation and transport system located at the last left and right sides of a fusion device forming a field inversion at a source region and transporting in the device; (b) is a schematic diagram of the formation of a collision fusion field inversion shape and the generation of a number of high-speed plasmoids by a high-speed plasmoid generator array; (c) is a schematic diagram of the formation of a plasma propulsion layer and the imminent axial compression of the collision fusion field inversion shape; (d) is a schematic diagram of the plasma propulsion layer compressing the colliding fusion field in a reverse axial direction to a fusion ignition condition;

in the figure: 1. a magnetic throat coil; a theta coil; 3. a quartz tube; 4. a high-speed plasmoid generator array; 5. a background magnetic field coil; 6. an internal fast reaction coil; 7. initially formed field inversion shapes; 8. a field inversion shape transmitted to the central region; 9. colliding the fused field inversion shapes; 10. high-speed plasmoid ejected by the high-speed plasmoid generator; 11. a plasma propulsion layer; 12. a field inversion shape to achieve fusion ignition conditions; 13. a combustion chamber.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.

As shown in FIG. 1, the axial compression fusion device based on the field inversion plasma of the invention comprises a main body part: a magnetic throat coil 1, a theta coil 2, a quartz tube 3, a high-speed plasma group generator array 4, a background magnetic field coil 5, an internal fast reaction coil 6 and a combustion chamber 13.

In this embodiment, the initially formed field inversion 7 is formed in the formation region (inside the quartz tube 3) at both ends, and the specific steps are injecting a certain proportion of deuterium-tritium gas to the vicinity of the quartz tube wall by using a pulse gas injection valve, and then adopting the anti-field theta pinch technique (FRT)P) forming FRC, selecting 20cm radius of the quartz tube 3, arranging and installing theta coils tightly close to the quartz tube, setting the length of the quartz tube 3 and the length of the theta coils at 3-4 m, and generating plasma density at 2e21-2e22m^-3The FRC with ion temperature of 200-300eV and elongation ratio of more than 10 adopts dynamic loading to increase the transmission speed to 200-600 km/s.

In the embodiment, the background transmission magnetic field is generated by the background magnetic field coil 5 and the internal fast reaction coil 6 together, the background transmission magnetic field can be adjusted to be about 0.3-0.4T, and the magnetic lines of force are kept in a straight state during FRC transmission.

In this embodiment, the density of field inversion patterns 8 transmitted to the central region is 1-5 × 10²⁰m^-3Temperature of 200-300eV, new FRC formed after collision fusion, radius of field inversion shape 9 after collision fusion is 25-35cm, density is 1-5 × 10²⁰m^-3The temperature is 500-800eV, and the elongation ratio is 8-10.

In this embodiment, the high-speed plasmoid generator array 4 is composed of 120 high-speed plasmoid generators, the 120 high-speed plasmoid generators account for half of the high-speed plasmoid generators at the left and right ends of the device respectively, the kinetic energy of the high-speed plasmoid 10 ejected by each high-speed plasmoid generator is 100 kilojoules, and the total initial kinetic energy is 12 megajoules.

In this embodiment, the compression process can be approximately calculated by the adiabatic compression model, and the technical parameters are as follows:

as shown in fig. 2, the method of the present invention includes the following steps:

the first step is as follows: as shown in fig. 2 (a), a background direct current magnetic field is started, a magnetic field of about 0.3-0.4T is generated in a vacuum chamber, a pulse gas injection valve is opened, deuterium-tritium gas with a certain proportion is injected into a quartz tube area, after 3-5ms, magnetic throat coils at two ends of a theta coil are started after the gas is uniformly filled in a source area, then the theta coil 2 starts to discharge, the discharge sequence is that firstly a bias magnetic field is generated, then a high-frequency oscillation current is superposed on the bias magnetic field, a strong circumferential electric field is induced in the quartz tube, the deuterium-tritium gas is well ionized, in the step, an external auxiliary ionization measure can be adopted to ensure that the ionization is more sufficient (for example, a plasma gun is introduced to generate plasma or a radio frequency source is used for auxiliary ionization), the generated plasma freezes an initial bias magnetic field, finally a main compression field is started, and the main field which quickly climbs to compress the reserved magnetic flux and plasma acutely, the magnetic throats at the two ends are used for preventing the magnetic force lines from tearing and reconnection, so that the magnetic force lines can be controllably reconnected at the tail end of the quartz tube, after the magnetic field reconnection is completed, an FRC (field-replaceable resistor) closed magnetic force line structure is formed, meanwhile, a main field adopts a dynamic loading mode, a stronger magnetic field gradient is formed in a source region, and under the magnetic field gradient, an initially formed field inversion shape 7 starts to accelerate, is separated from the source region, and is transmitted towards a central region along the magnetic force lines at a high speed.

The second step is that: as shown in fig. 2 (b), two high-speed transmission field inversion patterns are collided and fused at the center, after a few alfen times, the collided and fused field inversion pattern 9 is formed, and at the same time, the fast reaction coil 6 in the similar conical chamber area is started to generate a reverse magnetic field to disperse originally straight magnetic lines of force in the similar conical chamber area to a proper angle, and at the same time, the high-speed plasmoid generator array emits high-speed plasmoids 10, and a plurality of plasmoids have extremely high momentum density and move towards the center in an inclined manner.

The third step: as shown in fig. 2 (c), a plurality of plasma clusters form a plasma propulsion layer 11, the plasma propulsion layer compresses the target FRC, propels the FRC, axial compression starts, and simultaneously, a magnetic field coil which is close to the interior of the central combustion chamber and reacts rapidly injects redundant magnetic flux, so that the magnetic field of the source region is gradually enhanced to about 10T, and severe radial expansion after the field inversion is compressed axially is prevented, and the radius of the separation line of the FRC is kept unchanged basically due to the enhanced magnetic field in the process.

The fourth step: as shown in fig. 2 (d), the plasma propulsion layer 11 continuously consumes the self kinetic energy to provide energy for the compressed target plasma, the plasma propulsion layer continuously decelerates, the center target FRC is continuously compressed, the density temperature gradually rises, when the compression is carried out to the end, a flat field inversion shape 12 reaching the fusion ignition condition is formed in the combustion chamber 13, then the fusion combustion is started under the strong magnetic field constraint, and the fusion energy is continuously released.

The above examples are provided only for the purpose of describing the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims. Various equivalent substitutions and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention, and are intended to be within the scope of the invention.