阅读说明：本技术 种猪的管理与饲养方法 (Management and feeding method of breeding pigs ) 是由 赵祖凯 杨华威 杨和伟 于 2020-12-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种种猪的管理与饲养方法,涉及种猪饲养管理的技术领域。它包括对种猪定期安排药物净化,以清除种猪身上细菌和种猪内外寄生虫；对母猪进行配种,并将配种后的母猪的妊娠阶段分成三个妊娠时期,对每头妊娠母猪至少做两次超声波妊娠检测,临产前1个月将妊娠母猪转入产房,保证进产房前临产母猪背膘厚度达20～24mm；让临产母猪进行分娩,从母猪分娩的第三天开始采食量逐步提高,并从分娩的第七天起,夏天采食量达到6.0kg/天,冬天采食量达到6.5kg/天；保持断奶后的母猪的背膘厚度维持在18～20mm,并保持21日龄断奶仔猪平均重量不小于6.0kg。本发明通过精确的数据支撑,能降低人工误判对母猪饲养的影响。(The invention relates to a method for managing and feeding breeding pigs, and relates to the technical field of breeding pig feeding management. The method comprises the steps of regularly arranging medicine purification on the breeding pigs to eliminate bacteria on the breeding pigs and parasites inside and outside the breeding pigs; the method comprises the following steps of (1) mating sows, dividing the gestation period of the mated sows into three gestation periods, performing ultrasonic pregnancy detection at least twice on each pregnant sow, transferring the pregnant sows into a delivery room 1 month before delivery, and ensuring that the backfat thickness of the pre-delivered sows reaches 20-24 mm before entering the delivery room; the parturition of the antenatal sow is carried out, the feed intake is gradually increased from the third day of the parturition of the sow, and from the seventh day of the parturition, the feed intake in summer reaches 6.0 kg/day, and the feed intake in winter reaches 6.5 kg/day; keeping the back fat thickness of the sow after weaning at 18-20 mm, and keeping the average weight of weaned piglets at 21 days not less than 6.0 kg. According to the sow feeding method, the influence of artificial misjudgment on sow feeding can be reduced through accurate data support.)

1. A method for managing and raising pigs is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, regularly arranging medicine purification on the breeding pigs to eliminate the bacteria on the breeding pigs and the parasites inside and outside the breeding pigs;

s2, mating the sows, and dividing the gestation period of the mated sows into three gestation periods, wherein the three gestation periods are respectively the early gestation period, the early gestation period and the late gestation period, the body condition of the pregnant sows at the early gestation period is kept to be 2.0-3.5 min, the body condition of the pregnant sows at the early gestation period is 3.0-3.5 min, and the body condition of the pregnant sows at the late gestation period is 3.5-4.0 min;

s3, ultrasonic pregnancy detection is carried out on each pregnant sow at least twice, the pregnant sow is transferred into a delivery room 1 month before delivery, the pregnant sow is subjected to bath one week before delivery, and the backfat thickness of the sow before delivery reaches 20-24 mm;

s4, delivering the antenatal sow, wherein the feed intake is gradually increased from the third day of the sow delivery, and from the seventh day of the delivery, the feed intake in summer reaches 6.0 kg/day, and the feed intake in winter reaches 6.5 kg/day;

and S5, keeping the back fat thickness of the weaned sow at 18-20 mm, and keeping the average weight of the weaned piglets at 21 days not less than 6.0 kg.

2. The method for managing and feeding the breeding pigs according to claim 1, wherein for pregnant sows in 0-12 days of gestation, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 1.8kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows in 0-12 days of gestation is kept to be not less than 2.0 points; for pregnant sows in 13-30 days of gestation, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 1.8-2.3 kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows in 13-30 days of gestation is 3.0-3.5.

3. The method for managing and feeding the breeding pigs according to claim 2, wherein the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 1.8-3.2 kg for pregnant sows at 31-60 days of gestation, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows at 31-60 days of gestation is kept at 3.0-3.5 points; for pregnant sows in 61-85 days of gestation, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 2.5-3.5 kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows in 13-30 days of gestation is 3.0-3.5.

