阅读说明：本技术 管式换热装置以及换热方法、应用 (Tubular heat exchange device, heat exchange method and application ) 是由 刘阳 钱渊 姚剑 姜迪 陈贵生 仝路路 杜林� 赵乾坤 唐晓星 马继飞 于 2020-12-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种管式换热装置以及换热方法、应用。该装置自上至下依次包括上封头、上管板、筒体、下管板以及下封头,筒体内设有若干换热管,换热管依次穿设上管板和下管板；上封头与上管板之间设有第一过渡变径段,下封头与下管板之间设有第二过渡变径段；第一过渡变径段包括第一喉口段、第一扩张段、第一连接部；第二过渡变径段包括第二喉口段、第二扩张段、第二连接部；上封头上设有物料进口、且物料进口依次通过第一喉口段、第一扩张段与各换热管连通,下封头上设有物料出口、且物料出口依次通过第二喉口段、第二扩张段与各换热管连通。本发明的换热装置能够及时冷却物料、减小能量损耗以及提高换热效率。(The invention discloses a tubular heat exchange device, a heat exchange method and application. The device sequentially comprises an upper end enclosure, an upper tube plate, a barrel, a lower tube plate and a lower end enclosure from top to bottom, wherein a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the barrel and sequentially penetrate through the upper tube plate and the lower tube plate; a first transition reducing section is arranged between the upper seal head and the upper pipe plate, and a second transition reducing section is arranged between the lower seal head and the lower pipe plate; the first transition reducer section comprises a first throat section, a first expansion section and a first connecting part; the second transition reducer section comprises a second throat section, a second expansion section and a second connecting part; the upper end enclosure is provided with a material inlet which is communicated with the heat exchange tubes sequentially through the first throat section and the first expansion section, and the lower end enclosure is provided with a material outlet which is communicated with the heat exchange tubes sequentially through the second throat section and the second expansion section. The heat exchange device can cool materials in time, reduce energy loss and improve heat exchange efficiency.)

1. A tubular heat exchange device is characterized by sequentially comprising an upper end enclosure, an upper tube plate, a barrel, a lower tube plate and a lower end enclosure from top to bottom, wherein a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the barrel and sequentially penetrate through the upper tube plate and the lower tube plate;

a first transition variable-diameter section is arranged between the upper end enclosure and the upper tube plate, and a second transition variable-diameter section is arranged between the lower end enclosure and the lower tube plate; the first transition reducing section comprises a first throat section, a first expansion section connected with the first throat section and first connecting parts respectively connected with the upper end enclosure and the upper tube plate, and the first connecting parts are arranged outside the first throat section and the first expansion section in a wrapping mode; the second transition reducing section comprises a second throat section, a second expansion section connected with the second throat section, and second connecting parts respectively connected with the lower seal head and the lower tube plate, and the second connecting parts are arranged outside the second throat section and the second expansion section in a wrapping mode;

the upper end enclosure is provided with a material inlet which is communicated with the heat exchange tubes sequentially through the first throat section and the first expansion section, and the lower end enclosure is provided with a material outlet which is communicated with the heat exchange tubes sequentially through the second throat section and the second expansion section;

a first cooling chamber is formed by the upper side of the first connecting part and the inner side of the upper end enclosure, and the first cooling chamber is connected with a first cooling medium inlet and a first cooling medium outlet;

the lower side of the second connecting part and the inner side of the lower end enclosure form a second cooling chamber, and the second cooling chamber is connected with a second cooling medium inlet and a second cooling medium outlet.

2. The tube heat exchanger according to claim 1, wherein a third cooling medium inlet and a third cooling medium outlet are provided at different positions on the cylinder; the third cooling medium inlet and the third cooling medium outlet are both communicated with the interior of the cylinder.

3. The tubular heat exchange device according to claim 1, wherein the material inlet is arranged at the center of the upper head;

and/or the material outlet is arranged at the central position of the lower end enclosure;

and/or a temperature measuring device is arranged at the material inlet and/or the material outlet;

and/or the centerline of the first throat section coincides with the centerline of the barrel;

and/or the centerline of the second throat section coincides with the centerline of the barrel;

and/or the first cooling medium inlet and/or the first cooling medium outlet are/is arranged on the first connecting part;

and/or the second cooling medium inlet and/or the second cooling medium outlet are/is arranged on the second connecting part;

and/or a circulating cooling channel is circumferentially arranged in the upper tube plate and/or the lower tube plate and is connected with a fourth cooling medium inlet and a fourth cooling medium outlet.

