阅读说明：本技术 一种具有带内方向图多样性的微带天线和制造方法 (Microstrip antenna with in-band directional diagram diversity and manufacturing method ) 是由 臧家伟 王守源 潘娟 安少赓 于 2021-06-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本申请公开了一种具有带内方向图多样性的微带天线,包括：U形辐射贴片,包含两个相同的长方形贴片,沿长方形贴片的宽度方向排列并由细贴片相连,使两个长方形贴片位于细贴片的同一侧；馈电的位置在细贴片另一侧的中央；宽寄生贴片,位于两个长方形贴片之间,两侧各有一窄寄生贴片,整体上形成对称结构；所述宽寄生贴片、窄寄生贴片、U形辐射贴片之间由空隙隔开。本申请还包含所述微带天线的制造方法。本申请使天线在带内不同频率具有不同的辐射方向图。(The application discloses microstrip antenna with in-band directional diagram diversity includes: the U-shaped radiation patch comprises two identical rectangular patches which are arranged along the width direction of the rectangular patches and connected by the thin patch, so that the two rectangular patches are positioned on the same side of the thin patch; the position of feeding is in the center of the other side of the thin patch; the wide parasitic patch is positioned between the two rectangular patches, and the two sides of the wide parasitic patch are respectively provided with a narrow parasitic patch, so that a symmetrical structure is formed on the whole; the wide parasitic patch, the narrow parasitic patch and the U-shaped radiating patch are separated by a gap. The application also comprises a manufacturing method of the microstrip antenna. The present application enables antennas to have different radiation patterns at different frequencies within a band.)

1. A microstrip antenna having in-band directional pattern diversity comprising:

the U-shaped radiation patch comprises two identical rectangular patches which are arranged along the width direction of the rectangular patches and connected by the thin patch, so that the two rectangular patches are positioned on the same side of the thin patch; the position of feeding is in the center of the other side of the thin patch;

the wide parasitic patch is positioned between the two rectangular patches, and the two sides of the wide parasitic patch are respectively provided with a narrow parasitic patch, so that a symmetrical structure is formed on the whole; the wide parasitic patch, the narrow parasitic patch and the U-shaped radiating patch are separated by a gap.

2. The microstrip antenna having in-band pattern diversity according to claim 1,

the size of the microstrip antenna in the symmetrical direction is more than 2 times of the size of the microstrip antenna in the vertical direction.

3. The microstrip antenna having in-band pattern diversity according to claim 1,

the microstrip feed line has a length of 0.52 times the dielectric wavelength and a width of 0.058 times the dielectric wavelength.

4. The microstrip antenna according to any of claims 1 to 3 having in-band pattern diversity,

the length of the rectangular patch is 0.5 times of the medium wavelength, and the width of the rectangular patch is 0.44 times of the medium wavelength.

5. The microstrip antenna according to any of claims 1 to 3 having in-band pattern diversity,

the length of the thin patch connected between the two rectangular patches is 0.92 times of the medium wavelength, and the width of the thin patch is 0.0077 times of the medium wavelength.

6. The microstrip antenna according to any of claims 1 to 3 having in-band pattern diversity,

the length of the wide parasitic patch is 0.45 times of the medium wavelength, and the width of the wide parasitic patch is 0.4 times of the medium wavelength.

7. The microstrip antenna according to any of claims 1 to 3 having in-band pattern diversity,

the length of the narrow parasitic patch is 0.45 times of the medium wavelength, and the width of the narrow parasitic patch is 0.077 times of the medium wavelength.

8. The microstrip antenna according to any of claims 1 to 3 having in-band pattern diversity,

the gap between the narrow parasitic patch and the wide parasitic patch is 0.039 times of the medium wavelength, and the distance between the narrow parasitic patch and the rectangular radiation patch is 0.145 times of the medium wavelength.

9. A method for manufacturing a microstrip antenna, for implementing the microstrip antenna with diversity of in-band directional patterns according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:

changing the size of the microstrip antenna in the symmetrical direction and the size of the microstrip antenna in the vertical direction to enable two resonance frequencies generated by the microstrip antenna to reach target values;

and changing the positions of the wide parasitic patch and the narrow parasitic patch to enable the generated third resonant frequency to reach the target value.

10. The method for manufacturing a microstrip antenna according to claim 9 further comprising the steps of:

the length and the width of the microstrip feeder line are adjusted to enable the microstrip characteristic impedance to reach a set value.

And adjusting the lengths, the widths and the gaps of the rectangular radiating patch, the wide parasitic patch and the narrow parasitic patch to enable the echo characteristic of the antenna to reach the target value.

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of wireless communications technologies, and in particular, to a microstrip antenna with diversity of in-band patterns and a method for manufacturing the microstrip antenna.

