阅读说明：本技术 可切换双向自由轮耦联装置和具有耦联装置的机动车驱动装置 (Switchable bidirectional freewheel coupling and motor vehicle drive having a coupling ) 是由 U·奥内穆斯 M·艾特泽尔 S·利伯特 于 2019-09-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于至少暂时抗扭地连接至少两个构件(3、4)的耦联装置(1),其具有设置在构件(3、4)之中的第一构件上的至少一个第一凹槽(6)、与第二构件(4)连接并且能在至少一个第一阻止位置与至少一个第一释放位置之间运动的至少一个第一阻止元件(7)以及至少一个第一操纵元件(10),第一操纵元件具有用于第一阻止元件(7)的至少一个第一通孔(11)并且能在将第一阻止元件(7)保持在第一释放位置中的至少一个第一解耦位置与允许第一阻止元件(7)从第一释放位置运动到第一阻止位置中的至少一个第一耦联位置之间相对于第一阻止元件(7)运动,第一阻止元件在第一释放位置中完全设置在第一凹槽(6)之外并且在第一阻止位置中在穿透第一通孔(11)的情况下嵌入第一凹槽(6)中,以便由此使构件(3、4)在第一转动方向(30)上抗扭地相互连接。为了使构件(3、4)在与第一转动方向(30)相反的第二转动方向(16)上暂时抗扭地相互连接,在第一构件(3)的相对置的侧上设置至少一个第二凹槽(14)、与第二构件(4)连接的至少一个第二阻止元件(15)和具有至少一个第二通孔(19)的至少一个第二操纵元件(18)。(The invention relates to a coupling device (1) for connecting at least two components (3, 4) in a rotationally fixed manner at least temporarily, comprising at least one first recess (6) arranged on a first of the components (3, 4), at least one first blocking element (7) connected to a second component (4) and movable between at least one first blocking position and at least one first release position, and at least one first actuating element (10) which has at least one first through-opening (11) for the first blocking element (7) and is movable relative to the first blocking element (7) between at least one first decoupling position, in which the first blocking element (7) is held in the first release position, and at least one first coupling position, in which the first blocking element (7) is allowed to move from the first release position into the first blocking position, the first blocking element is arranged completely outside the first recess (6) in the first release position and engages in the first recess (6) in the first blocking position, penetrating the first through-opening (11), in order to thereby connect the components (3, 4) to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in the first direction of rotation (30). In order to connect the components (3, 4) to one another in a temporarily rotationally fixed manner in a second direction of rotation (16) opposite to the first direction of rotation (30), at least one second recess (14), at least one second blocking element (15) connected to the second component (4) and at least one second actuating element (18) having at least one second through-opening (19) are provided on opposite sides of the first component (3).)

1. A coupling device (1) for connecting at least two components (3, 4) in a rotationally fixed manner at least temporarily, having at least one first recess (6) to be arranged on a first of the components (3, 4), having at least one first blocking element (7) which can be connected to a second component (4) and which can be moved between at least one first blocking position and at least one first release position, and having at least one first actuating element (10) which has at least one first through-opening (11) for the first blocking element (7) and can be moved relative to the first blocking element (7) between at least one first decoupling position in which the first blocking element (7) is held in the first release position and at least one first coupling position in which the first blocking element (7) is allowed to move from the first release position into the first blocking position (S) 7) -a movement, in which the first blocking element is arranged completely outside the first recess (6) in a first release position and engages in the first recess (6) in the first blocking position with penetration of the first through-opening (11) in order to thereby connect the components (3, 4) to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in a first direction of rotation (30), characterized in that:

-at least one second groove (14) to be provided on the first member (3);

-at least one second blocking element (15) connectable to the second member (4) and movable between at least one second blocking position and at least one second release position; and

at least one second actuating element (18) which has at least one second through-opening (19) for the second blocking element (15) and is movable relative to the second blocking element (15) between at least one second decoupling position, which holds the second blocking element (15) in the second release position, and at least one second coupling position, which allows the second blocking element (15) to move from the second release position into the second blocking position, the second blocking element is arranged completely outside the recess (6, 14) in the second release position and engages in the second recess (14) in the second blocking position upon penetrating the second through-opening (19), in order to thereby connect the components (3, 4) to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in a second direction of rotation (16) opposite to the first direction of rotation (30).

2. Coupling (1) according to claim 1, wherein the actuating elements (10, 18) are connected to each other and are thereby jointly movable between a respective coupling position and a respective decoupling position.

3. Coupling (1) according to claim 2, wherein an actuator (22) common to the actuating elements (10, 18) is provided, by means of which the actuating elements (10, 18) are jointly movable between the respective coupling position and the respective decoupling position.

4. Coupling (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first blocking element (7) is arranged completely outside the second recess (14) in the first release position.

5. A coupling device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the recesses (6, 14) are arranged on mutually opposite sides (23, 24).

6. A coupling (1) according to claim 5, wherein the first recess (6) opens in a first direction (25) and the second recess (14) opens in a second direction (26) opposite to the first direction (25).

7. A coupling device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the blocking elements (7, 15) are arranged on opposite sides (23, 24).

8. Coupling (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling (1) has a first operating state (Z1) in which the actuating elements (10, 18) are simultaneously in the respective decoupling position, so that the blocking elements (7, 15) are simultaneously held in the respective release position by means of the actuating elements (10, 18).

9. Coupling (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling (1) has a second operating state (Z2) in which the first actuating element (10) is in the first decoupling position and the second actuating element (18) is in the second coupling position, so that the first blocking element (7) is in the first release position and the second blocking element (15) is in the second blocking position.

10. Coupling (1) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the coupling (1) has a third operating state (Z3) in which the actuating elements (10, 18) are simultaneously located in the respective coupling positions, so that the blocking elements (7, 15) are simultaneously located in the respective blocking positions.

