阅读说明：本技术 一种受控热核聚变反应堆 (Controlled thermonuclear fusion reactor ) 是由 王亚平 张亚美 于 2019-09-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种核聚变反应堆。本发明涉及高能物理,尤其是离子对撞技术。本发明公布了一种离子束对撞技术,其特征是在离子束运行的路径引入一个电场来改变离子束中前端部分离子的运行速度,从而引起离子束中的离子发生碰撞；以及用该技术制造的具有很高的核子反应截面的核聚变反应堆。本发明反应堆中子剂量与控制灵活的电压相关,因此,可以用来制造以中子而不是电磁波为媒介的通讯装置,轻松实现10000千米以上直线距离信息传播。本发明适合用来生产廉价的清洁能源。如果将纳米级粉末输入反应堆中,本发明也可以用来制成散裂中子源。(A nuclear fusion reactor. The invention relates to high-energy physics, in particular to an ion clash technology. The invention discloses an ion beam collision technology, which is characterized in that an electric field is introduced into an ion beam running path to change the running speed of a front end separator in an ion beam, so that ions in the ion beam collide; and a nuclear fusion reactor having a high nuclear reaction cross section, which is manufactured by using the technology. The neutron dose of the reactor is related to the voltage which is flexibly controlled, so that the reactor can be used for manufacturing a communication device which takes neutrons as a medium instead of electromagnetic waves, and the information transmission of the linear distance of more than 10000 kilometers can be easily realized. The invention is suitable for producing cheap clean energy. The invention can also be used to make a spallation neutron source if nanoscale powders are fed into the reactor.)

1. An ion beam collision technique features that an electric field is introduced to the path of ion beam to decrease the speed of ion movement.

2. A thermal nuclear reactor is composed of ion transport channel consisting of straight glass tube and ring glass tube, electrodes and coils, and features that two anodes and one cathode are arranged in said ion transport channel.

3. A thermal nuclear reactor is characterized in that two toroidal coils are arranged on an ion transport channel.

4. A thermal nuclear reactor is characterized in that a glass straight tube and an annular glass tube are crossed and communicated.

5. A thermal nuclear reactor is characterized in that a magnetic field is arranged at the crossed and through position of a straight glass tube and an annular glass tube.

6. A neutron-mediated communication device comprising the thermonuclear reactor of claim 2.

7. A spallation neutron source comprising the thermonuclear reactor of claim 2.

8. An ion collider comprising the thermonuclear reactor of claim 2.

Technical Field

The invention relates to high-energy physics, in particular to an ion clash technology.

Technical Field

The basic physical process of thermonuclear fusion is that the low atomic number nuclei in high-speed motion collide with each other and fuse to generate high atomic number atoms. Since nuclear fusion reactions are often accompanied by huge energy production, a controlled nuclear fusion energy production has been sought for more than 60 years since the first hydrogen bomb explosion in 1952. At present, the controlled thermonuclear fusion exploration technique is mainly the so-called "tokamak", a device that magnetically constrains the behavior of ions. In a tokamak cavity made of metal, the high-temperature ion behavior is restrained by a magnetic field and cannot collide with the tube wall. However, because the high-temperature plasmas in the tokamak cavity have large space and contain a large amount of electrons, the energy required to be input when the tokamak generates nuclear fusion reaction is far larger than the output energy which can be collected by the fusion reaction, namely the output-input ratio (Q value) of the energy is far smaller than 1; meanwhile, the gas input into the tokamak can be heated at extremely high temperature to change normal temperature gas into high-temperature plasma to participate in nuclear fusion reaction, so that the tokamak can not work continuously for a long time, and the tokamak in all models has no practical value all the time. Another more versatile controlled thermonuclear fusion exploration technique is "inertial confinement" which was first proposed by the expert King ceramic Changchang, two missions and one star in our country in the last 60 th century. Currently, the U.S. military has more researches on the technology, the main scheme is that a plurality of beams of laser are simultaneously emitted to a D-T pellet, and the hydrogen bomb explosion process is expected to be simulated to form the hydrogen isotopes in the pellet to generate centripetal high pressure so as to realize nuclear fusion. However, since the laser beam gap is too large, hydrogen atoms escape in a large amount during laser irradiation, and this scheme also has no practical value.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention discloses an ion beam clash technology and a nuclear reactor which is manufactured by the technology and can generate controlled thermonuclear fusion. The basic structure of the reactor is shown in figure 1. The electrical connections of the reactor are shown in figure 2.