4. The tubular heat exchange device according to claim 1, wherein the inner wall of the cylinder is provided with a plurality of baffle plates, and the baffle plates are arranged in a staggered manner along the axial direction of the cylinder;

preferably, a plurality of distance pipes are arranged in the cylinder body and used for adjusting the distance between the baffle plates;

preferably, the fixing of the distance tube is realized by a pull rod;

preferably, the baffle plate is provided with a plurality of heat exchange tube mounting holes.

5. The tube heat exchange device of claim 1 wherein a mixing element is disposed within the heat exchange tube;

and/or the cylinder comprises a first cylinder and a second cylinder from top to bottom, and expansion joints respectively connected with the first cylinder and the second cylinder are arranged between the first cylinder and the second cylinder;

preferably, the height of the first cylinder is one third of the height of the cylinder;

preferably, the outside of the expansion joint is provided with a protection device respectively connected with the first cylinder and the second cylinder.

6. The tubular heat exchange device of claim 1 wherein the heat exchange tubes are arranged in a hexagonal close packed arrangement.

7. The tube heat exchange device according to claim 6, wherein the heat exchange tubes are arranged in the hexagonal closest packing manner, and the number of the heat exchange tubes in the cross section of the cylinder is "2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 10, 9, 6, 2" from left to right.

8. A heat exchange method is characterized in that the tubular heat exchange device according to any one of claims 1 to 7 is used for heat exchange, and the method comprises the following steps: conveying hot materials to each heat exchange tube through the material inlet, the first throat section and the first expansion section in sequence, introducing cooling media from the first cooling medium inlet and the second cooling medium inlet respectively, and introducing cooling media from the first cooling medium outlet and the second cooling medium outlet to cool the hot materials; the cooled material is output through the second expansion section, the second throat section and the material outlet.

9. The heat exchange method according to claim 8, wherein the temperature of the hot material is 600-800 ℃, for example, a mixed gas of hydrogen and water vapor in a volume ratio of 1:3, the hydrogen is 25 ℃, and the water vapor is 650 ℃.

10. The application of the tubular heat exchange device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 as a heat exchange and mixing device in the field of hydrogen production.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a tubular heat exchange device, a heat exchange method and application.

Background

The heat exchanger is general equipment in many fields such as chemical industry, oil, power engineering and food, can realize heat transfer and exchange to satisfy the needs of process design, occupy important position in industrial production, at present, common heat exchanger generally faces energy loss height, heat exchange efficiency is lower, and the life-span shortcoming such as short under the high temperature environment, and its economic benefits is low practicality is restricted. Therefore, optimizing the structure of the heat exchange device to improve the heat exchange efficiency, reduce the energy loss, reduce the manufacturing cost of the equipment and prolong the repeated service life of the equipment in a high-temperature environment is a problem which needs to be solved urgently in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of high energy loss, low heat exchange efficiency and short service life in a high-temperature environment of a heat exchanger in the prior art, and provides a tubular heat exchange device, a heat exchange method and application.

The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme:

a tubular heat exchange device sequentially comprises an upper end enclosure, an upper tube plate, a barrel, a lower tube plate and a lower end enclosure from top to bottom, wherein a plurality of heat exchange tubes are arranged in the barrel and sequentially penetrate through the upper tube plate and the lower tube plate;

a first transition variable-diameter section is arranged between the upper end enclosure and the upper tube plate, and a second transition variable-diameter section is arranged between the lower end enclosure and the lower tube plate; the first transition reducing section comprises a first throat section, a first expansion section connected with the first throat section and first connecting parts respectively connected with the upper end enclosure and the upper tube plate, and the first connecting parts are arranged outside the first throat section and the first expansion section in a wrapping mode; the second transition reducing section comprises a second throat section, a second expansion section connected with the second throat section, and second connecting parts respectively connected with the lower seal head and the lower tube plate, and the second connecting parts are arranged outside the second throat section and the second expansion section in a wrapping mode;

the upper end enclosure is provided with a material inlet which is communicated with the heat exchange tubes sequentially through the first throat section and the first expansion section, and the lower end enclosure is provided with a material outlet which is communicated with the heat exchange tubes sequentially through the second throat section and the second expansion section;

a first cooling chamber is formed by the upper side of the first connecting part and the inner side of the upper end enclosure, and the first cooling chamber is connected with a first cooling medium inlet and a first cooling medium outlet;

the lower side of the second connecting part and the inner side of the lower end enclosure form a second cooling chamber, and the second cooling chamber is connected with a second cooling medium inlet and a second cooling medium outlet.

In the invention, generally, a third cooling medium inlet and a third cooling medium outlet are arranged at different positions on the cylinder; the third cooling medium inlet and the third cooling medium outlet are both communicated with the interior of the cylinder.