11. A drive (2) for a motor vehicle, having at least one first component (3), having at least one second component (4) and having at least one coupling (1) for connecting the components (3, 4) in a rotationally fixed manner at least temporarily, wherein the coupling (1) has:

-at least one first groove (6) provided on the first member (3);

-at least one first blocking element (7) connected to the second member (4) and movable between at least one first blocking position and at least one first release position; and

at least one first actuating element (10) which has at least one first through-opening (11) for the first blocking element (7) and which is movable relative to the first blocking element (7) between at least one first decoupling position, in which the first blocking element (7) is held in a first release position, and at least one first coupling position, in which the first blocking element (7) is allowed to move from the first release position into a first blocking position, which first blocking element is arranged completely outside the first recess (6) in the first release position and engages in the first recess (6) in the first blocking position in the case of penetration of the first through-opening (11), the components (3, 4) thereby being connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in a first direction of rotation (30),

the method is characterized in that:

-at least one second groove (14) provided on the first member (3);

-at least one second blocking element (15) connected to the second member (4) and movable between at least one second blocking position and at least one second release position; and

-at least one second actuating element (18) which has at least one second through-opening (19) for a second blocking element (15) and which is movable relative to the second blocking element (15) between at least one second decoupling position, in which the second blocking element (15) is held in a second release position, and at least one second coupling position, in which the second blocking element (15) is allowed to move from the second release position into a second blocking position, which second blocking element is arranged completely outside the recess (6, 14) in the second release position and engages in the second recess (14) in the second blocking position with penetration of the second through-opening (19), the components (3, 4) thereby being connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in a second direction of rotation (16) opposite to the first direction of rotation (30).

12. Drive arrangement (2) according to claim 11, characterized in that the second member (4) is a housing (4) and the first member (3) is a shaft (3), in particular a shaft of a transmission, at least partly accommodated in the housing (4).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a coupling device, in particular for a drivetrain of a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a drive for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Background

Such a coupling device for connecting at least two components in a rotationally fixed manner at least temporarily and such a drive for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle, are known, for example, from WO 2017/091433 a 1. The coupling device can be used, for example, as a freewheel, in particular as a switchable freewheel, and has at least one first recess which is or is to be arranged on a first of the components. The coupling device also has at least one first blocking element which is connected or connectable to the second component and which can be moved between at least one first blocking position and at least one first release position, in particular relative to the second component.

Furthermore, the coupling device comprises at least one first actuating element having at least one first through-opening for the first blocking element. The first actuating element is movable relative to the first blocking element between at least one first decoupling position, which holds the first blocking element in the first release position, and at least one first coupling position, which allows the first blocking element to move from the first release position into the first blocking position. The first blocking element is arranged completely outside the first recess in the first release position and is therefore not embedded in the recess in the first release position. In the first blocking position, the first blocking element penetrates the first through opening, so that in the first blocking position the first blocking element engages in the first recess while penetrating the first through opening. The components are thereby connected or connectable to each other in a rotationally fixed manner in the first direction of rotation.

Such a coupling is furthermore known from WO 2014/110319 a 1.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a coupling and a drive of the type mentioned at the outset, so that a particularly advantageous operation can be achieved.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a coupling device having the features of claim 1 and by a drive device having the features of claim 11. The measures of the dependent claims represent advantageous embodiments of the invention.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a coupling device for connecting at least two components, in particular at least two components of a drivetrain or a drive of a motor vehicle, in a rotationally fixed manner at least temporarily. The coupling device has at least one first recess which is or is to be arranged on a first of the components. For example, the first recess is connected or connectable in a rotationally fixed manner to the first component. The coupling device also has at least one first blocking element, which is connected or connectable to the second component. The first blocking element can be moved, in particular pivoted, between at least one first blocking position and at least one first release position, in particular relative to the second component. Furthermore, the coupling device comprises at least one first actuating element having at least one first through-opening for the first blocking element. The first actuating element can be moved, in particular rotated, relative to the first blocking element between at least one first decoupling position, which holds the first blocking element in the first release position, and at least one first coupling position, which allows the first blocking element to be moved from the first release position into the first blocking position.

In other words, in the first release position, the first actuating element holds or fixes the first blocking element in the first release position, wherein the first blocking element is arranged completely outside the first recess in the first release position and therefore does not engage in the first recess.

The first actuating element allows the first blocking element to move from the release position into the blocking position if the first actuating element is moved from the decoupling position into the coupling position. In other words, the first blocking element is then moved from the release position into a blocking position, in which it penetrates the first through opening and engages in the first recess. In other words, the first blocking element engages in the first recess in the first blocking position, penetrating the first through-opening, so that the components are connected or connectable to each other in a rotationally fixed manner in the first rotational direction by means of the first blocking element. Thus, if, for example, the first actuating element is in the coupling position, the first blocking element is in the first blocking position, so that the components are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in the first rotational direction and therefore cannot be rotated relative to one another in the first rotational direction.

In order to now be able to achieve a particularly advantageous and particularly efficient and therefore low-energy-consumption, in particular low-fuel-consumption, operation of the aforementioned drive or drivetrain, according to the invention the coupling device has at least one second recess which is arranged, in particular rotationally fixed, or is to be arranged on the first component. For example, the second recess is connected or connectable to the first component in a rotationally fixed manner.

Furthermore, according to the invention, the coupling device has at least one second blocking element which is connected or connectable to the second component and which can be moved, in particular pivoted, between at least one second blocking position and at least one second release position, in particular relative to the second component. Furthermore, according to the invention, the coupling device has at least one second actuating element with at least one second passage opening for the second blocking element. The second actuating element is movable relative to the second blocking element between at least one second decoupling position, which holds the second blocking element in the second release position, and at least one second coupling position, which allows the second blocking element to be moved from the second release position into the second blocking position. In other words, the second actuating element holds or fixes the second blocking element in the second decoupling position in the second release position.

For example, if the second actuating element is moved from the decoupling position into the coupling position, the second actuating element allows the second blocking element to be moved from the second release position into the second blocking position, or the second blocking element is then moved from the second release position into the second blocking position. In this case, the second blocking element is arranged completely outside the recess in the second release position, so that the second blocking element does not engage in the recess in the second release position. However, in the second blocking position, the second blocking element engages in the second recess penetrating the second through-opening. In other words, the second blocking element penetrates the second through-opening in the second blocking position and engages in the second recess, as a result of which the components are connected or connectable in a rotationally fixed manner in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction. The second blocking element is, for example, arranged completely outside the first recess, for example, when the second blocking element penetrates the second through-hole and engages in the second recess in the second blocking position. The first blocking element is, for example, in the first release position, arranged completely outside the recess and therefore does not engage in the recess. For example, the first blocking element is arranged outside the second recess in the first blocking position, when the first blocking element penetrates the first through opening in the first blocking position and engages in the first recess.

