阅读说明：本技术 一种磁致伸缩微小形变量测量实验装置 (Magnetostrictive micro deformation measurement experimental device ) 是由 王雪桐 于 2020-11-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种磁致伸缩微小形变量测量实验装置：包括底板、螺线管、第一滑轨、第二滑轨、稳压电源、水平仪、望远镜、固定柱、支撑座、机械杠杆和限位柱,螺线管设置在底板上,固定柱设置在底板上螺线管的一侧,支撑座设置在底板上螺线管的另一侧,支撑座上端设有固定板,固定板上设有转动轴,转动轴的另一端和支撑座连接,机械杠杆的一端和转动轴转动连接,机械杠杆靠近转动轴的一端设有固定孔,固定孔穿过螺线管并贯穿固定柱,固定孔的中心轴和螺线管的中心轴共线,限位柱设置在底板上,限位柱和螺线管位于机械杠杆同一侧,机械杠杆靠近限位柱的侧端设有弹簧,弹簧和限位柱配合,机械杠杆远离转动轴的一端设有第一光学反射镜。(The invention discloses a magnetostrictive micro deformation measurement experimental device, which comprises the following components: comprises a bottom plate, a solenoid, a first slide rail, a second slide rail and a regulated power supply, the spirit level, the telescope, the fixed column, the supporting seat, mechanical lever and spacing post, the solenoid sets up on the bottom plate, the fixed column sets up the one side of solenoid on the bottom plate, the supporting seat sets up the opposite side of solenoid on the bottom plate, the supporting seat upper end is equipped with the fixed plate, be equipped with the axis of rotation on the fixed plate, the other end and the supporting seat connection of axis of rotation, the one end and the axis of rotation of mechanical lever are connected, the one end that mechanical lever is close to the axis of rotation is equipped with the fixed orifices, the fixed orifices passes the solenoid and runs through the fixed column, the center pin of fixed orifices and the center pin collineation of solenoid, spacing post sets up on the bottom plate, spacing post and solenoid are located same one side of mechanical lever, the side that mechanical.)

1. The utility model provides a little deformation volume of magnetostriction measures experimental apparatus which characterized in that: the device comprises a bottom plate (1), a solenoid (2), a first slide rail (3), a second slide rail (4), a stabilized voltage power supply (5), a level gauge (6), a telescope (7), a fixed column (8), a supporting seat (9), a mechanical lever (10) and a limiting column (11), wherein the solenoid (2) is arranged on the bottom plate (1), the fixed column (8) is arranged on one side of the solenoid (2) on the bottom plate (1), the supporting seat (9) is arranged on the other side of the solenoid (2) on the bottom plate (1), a fixed plate (12) is arranged at the upper end of the supporting seat (9), a rotating shaft (13) is arranged on the fixed plate (12), the other end of the rotating shaft (13) is connected with the supporting seat (9), one end of the mechanical lever (10) is rotationally connected with the rotating shaft (13), and a fixed hole (14) is arranged at one end, close to the rotating, the fixing hole (14) penetrates through the solenoid (2) and penetrates through the fixing column (8), the central shaft of the fixing hole (14) and the central shaft of the solenoid (2) are collinear, the limiting column (11) is arranged on the bottom plate (1), the limiting column (11) and the solenoid (2) are located on the same side of the mechanical lever (10), a spring (15) is arranged at the side end, close to the limiting column (11), of the mechanical lever (10), the spring (15) is matched with the limiting column (11), a first optical reflector (16) is arranged at one end, far away from the rotating shaft (13), of the mechanical lever (10), the first sliding rail (3) is arranged at the side end of the bottom plate (1), a first sliding block (17) is arranged on the first sliding rail (3), a scale (18) is arranged on the first sliding block (17), the second sliding rail (4) is arranged at the other side end of the bottom plate (1), and a second sliding block (19) is arranged on the second sliding rail, the novel level meter is characterized in that a second optical reflector (20) is arranged on the second sliding block (19), the level meter (6) is arranged at the rear end of the solenoid (2) on the bottom plate (1), the stabilized voltage power supply (5) is located on one side of the bottom plate (1) and is connected with the solenoid (2) through a lead, and the telescope (7) is located on one side of the bottom plate (1) where the second sliding rail (4) is arranged.