4. The method for managing and feeding the breeding pigs according to claim 3, wherein the feeding amount of each pregnant sow for 86-110 days of gestation is 2.8-3.5 kg, the pregnant sow is fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sow for 86-110 days of gestation is kept between 3.5 and 4.0; for pregnant sows from 110 days of gestation to delivery, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 2.2-3.5 kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows from 110 days of gestation to delivery is kept to be 3.5-4.0.

5. The method for managing and raising the breeding pigs according to claim 4, wherein the temperature of the pig house during the gestation period is 16-18 ℃.

6. The method for managing and raising breeding pigs according to claim 5, wherein the raising amount is increased by 1.0kg per day for pregnant sows having a body condition score of less than 1.0 during the three gestation periods of the whole sow; for pregnant sows with a body condition score of 1.0-2.0, the feeding amount is increased by 0.5kg per day.

7. The method for managing and raising breeding pigs according to claim 6, wherein the ultrasound examination is performed once for the bred sows in 28-35 th day of gestation and once again in 36-48 th day of gestation.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the pre-term piggery temperature is: the temperature of the pigsty is 18-22 ℃, and the relative temperature of the pigsty is 60-70%.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of breeding pig feeding management, in particular to a breeding pig management and feeding method.

Background

During pregnancy and parturition of sows, reasonable nutrition and standard physical conditions can ensure the health conditions of sows and piglets after farrowing, however, in a pig raising factory before improvement, the feeding of sows corresponding to pregnancy is based on the experience of technicians, accurate data support is not provided, misjudgment and other conditions often occur, and unnecessary loss is caused.

A Chinese patent with publication number CN107410680A is searched, and discloses a feeding method of sows in gestation and lactation, which comprises the steps of feeding in gestation and lactation, and quantitatively feeding the sows in each period by specially configured gestation feed and lactation feed to balance the nutrition required by the sows in each period, and effectively improve the litter size and the farrowing quality of the sows. The fetus protection is carried out by using the fetus protection agent in three periods of gestational period which are easy to cause embryonic death, so that the number of embryonic deaths can be greatly reduced.

In view of the above-mentioned related technical solutions, the inventor believes that the feeding method for the sow can effectively protect the fetus of the sow, but the feeding and management process is lack of accurate data support, so that misjudgment and other situations are easily caused during the feeding process, and therefore, improvement is needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a pig management and feeding method which has the advantages of accurate data support and capability of reducing the influence of artificial misjudgment on the physical condition of a sow.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:

a method for managing and raising breeding pigs comprises the following steps:

s1, regularly arranging medicine purification on the breeding pigs to eliminate the bacteria on the breeding pigs and the parasites inside and outside the breeding pigs;

s2, mating the sows, and dividing the gestation period of the mated sows into three gestation periods, wherein the three gestation periods are respectively the early gestation period, the early gestation period and the late gestation period, the body condition of the pregnant sows at the early gestation period is kept to be 2.0-3.5 min, the body condition of the pregnant sows at the early gestation period is 3.0-3.5 min, and the body condition of the pregnant sows at the late gestation period is 3.5-4.0 min;

s3, ultrasonic pregnancy detection is carried out on each pregnant sow at least twice, the pregnant sow is transferred into a delivery room 1 month before delivery, the pregnant sow is subjected to bath one week before delivery, and the backfat thickness of the sow before delivery reaches 20-24 mm;

s4, delivering the antenatal sow, wherein the feed intake is gradually increased from the third day of the sow delivery, and from the seventh day of the delivery, the feed intake in summer reaches 6.0 kg/day, and the feed intake in winter reaches 6.5 kg/day;

and S5, keeping the back fat thickness of the weaned sow at 18-20 mm, and keeping the average weight of the weaned piglets at 21 days not less than 6.0 kg.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the backfat thickness of the antenatal sow reaches 20 ~ 24mm and can let the sow can return fat fast after parturition, and simultaneously, control the backfat thickness of the sow after weaning, can guarantee that the sow is in suitable health state all the time, it can let the health of sow healthier to clear away bacterium and parasite, improve the health condition (the body condition score) of sow, evaluate the health condition of sow with the mode that the body condition was scored at sow gestation, thereby let the health condition of gestation sow have accurate data to support, and then reduce the influence that artifical erroneous judgement was raised the sow.