Background

In the past decades, mobile communication has progressed from 1G (first generation mobile communication) to 5G, and the antenna morphology has gradually evolved from an omni-directional radiation antenna to a tunable multi-beam radiation antenna. And the antenna spectrum is further improved, the bandwidth is further increased, emerging applications such as the Internet of vehicles and the Internet of things are rapidly developed, and more requirements are provided for the antenna.

The single-beam directional antenna has the advantages of high gain and large coverage radius, but the horizontal plane coverage angle is small. The wide-beam directional antenna can maintain directional radiation, and meanwhile, the horizontal plane coverage angle is larger, so that more users can be accommodated. Compared with a single-beam antenna, the dual-beam antenna can simultaneously cover two areas, and has prominent advantages in a specific scene.

Microstrip antennas have the advantages of miniaturization, planarization, light weight and the like, and are rapidly developed and used in the civil and military fields. Conventional microstrip antennas have a single frequency radiation characteristic throughout the band, usually either qualitative or omnidirectional radiation. Now, with the increase of mobile communication frequency spectrum and the demand of various communication scenes in different industries, the miniaturization, integration and multi-functionalization of antennas have become a development trend. How to realize a microstrip antenna with in-band frequency pattern diversity without depending on a plurality of antennas is to be solved by the present application.

Disclosure of Invention

The embodiment of the application provides a microstrip antenna with diversity of an in-band directional diagram and a manufacturing method, which solve the problem of how to realize the diversity of the in-band directional diagram through one antenna and enable the antenna to have different radiation directional diagrams at different frequencies in a band.

The embodiment of the application provides a microstrip antenna with in-band directional diagram diversity, includes:

the U-shaped radiation patch comprises two identical rectangular patches which are arranged along the width direction of the rectangular patches and connected by the thin patch, so that the two rectangular patches are positioned on the same side of the thin patch; the feed position is in the center of the other side of the thin patch; the wide parasitic patch is positioned between the two rectangular patches, and the two sides of the wide parasitic patch are respectively provided with a narrow parasitic patch, so that a symmetrical structure is formed on the whole; the wide parasitic patch, the narrow parasitic patch and the U-shaped radiating patch are separated by a gap.

Preferably, the dimension of the microstrip antenna in the symmetrical direction is more than 2 times of the dimension in the vertical direction.

Preferably, the microstrip feed line has a length of 0.52 dielectric wavelength and a width of 0.058 dielectric wavelength.

In any embodiment of the present application, at least one of the following dimensions is preferred:

the length of the rectangular patch is 0.5 times of the medium wavelength, and the width of the rectangular patch is 0.44 times of the medium wavelength.

The length of the thin patch connected between the two rectangular patches is 0.92 times of the medium wavelength, and the width of the thin patch is 0.0077 times of the medium wavelength.

The length of the wide parasitic patch is 0.45 times of the medium wavelength, and the width of the wide parasitic patch is 0.4 times of the medium wavelength.

The length of the narrow parasitic patch is 0.45 times of the medium wavelength, and the width of the narrow parasitic patch is 0.077 times of the medium wavelength.

The gap between the narrow parasitic patch and the wide parasitic patch is 0.039 times of the medium wavelength, and the distance between the narrow parasitic patch and the rectangular radiation patch is 0.145 times of the medium wavelength.

The application also provides a manufacturing method of the microstrip antenna, which is used for realizing the microstrip antenna with the diversity of the in-band directional diagram in any embodiment of the application, and the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

changing the size of the microstrip antenna in the symmetrical direction and the size of the microstrip antenna in the vertical direction to enable two resonance frequencies generated by the microstrip antenna to reach target values;

and changing the positions of the wide parasitic patch and the narrow parasitic patch to enable the generated third resonant frequency to reach the target value.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:

the length and the width of the microstrip feeder line are adjusted to enable the microstrip characteristic impedance to reach a set value.

And adjusting the lengths, the widths and the gaps of the rectangular radiating patch, the wide parasitic patch and the narrow parasitic patch to enable the echo characteristic of the antenna to reach the target value.

The embodiment of the application adopts at least one technical scheme which can achieve the following beneficial effects:

the antenna has three different radiation patterns at different frequencies within the band, including single beam directional radiation, wide beam directional radiation, and dual beam radiation. The antenna has a multifunctional radiation characteristic, and is beneficial to miniaturization of a communication system. Different frequencies in the band have different radiation patterns, and the multifunctional radiation device has the advantage of multiple functions. The antenna adopts a microstrip structure, and has the advantages of planarization, miniaturization and light weight. The working bandwidth of the antenna is 10%, and the broadband antenna has the characteristic of broadband.