2. The magnetostrictive micro deformation quantity measurement experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the upper end of the fixing column (8) is provided with a first screw hole (21), the first screw hole (21) extends to the lower end point of the fixing hole (14), a first bolt (22) is arranged in the first screw hole (21), and the first bolt (22) is matched with the fixing hole (14) in the fixing column (8).

3. The magnetostrictive micro deformation quantity measurement experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: a second screw hole (23) is formed right above the fixing hole (14) in the mechanical lever (10), the second screw hole (23) extends to the lower end point of the fixing hole (14), a second bolt (24) is arranged in the second screw hole (23), and the second bolt (24) is matched with the fixing hole (14) in the mechanical lever (10).

4. The magnetostrictive micro deformation quantity measurement experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: one end of the spring (15) is provided with a disc (25), and the disc (25) is matched with the limiting column (11).

5. The magnetostrictive micro deformation quantity measurement experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base plate (1) is provided with a power switch (26), and the power switch (26), the solenoid (2) and the stabilized voltage power supply (5) are connected through leads.

6. The magnetostrictive micro deformation quantity measurement experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solenoid (2) is positioned on the middle part of the bottom plate (1) near the rear end.

7. The magnetostrictive micro deformation quantity measurement experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first optical reflector (16) and the spring (15) are positioned on the same side of the mechanical lever (10).

8. The magnetostrictive micro deformation quantity measurement experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first sliding rail (3) and the second sliding rail (4) are symmetrically arranged.

9. The magnetostrictive micro deformation quantity measurement experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the distance from the middle point of the first optical reflector (16) to the rotating shaft (13) is 12 times of the distance from the central axis of the fixing hole (14) to the rotating shaft (13).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of magnetostrictive variable measuring equipment, in particular to a magnetostrictive micro-deformation measuring experimental device.

Background

Magnetostriction is a phenomenon that the size of a ferromagnetic substance (magnetic material) changes along with the increase of magnetization due to the change of the magnetization state, the ferromagnetic substance extends (or shortens) under the action of an external magnetic field, and the original length of the ferromagnetic substance is recovered after the action of the external magnetic field is removed, and the phenomenon is called magnetostriction (or effect); at present, the research on the magnetostrictive micro deformation amount of a ferromagnetic substance mainly aims at the micro deformation amount measurement of a block material and a sheet material, and the experimental device adopts a measuring metal wire to fill the blank of the magnetostrictive micro deformation amount measurement of a linear member and is designed into the magnetostrictive micro deformation amount measurement experimental device.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an experimental device for measuring the magnetostriction micro deformation.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is that the magnetostrictive micro deformation measurement experimental device comprises: the device comprises a base plate, a solenoid, a first slide rail, a second slide rail, a stabilized voltage power supply, a level meter, a telescope, a fixed column, a supporting seat, a mechanical lever and a limiting column, wherein the solenoid is arranged on the base plate, the fixed column is arranged on one side of the solenoid on the base plate, the supporting seat is arranged on the other side of the solenoid on the base plate, a fixed plate is arranged at the upper end of the supporting seat, a rotating shaft is arranged on the fixed plate, the other end of the rotating shaft is connected with the supporting seat, one end of the mechanical lever is rotatably connected with the rotating shaft, a fixed hole is arranged at one end of the mechanical lever close to the rotating shaft, the fixed hole penetrates through the solenoid and penetrates through the fixed column, the central axis of the fixed hole and the central axis of the solenoid are collinear, the limiting column is, the utility model discloses a telescope, including mechanical lever, bottom plate, spring, spacing post cooperation, mechanical lever, second slide rail, first slider, scale, second slide rail, level appearance, constant voltage power supply, spring and spacing post cooperation, the one end that the axis of rotation was kept away from to mechanical lever is equipped with first optical reflector, first slide rail sets up at the bottom plate side, be equipped with first slider on the first slide rail, be equipped with the scale on the first slider, the second slide rail sets up at bottom plate another side, be equipped with the second slider on the second slide rail, be equipped with second optical reflector on the second slider, the spirit level sets up the rear end of solenoid on the bottom plate, constant voltage power supply.

