阅读说明：本技术 无换向装置超导直流电机 (Superconducting DC motor without commutation device ) 是由 董龙飞 董文山 丁薇 于 2021-01-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种无换向装置超导直流电机,包括外壳和贯穿外壳的转轴,转轴上安装有位于外壳内的转子组件,外壳内安装有环转子组件设置的定子组件；定子组件包括超导电枢组件,超导电枢组件的外侧设置有超导屏蔽罩,超导屏蔽罩的外周壁上设置有向所述超导电枢组件凸出的V型槽,所述超导屏蔽罩上设置有第一冷却回路,所述外壳上设置有与所述第一冷却回路连通的第一冷却端口；超导电枢组件中感应的是直流电流,转子组件中通过的也是直流电流,因此,超导电枢组件和转子组件中没有交流损耗,这不仅提高了超导电机的机械效率,降低了制造超导电机的难度,减少了制造成本和运行成本,还扩大了选择超导线材的范围。(The invention discloses a superconducting direct current motor without a reversing device, which comprises a shell and a rotating shaft penetrating through the shell, wherein a rotor component positioned in the shell is arranged on the rotating shaft, and a stator component arranged on a ring rotor component is arranged in the shell; the stator assembly comprises a superconducting armature assembly, a superconducting shielding cover is arranged on the outer side of the superconducting armature assembly, a V-shaped groove protruding towards the superconducting armature assembly is formed in the peripheral wall of the superconducting shielding cover, a first cooling loop is arranged on the superconducting shielding cover, and a first cooling port communicated with the first cooling loop is formed in the shell; direct current is induced in the superconducting armature assembly, and direct current also passes through the rotor assembly, so that no alternating current loss exists in the superconducting armature assembly and the rotor assembly, the mechanical efficiency of the superconducting motor is improved, the difficulty in manufacturing the superconducting motor is reduced, the manufacturing cost and the running cost are reduced, and the range of selecting superconducting wires is expanded.)

1. The superconducting direct current motor without the reversing device comprises a shell and a rotating shaft penetrating through the shell, and is characterized in that: a rotor assembly positioned in the shell is arranged on the rotating shaft, and a stator assembly arranged with the rotor assembly is arranged in the shell;

stator module includes superconductive armature assembly, superconductive armature assembly's the outside is provided with superconductive shield cover, be provided with on the periphery wall of superconductive shield cover to the convex V type groove of superconductive armature assembly, be provided with first cooling circuit on the superconductive shield cover, be provided with on the shell with the first cooling port of first cooling circuit intercommunication.

2. The commutatorless superconducting dc machine of claim 1, wherein: the superconducting armature assembly comprises an armature winding fixing frame, a superconducting armature winding is mounted on the armature winding fixing frame, and superconducting shielding rings are arranged on two sides of the superconducting armature winding; and a second cooling circuit is arranged on the outer side of the superconducting armature assembly and communicated with the first cooling circuit.

3. The commutatorless superconducting dc machine of claim 2, wherein: and a vacuum cavity is arranged in the armature winding fixing frame.

4. The commutatorless superconducting dc machine of claim 1, wherein: the rotor subassembly is including installing the epaxial excitation winding mount of changeing, install a plurality of rings on the excitation winding mount the magnetic pole that pivot circumference distributes and axial extension, all the magnetic distribution of magnetic pole is the same, install the superconductive excitation winding on the magnetic pole, adjacent two between the magnetic pole install the edge on the excitation winding mount the superconductive shielding area of pivot axial extension, the outside of rotor subassembly is provided with third cooling circuit, third cooling circuit ring the rotor subassembly sets up.

5. The commutatorless superconducting direct current machine of claim 4, wherein: the rotating shaft is provided with a torque transmission barrel located on the outer side of the rotor assembly, and the third cooling circuit is located between the rotor assembly and the torque transmission barrel.

6. The commutatorless superconducting direct current machine of claim 5, wherein: rotor superconducting shielding disks are arranged on two sides of the rotor assembly, the rotating shaft is a hollow shaft, the superconducting shielding disks are installed in an inner cavity of the rotating shaft and located on two sides of the rotor assembly, a fourth cooling loop is arranged on the superconducting shielding disks, and a second cooling port communicated with the fourth cooling loop is arranged on the rotating shaft; the inner cavity of the rotating shaft is a vacuum inner cavity.

7. The commutatorless superconducting dc machine of claim 6, wherein: the third cooling circuit is in communication with the fourth cooling circuit.