Preferably, the first blocking element can be moved from the first blocking position into the first release position by moving, in particular rotating, the first actuating element from the coupling position into the decoupling position. Furthermore, it is preferred that the second blocking element is movable from the second blocking position into the second release position by the second actuating element being moved, in particular rotated, from the second coupling position into the second decoupling position. The respective actuating element is thus, for example, a respective selector plate or a respective selector ring, wherein the respective blocking element can be moved by means of the respective actuating element between the respective release position and the respective blocking position, depending on requirements. In this way, for example, the components can be connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in the first rotational direction and/or the second rotational direction, as required.

For example, if both blocking elements are simultaneously located in the respective release position, the components can be rotated relative to one another, for example, not only in the first rotational direction but also in the second rotational direction. For example, if both blocking elements are located in their respective blocking position at the same time, the components are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner not only in the first rotational direction but also in the second rotational direction. For example, if the first blocking element is in the first blocking position and the second blocking element is in the second release position, the components can be rotated relative to one another, for example, in a second rotational direction, wherein the components are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in the first rotational direction. For example, if the first blocking element is in the first release position and the second blocking element is in the second blocking position, the components can be moved relative to one another, for example, in a first rotational direction, wherein the components are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in a second rotational direction. As a result, particularly on-demand and therefore efficient operation can be achieved. In particular, it is possible for the first blocking element and/or the second blocking element to be held in the respective release position as required, so that, for example, the first component does not come into contact with the respective blocking element located in the release position when a relative rotation between the components in at least one of the rotational directions is desired.

In conventional couplings, for example, no second actuating element is provided. If, for example, the first blocking element is held in the first release position by means of the first actuating element, the coupling device can thereby function, for example, as a freewheel, in particular as a switchable freewheel, which, because, for example, the first blocking element is held in the first release position by means of the first actuating element, allows a relative rotation between the components in a first rotational direction, but prevents a relative rotation between the components in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction, because, for example, the second blocking element can engage, in particular in a spring-loaded manner, in the second recess in order to thereby prevent a relative rotation of the components in the second rotational direction. In this case, however, the second blocking element allows a relative rotation between the components in the first direction of rotation, since, for example, the first component, upon relative rotation with respect to the second component in the first direction of rotation, contacts the second blocking element and slides over it, in particular such that, for example, when the second recess is covered by the second blocking element, the second blocking element temporarily enters the second blocking position and thereby temporarily engages in the second recess, whereas subsequently the second blocking element is moved out of the second recess by the first component and thereby from the second blocking position into the second release position. Conventionally, therefore, contact occurs between the first component and the second blocking element, whereby an unpleasant noise, in particular in the form of a rattling noise, occurs, which is sufficiently known, for example, from conventional freewheel wheels for bicycles. Furthermore, due to the mentioned contact between the first component and the second blocking element, friction generally occurs between the second blocking element and the first component, wherein said friction impairs the efficiency of the coupling and thus of the drive or of the drivetrain as a whole.

Since according to the invention both the first actuating element and the second actuating element are now used, so that the second blocking element can be held in the release position by means of the second actuating element as required, the coupling device according to the invention can be operated depending on the type of freewheel, in particular depending on the type of switchable freewheel, wherein, however, for example, if there is a relative rotation between the components in the first rotational direction, undesired contact between the first component and the second blocking element can be avoided, in particular by holding the second blocking element in the second release position by means of the second actuating element. Therefore, generation of undesirable noise can be avoided. Furthermore, undesired friction between the first component and the second blocking element can be avoided, so that a particularly efficient and advantageous or effective operation can be achieved.

In order to achieve a particularly advantageous and efficient operation, in an advantageous embodiment of the invention it is provided that the actuating elements are connected, in particular rotationally fixed, to one another and are thus jointly movable, in particular rotatable, between a respective coupling position and a respective decoupling position. The common movement or common movability of the actuating elements between the respective coupling position and the respective decoupling position can be understood in particular to mean that the actuating elements are moved or movable due to their connection simultaneously between the respective coupling position and the respective decoupling position. This makes it possible, for example, to keep the adjustment or control effort for the coupling particularly low.

In a further embodiment of the invention, an actuator is provided which is common to the actuating elements, by means of which the actuating elements are moved or can be moved jointly or simultaneously between the respective coupling position and the respective decoupling position. The number of components and the weight, the cost and the installation space requirement of the coupling device can thereby be kept particularly low, since a single actuator for moving the actuating elements, which is common to the actuating elements, is provided for both actuating elements and is sufficient.

In order to achieve an advantageous and efficient operation, in a further embodiment of the invention it is provided that the first blocking element is arranged completely outside the second recess in the first release position.

Another embodiment is characterized in that the recesses are arranged on mutually opposite sides. In this way, for example, the installation space requirement of the coupling, in particular in the axial direction of the component, can be kept particularly low, so that a particularly efficient operation can be achieved. One of the sides is, for example, a first axial end side of the first component, wherein, for example, a second one of the sides is a second axial end side of the first component, wherein the axial end sides face away from each other in the axial direction of the first component.

In order to keep the installation space requirement particularly low, it is preferably provided that the first recess is open or open in a first direction and the second recess is open or open in a second direction opposite to the first direction. The first blocking element can thus be inserted into the first recess, for example, in the second direction, wherein the second blocking element can be inserted into the second recess, for example, in the first direction.

In this case, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the blocking elements are arranged on opposite sides, as a result of which the installation space requirement can be kept particularly low. Preferably, the blocking element and the recess are arranged offset from one another in the first direction of rotation or in the second direction of rotation, as a result of which, in particular, the axial installation space requirement can be kept in a particularly low range.

A further embodiment is characterized in that the coupling has or can be switched into the first operating state. In the first operating state, the actuating elements are simultaneously located in the respective decoupling position, so that the blocking elements are simultaneously held in the respective release position by the actuating elements. The components can thus be rotated relative to one another in the first operating state, for example not only in the first rotational direction but also in the second rotational direction.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the coupling device has a second operating state or can be switched into the second operating state. In the second operating state, the first actuating element is located in the first coupling position and the second actuating element is located in the second coupling position. Thereby, the first blocking element is located in the first release position and the second blocking element is located in the second blocking position.

A further embodiment is characterized in that the coupling has or can be switched into the third operating state. In the third operating state, the actuating elements are simultaneously located in the respective coupling positions, so that the blocking elements are simultaneously located in the respective blocking positions.