As an improvement, the upper end of the fixing column is provided with a first screw hole, the first screw hole extends to the lower end point of the fixing hole, a first bolt is arranged in the first screw hole, and the first bolt is matched with the fixing hole in the fixing column.

As an improvement, a second screw hole is arranged right above the fixing hole on the mechanical lever, the second screw hole extends to the lower end point of the fixing hole, a second bolt is arranged in the second screw hole, and the second bolt is matched with the fixing hole on the mechanical lever.

As an improvement, one end of the spring is provided with a disc, and the disc is matched with the limiting column.

As an improvement, a power switch is arranged on the bottom plate, and the power switch, the solenoid and the stabilized voltage power supply are connected in pairs through leads.

As a modification, the solenoid is located at a position on the bottom plate near the rear end in the middle.

As a refinement, the first optical mirror and the spring are located on the same side of the mechanical lever.

As an improvement, the first slide rail and the second slide rail are symmetrically arranged.

As a refinement, the distance from the midpoint of the first optical reflector to the rotation axis is 12 times the distance from the central axis of the fixing hole to the rotation axis.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: this experimental apparatus adopts and measures the wire, the blank of the little deformation measurement of linear member magnetostriction has been filled, the project achievement can provide a sexual valence relative altitude for colleges and universities' physics experiment teaching, feasible strong experiment measuring device, and carry out little deformation measurement research for solid-state material and provide a reliable measurement experimental apparatus, secondly, the optical lever amplification method has been improved, adopted and adopted the secondary reflection, the magnification has been increased, measuring error has been reduced, reduce the experimental apparatus volume, first slider can be followed first slide rail and lifted off, the second slider can be lifted off from the second slide rail, and is convenient for carry, the pivot and the scale of optical lever are in same end, the magnification is certain, make instrument convenient to use, need not calibrate before measuring at every turn.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a front view of an experimental apparatus for measuring a magnetostrictive micro deformation amount according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a left side view of the magnetostrictive micro deformation quantity measurement experimental device.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of an experimental apparatus for measuring a magnetostrictive minor deformation amount according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a first configuration of an experimental apparatus for measuring a magnetostrictive micro deformation amount according to the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view at a-a in fig. 3.

Fig. 6 is a partially enlarged view at B in fig. 4.

Fig. 7 is a partially enlarged view at C in fig. 2.

Fig. 8 is a partial enlarged view at D in fig. 5.

Fig. 9 is a partial enlarged view at E in fig. 5.

FIG. 10 is a plot of experimental data scattered by origin and fitted linearly to the experimental results.

As shown in the figure: 1. the device comprises a base plate, 2, a solenoid, 3, a first slide rail, 4, a second slide rail, 5, a stabilized voltage power supply, 6, a level meter, 7, a telescope, 8, a fixed column, 9, a supporting seat, 10, a mechanical lever, 11, a limiting column, 12, a fixed plate, 13, a rotating shaft, 14, a fixed hole, 15, a spring, 16, a first optical reflector, 17, a first sliding block, 18, a scale, 19, a second sliding block, 20, a second optical reflector, 21, a first screw hole, 22, a first bolt, 23, a second screw hole, 24, a second bolt, 25, a disc, 26 and a power switch.

