阅读说明：本技术 一种海冰-海水间热通量系数的测试装置 (Sea ice-sea water heat flux coefficient's testing arrangement ) 是由 陈晓东 王安良 刘煜 季顺迎 于 2020-11-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于海冰测试技术领域,提供一种海冰-海水间热通量系数的测试装置。在具有锥形顶部的筒形隔热外壳内安装若干个铂电阻温度传感器、防水密封耐低温信号发射器、防水密封耐低温数据采集器、配重块等部分组成,并配有伞形防挤压支撑增加结构强度,通过顶端无线传输天线可将数据传输至陆地端。本发明可通过漂浮在海水中对厚度较小的初生冰与薄冰垂向温度梯度进行测试,结构设计可抵抗降雪、低温、海水喷溅等恶劣环境条件对装置的影响,并可抵抗海冰漂移过程对装置的挤压破坏。(The invention belongs to the technical field of sea ice testing, and provides a device for testing a heat flux coefficient between sea ice and sea water. The device is characterized in that a plurality of platinum resistance temperature sensors, a waterproof sealing low-temperature resistant signal transmitter, a waterproof sealing low-temperature resistant data collector, a balancing weight and the like are arranged in a cylindrical heat insulation shell with a conical top, an umbrella-shaped extrusion-proof support is arranged to increase the structural strength, and data can be transmitted to a land end through a top wireless transmission antenna. The invention can test the vertical temperature gradient of the primary ice and the thin ice with smaller thickness by floating in seawater, and the structural design can resist the influence of severe environmental conditions such as snowfall, low temperature, seawater splash and the like on the device and resist the extrusion damage of the sea ice drifting process on the device.)

1. The device for testing the heat flux coefficient between sea ice and seawater is characterized by comprising a cylindrical heat insulation shell (4), a conical top (2), a waterproof rubber gasket (9), a wireless transmission antenna (1), a platinum resistance temperature sensor (3), a waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant signal transmitter (5), a waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant data collector (6), a balancing weight (7), a low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery pack (10) and an umbrella-shaped extrusion-resistant support (8); the device has waterproofness as a whole, is used for measuring the ice temperature of the sea ice of the nascent ice and the thin ice, can float in the seawater, and has a temperature test area which continuously covers an air-water interface without being influenced by the fluctuation of tide;

the wireless transmission antenna (1) is arranged at the top of the conical top (2);

a waterproof rubber gasket (9) is arranged between the conical top (2) and the cylindrical heat insulation shell (4);

the platinum resistance temperature sensors (3) are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the section of the cylindrical heat insulation shell (4) and are mounted on the side face of the cylindrical heat insulation shell (4), and after the sea ice temperature gradient testing device is placed in sea water, the platinum resistance temperature sensors (3) are arranged at the waterline position and the upper part and the lower part of the waterline position, so that the sensors can capture ice temperature data of newly-generated ice when the newly-generated ice is formed; the distance between the sensors close to the waterline is smaller than that of the sensors far away from the waterline, and the sensors encrypted at the waterline can meet the measurement precision required by calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the ice-water section;

the balancing weight (7) is fixed at the bottom end in the cylindrical heat insulation shell (4), and the relative position between the platinum resistance temperature sensor (3) and the water surface meets the calculation accuracy requirement of ocean heat flux through the adjustment of the balancing weight on the buoyancy-gravity ratio of the device; the outer part of the balancing weight (7) is wrapped with a rubber material;

the waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant signal transmitter (5), the waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant data collector (6) and the lithium ion battery pack (10) are fixed on the upper part of the counterweight block (7), and the lithium ion battery pack (10) is used for supplying power to an acquisition system; the waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant data acquisition unit (6) is connected with the platinum resistance temperature sensor (3) through a wire, and the waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant signal transmitter (5) is connected with the wireless transmission antenna (1) at the top end through a coaxial wire;

the umbrella-shaped anti-extrusion support (8) is arranged at the upper half part of the cylindrical heat insulation shell (4) and is used for providing the anti-extrusion strength of the device.

2. The device for testing sea ice-sea water heat flux coefficient according to claim 1, wherein the platinum resistance temperature sensor (3) is assembled in a manner that: the device is provided with 5 temperature sensors on a water line, 1 temperature sensor at the water line and 14 temperature sensors below the water line, and the total number of the temperature sensors is 20.

3. The device for testing the heat flux coefficient between sea ice and sea water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between 3 sensors above and below the waterline is 0.2 cm, and the distance between the other sensors is 0.5 cm.