The invention can be further configured in a preferable example that for pregnant sows at 0-12 days of gestation, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 1.8kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows at 0-12 days of gestation is kept to be not less than 2.0 min; for pregnant sows in 13-30 days of gestation, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 1.8-2.3 kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows in 13-30 days of gestation is 3.0-3.5.

By adopting the technical scheme, the physical condition of the sow in the early pregnancy can be accurately mastered, so that the pregnant sow is kept in a proper physical state all the time.

The invention can be further configured in a better example that for pregnant sows at 31-60 days of gestation, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 1.8-3.2 kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows at 31-60 days of gestation is 3.0-3.5; for pregnant sows in 61-85 days of gestation, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 2.5-3.5 kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows in 13-30 days of gestation is 3.0-3.5.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, this application can accurately master the sow health of gestation early to keep the pregnant sow of this application in suitable health state all the time.

The invention can be further configured in a better example that for the pregnant sows at the day of 86-110 pregnancy, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 2.8-3.5 kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows at the day of 86-110 pregnancy is kept to be 3.5-4.0; for pregnant sows from 110 days of gestation to delivery, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 2.2-3.5 kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows from 110 days of gestation to delivery is kept to be 3.5-4.0.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, this application can accurately master the sow health in gestation later stage to keep the pregnant sow of this application in suitable health state all the time.

In a preferred example, the temperature of the pigsty during the gestation period is 16-18 ℃.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, carry out accurate control to gestational period pig house temperature, can let the pig house be fit for pregnant sow and live to keep the pregnant sow of this application in suitable health state all the time.

The invention in a preferred example can be further configured to increase the feeding amount by 1.0kg per day for pregnant sows with a body condition score less than 1.0 point during the three gestation periods of the whole sow; for pregnant sows with a body condition score of 1.0-2.0, the feeding amount is increased by 0.5kg per day.

By adopting the technical scheme, the physical state of the pregnant sow can be obviously improved, and the sow can quickly return to a proper physical state.

The invention in a preferred example can be further configured such that the ultrasound examination is performed once on a mated sow during 28-35 gestation days and once again during 36-48 gestation days.

By adopting the technical scheme, the sow body can be ensured to be always in a proper state through the two ultrasonic pregnancy examinations.

The present invention in a preferred example may be further configured such that the temperature of the pre-partum piggery is: the temperature of the pigsty is 18-22 ℃, and the relative temperature of the pigsty is 60-70%.

Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, carry out accurate control to the pigsty temperature of the period of just parturiting, can let the pigsty be fit for the sow of just parturiting and live to keep the sow of just parturiting of this application in suitable health state all the time.

In summary, the invention includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

1. the backfat thickness of the antenatal sow reaches 20-24 mm, so that the sow can quickly backfat after delivery, and meanwhile, the backfat thickness of the weaned sow is controlled, so that the sow can be always in a proper body state, bacteria and parasites are removed, the body of the sow can be healthier, and the body condition score of the sow is improved;

2. the physical condition of the sow is evaluated in a body condition scoring mode in the gestation period of the sow, so that the physical condition of the sow in the gestation period has accurate data support, and the influence of artificial misjudgment on the feeding of the sow is reduced;

3. through two times of ultrasonic pregnancy examinations, the temperature of a pigsty in the gestation period and the temperature of a pigsty in the labor period can be controlled, and the conditions can be guaranteed.

Detailed Description

The application mainly aims at the problem that the feeding of pig (pregnant sows and antenatal sows) by pig farms before improvement is based on the experience of technicians and has no accurate data support, and provides a pig management and feeding method, which realizes accurate grasp of the physical conditions of the pig in the gestation period and the antenatal period through data, thereby reducing the influence of manual misjudgment on the physical conditions of the sows.