8. The commutatorless superconducting direct current machine of claim 4, wherein: the inner cavity enclosed by the shell and the rotating shaft is a vacuum inner cavity.

9. A commutatorless superconducting direct current machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the rotor assembly comprises a permanent magnet arranged on the rotating shaft, and magnetic yokes arranged on two sides of the stator assembly are arranged on the rotating shaft.

10. A commutatorless superconducting direct current machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the stator assembly also includes a vacuum inner housing in which the stator assembly is mounted.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a superconducting motor, in particular to a superconducting direct current motor without a reversing device.

Background

Because of the high current carrying and zero resistance characteristics of the superconducting material, the superconducting winding can significantly improve the working performance of the motor. The superconducting motor is a motor applying a superconducting winding, and may be a motor applying a superconducting wire only on a direct-current excitation winding, or a motor applying a superconducting wire on both a direct-current excitation winding and an alternating-current armature winding. However, the superconducting wire generates ac loss under the condition of alternating electromagnetic, so that the feasibility of the superconducting motor is reduced, and the running cost is increased, therefore, most superconducting generators and superconducting motors are semi-superconducting motors in which the superconducting wire is applied to only the dc excitation winding provided on the rotor, and the conventional wire is applied to the ac armature winding provided on the stator.

In 1831, faraday discovered the law of electromagnetic induction, and after two years, picoxi (pixii) made a rotating magnetic pole type dc generator by using the relative motion between permanent magnet and coil and a commutator, and through one hundred years of improvement and development, a dc motor with modern structure was formed. At present, direct current motors are widely applied in various fields such as electrolysis, electroplating, electric smelting, ship propulsion, electric rail traction, machining, paper making and the like, however, because of the existence of a commutator (including an electronic commutator), the direct current motors have the advantages of small capacity, high manufacturing cost, short service life and unstable use compared with alternating current motors with the same power, and the application range of the direct current motors is greatly limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a superconducting direct current motor without a reversing device, which has large capacity and high efficiency.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the superconducting direct current motor without the reversing device comprises a shell and a rotating shaft penetrating through the shell, wherein a rotor assembly positioned in the shell is installed on the rotating shaft, and a stator assembly arranged on the rotor assembly is installed in the shell;

stator module includes superconductive armature assembly, superconductive armature assembly's the outside is provided with superconductive shield cover, be provided with on the periphery wall of superconductive shield cover to the convex V type groove of superconductive armature assembly, be provided with first cooling circuit on the superconductive shield cover, be provided with on the shell with the first cooling port of first cooling circuit intercommunication.

As a preferred technical scheme, the superconducting armature assembly comprises an armature winding fixing frame, a superconducting armature winding is mounted on the armature winding fixing frame, and superconducting shielding rings are arranged on two sides of the superconducting armature winding; and a second cooling circuit is arranged on the outer side of the superconducting armature assembly and communicated with the first cooling circuit.

As a preferred technical scheme, a vacuum cavity is arranged in the armature winding fixing frame.

As an optimal technical scheme, the rotor subassembly is including installing the excitation winding mount in the pivot, install a plurality of rings on the excitation winding mount the magnetic pole that pivot circumference distributes and axial extension, all the magnetic distribution of magnetic pole is the same, install superconductive excitation winding on the magnetic pole, adjacent two install the edge on the excitation winding mount between the magnetic pole the superconductive shielding area of pivot axial extension, the outside of rotor subassembly is provided with third cooling circuit, third cooling circuit ring the rotor subassembly sets up.

As a preferable technical solution, a torque transmission cylinder located outside the rotor assembly is installed on the rotating shaft, and the third cooling circuit is located between the rotor assembly and the torque transmission cylinder.

As a preferred technical scheme, rotor superconducting shielding disks are arranged on two sides of the rotor assembly, the rotating shaft is a hollow shaft, the superconducting shielding disks are installed in an inner cavity of the rotating shaft and located on two sides of the rotor assembly, a fourth cooling circuit is arranged on the superconducting shielding disks, and a second cooling port communicated with the fourth cooling circuit is arranged on the rotating shaft; the inner cavity of the rotating shaft is a vacuum inner cavity.

As a preferable mode, the third cooling circuit is in communication with the fourth cooling circuit.

As a preferable technical scheme, an inner cavity formed by the enclosure and the rotating shaft is a vacuum inner cavity.

As a preferable technical solution, the rotor assembly includes a permanent magnet installed on the rotating shaft, and the rotating shaft is provided with magnetic yokes located at both sides of the stator assembly.

As a preferred technical solution, the stator assembly further includes a vacuum inner casing, and the stator assembly is installed in the vacuum inner casing.

