阅读说明：本技术 一种综合治理盐碱土壤的方法 (Method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil ) 是由 王国红 戈玮焜 王成华 于 2020-11-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及治理盐碱土壤技术领域,尤其为一种综合治理盐碱土壤的方法,S1,工程治理：建立现代化排水系统；S2,农业措施：包括耕作、客土、施肥、播种、轮作、间作、套种、种稻；S3,生物措施：包括种植耐盐作物、绿肥牧草、植树造林；S4,化学措施,通过在治理过程中要坚持以排水为基础,统筹处理好排、灌、蓄、补的关系,正确选定地下水位的临界深度,做到旱能灌、涝能排,返盐期能控制地下水位,而且灌有水源,地下水位下降后有水源可补,能使区域水盐运动处于良好的状态,达到改良土壤的目的,实行工程措施和农业、生物等多种措施紧密结合,因地制宜建立作物生长所必需的水、肥、气、热的良好农田生态系统,达到提高地力、农业增产的目的。(The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil treatment, in particular to a method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil, S1, engineering treatment: establishing a modern drainage system; s2, agricultural measures: comprises farming, soil dressing, fertilization, seeding, crop rotation, intercropping, interplanting and rice planting; s3, biological measures: comprises planting salt-tolerant crops, green manure pasture and afforestation; s4, chemical measures, based on drainage, treating the relation of drainage, irrigation, storage and supplement, selecting the critical depth of underground water level correctly, controlling the underground water level in the stage of salt return, irrigating with water source, supplementing water source after the underground water level is decreased, making the water-salt movement in the region in good state, improving soil, combining engineering measures with agriculture and biology measures tightly, establishing good farmland ecosystem of water, fertilizer, gas and heat necessary for crop growth according to local conditions, and increasing land ability and agricultural yield.)

1. A method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, engineering treatment: establishing a modern drainage system, including irrigation, drainage, flushing and channel seepage prevention;

s2, agricultural measures: comprises farming, soil dressing, fertilization, seeding, crop rotation, intercropping, interplanting and rice planting;

s3, biological measures: comprises planting salt-tolerant crops, green manure pasture and afforestation;

s4, chemical measures: mainly uses chemical improved substances, such as gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium sulfite, ferrous sulfate and weathered coal powder.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the S1 engineering remediation mainly comprises open trench drainage, closed conduit drainage, vertical shaft drainage, i.e. well digging and underground water pumping; the irrigation and drainage system is sound, irrigation and drainage channels are reasonably arranged, various levels of channel system channels such as water delivery, water distribution, irrigation and drainage and buildings are perfected, irrigation and drainage are separated, irrigation and water planning are carried out, drainage and drainage along with irrigation are realized, drainage and drainage in flood season are ensured, underground water level control is facilitated, and desalination and salt drainage are promoted; salt is drained and supplemented, the salt is pumped out by a well, and the salt is supplemented by irrigation, rainfall and water diversion, so that the shallow underground salt water is transformed; water diversion and salt washing, silt diversion and alkali pressing, canal seepage prevention, Xu bed and terrace building and land leveling.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural measures of S2 include improving alkali of rice, applying organic fertilizer, fertilizing soil, buffering salt in soil, reducing alkali in soil, and reducing harm of salt and alkali to crops; deeply ploughing and deeply turning, loosening a plough layer, breaking a plough bottom layer, cutting off capillaries, improving the water permeability and water retention performance of soil and accelerating salt leaching; reasonably plowing and harrowing, loosening a plowed layer, reducing the water evaporation of soil and preventing the salt at the bottom layer from accumulating upwards; spreading raw soil, covering grass and digging pit grass deeply.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological measures of S3 are mainly planting green manure grass, afforestation and planting salt-tolerant plants.

5. The method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the chemical measures of S4 are as follows: after application of the modifier, a large amount of water is required for rinsing.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil treatment, in particular to a method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil.

Background

The saline-alkali soil is formed in arid, semiarid and coastal areas under the comprehensive influence of various natural conditions such as climate, hydrogeology, terrain and the like. In arid and semiarid regions, due to strong ground evaporation, in places with gentle topography, unsmooth surface runoff drainage and shallow underground water burying depth, soluble salt in the matrix of the formed soil moves along with water and accumulates to a surface soil layer under the action of evaporation, so that the soil is salinized. Various coastal salinized lands with different salinization degrees can be formed in the coastal areas due to reverse irrigation and immersion of seawater.