Detailed Description

The magnetostrictive micro deformation amount measurement experimental device of the invention is further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

With reference to fig. 1-10, an experimental apparatus for measuring a magnetostrictive small deformation quantity comprises a bottom plate 1, a solenoid 2, a first slide rail 3, a second slide rail 4, a regulated power supply 5, a level gauge 6, a telescope 7, a fixed column 8, a supporting seat 9, a mechanical lever 10 and a limit column 11, wherein the solenoid 2 is arranged on the bottom plate 1, the fixed column 8 is arranged on the bottom plate 1 on one side of the solenoid 2, the supporting seat 9 is arranged on the bottom plate 1 on the other side of the solenoid 2, a fixed plate 12 is arranged at the upper end of the supporting seat 9, a rotating shaft 13 is arranged on the fixed plate 12, the other end of the rotating shaft 13 is connected with the supporting seat 9, one end of the mechanical lever 10 is rotatably connected with the rotating shaft 13, a fixed hole 14 is arranged at one end of the mechanical lever 10 close to the rotating shaft 13, the fixed hole 14 penetrates through the solenoid 2 and penetrates through the, the limiting column 11 is arranged on the bottom plate 1, the limiting column 11 and the solenoid 2 are positioned on the same side of the mechanical lever 10, the side end of the mechanical lever 10 close to the limit post 11 is provided with a spring 15, the spring 15 is matched with the limit post 11, the end of the mechanical lever 10 far away from the rotating shaft 13 is provided with a first optical reflector 16, the first slide rail 3 is arranged at the side end of the bottom plate 1, a first slide block 17 is arranged on the first slide rail 3, a scale 18 is arranged on the first slide block 17, the second slide rail 4 is arranged at the other side end of the bottom plate 1, a second slide block 19 is arranged on the second slide rail 4, the second slide block 19 is provided with a second optical reflector 20, the level gauge 6 is arranged at the rear end of the solenoid 2 on the bottom plate 1, the stabilized voltage power supply 5 is positioned on one side of the bottom plate 1 and connected with the solenoid 2 through a lead, and the telescope 7 is positioned on one side of the bottom plate 1 provided with the second slide rail 4.

The upper end of the fixing column 8 is provided with a first screw hole 21, the first screw hole 21 extends to the lower end point of the fixing hole 14, a first bolt 22 is arranged in the first screw hole 21, and the first bolt 22 is matched with the fixing hole 14 on the fixing column 8.

A second screw hole 23 is arranged right above the fixing hole 14 on the mechanical lever 10, the second screw hole 23 extends to the lower end point of the fixing hole 14, a second bolt 24 is arranged in the second screw hole 23, and the second bolt 24 is matched with the fixing hole 14 on the mechanical lever 10.

One end of the spring 15 is provided with a disc 25, and the disc 25 is matched with the limiting column 11.

The bottom plate 1 is provided with a power switch 26, and the power switch 26, the solenoid 2 and the stabilized voltage power supply 5 are connected with each other through a lead.

The solenoid 2 is located at a position on the bottom plate 1 near the rear end in the middle.

The first optical mirror 16 and the spring 15 are located on the same side of the mechanical lever.

The first slide rail 3 and the second slide rail 4 are symmetrically arranged.

The distance from the middle point of the first optical reflecting mirror 16 to the rotating shaft 13 is 12 times the distance from the central axis of the fixing hole 14 to the rotating shaft 13.

When the invention is implemented in practice, when in use, one end of a metal wire is firstly inserted into a fixing hole 14 on a fixed column 8, then a first bolt 22 is screwed to fix the metal wire, then the other end of the metal wire is fixed on a fixing hole 14 on a mechanical lever 10 through a solenoid 2, at the moment, the mechanical lever 10 is vertical to the metal wire, a spring 15 is in a compressed state, a disc 25 on the spring 15 is matched with a limit column 11, whether an experimental device is in a horizontal position is determined by observing a level gauge 6, the experimental device is ensured to be in the horizontal position, then a telescope 7 is adjusted to enable the telescope 7 to be horizontal and aim at a scale 18, the height of the telescope 7 is adjusted to enable a cross mark in a visual field to be aligned with the center of the scale 18, then secondary reflection coaxial adjustment is carried out, a first optical reflector 16 is directly observed, a second optical reflector 20 is roughly adjusted to enable the image center of the scale 18 in the first optical reflector, then, the telescope 7 is finely adjusted to enable the cross mark in the visual field to be aligned with the image of the scale 18 in the first optical reflector 16 (the pitch angle and the height of the telescope 7 cannot be adjusted at this time), then the power switch 26 is turned on, the solenoid 2 is electrified to generate a magnetic field at this time, the metal wire generates small deformation, the spring 15 extends to drive the mechanical lever 10 to rotate for a certain angle, the reading of the scale 18 in the telescope 7 changes, the current introduced by the solenoid 2 is adjusted, the current introduced by the solenoid 2 is increased, the reading of the scale 18 in the telescope 7 is recorded, (after the reading is started, the experimental device cannot be adjusted except for the adjustment current).