The method and the device can be applied to specific communication scenes such as point-to-point communication, coverage enhancement and the like.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1(a) is a side view of an antenna;

FIG. 1(b) is a top view of an antenna structure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dimensional parameters of the top layer structure of the antenna;

FIG. 3 is a graph of return loss of an embodiment antenna;

FIG. 4 is an E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern for an embodiment antenna at 3.4 GHz;

FIG. 5 is an E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern for an embodiment antenna at 3.5 GHz;

FIG. 6 is an E-plane and H-plane radiation pattern for an embodiment antenna at 3.6 GHz;

fig. 7 shows the E-plane and H-plane radiation patterns of the embodiment antenna at 3.7 GHz.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail and completely with reference to the following specific embodiments of the present application and the accompanying drawings. It should be apparent that the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

The technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The microstrip antenna with diversity of in-band frequency directional patterns is a planar microstrip structure, and the top layer and the bottom layer are respectively printed on two sides of a dielectric substrate, as shown in fig. 1(a), 1 is a top layer radiation structure, 2 is a bottom layer metal floor, and 3 is a dielectric substrate.

The top layer radiating structure is shown in fig. 1(b), and is composed of a microstrip feed line 11, a U-shaped radiating patch 12, a wide parasitic patch 13, and a narrow parasitic patch pair 14.

The U-shaped radiating patch, which includes two identical rectangular patches 121, is arranged in the width direction of the rectangular patches and connected by a thin patch 122 so that the two rectangular patches are located on the same side of the thin patch.

The feed position is in the center of the other side of the thin patch, wherein the microstrip feed line 11 is a path for energy input and output, and the length and the width of the microstrip feed line are adjusted according to the impedance matching condition of the antenna; the U-shaped radiating patch 12 may generate two resonant frequencies that determine the in-band low-end resonant frequency f of the antenna_LAnd in-band high-end resonant frequency f_H。

The wide parasitic patch is positioned between the two rectangular patches, two narrow parasitic patches are respectively arranged on two sides of the wide parasitic patch, and the microstrip antenna integrally forms a symmetrical structure. The wide parasitic patch, the narrow parasitic patch and the U-shaped radiating patch are separated by a gap. The introduction of the wide parasitic patch 13 and the narrow parasitic patch pair 14 may result in a third resonance frequency f₀I.e. the center frequency. By adjusting the length and width of the U-shaped radiating patch 12, the wide parasitic patch 13 and the narrow parasitic patch pair 14 and each otherThe three resonant frequencies of the antenna and the impedance matching of the antenna can be changed, so that the antenna has good echo characteristics and can realize 10% of working bandwidth.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the dimensional parameters of the top layer structure of the antenna.

The dimension of the microstrip antenna in the symmetrical direction is more than 2 times of the dimension in the vertical direction, that is, the dimension in the y-axis direction needs to be kept more than twice of the dimension in the x-axis direction in the U-shaped radiation patch 12, and at this time, the U-shaped radiation patch can generate two adjacent resonant frequencies f_LAnd f_H，

After the wide parasitic patch 13 and the narrow parasitic patch pair 14 are introduced, the current can have three distribution modes on the U-shaped radiating patch, so that the antenna can have three different radiation patterns including single-beam directional radiation, wide-beam directional radiation and dual-beam radiation at different frequencies in a band.

The main physical principle behind the antenna having three different radiation patterns at different frequencies within the band is that there are three current distribution modes within the U-shaped radiating patch 12.

By introducing the wide parasitic patch 13 and the narrow parasitic patch pair 14, a third resonance frequency f is generated₀In addition, antenna impedance matching is also improved. The length and width of the U-shaped radiating patch 12, wide parasitic patch 13 and narrow parasitic patch pair 14, and the gap between each other can affect the impedance matching of the antenna.

One preferred scheme is as follows: the length of the microstrip feeder line 11 is 0.52 times of the medium wavelength, the width is 0.058 times of the medium wavelength, and the characteristic impedance of the microstrip line is 100 ohms; length l of rectangular patches at both ends of U-shaped radiation patch 12₁Is 0.5 times of the wavelength and width w of the medium₁Is 0.44 times of medium wavelength, and the length of the intermediate connection fine patch is 0.92 times of medium wavelength, and the width w₂0.0077 times the medium wavelength; the length and width of the wide parasitic patch 13 are 0.45 times of the medium wavelength and 0.4 times of the medium wavelength respectively; the narrow parasitic patch pair 14 is composed of a pair of narrow radiating patches with the same size, and the length and the width are respectively 0.45 times of the medium wavelength and 0.077 times of the medium wavelength; the gap g between the narrow parasitic patch pair 14 and the wide parasitic patch 13₁Is 0.039 times the wavelength of the medium,narrow parasitic patch pair 14 and U-shaped radiating patch 12 gap g₂0.145 times the wavelength of the medium. The medium wavelength is the corresponding medium wavelength at the working center frequency of the antenna.