By adopting the technical scheme, the superconducting direct current motor without the reversing device comprises a shell and a rotating shaft penetrating through the shell, wherein a rotor component positioned in the shell is installed on the rotating shaft, and a stator component arranged by the rotor component is installed in the shell; the stator assembly comprises a superconducting armature assembly, a superconducting shielding cover is arranged on the outer side of the superconducting armature assembly, a V-shaped groove protruding towards the superconducting armature assembly is formed in the peripheral wall of the superconducting shielding cover, a first cooling loop is arranged on the superconducting shielding cover, and a first cooling port communicated with the first cooling loop is formed in the shell; direct current is induced in the superconducting armature assembly, and direct current also passes through the rotor assembly, so that no alternating current loss exists in the superconducting armature assembly and the rotor assembly, the mechanical efficiency of the superconducting motor is improved, the difficulty in manufacturing the superconducting motor is reduced, the manufacturing cost and the running cost are reduced, and the range of selecting superconducting wires is expanded.

Drawings

The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a rotor assembly according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention;

in the figure: 11-a housing; 12-a rotating shaft; 21-a superconducting shield; 22-a first cooling circuit; 23-a first cooling port; 31-armature winding fixing frame; 32-superconducting armature windings; 33-superconducting shielding ring; 34-a second cooling circuit; 41-magnetic pole; 42-superconducting shielding tape; 51-rotor superconducting shielding disc; 52-a torque transmission cartridge; 53-fourth cooling circuit; 54-a second cooling port; 55-a third cooling circuit; 61-excitation winding fixing frame; 62-a superconducting field winding; 71-a permanent magnet; 72-a magnetic yoke; 73-vacuum inner shell.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples. In the following detailed description, certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described by way of illustration only. Needless to say, a person skilled in the art realizes that the described embodiments can be modified in various different ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, the drawings and description are illustrative in nature and not intended to limit the scope of the claims.

The first embodiment is as follows:

as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the superconducting dc motor without a commutation device includes a housing 11 and a rotating shaft 12 penetrating through the housing 11, wherein a rotor assembly located in the housing 11 is installed on the rotating shaft 12, and a stator assembly provided with the rotor assembly is installed in the housing 11; stator module includes superconductive armature assembly, superconductive armature assembly's the outside is provided with superconductive shield cover 21, be provided with on superconductive shield cover 21's the periphery wall to the convex V type groove of superconductive armature assembly, be provided with first cooling circuit 22 on the superconductive shield cover 21, be provided with on the shell 11 with the first cooling port 23 of first cooling circuit 22 intercommunication.

The superconducting armature assembly comprises an armature winding fixing frame 31, a superconducting armature winding 32 is mounted on the armature winding fixing frame 31, and superconducting shielding rings 33 are arranged on two sides of the superconducting armature winding 32; a second cooling circuit 34 is provided outside the superconducting armature assembly, the second cooling circuit 34 communicating with the first cooling circuit 22. A vacuum cavity is arranged in the armature winding fixing frame 31.

The rotor subassembly is including installing excitation winding mount 61 in pivot 12, install a plurality of rings on the excitation winding mount 61 the magnetic pole 41 that 12 circumference of pivot distributes and axial extension, all the magnetic distribution of magnetic pole 41 is the same, install superconductive excitation winding 62 on the magnetic pole 41, adjacent two between the magnetic pole 41 install the edge on the excitation winding mount 61 the superconductive shielding area 42 of 12 axial extensions of pivot, the outside of rotor subassembly is provided with third cooling circuit 55, third cooling circuit 55 ring the rotor subassembly sets up. A torque transmission barrel 52 is mounted on the rotating shaft 12 and located outside the rotor assembly, and the third cooling circuit 55 is located between the rotor assembly and the torque transmission barrel 52.

Rotor superconducting shielding disks 51 are disposed on both sides of the rotor assembly. The rotating shaft 12 is a hollow shaft, the superconducting shielding disc 51 is installed in an inner cavity of the rotating shaft 12 and located on two sides of the rotor assembly, a fourth cooling loop 53 is arranged on the superconducting shielding disc 51, and a second cooling port 54 communicated with the fourth cooling loop 53 is arranged on the rotating shaft 12; the inner cavity of the rotating shaft 12 is a vacuum inner cavity. An inner cavity enclosed by the shell 11 and the rotating shaft 12 is a vacuum inner cavity. The third cooling circuit 55 communicates with the second cooling port 54 through the fourth cooling circuit 53.