In particular, the second operating state can be achieved, for example, in that the through-openings have mutually different lengths or sizes or dimensions extending in the respective direction of rotation, so that, for example, the second blocking element can penetrate the second through-opening and thereby engage in the second recess, while the first blocking element is held in the first release position by means of the first actuating element.

In the respective decoupling position, the respective blocking element is held in the respective release position by means of the respective actuating element, for example, in that the respective blocking element is supported or supportable, in particular in the axial direction of the component, on the respective wall of the respective actuating element.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a drive or drivetrain for a motor vehicle, in particular for a motor vehicle, for example a passenger car. The drive means comprises at least one first member and at least one second member. The drive device furthermore comprises at least one coupling device for connecting the components to one another in a rotationally fixed manner at least temporarily, wherein the coupling device is preferably designed as a coupling device according to the invention according to the first aspect of the invention.

The coupling device has at least one first recess provided on the first component and at least one first blocking element which is connected to the second component and can be moved between at least one first blocking position and at least one first release position. The coupling device furthermore has at least one first actuating element which has at least one first through-opening for the first blocking element and which is movable, in particular rotatable, relative to the first blocking element between at least one first decoupling position, which holds the first blocking element in the first release position, and at least one first coupling position, which allows the first blocking element to be moved from the first release position into the first blocking position. The first blocking element is arranged completely outside the first recess in the first release position. In the first blocking position, the first blocking element engages in the first recess penetrating the first through-opening, whereby the components are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in the first direction of rotation.

In order to now be able to operate the drive device particularly advantageously and particularly efficiently and thus efficiently, it is provided according to the invention that the drive device, in particular the coupling device, has at least one second recess provided on the first component and at least one second blocking element which is connected to the second component and can be moved between at least one second blocking position and at least one second release position. The drive device, in particular the coupling device, furthermore has at least one second actuating element which has at least one second passage opening for the second blocking element and can be moved, in particular rotated, relative to the second blocking element between at least one second decoupling position, in which the second blocking element is held in the second release position, and at least one second coupling position, in which the second blocking element is allowed to move from the second release position into the second blocking position. The second blocking element is arranged completely outside the recess in the second release position. In the second blocking position, the second blocking element engages in the second recess penetrating the second through-opening, whereby the components are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in a second rotational direction opposite to the first rotational direction. Advantages and advantageous embodiments of the first aspect of the invention may be seen as advantages and advantageous embodiments of the second aspect of the invention and vice versa.

Finally, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the second component is a housing and the first component is a shaft, in particular a shaft of a transmission of a drive, which is at least partially accommodated in the housing. The shaft is, for example, a planet carrier or is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to a planet carrier of the planetary gear set. For example, if both blocking elements are located in their respective blocking position at the same time, the shaft, for example, is fixed to the housing in a rotationally fixed manner, so that the shaft cannot rotate relative to the housing. Depending on whether the first blocking element and/or the second blocking element are in the respective blocking position, the shaft can be rotated relative to the housing, for example in the first rotational direction and/or in the second rotational direction, while, for example, the shaft is fixed by means of the coupling device against relative rotation relative to the housing in the second rotational direction or in the first rotational direction. This makes it possible to operate the drive device particularly as required.

Drawings

Further details of the invention emerge from the following description of preferred embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Here:

fig. 1 shows a schematic top view of a coupling according to the invention in a first operating state;

fig. 2 shows a schematic top view of the coupling in a second operating state;

fig. 3 shows a schematic top view of the coupling in a third operating state;

fig. 4 shows a schematic top view of the coupling in each case in sections, wherein a method for operating a motor vehicle drive comprising the coupling is explained with the aid of fig. 4,

fig. 5 in each case shows a schematic top view of a coupling device, wherein the method is explained with the aid of fig. 5;

fig. 6 in each case shows a schematic top view of a coupling device, wherein the method is explained with the aid of fig. 6; and

fig. 7 in each case shows a schematic top view of a coupling device, wherein the method is further explained with the aid of fig. 7.

Detailed Description

In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference symbols.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic top view of a coupling device 1 of a drive 2 of a motor vehicle (in particular a motor vehicle, for example a passenger car), which is also partially visible in fig. 1. A passenger car comprises a drive train by means of which the passenger car can be driven. The drive train comprises a drive 2, which is, for example, a transmission or comprises such a transmission. The transmission is designed, for example, as an automatic transmission, in particular as a converter-automatic transmission. The drive train comprises, for example, at least one drive engine, not visible in the figures, which has an output shaft, for example, in the form of a crankshaft. The drive engine is, for example, designed as an internal combustion engine and, in this case, in particular as a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine and can provide a torque for driving the motor vehicle via its output shaft. The torque is introduced, for example, into the transmission or into the drive 2, whereby the transmission or the drive 2 is driven. In particular, for example, the wheels of the motor vehicle can be driven by the drive 2 and the motor vehicle as a whole can be driven by the drive engine. The respective torque provided by the drive engine is converted into a different torque in relation thereto by means of the drive 2, in particular by means of a transmission, for example. For this purpose, the drive 2, in particular the transmission, for example comprises a plurality of gears or gear steps which differ from one another with respect to their respective transmission ratio.

The respective gear or gear stage can be engaged or activated and disengaged or disengaged, for example. In the context of a gear shift (also referred to as a shift), for example, a first of the gears is disengaged and a second of the gears is activated. For example, in the upshift range, the first gear initially activated is disengaged, while the second gear initially disengaged is activated. For example, in the downshift range, the initially activated second gear is disengaged, while the initially disengaged first gear is activated. The first gear has a first transmission ratio, for example, and the second gear has a second transmission ratio, for example, which is smaller than the first transmission ratio.