In the invention, preferably, the material inlet is arranged at the central position of the upper end enclosure.

In the invention, preferably, the material outlet is arranged at the central position of the lower end enclosure.

In the present invention, preferably, a temperature measuring device is disposed at the material inlet and/or the material outlet. The temperature measuring device may be conventional in the art, such as a thermocouple.

In the present invention, preferably, a center line of the first throat section coincides with a center line of the cylinder.

In the present invention, preferably, a center line of the second throat section coincides with a center line of the cylinder.

In the present invention, the first cooling medium inlet and/or the first cooling medium outlet is preferably provided on the first connecting portion.

In the present invention, the second cooling medium inlet and/or the second cooling medium outlet is preferably provided on the second connecting portion.

In the present invention, preferably, a circulation cooling channel is circumferentially provided in the upper tube plate and/or the lower tube plate, and the circulation cooling channel is used for circulating a cooling medium. Wherein the circulating cooling channel is generally connected with a fourth cooling medium inlet and a fourth cooling medium outlet.

In the invention, preferably, a plurality of baffle plates are arranged on the inner wall of the cylinder body, and the baffle plates are arranged in a staggered manner along the axial direction of the cylinder body.

Preferably, a plurality of distance pipes are arranged in the cylinder body and used for adjusting the distance between the baffle plates. Generally, according to actual needs, a person skilled in the art knows to connect the distance tubes with the upper tube plate and the baffle plate, or to connect the distance tubes with the baffle plate and the lower tube plate, or to connect the distance tubes with the baffle plate and the baffle plate.

Wherein, generally, the fixation of the distance tube is realized by a pull rod.

Wherein, a plurality of heat exchange tube mounting holes are preferably arranged on the baffle plate. The heat exchange tube can penetrate through the baffle plate through the heat exchange tube mounting hole, so that turbulence is increased, dead zones are reduced, the flow is lengthened, and the heat exchange tube is supported and positioned.

In the present invention, preferably, a mixing element is disposed in the heat exchange tube for enhancing mixing and heat exchange. The structure of the mixing element may be conventional in the art.

In the present invention, preferably, the cylinder includes a first cylinder and a second cylinder from top to bottom, and an expansion joint connected to the first cylinder and the second cylinder is disposed between the first cylinder and the second cylinder. Wherein, more preferably, the height of the first cylinder is one third of the height of the cylinder. The expansion joints are respectively welded with the first cylinder and the second cylinder and are used for relieving axial, transverse and angular deformation of the cylinders caused by expansion with heat and contraction with cold, reducing axial loads of the cylinders and the heat exchange tubes, reducing tube plate stress caused by thermal expansion difference and reducing the influence of vibration on the heat exchange device; the expansion joint with the expansion amount is convenient for the installation of the tubular heat exchange device, and ensures the sealing and the convenient maintenance and disassembly.

The expansion joint is characterized in that the outer part of the expansion joint is preferably provided with a protection device which is respectively connected with the first cylinder and the second cylinder and used for protecting the expansion joint from being damaged by the outside.

In the present invention, preferably, the arrangement of the heat exchange tubes is a hexagonal closest packing manner. The hexagonal closest packing mode refers to the staggered packing of the centers of adjacent rows of heat exchange tubes, and the packing mode can draw a hexagonal unit from the heat exchange tubes when viewed along the axial direction of the heat exchange tubes.

In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat exchange tubes are arranged in the hexagonal closest packing manner, and the number of the heat exchange tubes is "2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 10, 9, 6, 2" in sequence.

The invention also provides a heat exchange method adopting the tubular heat exchange device, wherein hot materials are sequentially conveyed to each heat exchange tube through the material inlet, the first throat section and the first expansion section, then cooling media are respectively introduced from the first cooling medium inlet and the second cooling medium inlet and are discharged from the first cooling medium outlet and the second cooling medium outlet to cool the hot materials; the cooled material is output through the second expansion section, the second throat section and the material outlet.

In the invention, the temperature of the hot material can be 600-800 ℃, the hot material can be conventional in the field, for example, the volume ratio of the mixed gas of hydrogen and water vapor is 1:3, the hydrogen is 25 ℃, and the water vapor is 650 ℃.

In the present invention, the cooling medium may be conventional in the art, such as water.

In the present invention, the heat exchange pipe may be conventional in the art, such as a copper pipe.

The invention also provides application of the tubular heat exchange device as a heat exchange and mixing device in the field of hydrogen production.

On the basis of the common knowledge in the field, the above preferred conditions can be combined randomly to obtain the preferred embodiments of the invention.