The working process is as follows: working gas is filled in the gas bottle (10), the vacuum pump (8) is opened, and the gas flow-limiting valve (9) is adjusted to maintain the low pressure in the glass tube to be 10-100 pa. Then, the power is turned on. After the reactor is electrified, because the first anode (1) is cylindrical, a high-voltage electric field is formed around the electrode, and positive ions are generated by the high-voltage electric field and break down the gas in the glass tube. The positive ions fly to the cathode (3) through the opening (7) at the tail end of the glass straight tube under the action of the electric field.

The working principle is as follows: as shown in FIG. 1, the reactor of the present invention has two anodes and three cathodes in ion transport. Wherein, the first anode (1) is a columnar electrode, the other two electrodes, the second anode (2) and the cathode (3) are planar electrodes. Therefore, when the reactor is electrified, cations are generated near the first anode (1) and break down the gas, and electrons are absorbed by the first anode (1). The positive ions can diffuse to the inner wall of the glass tube in the process of transmitting to the cathode through the glass straight tube (5). Because of no neutralization of electrons, cations diffused to the inner wall of the glass tube form an electric field pointing to the axis of the glass tube in the tube cavity of the glass straight tube (5), so that other cations in the tube are converged towards the axis of the glass tube. When the positive ions reach the vicinity of the high-frequency coil (4), the moving speed of part of the positive ions is reduced and even the moving direction is reversed under the action of the high-frequency electric field. These cations, which have a reduced velocity or a reversed direction of motion, will collide with other cations coming behind the first anode (1). Under the action of the electric field on the glass tube wall, all cations can automatically converge towards the axis of the glass tube, so that the probability (reaction section) of cation collision fusion is greatly increased. When the positive ions reach the cathode (3), electrons are knocked out of the surface of the cathode (3). Due to the existence of the second anode (2), the electrons are greatly absorbed by the second anode (2), so that the opportunity that the electrons enter the glass straight tube (5) is reduced, and the electric field of the tube wall of the glass straight tube (5) which is directed to the axis of the glass tube is maintained. In order to make the surface of the cathode more absorbed by the electrons collided by the positive ions, the second anode (2) has a larger area than the cathode and is closer to the tail end opening (7) of the straight glass tube.

Furthermore, in order to increase the ion collision chance, the straight glass tube (5) is crossed and communicated with the annular glass tube (6).

Furthermore, in order to increase the chance that ions enter the annular glass tube (6) from the glass straight tube (5), a magnetic field (0) is arranged at the position where the ions cross and penetrate through the glass straight tube and the annular glass tube.

The reactor of the present invention has two operation modes of pulse and ignition.

[009] pulsed mode of operation: namely, the high-voltage electric field in the glass tube exists continuously in a pulse type charging and discharging mode of the high-voltage capacitor. In the working mode, the yield of neutrons is positively correlated with the charging voltage and the discharging frequency of the high-voltage capacitor. Suitable for making neutron, rather than electromagnetic wave mediated communication links. The specific procedure of the pulse operation mode will be described in detail in embodiment 1.

[010] ignition mode of operation: the working principle of the fluorescent lamp is similar to that of a fluorescent lamp. After the nuclear fusion reaction in the glass tube is initiated in the pulse working mode, the electric field state in the glass tube is maintained by using lower voltage, so that the nuclear fusion reaction can be continued, and the low input and high output of the nuclear fusion reaction energy are realized. Details of the ignition operation mode will be described in detail in embodiment 2.