Based on the structure and the principle, the application also provides a manufacturing method of the microstrip antenna, which is used for realizing the microstrip antenna with the diversity of the in-band directional diagram in any embodiment of the application, and the manufacturing method comprises the following steps:

step 101, changing the dimensions of the microstrip antenna in the symmetric direction and the dimensions in the vertical direction to make the two resonant frequencies generated by the microstrip antenna reach their target values, for example, f_LIs 3.42GHz, f_HAnd 3.69 GHz.

And 102, changing the positions of the wide parasitic patch and the narrow parasitic patch to enable the generated third resonant frequency to reach the target value. When a symmetrical structure is formed, the working center frequency f of the antenna is generated₀Is 3.55 GHz.

Preferably, the method further comprises the following steps:

and 103, adjusting the length and the width of the microstrip feeder line to enable the microstrip characteristic impedance to reach a set value, such as 100 ohms.

And 104, adjusting the lengths, the widths and the gaps of the rectangular radiating patches, the wide parasitic patches and the narrow parasitic patches to enable the echo characteristics of the antenna to reach the target values.

FIGS. 3-7 are test curves for exemplary embodiments.

According to the manufacturing method, an exemplary embodiment for a microstrip antenna with in-band frequency pattern diversity is as follows: the antenna dielectric substrate 2 adopts Wangling F4B, the relative dielectric constant is 2.65, the thickness is 2mm, and the working center frequency F of the antenna is₀Is 3.55GHz (medium wavelength of 51.9mm), f_LIs 3.42GHz, f_H3.69GHz and a return loss bandwidth of-10 dB of 350 MHz. The length of the microstrip feeder line 11 is 0.52 times of the medium wavelength (27.2mm), and the width is 0.058 times of the medium wavelength (3 mm); length l of rectangular patches at both ends of U-shaped radiation patch 12₁Is 0.5 times of medium wavelength (25.6mm) and width w₁Is 0.44 times the medium wavelength (22.6mm), and has the length of the intermediate connection fine patchIs 0.92 times the medium wavelength (47.8mm), and has a width w₂0.0077 times the medium wavelength (0.4 mm); the length and width of the wide parasitic patch 13 are 0.45 times of the medium wavelength (23.5mm) and 0.4 times of the medium wavelength (20.8mm), respectively; the narrow parasitic patch pair 14 is composed of a pair of narrow radiating patches of the same size, the length and width of which are 0.45 times the medium wavelength (23.5mm) and 0.077 times the medium wavelength (4mm), respectively; the gap g between the narrow parasitic patch pair 14 and the wide parasitic patch 13₁0.039 times the dielectric wavelength (2mm), the gap g between the narrow parasitic patch pair 14 and the U-shaped radiating patch 12₂Is 0.145 times the wavelength of the medium (7.5 mm).

FIG. 3 is a graph of return loss curves for an antenna of an embodiment, in-band return loss less than-16 dB, and return loss curves for resonant frequencies less than-22 dB.

Fig. 4 is an E-plane (xoz-plane) and H-plane (yoz-plane) radiation pattern for the embodiment antenna at in-band frequency 3.4GHz, with the antenna radiation pattern seen as a single beam of directional radiation and the H-plane beam being narrower than the E-plane beam.

Fig. 5 shows the E-plane (xoz-plane) and H-plane (yoz-plane) radiation patterns of the embodiment antenna at 3.5GHz in-band frequency, and the antenna radiation pattern is seen to be single beam directional radiation, with the H-plane beam being narrower than, but already closer to, the E-plane beam.

Fig. 6 shows E-plane (xoz plane) and H-plane (yoz plane) radiation patterns of the embodiment antenna at 3.6GHz in-band frequency, and the antenna radiation pattern is seen to be single beam directional radiation. However, the H-plane beam has a larger beam broadening, is wider than the E-plane beam, and appears as a wide beam directional radiation pattern.

Fig. 7 shows E-plane (xoz-plane) and H-plane (yoz-plane) radiation patterns of the embodiment antenna at 3.7GHz in-band frequency, the H-plane pattern splitting into two beams, and the antenna radiation pattern directing radiation for the two beams.

As can be seen from fig. 4 to 7, the antenna of the embodiment has diverse radiation patterns including single beam directional radiation, wide beam directional radiation, and dual beam radiation at different frequencies within the band.

It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element

The above description is only an example of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may occur to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application should be included in the scope of the claims of the present application.