阅读说明：本技术 一种暂时性耐高温分散剂及其制备与使用方法 (Temporary high-temperature-resistant dispersing agent and preparation and use methods thereof ) 是由 卢海峰 魏增岳 冯圣玉 周传健 王�华 安晨 渠源 孔凡振 刘承木 曾庆铭 于 2020-12-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种暂时性耐高温分散剂及其制备与使用方法,是从含氨基的聚硅氧烷出发,经由一步反应制备的嵌段型高分子聚合物。所制备的嵌段型高分子聚合物可以直接作为分散剂使用；也可以作为基础配方,在添加其它辅助成分后作为分散剂使用；也可以与一种或多种其他分散助剂和/或表面活性剂组合使用用于满足各种特殊场合的分散需求。本发明巧妙地将耐温性能好、分子链柔软的有机硅化合物和极性强、耐温性好的芳香基团结合在一起,利用两者的耐温性协同作用来实现该分散剂的高耐温特点；利用有机硅化合物在更高温度下热降解的低残留特点,实现分散剂的“暂时性”的特点。(The invention relates to a temporary high-temperature-resistant dispersing agent, a preparation method and a use method thereof, which are block-type high-molecular polymers prepared by one-step reaction from amino-containing polysiloxane. The prepared block-type high molecular polymer can be directly used as a dispersant; can also be used as a basic formula and used as a dispersant after other auxiliary components are added; it may also be used in combination with one or more other dispersing aids and/or surfactants for meeting the dispersing needs of each particular application. According to the invention, an organic silicon compound with good temperature resistance and soft molecular chain and an aromatic group with strong polarity and good temperature resistance are skillfully combined together, and the high temperature resistance characteristic of the dispersing agent is realized by utilizing the temperature resistance synergistic effect of the organic silicon compound and the aromatic group; the characteristic of 'temporary' of the dispersing agent is realized by utilizing the characteristic of low residue of thermal degradation of the organic silicon compound at higher temperature.)

1. A preparation method of a temporary high-temperature-resistant dispersing agent comprises the following steps:

under the condition of using a solvent or not, mixing an organic silicon compound containing two amino groups, an aldehyde (ketone) compound and an organic compound containing two phenolic hydroxyl groups, and carrying out Mannich reaction to obtain the temporary high-temperature resistant dispersing agent.

2. The method for preparing a temporary high temperature resistant dispersant according to claim 1, wherein said organosilicon compound containing two amino groups is a compound containing two or more amino groups in its molecular structure and one or more siloxy groups; preferred are small molecule siloxanes containing two or more amino groups, oligosiloxanes containing two or more amino groups, polysiloxanes containing two or more amino groups, silicone resins containing two or more amino groups, silicone rubbers containing two or more amino groups, block copolymers of siloxanes and other polymers containing two or more amino groups, and graft copolymers of siloxanes and other polymers containing two or more amino groups.

3. The method for preparing the temporary high temperature resistant dispersant according to claim 1, wherein the aldehyde (ketone) compound is a small molecular aldehyde (ketone) compound that can be dissolved in the reaction system; preferably formaldehyde, acetone, benzaldehyde, trioxymethylene, paraformaldehyde or cyclohexanone.

4. The method for preparing a temporary high temperature resistant dispersant according to claim 1, wherein said organic compound containing two phenolic hydroxyl groups is an organic compound having a molecular structure containing at least two phenolic hydroxyl groups which are not on the same benzene ring;

bisphenol A, dihydroxydiphenyl ether, dihydroxybenzophenone, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, 2' -diallylbisphenol A, dihydroxybiphenyl or bisphenol fluorene are preferred.

5. The method for preparing a temporary high temperature resistant dispersant according to claim 1, wherein said solvent is various polar or non-polar solvents capable of dissolving the reactant and not chemically reacting with the reactant; preferably dioxane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, diphenyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide or N, N-dimethylformamide.

6. The method for preparing a temporary high temperature resistant dispersant according to claim 1, wherein the molar ratio of the organic silicon compound containing two amino groups, the aldehyde (ketone) compound and the organic compound containing two phenolic hydroxyl groups is 1: (1-20): (1-20), preferably 1: (4-15): (1-10).