The reagents and starting materials used in the present invention are commercially available.

The positive progress effects of the invention are as follows:

1) the tubular heat exchange device provided by the invention can realize timely cooling of hot fluid, reduce energy loss and improve heat exchange efficiency by arranging the cooling chamber and the transition reducer section, and meanwhile, the tubular heat exchange device can be protected from high temperature, and the service life of the device is prolonged.

2) The transition reducer section is arranged in the tubular heat exchange device, so that the uniform distribution of the fluid can be facilitated.

3) In the preferred scheme of the invention, the cooling chamber, the transition reducer section and the circulating cooling channel in the tube plate are arranged and matched, so that the heat exchange of hot fluid can be realized to the maximum extent.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tube-in-tube heat exchange apparatus in example 1.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a tube body in the direction B-B of the tubular heat exchanger in example 1.

Fig. 3 is a heat exchange tube in the tubular heat exchange device in example 1.

Wherein, 1, an upper seal head, a 101 material inlet, a 2 upper tube plate, a 201 upper tube plate fourth cooling medium inlet, a 202 upper tube plate fourth cooling medium outlet, a 3 cylinder, a 301 third cooling medium inlet, a 302 third cooling medium outlet, a 4 lower tube plate, a 401 lower tube plate fourth cooling medium inlet, a 402 lower tube plate fourth cooling medium outlet, a 5 lower seal head, a 501 material outlet, a 6 first transition reducing section, a 611 first throat section, a 612 first expanding section, an 613 first connecting section, a 7 second transition reducing section, a 711 second throat section, a 712 second expanding section, a 713 second connecting section, an 8-pitch tube, a 9 first cooling chamber, a 901 first cooling medium inlet, a 902 first cooling medium outlet, a 10 second cooling chamber, a 1001 second cooling medium inlet, a 1002 second cooling medium outlet, a 11 baffle plate, a 12 heat exchange tube, a 13 expansion joint, and a 14 protection device, 15 mixing element.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The experimental methods without specifying specific conditions in the following examples were selected according to the conventional methods and conditions, or according to the commercial instructions.

EXAMPLE 1 tubular Heat exchanger

As shown in fig. 1, the tubular heat exchange device sequentially comprises an upper end enclosure 1, an upper tube plate 2, a cylinder 3, a lower tube plate 4 and a lower end enclosure 5 from top to bottom, wherein a plurality of heat exchange tubes 12 are arranged in the cylinder 3, and the heat exchange tubes 12 sequentially penetrate through the upper tube plate 2 and the lower tube plate 4; a first transition reducing section 6 is arranged between the upper seal head 1 and the upper tube plate 2, and a second transition reducing section 7 is arranged between the lower seal head 5 and the lower tube plate 4; the first transition reducer section 6 comprises a first throat section 611, a first expansion section 612 connected with the first throat section, and first connecting parts 613 respectively connected with the upper seal head 1 and the upper tube plate 2, wherein the first connecting parts 613 are arranged outside the first throat section 611 and the first expansion section 612; the second transition reducer section 7 comprises a second throat section 711, a second expansion section 712 connected with the second throat section 711, and second connecting parts 713 respectively connected with the lower seal head 5 and the lower tube plate 4, wherein the second connecting parts 713 are arranged outside the second throat section 711 and the second expansion section 712 in a wrapping manner; the upper end enclosure 1 is provided with a material inlet 101, the material inlet 101 is communicated with each heat exchange tube 12 through a first throat section 611 and a first expansion section 612 in sequence, the lower end enclosure 5 is provided with a material outlet 501, and the material outlet 501 is communicated with each heat exchange tube 12 through a second throat section 711 and a second expansion section 712 in sequence; a first cooling chamber 9 is formed by the upper side of the first connecting part 613 and the inner side of the upper head 1, and the first cooling chamber 9 is connected with a first cooling medium inlet 901 and a first cooling medium outlet 902; the lower side of the second connecting portion 713 and the inner side of the lower head 5 form a second cooling chamber 10, and the second cooling chamber 10 is connected with a second cooling medium inlet 1001 and a second cooling medium outlet 1002.

In this embodiment, a third cooling medium inlet 301 and a third cooling medium outlet 302 are provided at different positions on the cylinder 3; the third cooling medium inlet 301 and the third cooling medium outlet 302 are both communicated with the inside of the drum 3.

In the embodiment, the material inlet 101 is arranged at the central position of the upper end enclosure 1; the material outlet 501 is arranged at the center of the lower end enclosure 5; the centerline of the first throat section 611 coincides with the centerline of the barrel 3; the centerline of the second throat section 711 coincides with the centerline of the barrel 3.