The working principle of the embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the superconducting field winding 62 is sequentially wound on each magnetic pole 41, the superconducting shielding tapes 42 are installed between the magnetic poles 41, so that the magnetic field excited by the magnetic poles 41 extends in the radial direction and has the same polarity, after the cooling system cools, the superconducting field winding 62, the rotor superconducting shielding disk 51, the superconducting shielding tapes 42 installed between the magnetic poles 41, the superconducting shielding cover 21, the superconducting armature winding 32 and the superconducting shielding ring 33 in the vacuum inside the housing 11 are in a superconducting state, and according to the meissner effect, the superconducting field winding 62 inputs the field current to excite the magnetic field shown by the dotted line in fig. 1, that is, the magnetic field returns to the magnetic pole 41 from the magnetic pole 41 along the radial direction between the rotor and the stator through the gap, the superconducting armature winding 32 and the armature winding fixing frame 31 to form a. When the rotating shaft 12 rotates under the action of external torque, a part of the superconducting armature winding 32 which is arranged on the armature winding fixing frame 31 and close to one side of the rotating shaft 12 vertically cuts magnetic lines, and a part of the superconducting armature winding 32 which is far away from one side of the rotating shaft 12 does not vertically cut the magnetic lines, according to the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the electromotive force induced by the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 which is arranged on the armature winding fixing frame 31 and close to one side of the rotating shaft 12 is opposite to the electromotive force induced by the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 which is far away from one side of the rotating shaft 12 in winding direction and different in magnitude, and the former is larger than the latter, so that the superconducting armature winding 32 outputs direct current.

If the superconducting armature winding 32 inputs direct current, because the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 installed on the armature winding fixing frame 31 near the rotating shaft 12 side is perpendicular to the magnetic field excited by the superconducting field winding 62, and the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 far from the rotating shaft 12 side is not perpendicular to the magnetic field excited by the superconducting field winding 62, according to ampere's law, the electromagnetic torque generated by the magnetic field excited by the superconducting field winding 62 to the current-carrying superconducting armature winding 32 near the rotating shaft 12 side is opposite to the electromagnetic torque generated by the magnetic field excited by the superconducting field winding 62 to the current-carrying superconducting armature winding 32 installed far from the rotating shaft 12 side, and the former is larger than the latter, and the rotating shaft 12 rotates because the superconducting armature winding 32 is fixed, which is the working principle of the superconducting direct current motor.

As can be seen from the description of the working principle, direct current is induced (or input) in the superconducting armature winding 32 and direct current is also passed through the superconducting field winding 62 in the embodiment, so that there is no ac loss in the superconducting armature winding 32 and the superconducting field winding 62, which not only improves the mechanical efficiency of the superconducting motor, reduces the difficulty of manufacturing the superconducting motor, reduces the manufacturing cost and the operating cost, but also expands the range of selecting superconducting wires. In addition, during transient periods of operation of the machine, the superconducting field winding 62 is less affected by electromagnetic jumps in the superconducting armature winding 32, and thus no electromagnetic shielding is required between the superconducting armature winding 32 and the superconducting field winding 62. In the embodiment, the superconducting shielding cover 21 is adopted to shield the magnetic field and change the trend of the magnetic force lines, and the excitation winding and the armature winding both use superconducting wires, so that the weight and the volume of the superconducting motor are greatly reduced. In a word, compared with a direct current motor with a modern structure, the direct current motor has the advantages of large capacity, high power density, high efficiency, small volume, simple manufacture, low manufacturing cost, reliable use, stable operation, good performance of output direct current, easy control and wide application range.

In this embodiment, a plurality of superconducting field windings 62 and corresponding superconducting armature windings 32 and superconducting shields 21 may be added along the axial direction of the rotating shaft 12 to increase the capacity of the motor.

When the superconducting armature winding is used as a generator in the embodiment, each superconducting armature winding 32 can be used as a plurality of power supplies to output electric energy, and can also be connected with other superconducting armature windings 32 in series or in parallel to form a plurality of power supplies to output electric energy. And a step-up transformer can be omitted, and direct current can be directly output.

When the motor is used as a motor, the speed regulation performance is good, the range is wide, the control is simple, the stepless speed regulation is easy to realize, the overload capacity is strong, the mechanical property is excellent, the noise is low, the energy consumption is low, the use is stable and reliable, and the application range is wide.

In this embodiment, the stator assembly may be rotated around the shaft, and the rotor assembly may be used as a generator or a motor without moving.