4. The sea ice temperature gradient testing device suitable for primary ice and thin ice according to claim 1, wherein the cylindrical heat insulation shell (4) is made of polyether ether ketone material, and the heat conductivity coefficient of the heat insulation material is 0.01K-W/m²。

5. The device for testing the heat flux coefficient between sea ice and seawater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the platinum resistor temperature sensor (3) adopts a platinum resistor with a resistance value of more than 1000 ohms as a sensitive element.

6. The device for testing the heat flux coefficient between sea ice and seawater as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight of the balancing weight (7) is not higher than 10 kg, and the gravity center of the buoy can be adjusted to keep a good verticality under the action of wind waves.

7. The device for testing the heat flux coefficient between sea ice and sea water as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight block (7) is made of rubber material with lead material at the center and 2 cm width outside.

8. The apparatus for testing sea ice-sea water heat flux coefficient of claim 1, wherein the float has an overall height of less than 40 cm and an overall weight of less than 30 kg.

9. The device for testing sea ice-sea water heat flux coefficient according to claim 1, wherein the lithium ion battery pack has a thermal insulation wrapping treatment of a foam board with a thickness of 5 cm, and the battery attenuation is less than 20% at a temperature of minus 35 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of sea ice testing, relates to a device for testing thermodynamic parameters of sea ice, and particularly relates to a device for measuring heat flux coefficients between the sea ice and seawater.

Background

The Bohai sea in China is influenced by sea ice in different degrees every year in winter, production and living activities such as marine transportation, aquaculture, oil and gas exploitation and the like of the Bohai sea with the sea ice bring serious influence, and the prediction precision and reliability of the sea ice condition can be improved by researching the thermodynamic student elimination characteristic of the sea ice under large scale. In the study of the growth process of sea ice, the heat flux coefficient between ice and water is an important parameter for predicting the growth speed of sea ice, and the heat flux coefficient is mainly calculated by the shape of the temperature profile of the ice and water interface. However, since a test device such as a sensor used in the current sea ice temperature test technology is not developed for an interface between ice water, a heat flux coefficient with effective accuracy cannot be obtained.

Known documents are: a temperature measuring cable CN 202494530U; a high-precision seabed low-temperature gradient detection device CN 104062691A; a negative temperature coefficient thermistor based temperature chain sensor CN 106556469B. These devices can be installed by standing on the sea surface only after a certain thickness of sea ice is formed on the sea surface, and cannot measure test data of the primary icing on the sea surface.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a device for testing heat flux coefficient between sea ice and sea water, which can obtain the temperature gradient inside the growth process of the newly-grown ice with small thickness and the thin ice type sea ice, wherein the temperature gradient can be calculated to obtain the heat exchange coefficient between ice and water, and the coefficient is an important parameter for establishing a physical model of the growth of the sea ice. The test result of the invention solves the problem of establishing a nascent ice and thin ice thermodynamic model.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a device for testing heat flux coefficient between sea ice and sea water comprises a cylindrical heat insulation shell, a conical top, a waterproof rubber gasket, a wireless transmission antenna, a platinum resistance temperature sensor, a waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant signal transmitter, a waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant data collector, a balancing weight, a low-temperature-resistant lithium ion battery pack and an umbrella-shaped anti-extrusion support. The device has the waterproof property of IP67 as a whole, is suitable for the ice temperature of sea ice of nascent ice and thin ice within 10 kilometers from the coastal region, can float in seawater, and the temperature test region continuous region (the region where the platinum resistance temperature sensor is located) of the device covers an air-water interface without being influenced by tide fluctuation, and can still realize the coverage of the ice-water interface when the sea ice is primarily formed for the tide fall of Bohai sea water exceeding two meters.

The wireless transmission antenna is arranged at the top of the cone, 433MHZ signal wireless transmission is adopted, the signal receiving range is less than 10 kilometers, and no barrier can block a transmission route. The internal thread of the cylindrical heat insulation shell is fixedly connected with the external thread of the conical top, and a waterproof rubber gasket is arranged between the threads. The upper end in the barrel-shaped heat insulation shell barrel is provided with a large-diameter thread for fixing with the conical top end, a waterproof rubber gasket is arranged between the barrel-shaped heat insulation shell and the conical top end, the elasticity of the rubber gasket is slightly influenced by low temperature and still keeps good elasticity at the temperature of more than 35 ℃ below zero, and therefore contact pressure between the barrel-shaped heat insulation shell and the conical top end in a low-temperature environment is guaranteed to keep good waterproof sealing performance.