In this embodiment, thermocouples are disposed at the material inlet 101 and the material outlet 501 for measuring the material temperature at the inlet and the outlet (not shown in the figure).

In the present embodiment, the first cooling medium inlet 901 and the first cooling medium outlet 902 are provided on the first connection portion 613.

In the present embodiment, the second cooling medium inlet 1001 and the second cooling medium outlet 1002 are provided on the second connecting portion 713.

In this embodiment, the upper tube plate 2 and the lower tube plate 4 are respectively provided with a circulating cooling channel in the circumferential direction, the circulating cooling channel is used for circulating a cooling medium, and the circulating cooling channel in the upper tube plate 2 is connected with a fourth cooling medium inlet 201 and a fourth cooling medium outlet 202; a fourth cooling medium inlet 401 and a fourth cooling medium outlet 402 are connected to the circulating cooling channel in the lower tube plate 4.

In this embodiment, the inner wall of the cylinder 3 is provided with a plurality of baffle plates 11, and the baffle plates 11 are arranged along the axial direction of the cylinder 3 in a staggered manner. A plurality of distance tubes 8 are arranged in the cylinder 3, and the distance tubes 8 are used for adjusting the distance between the baffle plates 11. Wherein, the distance tube 8 is connected with the upper tube plate 2 and the baffle plate 11. The fixation of the distance tube 8 is achieved by means of a tie rod. A plurality of heat exchange tube mounting holes are arranged on the baffle plate 11. The heat exchange tube 12 can penetrate through the baffle plate 11 through the heat exchange tube mounting hole, so that turbulence is increased, dead zones are reduced, the flow is lengthened, and meanwhile, the heat exchange tube is supported and positioned.

In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, a mixing element 15 is disposed in the heat exchange tube 12 for enhancing mixing and heat exchange.

In this embodiment, the cylinder 3 includes a first cylinder and a second cylinder from top to bottom, and an expansion joint 13 connected to the first cylinder and the second cylinder is disposed between the first cylinder and the second cylinder; the height of the first cylinder is one third of the height of the cylinder 3, i.e. the expansion joint 13 is provided at one third of the cylinder 3. The expansion joint 13 is respectively welded with the first cylinder and the second cylinder and is used for relieving axial, transverse and angular deformation of the cylinders caused by expansion with heat and contraction with cold and reducing the influence of vibration on the heat exchange device; the expansion joint with the expansion amount is convenient for the installation of the tubular heat exchange device, and ensures the sealing and the convenient maintenance and disassembly. Wherein, the outside of expansion joint 13 is equipped with protection device 14 who is connected with first barrel, second barrel respectively for protect the expansion joint avoid external damage.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the arrangement of the heat exchange tubes 12 is a hexagonal closest packing manner, and the number of the heat exchange tubes 12 is "2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 10, 9, 6, 2" from left to right. The hexagonal closest packing means that the centers of adjacent rows of heat exchange tubes are staggered and stacked, and the packing can draw a hexagonal unit when viewed along the axial direction of the heat exchange tubes.

EXAMPLE 2 Heat exchange method

By adopting the heat exchange device in the embodiment 1, a hot material (a mixed gas of hydrogen and water vapor with a volume ratio of 1:3, the hydrogen is 25 ℃, and the water vapor is 650 ℃) is sequentially conveyed to each heat exchange tube 12 (the heat exchange tube in the embodiment is a copper tube) through the material inlet 101, the first throat section 611 and the first expansion section 612, then a cooling medium (water in the embodiment) is respectively introduced from the first cooling medium inlet 901 and the second cooling medium inlet 1001 and is discharged from the first cooling medium outlet 902 and the second cooling medium outlet 1002 to cool the hot material; the cooled material is output through the second diverging section 712, the second throat section 711 and the material outlet 501.

In this embodiment, at the same time, the cooling medium needs to be introduced from the third cooling medium inlet 301, the fourth cooling medium inlet 201 on the upper tube plate, and the fourth cooling medium inlet 401 on the lower tube plate, and is discharged from the third cooling medium outlet, the fourth cooling medium outlet 202 on the upper tube plate, and the fourth cooling medium outlet 402 on the lower tube plate, so as to cool the high-temperature material, the hydrogen and the water vapor are mixed and heat-exchanged in the heat exchange tube 12, the mixed gas after heat exchange is discharged from the material outlet 501, and the thermocouple is used to measure the temperature, where the temperature is 100 ℃. The heat exchange effect is obvious, and the heat exchange device can be protected from being damaged by high temperature.