阅读说明：本技术 用于内燃机的电激活阀致动器 (Electrically activated valve actuator for an internal combustion engine ) 是由 马茨·海德曼 于 2019-07-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明关于一种用于电控制两冲程或四冲程内燃机中的阀致动器的方法和装置,其中所述致动器包括：螺线管(A)、柱塞(5)和弹簧(6),其中所述内燃机具有至少一个汽缸(1),所述气缸(1)具有至少一个可自由控制的内燃机阀,所述阀具有带对应阀杆(11)的阀盘(10)和阀弹簧(4),其中在所述柱塞的下部端与所述阀杆的上部端之间设置距离(7),且其中通过所述汽缸中的至少一个通道(2),经过具有所述阀盘的所述阀杆的下部部分,空气被供应到燃烧室(3),或从燃烧室(3)抽空废气,其中所述阀致动器可激活以打开所述内燃机阀。本发明特征在于,在所述螺线管的被激活后,所述内燃机阀开始所述打开,其中所述柱塞的跟随加速度使其下部端撞击所述阀杆的所述上部端,以用于所述阀初始打开。(The present invention relates to a method and a device for electrically controlling a valve actuator in a two-stroke or four-stroke internal combustion engine, wherein the actuator comprises: a solenoid (a), a plunger (5) and a spring (6), wherein the internal combustion engine has at least one cylinder (1), the cylinder (1) having at least one freely controllable engine valve, the valve having a valve disc (10) with a corresponding valve stem (11) and a valve spring (4), wherein a distance (7) is provided between a lower end of the plunger and an upper end of the valve stem, and wherein air is supplied to a combustion chamber (3) or exhaust gases are evacuated from the combustion chamber (3) through at least one passage (2) in the cylinder, through a lower portion of the valve stem with the valve disc, wherein the valve actuator is activatable to open the engine valve. The invention is characterized in that the engine valve starts the opening after activation of the solenoid, wherein the following acceleration of the plunger causes its lower end to strike the upper end of the valve stem for the initial opening of the valve.)

1. A method for electrically controlling a valve actuator in a two-stroke or four-stroke internal combustion engine, wherein the actuator comprises: a solenoid (A), a plunger (5) and a spring (6), wherein the spring (6) of the actuator holds the plunger in a home position when the solenoid is not activated, wherein the internal combustion engine has at least one cylinder (1), the cylinder (1) having at least one freely controllable engine valve having a valve disc (10) with a corresponding valve stem (11) and a valve spring (4), wherein a distance is provided between a lower end of the plunger and an upper end of the valve stem, and wherein air is supplied to a combustion chamber (3) or exhaust gases are evacuated from the combustion chamber (3) through at least one passage (2) in the cylinder via a lower part of the valve stem having the valve disc, wherein the valve actuator is activatable to open the engine valve, characterized in that,

after the solenoid is activated, the engine valve starts the opening, wherein the following acceleration of the plunger has its lower end hitting the upper end of the valve stem for the initial opening of the valve, and the plunger continues to move until interrupted when the plunger reaches its stop in the solenoid, and the engine valve continues the opening movement until the valve spring force stops the movement, whereby the engine valve starts its reset towards the valve seat.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein said upper end of said valve stem reaches said lower end of said plunger before said engine valve reaches said valve seat, thereby causing arresting of said closing movement of said engine valve.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the solenoid is activated during a short adaptation time to brake the movement of the engine valve to achieve a soft reset to the valve seat before the engine valve reaches the valve seat.

4. A device for electrically controlling a valve actuator in a two-stroke or four-stroke internal combustion engine and for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that the internal combustion engine valve is configured to open initially after the solenoid is activated, whereby the following acceleration of the plunger has its lower end hitting the upper end of the valve stem for the initial opening of the valve, wherein the plunger is arranged to continue its movement until interrupted when the plunger reaches its stop in the solenoid, and wherein the internal combustion engine valve is configured to continue its opening movement until a valve spring force stops the movement, whereby the internal combustion engine valve starts its reset towards the valve seat.

5. A device according to claim 4, characterized in that a short mechanical spring (4) is arranged in the space of an outer mechanical spring (9), wherein the short mechanical spring (4) has a substantially higher spring constant than the outer mechanical spring (9).