The drive 2 comprises a first component in the form of a shaft 3, which is, for example, a planet carrier of a planetary gear set of the drive 2 or is connected to such a planet carrier in a rotationally fixed manner. Furthermore, the drive device 2 comprises a second component in the form of a housing 4, which is shown particularly schematically in the figures, wherein the shaft 3 is at least partially, in particular at least largely or completely, accommodated in the housing 4. Fig. 1 also shows an axis of rotation 5, which is also referred to as the transmission axis. The axis of rotation 5 coincides with the axial direction of the drive 2 and thus in particular of the shaft 3, wherein, for example, the shaft 3 is rotatable or pivotable about the axis of rotation 5 relative to the housing 4 in at least one operating state of the coupling 1, in particular when the drive 2, in particular the shaft 3, is driven. The drive 2, in particular the transmission, is driven, for example, by the drive engine in the traction mode of the drive engine, wherein, for example, the drive engine drives the aforementioned wheels in its traction mode via the drive 2. It is also conceivable that the drive device 2, in particular the transmission, is driven by the mentioned wheels in a slip mode of the drive engine, wherein in the slip mode the wheels drive the drive engine via the drive device 2, in particular via the transmission. "driving the engine, in particular driving the wheels via the transmission" is understood to mean: the drive engine drives the wheels by means of an output shaft through a transmission. "the wheels drive the drive engine via the transmission in slip operation" is to be understood in particular as: in the case of a slip operation, the wheels drive the output shaft via the drive 2.

As will be explained in more detail below, the coupling device 1 can function as a freewheel, in particular a switchable freewheel, and for this purpose has at least one first recess 6 arranged on the shaft 3. Furthermore, the coupling device 1 comprises at least one first blocking element 7, also referred to as first opening element, which is connected to the housing 4. The first blocking element 7 is movable relative to the component between at least one first release position shown in fig. 1 and at least one first blocking position shown in fig. 3, wherein in the exemplary embodiment shown in the figures the blocking element 7 is pivotable relative to the component about a pivot axis 8 between the first release position and the first blocking position. The axis of rotation 5 extends, for example, perpendicularly to a first plane, wherein the pivot axis 8 extends perpendicularly to a second plane, and the planes extend perpendicularly to one another. Furthermore, the blocking element 7 is held on the housing 4, for example, in a rotationally fixed manner about the axis of rotation 5, so that the blocking element 7, although being able to rotate or pivot about the pivot axis 8 relative to the housing 4, cannot rotate about the axis of rotation 5 relative to the housing 4. Thus, if the blocking element 7 is, for example, in its first blocking position, a first torque of, for example, the shaft 3 acting about the axis of rotation 5 can be transmitted to the housing 4 via the blocking element 7, as will be explained in more detail below.

The blocking element 7 is provided with at least one spring element 9 which is supported at least indirectly, in particular directly, on the housing 4 on the one hand and on the blocking element 7 on the other hand. In this case, the spring element 9 is tensioned more strongly in the first release position than in the first blocking position, for example, so that the spring element 9 provides a first spring force, which acts on the first blocking element 7, at least in the first release position. As will be explained in more detail below, the first blocking element 7 can be moved from the first release position into the first blocking position and can be held in the first blocking position, for example, by means of a first spring force.

Furthermore, the coupling 1 has at least one first actuating element 10, which is embodied, for example, as a first selector plate or as a first selector ring. The first actuating element 10 has at least one first through-opening 11 assigned to the first blocking element 7, which, for example, in the axial direction of the shaft 3 penetrates in particular completely through a first wall 12 of the first blocking element 7.

The first actuating element 10 is movable relative to the blocking element 7 and in particular relative to the housing 4 between at least one first decoupling position, which holds or fixes the first blocking element 7 in the first release position and is shown in fig. 1 and 2, and at least one first coupling position, which allows the first blocking element 7 to be moved from the first release position into the first blocking position, the first coupling position being shown in fig. 3. The first actuating element 10 is rotatable about the axis of rotation 5 relative to the blocking element 7 and relative to the housing 4 between a first coupling position and a first decoupling position.

The first blocking element 7 is arranged completely outside the first recess 6 in the first release position and therefore does not engage in the recess 6. In the first blocking position, however, the blocking element 7 penetrates the first through opening 11 and thus engages in the corresponding first recess 6 penetrating the first through opening 11, the components (shaft 3 and housing 4) thereby being connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner by means of the first blocking element 7 in a first rotational direction, which is indicated by the arrow 30 in fig. 1. By the blocking element 7 engaging in the groove 6 in the first blocking position, the previously mentioned first torque acting about the rotational axis 5 and rotating the shaft 3 relative to the housing 4 in the first rotational direction can be transmitted to the blocking element 7, in particular via the wall 13 of the shaft 3 at least partially delimiting the groove 6, and via said blocking element to the housing 4 and supported on the housing 4, so that the shaft 3 is fixed in the first blocking position against relative rotation in the first rotational direction relative to the housing 4 by means of the blocking element 7.

In order to now be able to operate the drive 2 particularly advantageously and particularly efficiently or effectively, the coupling device 1 has at least one second recess 14 provided on the shaft 3 and at least one second blocking element 15, also referred to as a second spreading element, connected to the housing 4. In this case, the second blocking element 15 is held rotationally fixed on the housing 4 relative to the axis of rotation 5 and therefore cannot rotate relative to the housing 4 about the axis of rotation 5, so that, as will be explained more precisely below, a second torque of the shaft 3 acting about the axis of rotation 5 and opposing the first torque can be transmitted to the housing 4 via the blocking element 15 and supported on the housing 4, so that, for example, the shaft 3 can alternatively or additionally be fixed or can be fixed against relative rotation relative to the housing 4 in a second direction of rotation, which is opposite the first direction of rotation and is indicated in fig. 1 by the arrow 16.

In this case, the second blocking element 15 can also be moved between at least one second blocking position, which is shown in fig. 2 and 3, and at least one second release position, which is shown in fig. 1, in particular relative to the component and/or relative to the housing 4. For this purpose, the blocking element 15 is pivotable about the second pivot axis 17 relative to the housing 4 between the second release position and the second blocking position. The second pivot axis 17 extends here, for example, perpendicularly to the second plane. For example, the pivot axes 8 and 17 extend parallel to each other. The blocking element 15 can thus be rotated about the pivot axis 17 relative to the housing 4, whereas the blocking element 15 cannot be rotated about the rotation axis 5 relative to the housing 4.

The coupling device 1 furthermore has a second actuating element 18 assigned to the blocking element 15, which is designed, for example, as a second selector plate or as a second selector ring. The second actuating element 18 has a second passage opening 19 associated with the second blocking element 15, which second passage opening 19 penetrates, for example, in particular completely, a wall 20 of the actuating element 18, in particular in the axial direction of the shaft 3.