7. The method for preparing a temporary high temperature resistant dispersant according to claim 1, wherein the reaction temperature of said organosilicon compound containing two amino groups, said aldehyde (ketone) compound and said organic compound containing two phenolic hydroxyl groups is 30-180 ℃, preferably 40-80 ℃.

8. The method for preparing a temporary high temperature resistant dispersant according to claim 1, wherein the reaction time of the organosilicon compound containing two amino groups, the aldehyde (ketone) compound and the organic compound containing two phenolic hydroxyl groups is 1-60h, preferably 12-24 h.

9. A temporary refractory dispersant prepared by the process of claim 1.

10. The method of using the temporary refractory dispersant of claim 9, comprising the steps of:

directly used as a dispersant; or adding a catalyst, a filler and an auxiliary agent for matching use; or in combination with one or more other dispersing aids and/or surfactants.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a temporary high-temperature-resistant dispersing agent and preparation and use methods thereof, belonging to the field of preparation and application of high polymer materials.

Background

The dispersing agent is an auxiliary agent capable of improving and improving the dispersion performance of solid or liquid materials. When the solid dye is ground, a dispersing agent is added to help the particles to be crushed and prevent the crushed particles from agglomerating so as to keep the dispersion system stable. The dispersant uniformly disperses particles of inorganic and organic solids and liquids that are difficult to dissolve in liquids, while also preventing settling and agglomeration of the particles to form the amphiphilic agent needed to stabilize the suspension. The dispersant has the effects of reducing the time and energy required for completing the dispersing process by using the wetting dispersant, stabilizing the dispersed dispersoid, adjusting the mobility of particles, improving the luster and increasing the leveling effect. The dispersant may be anionic, cationic, nonionic, amphoteric, or polymeric.

Examples of the polymeric dispersant include maleic anhydride copolymers, polyacrylic acid derivatives, polycarboxylates, and nonionic water-soluble polymers (polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyether derivatives, and polyethylene glycol). The paraffin dispersant belongs to an external lubricant, is non-polar straight-chain hydrocarbon, cannot wet the metal surface, namely cannot prevent resin such as polyvinyl chloride and the like from adhering to the metal wall, and can only exert a synergistic effect when being used together with stearic acid, calcium stearate and the like. The low molecular wax is a series of oligomers with different performances, which are prepared by cracking and oxidizing various polyethylene (homopolymer or copolymer), polypropylene, polystyrene or other high molecular modified substances as raw materials. The main products are as follows: homopolymers, oxidized homopolymers, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, low molecular weight ionomers and the like. Polyethylene wax is most common, with an average relative molecular mass of 1500-4000 and a softening point of 102 ℃. Polyethylene waxes of other specifications have an average relative molecular mass of 10000-. The long chain molecule of the oxidized polyethylene wax has a certain amount of ester groups or soap groups, so that the internal and external lubrication effects of PVC, PE, PP and ABS are balanced, the effect is better, and the transparency is also good. Since the kind of the dispersant and the environment in which it is actually used are many, it is important to select an appropriate dispersant.

The main function of the macromolecular dispersant is the steric effect of a physical adsorption film on the surface of the macromolecular dispersant. The adsorption film thickness of the polymeric dispersant is very large, generally up to tens of nanometers, and is larger than the thickness of the electric double layer, so that the polymeric dispersant can show its dispersing effect when the materials are far away, and the separation and aggregation effects of the polymeric dispersant can be mutually converted. According to the first principle of dispersion control, a large number of polar groups are distributed on an organic polymer chain, so that the surface of the particles is hydrophilized by dense adsorption of organic molecules on the surface of the material, and the polar lubricity of the surface of the particles is enhanced. These characteristics will contribute to the dispersion of the particles of the object.