Platinum resistance temperature sensor along the vertical direction at cylindric thermal-insulated shell side fixed in proper order, install in the side of cylindric thermal-insulated shell 4 for the sensor can catch the ice temperature data of new ice when the ice of just growing forms: wherein, 5 temperature sensors are arranged on the sensor water line, 1 temperature sensor is arranged at the waterline position, and 14 temperature sensors are arranged below the waterline, and the total number is 20; the distance between the upper and lower 3 temperature sensors close to the waterline is 0.2 cm, and the distance between the other sensors is 0.5 cm. According to the hydromechanics characteristics of seawater and air, the temperature gradient distribution is more obvious only when the distance from the fluid-solid interface is small, so that more compact temperature sensors need to be arranged on the two interfaces of seawater-sea ice and sea ice-air. Meanwhile, as the sea ice grows along the direction of the sea water, the number of sensors arranged below the waterline is higher than that of the sensors arranged above the waterline. In addition, the number of the temperature sensors above the water surface is more than 3 to construct a nonlinear air temperature profile; similarly, the number of temperature sensors below the water surface needs to exceed 3 to construct a nonlinear seawater temperature profile. The waterline is the junction of the device and the sea level. The distance between the sensors close to the waterline is smaller than the distance between the sensors far away from the waterline, and the sensors encrypted at the waterline can meet the measurement precision required by calculating the heat exchange coefficient of the ice-water section.

The calculation formula of the heat flux coefficient between the sea ice and the sea water is as follows:

wherein h is the heat flux coefficient, ρ_iIs sea ice density, c_idT is specific heat of sea ice_avAverage value of temperature sensor in ice, T_sIs a sensor temperature, T, nearest to ice-water interface in sea water_∞The sensor temperature at the farthest end of the water from the ice-water interface.

In the formula, T_xiIs the temperature measured by the in-ice sensor.

The balancing weight is fixed at the bottom in the cylindrical heat insulation shell through a screw; the buoyancy-gravity ratio of the device is adjusted by the balancing weight, so that the relative position between the temperature sensor of the device and the water surface meets the calculation precision requirement of ocean heat flux.

The waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant data collector and the lithium ion battery pack are fixedly fixed on the upper part of the balancing weight through screws, the waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant signal transmitter is fixed on the upper part of the waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant data collector, the waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant data collector is connected with the platinum resistance temperature sensor through 15 four-core wires, and the waterproof sealing low-temperature-resistant signal transmitter is connected with a wireless transmission antenna at the top end through a coaxial wire; .

The umbrella-shaped anti-extrusion support is arranged on the upper half part of the cylindrical heat insulation shell. The internal support structure can improve the anti-extrusion strength of the device, the whole device has the anti-extrusion strength higher than 30MPa and lower than 50MPa, the side limit compression strength of the sea ice is lower than 30MPa, so that the device cannot be damaged due to the extrusion of the sea ice in the drifting process of the sea ice, and meanwhile, the anti-extrusion strength not higher than 50MPa enables the whole weight of the device to be smaller than 30 kilograms.

Furthermore, the cylindrical heat insulation shell is made of a polyether-ether-ketone material and has good mechanical property and heat insulation property, the shell is matched with the umbrella-shaped support, the device can test sea ice with the ice thickness of less than 30 cm, the influence of the pressure of the sea ice with the thickness on the device can be resisted in the test process, and a small deformation amount is generated, so that the sensor can keep good position precision in the test process to ensure the test precision of the temperature gradient; the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation material is 0.01 K.W/m²The heat conductivity coefficient is far lower than that of sea ice and is 2.2 K.W/m²And the heat transfer speed in the device can be ensured to be far lower than that of sea ice in the using process.

Further, the platinum resistor temperature sensor 3 adopts a platinum resistor with a resistance value of more than 1000 ohms as a sensing element, and the sensor with a higher resistance value consumes less power, so that the sensor can guarantee a monitoring period of three months.

Furthermore, the weight of the balancing weight is not higher than 10 kilograms, the gravity center of the buoy can be adjusted to keep good verticality under the action of wind waves, and meanwhile, the balancing weight can still ensure that the overall weight of the buoy is less than 30 kilograms, so that the buoy has good portability; the balancing weight is made of a rubber material with the center made of a lead material with high density and the outer part made of a lead material with the width of 2 centimeters, and the assembly requirements of the lead block and the shell cannot be influenced by the difference of the thermal expansion coefficients when the temperature changes.