The working gas of the present invention is not limited to specific gas atoms having low atomic numbers such as deuterium (D), tritium (T), helium (He), and the like. If special materials, such as solid materials rich in neutrons, are ground into small solid particles on the nanometer scale, and a sufficiently high voltage is applied to the reactor, the small solid particle radicals can be ionized, collided, spalled and generate neutrons like gas atoms.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention. 0 is a magnetic field, 1 is a first anode, 2 is a second anode, 3 is a cathode, 4 is a high-frequency coil, 5 is a glass straight tube, 6 is an annular glass tube, 7 is an opening at the tail end of the glass straight tube, 8 is a vacuum pump, 9 is a gas flow-limiting valve, and 10 is a gas bottle. Wherein, the magnetic field (0) is two permanent magnets which are mutually attracted, and the first anode (1) is a brass cylinder with the diameter of 1 mm. The second anode (2) and the cathode (3) are stainless steel flat plates and are respectively positioned at two sides of the annular glass tube (6). The second anode (2) is larger than the cathode (3) in area and is closer to the tail end opening (7) of the glass straight tube. The inner diameter of the glass straight pipe (5) is 8mm, the outer diameter is 10mm, and the length is 500 mm. The inner diameter of the annular glass tube (6) is 8mm, and the outer diameter is 10 mm; the inner diameter of the ring is 40mm, and the outer diameter is 60 mm.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of electrical connection in embodiment 1. 11 is a high-voltage direct-current pulse power supply, 12 is a first direct-current power supply, and 13 is a high-frequency generator. Wherein, the high-voltage direct current pulse power supply (11) is a 10-grade Marx generator. The capacity of each stage of capacitor is 2000pF, and the voltage is 20 kv. The positive pole of the Marx generator is connected with the first anode. The positive electrode of the first direct current power supply (12) is connected with the second anode and outputs 3000 v. The high-frequency generator (13) has the frequency of 30kHz and the voltage of 20 kv.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of electrical connection in embodiment 2 of the present invention. Reference numeral 14 denotes a second dc power supply, and 15 denotes a high-voltage ballast stack. The voltage of the second direct current power supply (14) is 110kv, and the anode of the second direct current power supply is connected with the anode of the high-voltage ballast stack. The high-voltage ballast stack (15) resists the voltage of 400kv, and the negative electrode is connected with the first anode.

Examples

Example 1: pulse mode of operation

The structure is shown in figure 1, and the connection relationship of the electric appliances is shown in figure 2. The neutron recorder is a SIMMAX N3130 personal neutron dosimeter produced by Shanghai New sensing technology research and development Limited. Helium for the present example (⁴He) and deuterium (D) gases were used as the working gases for the experiments, respectively. During the experiment, the air pressure in the glass straight pipe (5) is 10-100 pa, and the discharge frequency is 3 Hz.

As a result: to be provided with⁴When He is working gas, the cumulative neutron dose of the neutron dosimeter is 7.05mSv recorded at 1000 mm for 7 seconds outside the middle part of the glass straight tube (5). The neutron dose rate thus estimated is about 3600 mSv/h.

And (4) calculating: neutron dose rate at 10000 km:

Z＝3.6x10⁷/4 R²＝0.29x10^-7Sv/h。

and (4) conclusion: the use specification of the N3130 personal neutron dosimeter shows that the maximum sensitivity of the product is 0.1 uSv/h. The external neutron dose rate of 10000 km measured in the embodiment is 0.29x10^-7μSv/h. Thus, with negligible attenuation of neutron propagation by air, such as communication between satellites, neutrons emitted at one location with 10000 glass tubes can be detected by a 1000N 3130 personal neutron dosimeter in a group out of 10000 km, even using existing techniques, thus achieving 10000 km neutron mediated communication.

Deuterium D is used as working gas, and the neutron cumulative quantity of the neutron dosimeter at 1000 mm of the outer side of the middle of the glass straight tube (5) for 7 seconds is 639 mu Sv. The estimated neutron dose rate is about 360 mSv/h. Neutron yield is under the same condition⁴10% of He.

Example 2: ignition mode of operation

The so-called ignition operation mode is to firstly break down the working gas in the glass tube and initiate the nuclear fusion reaction by using the pulse operation mode of the embodiment 1. Then, the glass straight tube (5) is maintained to be conductive by a relatively low voltage. The main structure of the present embodiment is substantially the same as that of embodiment 1, except that a high-voltage ballast stack (15) and a second dc power supply (14) are added on the basis of embodiment 1. The connection relationship of the electric appliances is shown in fig. 3. In the embodiment, a glass water tank with the length of 200mm, the width of 300mm and the height of 280mm which are filled with tap water (light water) is arranged at the position of 500mm outside the glass straight pipe (5). Insert 2 thermometer probes sensitive only 1/1000 degrees celsius. The first probe is 50mm away from the side of the water vat, and the distance between the probes is 100 mm. Experimental data is being collected.