Furthermore, the second actuating element 18 can be moved, in particular can be pivoted about the pivot axis 17, relative to the second blocking element 15 between at least one second decoupling position, which holds the second blocking element 15 in the second release position and is shown in fig. 1, and at least one second coupling position, which allows the second blocking element 15 to be moved from the second release position into the second blocking position and is shown in fig. 2 and 3. The second blocking element 15 is arranged completely outside the recesses 6 and 14 in the second release position, wherein the blocking element 7 is arranged completely outside the recesses 6 and 14 in the first release position. In the second blocking position, however, the second blocking element 15 penetrates the corresponding through opening 19 and engages in the second recess 14, whereby the components (shaft 3 and housing 4) are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner in the second mentioned rotational direction, which is opposite to the first rotational direction. For example, when the blocking element 7 is in the first blocking position and is engaged in the recess 6 here, the blocking element 7 is arranged completely outside the recess 14 and is therefore not engaged in the recess 14. Similarly, when the blocking element 15 is in the second blocking position and is therefore embedded in the groove 14, the blocking element 15 is arranged completely outside the groove 6 and is therefore not embedded in the groove 6.

The blocking element 15 is provided with a second spring element 31 which is supported, for example, at least indirectly, in particular directly, on the housing 4 on the one hand and on the blocking element 15 on the other hand. The spring element 31 is tensioned more strongly in the second release position than in the first release position and thus provides a second spring force, which acts on the second blocking element 15, at least in the second release position. By means of the second spring force, the second blocking element 15 can be moved from the second release position into the second blocking position and in particular held in the second blocking position, for example.

As can be seen from fig. 1, the respective recess 6 or 14 is formed, for example, by the shaft 3 itself. Alternatively, it is conceivable for the recesses 6 and 14 to be formed, for example, by a component of the coupling device 1, wherein the component is, for example, a component which is designed separately from the shaft 3 and is connected or connectable in a rotationally fixed manner to the shaft 3.

It is also conceivable for the respective blocking element 7 or 15 to be held at least substantially directly on the housing 4. Alternatively, it is conceivable for the respective blocking element 7 or 15 to be held, for example, on a second component of the coupling device 1, wherein the second component may, for example, be a second component which is designed separately from the housing 4 and is connected or connectable in a rotationally fixed manner to the housing 4.

In the respective decoupled position of the respective actuating element 10 or 18, the respective blocking element 7 or 15 is held in the respective released position by means of the respective actuating element 10 or 18 in such a way that, for example, the respective blocking element 7 or 15 bears or rests on the respective wall 12 or 20 in the axial direction of the shaft 3 toward the shaft 3. As a result, the respective blocking element 7 or 15 cannot be moved into the respective recess 6 or 14 by means of the respective spring force, for example, despite the respective spring force acting on the respective blocking element 7 or 15. In other words, for example, in the respective decoupled position, the respective blocking element 7 or 15 is at least partially, in particular at least largely or completely, covered by the respective wall 12 or 20 in the axial direction toward the shaft 3, whereby the respective blocking element 7 or 15 is fixed against movement into the blocking position.

In order to allow the respective blocking element 7 or 15 to be moved from the release position into the blocking position by the respective spring force, the respective actuating element 10 or 18 is moved from the respective decoupling position into the respective coupling position. In the respective coupling position, the respective through opening 11 or 19 is at least partially, in particular at least partially or completely, covered by the respective blocking element 7 or 15, so that the respective blocking element 7 or 15 is then moved at least partially through the respective through opening 11 or 19 by the respective spring force and can thus engage in the respective recess 6 or 14.

As can be seen particularly well in fig. 2, for example, when the blocking element 15 is in the second blocking position, the aforementioned second torque of the shaft 3 can be transmitted to the blocking element 15, in particular via at least one wall 21 of the shaft 3 which at least partially delimits the recess 14, and via said blocking element to the housing 4 and can be supported, for example, on the housing 4, so that a relative rotation between the shaft 3 and the housing 4 in the second direction of rotation indicated by the arrow 16 is prevented or prevented.

In order to move the respective blocking element 7 or 15 from the respective blocking position into the respective release position, the respective actuating element 10 or 18 is moved from the respective coupling position into the respective decoupling position, in particular rotated about the axis of rotation 5 relative to the housing 4. In this movement, the respective actuating element 10 or 18 slides over the blocking element 7 or 15 which is first in the respective blocking position, as a result of which, for example, the respective blocking element 7 or 15 is gradually moved from the blocking position into the respective release position. Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable for the respective blocking element 7 or 15 to be actively moved or movable from the respective blocking position into the respective release position by means of at least one adjusting element. For example, in order to move the respective blocking element 7 or 15 from the respective blocking position into the respective release position and the respective actuating element 10 or 18 from the respective coupling position into the respective decoupling position, for example, the respective blocking element 7 or 15, which is initially located in the blocking position, is first moved from the respective blocking position into the respective release position by means of the mentioned adjusting element, and then the respective actuating element 10 or 18 is moved or rotated from the respective coupling position into the respective decoupling position, for example.

As can be seen from fig. 1 to 3, actuating elements 10 and 18 are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner and are thus movable jointly or simultaneously between the respective coupling position and the respective decoupling position. For this purpose, the coupling device 1 comprises, for example, an actuator 22, which is shown in the figures in a particularly schematic manner and is shared by the actuating elements 10 and 18, by means of which the actuating elements 10 and 18 are moved, in particular rotated or movable, in particular rotatable, jointly or simultaneously between the respective coupling position and the respective decoupling position. The number of components, installation space requirements, weight and costs of the coupling 1 can thereby be kept particularly low, since the two actuating elements 10 and 18 can be moved by means of exactly one actuator 22.

In order to keep the axial installation space requirement particularly low, the recesses 6 and 14 are arranged on opposite sides to one another. Here, the groove 6 is arranged in or on a first end side 23 of the shaft 3, while the groove 14 is arranged on or in a second axial end side 24 of the shaft 3. The axial end sides 23 and 24 face away from each other in the axial direction of the shaft 3. The recess 6 is open or open in a first direction, indicated by an arrow 25 and directed toward the blocking element 7, wherein the recess 14 is open or open in a second direction, opposite the first direction, indicated by an arrow 26 and directed toward the blocking element 15. Thus, for example, the blocking element 7 can engage in the second direction in the recess 6, wherein the blocking element 15 can engage in the first direction in the recess 14. The blocking elements 7 and 15 are arranged on opposite sides, wherein the blocking element 7 is arranged, for example, on an axial end face 23 of the shaft 3, while the blocking element 15 is arranged on an axial end face 24 of the shaft.