Taking a nickel wire as an example, it is known that a distance from a midpoint of the first optical reflector 16 to the rotation axis 13 is a multiple k of a distance from a central axis of the fixing hole 14 to the rotation axis 13, a distance from the scale 18 to the second optical reflector 20 is a, a distance from the second optical reflector 20 to the mechanical lever 10 is B, a length of the mechanical lever 10 is L, after the power switch 26 is turned on, the nickel wire is magnetostrictive to x, the spring 15 pushes the mechanical lever 10 to move the end of the mechanical lever 10 kx, the optical lever rotates around the rotation axis by a small angle, so that the first optical reflector 16 of the optical lever is driven to rotate by a corresponding small angle θ, a reflected light angle on the second optical reflector 20 rotates by 2 θ, and the optical lever amplifies the small displacement to a larger linear displacement D on the scale 18.

The solution is obtained by (1) and (2):

wherein the magnification is:

14 times of experiments are carried out under the same condition, and the magnitude of magnetostriction under different input currents is measured; the current is taken as the gradient of 0.3A, the reading of the scale after the current is stabilized every time is recorded, ten groups of data are obtained in every experiment, and the experimental data are summarized as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 scale reading units: mm is

Wherein it is determined that: a is 53.74cm, B is 46.20cm, and L is 14.75 cm.

1 lone Point data analysis

To get 7 thExperimental data for Current in the Secondary experiment 1.5A, according to D_i＝X_i-X₀Obtaining:

D_1.5＝X_1.5-X₀＝1.0mm

and (3) error analysis:

(1) the generation of magnetostriction requires very strict control of the environmental variables, and in addition, the solenoid 2 requires a long time to cool after one experiment, so it is not possible to ensure the same environmental variables for each experiment.

(2) The distance between the mechanical lever and the reflector is measured by using the ruler, certain system errors are inevitably generated on the amplification scale, but if the product is put into practical production and application, the method is different from the current manual processing method and can certainly produce a more precise measuring instrument.

2 continuous data analysis

Under the condition that the environmental variable control of one experiment is good, the data analysis of the continuity experiment is carried out by taking the tiny deformation (shown in table 2) of the 7 th experiment as an example, and the actual elongation is calculated according to a known optical lever amplification formula.

TABLE 2 micro deformation in experiment 7

After calculation, the data are checked by using a Grabas method, after an abnormal result is eliminated, origin is used for performing scatter plot drawing on the data and performing linear fitting, and a made linear fitting graph is shown in FIG. 10; because of the limitation of laboratory conditions, the magnetostriction measured in the experiment does not reach a saturation value yet, but other researches show that the magnetostriction change curve of the ferromagnetic material under low magnetic induction intensity is approximately linear, which is consistent with the origin fitting result, and the side surface shows the accuracy of the magnetostriction; similarly, when data processing is performed on each group of data, high linear correlation is found, so that the experiment has certain repeatability, and the measurement result is determined to be the magnetostriction quantity.

The present invention and its embodiments have been described above, and the description is not intended to be limiting, and the drawings are only one embodiment of the present invention, and the actual structure is not limited thereto. In summary, those skilled in the art should appreciate that they can readily use the disclosed conception and specific embodiments as a basis for designing or modifying other structures for carrying out the same purposes of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.