In practical work, the application provides a method for managing and feeding breeding pigs, which comprises the following steps:

s1, arranging medicine purification to the breeding pigs regularly (such as every month) to eliminate the bacteria on the breeding pigs and the parasites inside and outside the breeding pigs;

in actual work, in order to prevent the breeding pigs from generating bacterial infection, 1 kg/ton of 10% amoxicillin, 0.5 kg/ton of 20% tilmicosin and 0.5 kg/ton of 10% florfenicol can be added into the feed, and meanwhile, health vitamins (multi-vitamins) can also be added into the feed.

Simultaneously, this application can adopt ivermectin and albendazole to carry out the injection expelling parasite to pregnant sow, also can adopt doubly, the trichlorfon carries out the expelling parasite, the breeding pig adds medicine purification bacterium 1 ~ 2 times every month after returning to the field, use 5 ~ 7 days (with the prevention pass chest, pneumonia mycoplasma, can enteritis, dysentery, the nose withered, bow, chlamydia are main) at every turn, simultaneously, can also carry out health care work to the pig domestication phase every month when adding medicine purification, can adopt the medicine to cooperate during the health care.

During actual work, the health care of the breeding pigs can be realized by adopting the following medicines: 1. comprises 1 kg/ton of 10 percent amoxicillin; 2. 80% original clean 0.2 kg/ton +10% doxycycline 1 kg/ton; 3. 80% of pure mycoplasma 0.2 kg/ton +10% of doxycycline 1 kg/ton +10% of amoxicillin 1 kg/ton; 4. 0.4-0.6 kg/ton of 20% tavermectin and 1 kg/ton of 10% doxycycline.

S2, mating the sows, and dividing the gestation period of the mated sows into three gestation periods, wherein the three gestation periods are respectively the early gestation period, the early gestation period and the late gestation period, the body condition of the pregnant sows at the early gestation period is kept to be 2.0-3.5 min, the body condition of the pregnant sows at the early gestation period is 3.0-3.5 min, and the body condition of the pregnant sows at the late gestation period is 3.5-4.0 min;

in actual work, the temperature of the pig house in the gestation period is 16-18 ℃, and the relative humidity is 60% -70%, so that the pregnant sow is always in a proper physical state. Meanwhile, the pregnant sow in the early stage of pregnancy refers to a sow bred for 0-30 days, the pregnant sow in the early stage of pregnancy refers to a sow bred for 31-85 days, and the pregnant sow in the later stage of pregnancy refers to a sow bred for 86-110 days.

During the actual work, this application equally divide the sow of early pregnancy, gestation earlier stage and gestation later stage into raising for two stages, specifically do: for pregnant sows at 0-12 days of gestation, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 1.8kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows at 0-12 days of gestation is kept to be not less than 2.0 (preferably 2.0-2.5); for pregnant sows in 13-30 days of gestation, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 1.8-2.3 kg (preferably 2.0 kg), the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition of the pregnant sows which keep 13-30 days of gestation is 3.0-3.5 (preferably 3.2). Thus, the sow in the early gestation period can be kept in a proper physical state all the time.

In actual work, for pregnant sows at 31-60 days of gestation, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 1.8-3.2 kg (preferably 2.5 kg), the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows at 31-60 days of gestation is 3.2; for pregnant sows in 61-85 days of gestation, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 3.0 kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows kept 13-30 days of gestation is 3.2. Thus, the pregnant sow in the early stage of pregnancy can be kept in a proper physical state all the time.

In actual work, for pregnant sows in 86-110 days of gestation, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 2.8-3.5 kg (preferably 3.2 kg), the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows in 86-110 days of gestation is 3.8; for pregnant sows from 110 days of gestation to delivery, the feeding amount of each pregnant sow is 2.8kg, the pregnant sows are fed twice a day, and the body condition score of the pregnant sows from 110 days of gestation to delivery is kept to be 3.8. Therefore, the sow in the later stage of pregnancy can be kept in a proper physical state all the time.