The dispersant-AYD series dispersant produced by Daniel Products of America is a mixture of several surfactants, can stabilize a dispersion system after coating, has good compatibility with different solvents, and ensures stable viscosity for a long time. The composition of the AYD-15 is modified thermoplastic polypropylene resin, acrylic resin and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acid solution, is mainly suitable for preparing a dispersion with high pigment concentration, and can be directly synthesized into a final solvent-based coating. The pigment dispersion prepared by the AYD-15 has good compatibility with various alkyd resins (long oil and medium oil), and can be used for preparing products with air self-drying property, uniform color, good durability and good chemical stability. The composition of DISPER BYK-163 from BYK Chemie, Germany, is a high molecular block copolymer, which has strong adsorption effect on the surface of the pigment, obviously improves the wetting effect on the pigment particles, shortens the grinding process and increases the yield per unit time. The Netherlands EFKA chemical company introduced dispersants suitable for use in the printing ink and coating industry. EFKAN-5044/5244 is a dispersing, wetting agent suitable for solvent-containing or solvent-free coating systems, especially for the preparation of bentonite colloids. The EFKA-5064/5066 has good compatibility with various resins (alkyd, amino resin, nitrocellulose, polyacrylamide and the like), is a high-efficiency wetting dispersant, and can prevent a paint system from generating a flowering phenomenon. Further, there are commercially available polymer dispersants such as Elvacite polymer dispersant (Du Pont, USA), Hypersol hyper-dispersant (Danish KVK), Solsperse Hyperdis-persants (British ICI), CH series hyper-dispersant (Shanghai Sanzheng Polymer materials), etc.

The polymer dispersant commodities can effectively solve the dispersion problem at normal temperature, so that the polymer dispersant commodities are widely applied. However, these polymer dispersant-based commercial products have low temperature resistance. For example, the decomposition temperature of polyacrylamide is 210 ℃; the decomposition temperature of the polymethacrylic resin is 170 ℃; the upper temperature resistance limit of the alkyd resin paint is 120 ℃. Therefore, these polymer dispersants cannot meet the application requirements of high temperature dispersion. The high-temperature-resistant high-molecular dispersing agent has better high-temperature resistance, and can provide dispersion and conveying of powder materials at high temperature. In many instances, it is often desirable to remove the dispersant after the powdered material is dispersed and transported to reduce the impact of the dispersant on the properties of the material. Decomposition of the dispersant using higher temperatures is a convenient method of removing the dispersant. Thus, there is a need for polymeric dispersants that can withstand high temperatures while having low carbon residue at higher temperatures. The temporary high-temperature resistant dispersant product is still a blank at present, and the research and development are urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the current situation that no temporary high-temperature-resistant dispersing agent exists in the prior art, the invention provides a temporary high-temperature-resistant dispersing agent prepared based on polysiloxane and a preparation method and a use method thereof. The temporary high-temperature resistant dispersing agent has the characteristics of high thermal stability and low carbon residue rate, and can play a role of a dispersing agent in a certain high-temperature range; when the temperature is further increased, a degradation reaction can occur to remove it from the system and the rate of carbon residue is low. The temporary high-temperature resistant dispersant has obvious advantages when being used for dispersing particles under high-temperature conditions. The invention is a block-type high molecular polymer prepared by one-step reaction from an organic silicon compound containing two amino groups, and the method has simple and controllable synthesis conditions and high synthesis efficiency; the block-type high molecular polymer synthesized by the invention can be directly used as a dispersant, and has good dispersion effect; can also be used as a basic formula and used as a dispersant after other auxiliary components are added; the dispersant compositions of the present invention may also be used in combination with one or more other dispersing aids and/or surfactants to effect dispersion of various particulate materials.

Summary of The Invention

The invention provides a temporary high-temperature-resistant dispersing agent and a preparation and use method thereof, which is a block-type high-molecular polymer prepared by one-step reaction from an organic silicon compound containing two amino groups. The block-type high molecular polymer has the characteristics of high thermal stability and low carbon residue rate, and can play a role of a dispersing agent in a certain high temperature range; when the temperature is further increased, a degradation reaction can occur to remove from the system and the rate of carbon residue is low, so that it is called a temporary high temperature resistant dispersant. The block type high molecular polymer can be directly used as a dispersant; can also be used as a basic formula and used as a dispersant after other auxiliary components are added; it may also be used in combination with one or more other dispersing aids and/or surfactants for meeting the dispersing needs of each particular application.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a preparation method of a temporary high-temperature-resistant dispersing agent comprises the following steps:

under the condition of using a solvent or not, mixing an organic silicon compound containing two amino groups, an aldehyde (ketone) compound and an organic compound containing two phenolic hydroxyl groups, and carrying out Mannich reaction to obtain the temporary high-temperature resistant dispersing agent. The temporary high-temperature resistant dispersing agent is a block type high molecular polymer containing an epoxy group, and the reaction equation is as follows:

in the formula, R₁、R₂And R₃Are various aromatic hydrocarbon groups or aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, wherein R₁Contains at least one siloxy group, n is 1-100.

According to the present invention, preferably, the organosilicon compound containing two amino groups is a compound containing two or more amino groups and one or more siloxy groups in the molecular structure, and comprises: the silicone composition is preferably a silicone compound having a molecular structure of two or more amino groups at both ends, or a small molecule silicone having amino groups at both ends.

According to the present invention, preferably, the aldehyde (ketone) compound is various aldehyde (ketone) organic compounds capable of being dissolved in the reaction system; more preferably, the aldehyde (ketone) compound is a small molecular aldehyde (ketone) compound; more preferably, the aldehyde (ketone) compound is formaldehyde, acetone, benzaldehyde, trioxymethylene, paraformaldehyde or cyclohexanone.

According to the present invention, preferably, the organic compound containing two phenolic hydroxyl groups is an organic compound having a molecular structure containing at least two phenolic hydroxyl groups which are not on the same benzene ring; more preferably, the organic compound containing two phenolic hydroxyl groups is bisphenol a, dihydroxy diphenyl ether, dihydroxy benzophenone, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, 2' -diallyl bisphenol a, dihydroxy biphenyl, bisphenol fluorene; more preferably, the organic compound having phenolic hydroxyl groups at both ends is bisphenol fluorene or bisphenol A.

According to the present invention, it is preferable that the solvent is various polar or non-polar solvents capable of dissolving the reactant and not chemically reacting with the reactant; further preferably, dioxane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, diphenyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-dimethylformamide; more preferably, toluene and chloroform.

According to the present invention, it is preferable that the molar ratio of the organosilicon compound containing two amino groups, the aldehyde (ketone) compound and the organic compound containing two phenolic hydroxyl groups is 1: (1-20): (1-20), and more preferably 1: (4-15): (1-10).

According to the present invention, the reaction temperature of the organosilicon compound containing two amino groups, the aldehyde (ketone) compound and the organic compound containing two phenolic hydroxyl groups is preferably 30 to 180 ℃, and more preferably 40 to 80 ℃.

According to the invention, the reaction time of the organosilicon compound containing two amino groups, the aldehyde (ketone) compound and the organic compound containing two phenolic hydroxyl groups is preferably 1-60h, and more preferably 12-24 h.

According to the invention, the temporary high-temperature-resistant dispersing agent prepared by the method is also provided.

According to the invention, the method for using the temporary high-temperature resistant dispersant comprises the following steps:

directly used as a dispersant; or adding a catalyst, a filler and an auxiliary agent for matching use; or in combination with one or more other dispersing aids and/or surfactants.

The invention is not described in detail in the prior art.

The principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:

the reaction route skillfully combines the organic silicon compound with good temperature resistance and soft molecular chain and the aromatic group with strong polarity and good temperature resistance together, and realizes the high temperature resistance characteristic of the dispersing agent by utilizing the temperature resistance synergistic effect of the organic silicon compound and the aromatic group, particularly reduces the 'interchain degradation' and 'end group back biting' of the silicon-oxygen chain by introducing the aromatic group, and further improves the temperature resistance; the characteristic of 'temporary' of the dispersing agent is realized by utilizing the characteristic of low residue of thermal degradation of the organic silicon compound at higher temperature. Therefore, the block-type polymer dispersant can play a role of a dispersant in a certain high-temperature range; when the temperature is further increased, a degradation reaction can be carried out so as to remove the carbon residue from the system, the carbon residue rate is low, and the requirement of the dispersant under a high-temperature environment is met. The temporary high-temperature resistant dispersant has obvious advantages when being used for dispersing particles under high-temperature conditions. Because of good temperature resistance, good dispersion performance and simple post-treatment, the method obtains remarkable effect.