Fig. 1 illustrates a first operating state Z1 of the coupling 1. In the first operating state, the actuating elements 10 and 18 are simultaneously in the respective decoupling position, so that the blocking elements 7 and 15 are simultaneously held in the respective release positions by means of the actuating elements 10 and 18. In the first operating state, the blocking elements 7 and 15 are therefore simultaneously in the respective release position. Relative rotation between the shaft 3 and the housing 4 is thereby permitted not only in the first rotational direction (arrow 30) but also in the second rotational direction (arrow 16). In other words, in the first operating state, the shaft 3 can be rotated about the axis of rotation 5 relative to the housing 4 not only in the first rotational direction but also in the second rotational direction.

Fig. 2 shows a second operating state Z2 of the coupling 1. In the second operating state, the first actuating element 10 is located in the first decoupling position and the second actuating element 18 is located in the second coupling position. The first blocking element 7 is therefore in the first release position, while the second blocking element 15 is in the second blocking position. In the second operating state, the coupling device 1 acts as a freewheel, as explained above, since the coupling device 1 or freewheel allows relative rotation between the shaft 3 and the housing 4 in the first rotational direction (arrow 30) but prevents or prevents relative rotation between the shaft 3 and the housing 4 in the second rotational direction (arrow 16). In this case, the coupling 1 can function as a shiftable freewheel, or the freewheel mentioned above is a shiftable freewheel, since the coupling 1 can be shifted between the first operating state Z1 and the second operating state Z2.

Fig. 3 also shows a third operating state Z3 of the coupling 1, in which the coupling 1 can be switched between the operating states Z1, Z2 and Z3 as required. In the third operating state Z3, actuating elements 10 and 18 are simultaneously in the respective coupling position, so that blocking elements 7 and 15 are simultaneously in the respective blocking position. As a result, a relative rotation between the shaft 3 and the housing 4 in the first rotational direction, as well as a relative rotation between the shaft 3 and the housing 4 in the second rotational direction, is prevented or inhibited by the coupling device 1.

In the first operating state Z1, the blocking elements 7 and 15 are open, so that no drag torque occurs or cannot be used. In the second operating state, for example, the shaft 3 is locked in the first gear of the transmission for the traction drive of the drive engine.

In the second operating state Z2, the coupling device 1 allows a relative rotation between the shaft 3 and the housing 4 in the first direction of rotation, so that, although the blocking element 15 can be brought into the second blocking position and can therefore engage in the recess 14 when the shaft 3 is rotated in the first direction of rotation relative to the housing 4 and relative to the blocking element 15, the blocking element 15 has, for example, a surface 27 which, when the blocking element 15 engages in the recess 14, in the second blocking position, comes into contact with the shaft 3, in particular with a wall 28 of the shaft 3, which at least partially defines the recess 14 and is, for example, opposite the wall 21, when the shaft 3 is moved about the axis of rotation 5 relative to the housing 4 and relative to the blocking element 15. If the shaft 3 is then rotated in the first direction of rotation relative to the housing 4 and relative to the blocking element 15, the shaft 3, in particular the wall 28, can slide on the face 27. As a result, the blocking element 15, which is initially located in the second blocking position, is moved, in particular pressed, or moved, in particular pressed, by the shaft 3, in particular by the wall 28, in the direction of the second release position, so that the blocking element 15 is moved out of the recess 14 and can slide next to this, for example, on the shaft 3, in particular on a wall 29 of the shaft 3 connected to the wall 28. Overall, it can be seen, for example, that the respective blocking element 7 or 15 can be moved from the respective blocking position into the respective release position or in the direction of the respective release position, but the respective blocking element 7 or 15 cannot be moved beyond the respective blocking position. The coupling 1 can thus function as the free wheel mentioned above and in the described manner allows or prevents a relative movement between the shaft 3 and the housing 4 as required.

To set the first operating state Z1, the actuating elements 10 and 18 are moved, for example, into a first position by means of the actuator 22. To set the operating state Z2, the actuating elements 10 and 18 are moved into a second position, which is different from the first position, for example by means of the actuator 22. To set the third operating state Z3, the actuating elements 10 and 18 are moved, in particular rotated, for example by means of the actuator 22 into a third position, which is different from the first position and from the second position.

By using two actuating elements 10 and 18, it is possible, for example, to simultaneously hold the two blocking elements 7 and 15 in the release position, in particular in the first operating state Z1. Undesired contact between the shaft 3 and the blocking elements 7 and 15 and the resulting noise can thus be avoided. Furthermore, undesirable friction between the shaft 3 and the blocking elements 7 and 15 can thus be avoided, as a result of which a particularly efficient and thus cost-effective operation can be achieved.

A method for operating the drive 2 or the coupling 1 is illustrated with the aid of fig. 4. In particular, a slip downshift from the second gear or from a relatively high gear into the first gear or a relatively low gear is illustrated by means of fig. 4. For a better overview, the actuating element 18 is not shown in fig. 4. In the case of the slip downshift mentioned, for example, an overrun of the coupling device 1, in particular of the blocking element 15, is providedWherein a relative rotation between the shaft 3 and the housing 4 in a first rotational direction is permitted in the region of the overrun operation. Here, the shaft 3 is in contact with the blocking element 15 in the described manner, which allows said relative rotation in the first direction between the shaft 3 and the housing 4. Said contact between the shaft 3 and the blocking element 15 can be avoided if the actuating element 18 is also used. Fig. 4 illustrates, for example, an initial state a, from which a slip downshift is carried out. In the initial state a, the above-mentioned overrun of the blocking element 15 occurs. Such a slip downshift can be understood as a shift from the second or higher gear into the first or lower gear during, for example, the drive engine being in slip operation.

In a first step S1, for example, the brake of the transmission is opened and a positive torque (also referred to as engine torque) of the internal combustion engine is set, so that, for example, the internal combustion engine provides a positive torque via its output shaft, which is introduced into the transmission, for example. The shaft 3 is braked by a positive engine torque, which is indicated in fig. 4 by the arrow 16. Thus, for example, the blocking element 15 falls into the corresponding recess 14.