S3, ultrasonic pregnancy detection is carried out on each pregnant sow at least twice, the pregnant sow is transferred into a delivery room 1 month before delivery, the pregnant sow is subjected to bath one week before delivery, and the backfat thickness of the sow before delivery reaches 20-24 mm;

during actual work, the temperature of the pigsty in the temporary period is as follows: the temperature of the pigsty is 18-22 ℃, and the relative temperature of the pigsty is 60-70%. During actual work, the sow is put on an obstetric table 7 days before delivery, the sow is cleaned and disinfected before the sow is put on the obstetric table, ectoparasites are removed once until the safe and expected delivery period of a delivery house is arranged in sequence, and the vulva, the breasts, the legs and the hips of the sow are cleaned by 0.1 percent KMnO4 disinfectant solution before delivery.

Preferably, the two ultrasonic pregnancy tests of the present application are respectively: the ultrasonic examination is carried out on the bred sows once in 28-35 th day of gestation, and the ultrasonic examination is carried out on the bred sows once in 36-48 th day of gestation. Thus, with the help of two ultrasonic pregnancy examinations, the sow body can be always in a proper state.

S4, delivering the antenatal sow, wherein the feed intake is gradually increased from the third day of the sow delivery, and from the seventh day of the delivery, the feed intake in summer reaches 6.0 kg/day, and the feed intake in winter reaches 6.5 kg/day;

during the actual work, the pig house that sow after parturition lives will carry out fence house cleaning and disinfecting, and will thoroughly when disinfecting, specific: the materials are washed by clear water in the sequence from top to bottom, and the materials after washing are natural in color. After washing and drying, selecting proper disinfectant (such as potassium permanganate, 5% iodine tincture, disinfectant water, antibiotics and the like) for 1-3 times of disinfection, keeping the pen dry before each disinfection, keeping the pen in the empty pen for more than 7 days for standby, and disinfecting the drinking system by using a special water pipe cleaning system.

And S5, keeping the back fat thickness of the weaned sow at 18-20 mm, and keeping the average weight of the weaned piglets at 21 days not less than 6.0 kg.

In actual work, the feeding amount of pregnant sows with body condition scores less than 1.0 is increased by 1.0kg every day in three gestation periods and delivery periods of the whole sows; for pregnant sows with a body condition score of 1.0-2.0, the feeding amount is increased by 0.5kg per day. Therefore, the physical state of the pregnant sow can be obviously improved, and the sow can quickly return to a proper physical state.

During actual work, the pregnant sow fat control device is combined with an advanced instrument and equipment backfat instrument, so that the body condition and the nutrition data of the pregnant sow are accurately measured, the body condition and the nutrition data of the sow are converted into data, and accurate material control feeding is carried out on each pregnant time period of the pregnant sow in combination with a sow body condition evaluation table, so that the body conditions of the pregnant sow and piglets born by the pregnant sow can be guaranteed, the later-period growth of the piglets is facilitated, the piglets born by the pregnant sow are recovered, the quick backfat of the sow can be guaranteed, the non-pregnant period is shortened, and the number of nests born in the year is increased.

In actual work, the quality of air in the pigsty depends on the concentration of harmful gas, the content of microorganisms in the air and the concentration of dust particles, and the maximum ammonia concentration in the pigsty should not exceed 7.5 mg/L, otherwise, the pigsty is negatively affected. The high ammonia concentration can obviously reduce the oestrus proportion of the replacement gilts, and people can not smell peculiar smell when entering the piggery.

In actual work, the sow can be quickly backfat after delivery, the sow is guaranteed to be always in a proper body state, the body of the sow can be healthier, the body condition score of the sow is improved, the body condition of the sow is evaluated in a body condition scoring mode in the gestation period of the sow, and therefore accurate data support is provided for the body condition of the sow in the gestation period, and the influence of artificial misjudgment on sow feeding is reduced.

The embodiments of the present invention are preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these embodiments, so: all equivalent changes made according to the structure, shape and principle of the invention are covered by the protection scope of the invention.