6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the short mechanical spring (4) is substantially stiffer and has a substantially higher spring constant than the outer mechanical spring (9).

7. An arrangement according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that a spring washer (8) is arranged to hit the short mechanical spring (4) for receiving kinetic energy of the engine valve to the spring (4) for braking and transforming the movement into a closing movement.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for controlling and regulating the gas flow in a two-stroke or four-stroke internal combustion engine in a freely controllable, electrically activated valve actuator.

Background

Freely controllable valves allow for increased efficiency and generally lower emissions, i.e. cleaner exhaust gases. The valve actuator may also be pneumatically or hydraulically activated.

Disclosure of Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new actuator technology. An electrically controlled electromechanical valve actuator which is simple in construction, energy efficient, and which is capable of quickly opening and closing an engine valve in a cylinder head of an internal combustion engine. The object is achieved by the invention by the features specified in the patent claims.

The technique involves the use of a solenoid and an engine valve spring which, in a conventional manner, keeps the valve closed and when the engine valve is to be opened, the so-called "hammer effect" is used.

A known problem when using solenoids for opening engine valves is that they need to be strong to overcome the force of a mechanical spring, the engine valve spring, which keeps the valve closed. One disadvantage of high strength is that the plunger, which will overcome the closing force of the engine valve spring, becomes large and bulky. The weight of the plunger and valve spring, together with the force of the valve spring, prevents the possibility of short durations (i.e., short times from closing the valve until it is fully opened and then closed again). The invention is characterized in that during said duration, the mass of the core is probably not contained. Since the core is probably not part of the movement of the engine valve, a significantly shorter duration is achieved. The technique uses the weight of the iron core and turns the known disadvantages into advantages-the "hammer effect".

Drawings

The invention will now be described with reference to the illustrated embodiment, in which fig. 1 to 14 schematically illustrate an embodiment in which a computer-based internal combustion engine control system or the like having the required sensors for detecting crank angle and electronics for reading crank angle and controlling the required solenoids is considered to be already present and therefore need not be illustrated. Furthermore, there is no need to demonstrate any spark plugs or fuel injectors, and this applies to the combustion chamber enclosed by the cylinder walls and the piston.

Fig. 1 shows the initial position at the switched-off internal combustion engine and by a partial cut-away from the side of the cylinder head 1, with a channel 2 for supplying air to the combustion chamber 3 or evacuating exhaust gases from the combustion chamber 3, with or without fuel, through a conventional valve disc 10. The engine valve consists of a valve disk with a valve stem 11. The engine valve is kept closed in a conventional manner using a spring 4, and a conventional spring washer 8 holds the spring in place with a certain pretension. Also shown is a solenoid a having an iron core or plunger 5. When solenoid a is not activated, spring 6 retains plunger 5 in the home position. There is a distance 7, also referred to as an acceleration distance, between the upper end of the valve stem 11 and the lower end of the plunger 5. Although not illustrated in the figures, it should be understood that the plunger has a large mass. When the plunger is fully or partially present in the solenoid, the portion of the plunger in the solenoid is surrounded by a winding of copper wire. When electricity is fed to the windings, a magnetic field is generated that attracts or repels the plunger. In this case the plunger is attracted by the surrounding magnetic field, but the opposite is also possible while still being within the scope of the invention. The plunger is provided with an existing stop in the solenoid, which is a natural stop, where its force is at a maximum. Although not shown, it is understood that the stop is present.

Fig. 2 shows the engine valve in a still closed position (e.g., prior to starting the engine). The solenoid a has been activated and the plunger 5 has been accelerated at the same time as it moves along the distance 7 to the point where it hits the upper end of the valve stem 11, whereby the kinetic energy of the plunger is almost instantaneously transferred to the valve stem- "hammer effect".

Fig. 3 shows the engine valve at the beginning of the opening movement. The plunger has transferred much of its kinetic energy to the engine valve, which is undergoing heavy acceleration toward the open position. For another short distance, the plunger continues to move until it reaches its natural stop in the solenoid.

Fig. 4 shows the engine valve in a fully open position, in which it is turned. It is obvious that the only moving mass in said phase is the lowest possible mass consisting of the engine valve (with its stem), the spring washer and the spring. The shortest possible duration is achieved. The moving mass of the spring is generally considered to constitute about one third of the weight of the spring.