The process of the invention consists of a one-step reaction. The reaction may take place without the use of any solvent. The use of the solvent contributes to the blending of the reaction materials and the improvement of the reaction efficiency. Toluene and chloroform are preferred from the viewpoint of the polarity, boiling point, stability, safety and the like of the solvent. The invention utilizes Mannich reaction to combine an organic silicon compound with an aromatic structure, and in order to improve the conversion rate of a product, the charge ratio of aldehyde (ketone) compounds in the reaction needs to be properly improved according to the type of the specific aldehyde compounds. When the formaldehyde solution is adopted, 10 times of feeding materials can be selected; when trioxymethylene is adopted, 2 times of feeding can be selected.

The block-containing polymer dispersant synthesized by the invention can be directly used as a dispersant, and can also be used as a dispersant after being compounded with other substances. Various additives (including various fillers, additives and the like) are compounded with the dispersant, so that the comprehensive performance of the dispersant can be greatly improved, the dispersion requirements of various occasions are met, and the dispersant has a wide application prospect and a good market prospect.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a nuclear magnetic spectrum of a block-type polymer dispersant containing a fluorene group obtained in example 2.

FIG. 2 is an IR spectrum of a block-type polymer dispersant containing a fluorene group obtained in example 2.

FIG. 3 is a TGA chart of the block-type polymer dispersant containing a fluorene group obtained in example 2.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following specific examples.

The starting materials used in the examples are either conventional commercially available starting materials or are synthesized according to the literature methods.

The molar ratio described in the examples is the ratio of the amounts of the substances, and the parts ratio is the mass ratio.

Example 1

Uniformly mixing aminopropyl terminated disiloxane, bisphenol fluorene and trioxymethylene in toluene according to the molar ratio of 1:1.5:4, keeping the temperature at 80 ℃, and mechanically stirring for 6 hours to obtain the fluorene-containing block type polymeric dispersant. The yield was 85%.

Example 2

As described in example 1, except that: aminopropyl terminated disiloxane was changed to aminopropyl terminated polysiloxane (number average molecular weight 5000), trioxymethylene was changed to aqueous formaldehyde (37 wt%), and the molar ratio was changed to 1: 1: 6. the reaction temperature is changed to 70 ℃, and mechanical stirring is carried out for 12 hours, so as to obtain the fluorene group-containing block type macromolecular dispersant, wherein the reaction yield is 97%.

The nuclear magnetic hydrogen spectrum of the block-type polymeric dispersant synthesized in this example is shown in FIG. 1,¹H NMR(CDCl₃) δ 0.05ppm represents hydrogen in the silylmethyl group of Siloxane (SiCH)₃) The peak position of (1) is that the silicon is connected with the first methylene (SiCH) at the position of delta-0.51 ppm₂CH₂CH₂N), δ 1.53ppm is a silicon-bonded second methylene group (SiCH)₂CH₂CH₂N), δ 2.66ppm is silicon linked to a third methylene group (SiCH)₂CH₂CH₂N), delta-3.74 ppm is Ar-CH₂-N peak position, δ 4.74ppm is O-CH₂The peak position of N and the peak position of hydrogen (Ar-H) on the benzene ring are respectively 6.65-7.76 ppm.

The infrared characterization of the block-type polymeric dispersant synthesized in this example is shown in FIG. 2, which shows 1055cm in FIG. 2^-1And 1022cm^-1The peak of (a) is generated by the asymmetric bending vibration of Si-O-Si in polysiloxane; 1261 and1183cm^-1respectively is an asymmetric stretching vibration peak of C-O-C, C-N-C on the oxazine ring; 935cm^-1The characteristic absorption peak of the benzene ring connected with the oxazine ring, namely the characteristic absorption peak of the oxazine ring, indicates that the benzoxazine is generated; also at 1495cm^-1、719cm^-1The position also has a peak, which indicates that the 1,2,4 trisubstituted peak of the benzene ring is generated, and further indicates the generation of oxazine ring.