In this embodiment, the casing 11 has a dewar structure in which a heat shield tube and a vacuum layer are provided, the vacuum layer suppresses heat conduction through air, the heat shield tube suppresses radiant heat from the normal temperature outer cylinder, the armature winding holder 31 and the casing 11 are made of stainless steel, both ends of the rotating shaft 12 are made of nonmagnetic steel, the superconducting armature winding 32 is made of a high temperature superconducting material YBCO/Ag, the superconducting shield ring 33, the superconducting shield cover 21, the rotor superconducting shield disk 51, and the superconducting shield tape 42 are made of YBCO and stainless steel, the cooling system uses liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant, and both the stator assembly and the rotor assembly are in vacuum.

Example two:

as shown in fig. 3, the rotor assembly includes a permanent magnet 71 mounted on the rotating shaft 12, and yokes 72 located at both sides of the stator assembly are disposed on the rotating shaft 12. The stator assembly also includes a vacuum inner housing 73, and the stator assembly is mounted within the vacuum inner housing 73.

The working principle of the embodiment is that after the cooling system is cooled, the superconducting shielding ring 33, the superconducting armature winding 32 and the superconducting shielding cover 21 in vacuum in the vacuum inner shell 73 are in a superconducting state, and according to the meissner effect, the permanent magnet 71 excites a magnetic field as shown by a dotted line in fig. 3, that is, the magnetic field returns to the permanent magnet 71 from the permanent magnet along the radial direction through an air gap between the stator assembly and the rotor assembly, the superconducting armature winding 32, the armature winding fixing frame 31 and the magnetic yoke 72, so as to form a closed magnetic flux. When the rotating shaft 12 rotates under the action of external torque, a part of the superconducting armature winding 32 which is arranged on the armature winding fixing frame 31 and close to one side of the rotating shaft 12 vertically cuts magnetic lines, and a part of the superconducting armature winding 32 which is far away from one side of the rotating shaft 12 does not vertically cut the magnetic lines, according to the Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, the electromotive force induced by the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 which is arranged on the armature winding fixing frame 31 and close to one side of the rotating shaft 12 is opposite to the electromotive force induced by the part of the superconducting armature winding 32 which is far away from one side of the rotating shaft 12 in winding direction and different in magnitude, and the former is larger than the latter, so that the superconducting armature winding 32 outputs direct current.

When the superconducting armature winding 32 inputs a direct current, because a part of the superconducting armature winding 32 mounted on the armature winding fixing frame 31 on the side close to the rotating shaft 12 is perpendicular to the magnetic field excited by the permanent magnet 71, and a part of the superconducting armature winding 32 mounted on the side far from the rotating shaft 12 is not perpendicular to the magnetic field excited by the permanent magnet 71, according to ampere's law, the electromagnetic torque generated by the magnetic field excited by the permanent magnet 71 to a part of the current-carrying superconducting armature winding 32 mounted on the armature winding fixing frame 31 on the side close to the rotating shaft 12 is opposite in direction and different in magnitude from the electromagnetic torque generated by the magnetic field excited by the permanent magnet 71 to a part of the current-carrying superconducting armature winding 32 mounted on the side far from the rotating shaft 12, the former is larger than the latter, and the rotating shaft 12 rotates because the superconducting armature winding 32.

In this embodiment, the vacuum inner casing 73 has a dewar structure in which a heat shield tube and a vacuum layer are provided, the vacuum layer suppresses heat conduction through air, the heat shield tube suppresses radiant heat from the normal temperature outer casing, the armature winding holder 31 and the outer casing 11 are made of stainless steel, the yoke 72 is made of magnetic steel, both ends of the rotating shaft 12 are made of nonmagnetic steel, the superconducting armature winding 32 is made of high temperature superconducting material YBCO/Ag, the superconducting shield ring 33 and the superconducting shield 21 are made of YBCO and stainless steel, the cylindrical permanent magnet 71 which is radially magnetized by radiation is made of neodymium iron boron, the polarities of magnetic fields excited on the inner and outer surfaces thereof are opposite, the cooling system uses liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant, and the stator assembly inside the vacuum inner casing 73 is in vacuum.

In the embodiment, the permanent magnet 71 excites the magnetic field, so that complex technologies such as a sealed bearing, rotary infusion and the like are avoided, liquid nitrogen is used as a refrigerant, the manufacturing cost and the operating cost of the motor are greatly reduced, and the motor has no reversing device and excellent speed regulation performance, so that the motor has a wide application range.

In the present embodiment, a cryostat, a cooling loop pipe, and the like are known techniques, and detailed description thereof is omitted.

The foregoing shows and describes the general principles, essential features, and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.