Fig. 5 shows the engine valve stem before or in the middle of its initial movement towards its initial position to the plunger when the engine valve is to close the passage 2. The short adaptive addition of energy to the solenoid retards the movement of the engine valve, thereby effecting a soft reset to the engine valve seat.

Fig. 6 shows the engine valve returning to its initial position, as shown in fig. 1. However, the plunger is still in contact with the valve stem.

Fig. 7 shows that the plunger also returns to its initial position with the aid from the spring 6.

Fig. 8 to 14 show substantially the same method as fig. 1 to 7, except that the short mechanical spring 4 is arranged in a central space provided inside the outer mechanical spring 9. The spring 4 is substantially stiffer (stronger) and has a substantially greater spring constant than the spring 9, the spring 9 being shown as substantially less stiff (weaker). The purpose of the arrangement is to provide a significantly short duration. When the plunger hits the valve stem (as shown in fig. 9), the distance 7 is eliminated and the engine valve moves at a substantially higher speed than when the corresponding movement occurs according to fig. 2. When the spring washer 8 hits the spring 4, a large part of the kinetic energy of the engine valve is transferred (fig. 11) to the spring 4, which stops the opening movement quickly and converts the movement into a closing movement (fig. 12). The engine valve may be considered to rebound against the spring 4, as demonstrated herein, the spring 4 need not necessarily be constituted by a mechanical spring, but instead may be constituted by another type of spring.

Detailed Description

In a first embodiment of a method for electrically controlling a valve actuator in a two-stroke or four-stroke internal combustion engine, wherein the actuator comprises: a solenoid (A), a plunger (5) and a spring (6), wherein the internal combustion engine has at least one cylinder (1), the cylinder (1) having at least one freely controllable engine valve, the valve having a valve disc (10) with a corresponding valve stem (11) and a valve spring (4), wherein a distance (7) is provided between a lower end of the plunger and an upper end of the valve stem, and wherein air is supplied to a combustion chamber (3) or exhaust gases are evacuated from the combustion chamber (3) through at least one passage (2) in the cylinder through a lower portion of the valve stem with the valve disc, wherein the valve actuator is activatable to open the engine valve, wherein the method is characterized in that, after activation of the solenoid, the engine valve starts the opening, wherein a following acceleration of the plunger causes its lower end to strike the upper end of the valve stem, for initial opening of the valve.

In a second embodiment, a method according to the first embodiment is provided, further characterized in that the plunger continues the movement until interrupted when the plunger reaches its stop in the solenoid, and the engine valve continues the opening movement until the valve spring force stops the movement, whereby the engine valve begins its reset toward the valve seat.

In a third embodiment, a method according to the second embodiment is provided, further characterized in that an upper end of a valve shaft reaches said lower end of said plunger before said engine valve reaches said valve seat, thereby causing braking of said closing movement.

In a fourth embodiment, a method according to the third embodiment is provided, further characterized by activating the solenoid during a short adaptation time to brake the movement of the engine valve before the engine valve reaches the valve seat, such that the valve disc falls in the valve seat at a suitable speed, e.g., a speed high enough to keep the valve seat soot free, while the speed is low enough not to cause excessive wear to the valve disc and the valve seat.

In a first embodiment of a device for electrically controlling a valve actuator in a two-stroke or four-stroke internal combustion engine and for performing the method according to the first embodiment of the method, the device is characterized in that the internal combustion engine valve is configured to initially open upon activation of the solenoid, whereby a following acceleration of the plunger causes its lower end to strike the upper end of the valve stem for initial opening of the valve.

In a second embodiment, a device according to the first embodiment is provided, further characterized in that a short mechanical spring (4) is arranged in the space of the outer mechanical spring (9), wherein the spring (4) has a substantially higher spring constant than the spring (9).

In a third embodiment, there is provided the apparatus according to the first embodiment, further characterized in that the spring (4) is substantially stiffer and has a substantially higher spring constant than the spring (9).

In a fourth embodiment, an arrangement according to the second or third embodiment is provided, further characterized in that a spring washer (8) is arranged to hit the spring (4) for receiving kinetic energy of the engine valve to the spring (4) for braking and transforming the movement into a closing movement.

The invention is not limited to the described embodiments but may be modified within the scope of the appended claims. The above-described embodiments may furthermore be combined in any manner.