TGA test results of the block-type polymeric dispersant synthesized in this example are shown in FIG. 3: from FIG. 3, it can be seen that the temperature at which 5% of the weight loss by heat is 325 ℃ and the char yield at 600 ℃ is only 7%. It is stated that this material is stable when heated to 300 ℃ and is almost no longer present when heated to 600 ℃, i.e. it can be removed by heating.

The reaction process of the block-type polymeric dispersant obtained in this example is as follows:

example 3

As described in example 2, except that: bisphenol fluorene is changed into bisphenol A, and the other parameters are the same, so that the block-type macromolecular dispersing agent containing a bisphenol A structure is obtained, and the reaction yield is 100%.

Example 4

As described in example 2, except that: bisphenol fluorene is changed into bisphenol S, and the block-type macromolecular dispersant containing bisphenol S is finally obtained, and the reaction yield reaches 100 percent.

Example 5

As described in example 2, except that: bisphenol fluorene is changed to 2,2' -diallyl bisphenol A. Finally, the block-type polymer dispersant containing bisphenol A is obtained, and the reaction yield reaches 90 percent.

Example 6

As described in example 2, except that: the aminopropyl terminated polysiloxane (the number average molecular weight is 5000) is changed into aminopropyl terminated polysiloxane (the number average molecular weight is 10000), the product is a fluorene group-containing benzoxazine block type polymer dispersant, and the reaction yield is 96%.

Example 7

As described in example 6, except that: bisphenol fluorene is changed into bisphenol S, the product is a block-type macromolecular dispersing agent containing bisphenol S, and the reaction yield is 96%.

Example 8

As described in example 6, except that: bisphenol fluorene is changed into 2,2' -diallyl bisphenol A, and the solvent is changed into chloroform. The product is a fluorene-containing block type polymer dispersant, and the reaction yield is 93%.

Example 9

As described in example 8, except that: the aqueous solution of formaldehyde is changed into paraformaldehyde, and the solvent is changed into tetrahydrofuran. The product is a fluorene-containing block type macromolecular dispersant, and the reaction yield is 96%.

Example 10

As described in example 2, except that: acetic acid was added as a catalyst for the reaction in an amount of 5% of the amount of the aminopropyl terminated polysiloxane and the reaction time was 3 hours. The product is a blocky macromolecular dispersant containing fluorenyl, and the reaction yield is 94 percent.

Example 11

The block-type polymer dispersant containing the fluorene group prepared in example 2 was used as a base formulation (100 parts), and methyl silicone oil (10 parts) with the designation 201 was added to the base formulation for compounding and mixing. And then measuring the temperature resistance.

Example 12

Taking the block-type polymeric dispersant obtained in the example 6 as a basic formula (100 parts), adding 10 parts of high-temperature heat conduction oil for compounding, and uniformly mixing; and then measuring the temperature resistance.

Test example 1

The dispersants of examples 2, 3, 11, 12 were tested for heat resistance, dispersibility being determined according to the industry standard HG/T2499-2006, and the results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from Table 1, the block-type polymeric dispersant prepared in the present invention can be used as a dispersant, and has high temperature resistance; when the dispersant is compounded with other additives, the performance is still good, and the overall temperature resistance is even higher than that of the high-temperature resistant dispersant reported in the literature. The data show that the dispersant of the invention has obvious superiority in temperature resistance. The invention is further made clear by combining the advantages of the invention in the preparation process.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, the block-type polymeric dispersant of example 2 had a 5% weight loss under heat of 380 ℃ and a 10% weight loss under heat of 450 ℃. This shows that the dispersant can be used at a temperature below 450 ℃ and has good temperature resistance. As can be seen from FIG. 3, when the temperature is raised to 450 ℃ or higher, the block-type polymeric dispersant starts to be rapidly decomposed; when the temperature is increased to 550 ℃, the residual carbon content of the block-type polymer dispersant is about 10 percent, and good temporary performance is shown.