In a second step S2, the blocking element 15 comes into contact with the wall 21 by means of a positive engine torque and is thereby locked or held in the recess 14 and thus held in the second blocking position. In this case, the actuating element 10 is moved, in particular rotated back, in such a way that the actuating element 10 enters the first coupling position and thus allows the blocking element 7 to be moved from the first release position into the first blocking position. In an initial state a in a first step S1, the blocking element 7 is located in a first release position.

In a third step S3, the drive engine, which is embodied as an internal combustion engine, for example, is again put into its slip mode, as a result of which, for example, the blocking element 7 is loaded, in particular because, for example, the wall 13 is in bearing contact with the blocking element 7. Furthermore, the blocking element 15 is unloaded, for example, because the wall 21 moves away from the blocking element 15, for example. In particular, in a slip downshift, it is provided that the drive engine provides a positive engine torque from an initial state a. Step S3 can then be omitted, for example, wherein alternatively or additionally, a brake, such as the one mentioned above and in particular designed as a clutch, continues to provide a positive output torque in first step S1.

The sliding upshift is described, for example, with the aid of fig. 5. In the range of such a slip upshift, for example, during a slipping operation of the drive engine, the first gear is shifted into the second gear. In the initial state B, the blocking elements 7 and 15 are in the blocking position, in which, for example, the blocking element 7 is loaded. The blocking element 7 can be relieved, for example, by the drive motor providing a positive motor torque (positive torque). For example, in the first step S1' in the range of a slip upshift, a positive engine torque provided by the drive engine via the output shaft is set. The positive engine torque is introduced into the transmission or into the drive 2, for example, in each case.

In a second step S2 ', the actuating element 10 is moved, in particular pivoted back, in such a way that the actuating element 10, which is in the first coupling position in the initial state B and in the first step S1', reaches the first decoupling position. The blocking element 7 is moved from the first blocking position into the first release position, for example, by means of the actuating element 10. This can be achieved simply, for example, by setting a positive engine torque in a first step S1' and thereby unloading the blocking element 7, in particular unloading such that, for example, the wall 13 moves away from the blocking element 7. In a third step S3', the blocking element 15 then performs an overrun operation, for example from the second gear position, in particular using a drag torque on the blocking element 15. In or by the third step S3', for example, the initial state a is set. By using the actuating element 18, it is possible, for example, for the blocking element 15 to remain in the second release position in the third step S3' or in the initial state a, so that, for example, in the case of the overrun mode mentioned, the spindle 3 is not in contact with the blocking element 15. Thereby, noise and friction between the shaft 3 and the blocking element 15 can be avoided. The internal friction and thus the torque loss in the drive 2 can therefore be kept in a particularly low range, so that particularly low-energy-consumption, particularly low-fuel-consumption operation can be achieved. Fig. 6 illustrates a traction upshift, in particular a traction upshift from a first gear to a second gear. A traction upshift is understood to mean, in particular, an upshift during a traction mode of the drive engine.

In the initial state C of the traction upshift, for example, the blocking element 7 is first unloaded, so that, for example, in a first step S1 ″, the actuating element 10 can be moved particularly simply from the first coupling position into the first decoupling position, as a result of which the blocking element 7 is moved from the first blocking position into the first release position. Then, for example, in a second step S2 ″, the overrun of the blocking element 15 takes place from the second stop with a drag torque on the blocking element 15.

Finally, the traction transmission ZU in the first gear is illustrated by means of fig. 7. Furthermore, fig. 7 illustrates slip transmission SU in the first gear. In a further state Z4, for example, a traction mode is provided, during which a reverse gear of the transmission is provided, wherein, for example, state Z4 corresponds to slip transmission SU in the first gear. Fig. 7 also shows a state Z5, in which, for example, a slip operation is present, during which the reverse gear is engaged. In this case, state Z5 corresponds, for example, to traction transmission ZU in the first gear.

Overall, it can be seen that, by using blocking elements 7 and 15 and by using actuating elements 10 and 18, when the first gear is engaged, a slip operation can be achieved in which, for example, at least one electric machine, not shown in the figures, is driven together with the rotating wheels of the moving motor vehicle. The electric machine is therefore driven by the kinetic energy of the moving vehicle, wherein the electric machine is operated, for example, in the manner of a generator and thus as a generator. Thereby, at least a part of the kinetic energy of the motor vehicle is converted into electrical energy or current by means of the generator, which is also referred to as recuperation. For example, the generator operation is a recuperation operation of the electric machine, wherein the recuperation operation can be implemented particularly advantageously, in particular, by setting the third operating state Z3 in the first gear.

This enables particularly efficient operation. Overall, it is possible to achieve an advantageous operation of the drive 2 with only low effort, wherein drag torque reduction, cost savings and weight savings can be achieved in comparison with conventional drives. In particular, it is possible to avoid undesirable frictional contact between the shaft 3 and the blocking elements 7 and 15, in particular in the first operating state Z1, as a result of which undesirable drag torques can be eliminated, in particular in the first operating state Z1.

The actuator 22 is, for example, an actuator which can be driven hydraulically and/or electrically, so that, for example, the respective actuating element 10 or 18 can be moved hydraulically and/or electrically.

As can be seen particularly well from fig. 1 to 3, the through-openings 11 and 19 have different lengths or extensions from one another, which extend in the circumferential direction of the actuating elements 10 and 18 or in the respective direction of rotation, wherein the through-opening 19 is longer or has a greater extension in the respective direction of rotation than the through-opening 11. The through holes 11 and 19 allow a windowing (Fensterung) of the actuating elements 10 and 18, wherein, for example, different lengths allow the blocking element 15 to penetrate through the through hole 19 and thus to be located in the second blocking position, while the blocking element 7 is still held in the first release position by the actuating element 10.

List of reference numerals

1 coupling device

2 drive device

3 shaft

4 casing

5 axis of rotation

6 groove

7 blocking element

8 pivoting axis

9 spring element

10 operating element

11 through hole

12 wall

13 wall

14 groove

15 stopping element

16 arrow head

17 pivot axis

18 operating element

19 through hole

20 wall

21 wall

22 actuator

23 end side

24 end side

25 arrow head

26 arrow head

27 noodles

28 wall

29 wall

30 arrow head

31 spring element

Initial state A

B initial state

C initial state

S1, S1 ', S1' first step

S2, S2', S2 ″

S3, S3' third step

SU sliding transfer

Z1 first operating State

Z2 second operating State

Z3 third operating State

Z4 State

Z5 State

ZU traction transfer