Further, the height of the whole buoy (sea ice temperature gradient testing device) is less than 40 cm, so that the whole buoy has the weight of less than 30 kg to improve the portability.

Further, the lithium ion battery pack is subjected to heat insulation wrapping treatment by using a foam plate with the thickness of 5 cm, and the battery attenuation is lower than 20% at the temperature of-35 ℃ or higher. The design of the conical top can avoid snow accumulation on the top of the device caused by snow falling, so that the device has better stability in a long monitoring period.

The whole weight of the invention is less than 30 kg, so that the invention can be thrown on sea ice with the thickness of 10 cm by a manual mode; according to the bearing capacity characteristics of the sea ice, the whole weight of the sea ice is below 30 kilograms, and adult men below 100 kilograms can be prevented from treading on the sea ice and falling into the sea water due to large weight when carrying and walking on the sea ice.

The lithium battery is adopted to supply power to the acquisition system, and higher electric quantity can be still maintained between zero centigrade and 35 ℃ below zero, so that the acquisition system can work in the temperature range; the power supply is provided by the lithium battery pack without adopting a solar panel, so that the weight of the whole equipment is less than 30 kilograms, and the buoy can be carried manually without the assistance of a lifting ship when being thrown in, so that the buoy is arranged in a sea area with the depth of less than 5 meters.

The invention can achieve the following effects and benefits: the temperature measurement of the ice water interface is realized through the relative position of the buoy and the water surface, and the influence of tide fluctuation on the temperature measurement position is prevented; the problem of testing the internal temperature fields of the primary ice and the thin ice is solved by encrypting the temperature sensor at the waterline, so that the problem of measuring the heat exchange coefficient between the ice and the water is solved; through the lightweight design of the self-contained equipment, the problem of arrangement of the testing device in the shallow sea area is solved.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an external structural view of a device for testing a heat flux coefficient between sea ice and sea water.

Fig. 2 is an internal structure view of a test apparatus for sea ice-sea water heat flux coefficient.

In the figure: 1 is a wireless transmission antenna of the device; 2 is a conical top; 3 platinum resistance temperature sensor; 4 is a cylindrical insulating shell; 5 is a waterproof sealing low temperature resistant signal transmitter; 6 is a waterproof sealing low temperature resistant data acquisition unit; 7 is a counterweight; 8 is an umbrella-shaped anti-extrusion support; 9 is a waterproof rubber gasket; and 10 is a low temperature resistant lithium battery pack.

Detailed Description

The structure, operation, test process and implementation example of the present invention are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the external structure and assembly of the present invention. The thermal-insulated shell of cylindric 4 is inside hollow thin-walled structure, its top is open form and is used for being connected fixedly with toper top 2 at the dark screw thread of top processing 1.5 centimetres, seal through waterproof rubber packing ring 9 between cylindric thermal-insulated shell 1 and the toper top 2, the side of cylindric thermal-insulated shell 1 has vertical perpendicular promptly and the recess of barrel cross-section, a plurality of round holes of distribution are used for fixed platinum resistance temperature sensor 3 and all do sealing process after the sensor is fixed in the recess, platinum resistance sensor 3 and external sea ice direct contact and measure the temperature profile of sea ice, the upper portion and the wireless transmission antenna 1 sealing connection of toper top 2, therefore the whole exterior structure of device has fine waterproof performance.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the internal structure and assembly of the present invention. The balancing weight 7 is installed in the inside bottom of cylindric thermal-insulated shell 4, waterproof sealing low temperature resistant data collection station 6 passes through the bolt fastening with low temperature resistant lithium cell group 10 on balancing weight 7, waterproof sealing low temperature resistant signal transmitter 5 passes through the bolt fastening on waterproof sealing low temperature resistant data collection station 6 upper portion, waterproof sealing low temperature resistant data collection station 6 passes through coaxial line and links to each other with wireless transmission antenna 1, waterproof sealing low temperature resistant data collection station 6 is connected through four-core data line with platinum resistance temperature sensor 3, umbrella-shaped support 8 is fixed in the inside upper end of cylindric thermal-insulated shell 4, increase the ability that the structure resisted deformation when cylindric thermal-insulated shell 4 received the extrusion.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express the embodiments of the present invention, but not should be understood as the limitation of the scope of the invention patent, it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many variations and modifications can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall into the protection scope of the present invention.