The saline-alkali soil includes saline soil, alkaline earth, and various salinized and alkalized soils, which are collectively called salinized soil or saline-alkali soil. The process of increasing the salt content of soil is known as soil salt accumulation or salinization. The process of increasing soil exchangeable sodium ions is called soil alkalization, salinized soil contains much soluble salt, prevents crop roots from absorbing water, influences crop survival and fertility, and leads to seedling shortage, ridge breaking or withering in severe cases; the alkaline soil has toxic action on the root system of crops due to strong alkalinity, and the physicochemical property of the soil is deteriorated, particularly, the nutrient elements such as calcium, manganese, phosphorus, magnesium and the like are easy to be fixed in the alkaline soil, are not easy to be absorbed by the crops, and are harmful to the normal growth of the crops, so the method for comprehensively treating the saline-alkali soil is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:

s1, engineering treatment: establishing a modern drainage system, including irrigation, drainage, flushing and channel seepage prevention;

s2, agricultural measures: comprises farming, soil dressing, fertilization, seeding, crop rotation, intercropping, interplanting and rice planting;

s3, biological measures: comprises planting salt-tolerant crops, green manure pasture and afforestation;

s4, chemical measures: mainly uses chemical improved substances, such as gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium sulfite, ferrous sulfate and weathered coal powder.

Preferably, the S1 engineering treatment mainly comprises open ditch drainage, closed pipe drainage and vertical shaft drainage, namely well digging and pumping underground water; the irrigation and drainage system is sound, irrigation and drainage channels are reasonably arranged, various levels of channel system channels such as water delivery, water distribution, irrigation and drainage and buildings are perfected, irrigation and drainage are separated, irrigation and water planning are carried out, drainage and drainage along with irrigation are realized, drainage and drainage in flood season are ensured, underground water level control is facilitated, and desalination and salt drainage are promoted; salt is drained and supplemented, the salt is pumped out by a well, and the salt is supplemented by irrigation, rainfall and water diversion, so that the shallow underground salt water is transformed; water diversion and salt washing, silt diversion and alkali pressing, canal seepage prevention, Xu bed and terrace building and land leveling.

Preferably, the S2 agricultural measures mainly comprise the steps of improving alkali of rice, applying organic fertilizer, fertilizing soil fertility, buffering salt in soil, reducing alkalinity in soil and weakening harm of salt and alkali to crops; deeply ploughing and deeply turning, loosening a plough layer, breaking a plough bottom layer, cutting off capillaries, improving the water permeability and water retention performance of soil and accelerating salt leaching; reasonably plowing and harrowing, loosening a plowed layer, reducing the water evaporation of soil and preventing the salt at the bottom layer from accumulating upwards; spreading raw soil, covering grass and digging pit grass deeply.

Preferably, the S3 biological measures mainly include planting green manure pasture, afforestation and planting salt-tolerant plants.

Preferably, the chemical measures of S4 are as follows: after application of the modifier, a large amount of water is required for rinsing.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

in the invention, the relation of drainage, irrigation, storage and supplement is integrally processed by insisting on drainage as a basis in the treatment process, the critical depth of the underground water level is correctly selected, so that drought irrigation and waterlogging drainage are realized, the underground water level can be controlled in the salt return period, a water source is filled, the water source can be supplemented after the underground water level is reduced, the regional water-salt movement can be in a good state, the purpose of improving soil is achieved, engineering measures are closely combined with various measures such as agriculture and biology, a good ecological system of water, fertilizer, gas and heat necessary for the growth of crops is established according to local conditions, the purposes of improving land strength and increasing agricultural yield are achieved, the agricultural structure is adjusted according to local conditions, the land strength and the use of the land are made as much as possible, the agriculture, the forest, the pastoral side and fishery are comprehensively developed, and the best effect is obtained.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any creative work based on the embodiments of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention provides a technical scheme that:

a method for comprehensively treating saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:

s1, engineering treatment: establishing a modern drainage system, including irrigation, drainage, flushing and channel seepage prevention;

s2, agricultural measures: comprises farming, soil dressing, fertilization, seeding, crop rotation, intercropping, interplanting and rice planting;

s3, biological measures: comprises planting salt-tolerant crops, green manure pasture and afforestation;

s4, chemical measures: mainly uses chemical improved substances, such as gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium sulfite, ferrous sulfate and weathered coal powder.

The S1 engineering treatment mainly comprises open ditch drainage, closed pipe drainage and vertical shaft drainage, namely well digging and pumping underground water; the irrigation and drainage system is sound, irrigation and drainage channels are reasonably arranged, various levels of channel system channels such as water delivery, water distribution, irrigation and drainage and buildings are perfected, irrigation and drainage are separated, irrigation and water planning are carried out, drainage and drainage along with irrigation are realized, drainage and drainage in flood season are ensured, underground water level control is facilitated, and desalination and salt drainage are promoted; salt is drained and supplemented, the salt is pumped out by a well, and the salt is supplemented by irrigation, rainfall and water diversion, so that the shallow underground salt water is transformed; water diversion and salt washing, silt diversion and alkali pressing, canal seepage prevention, Xu bed and terrace building and land leveling.

The S2 agricultural measures mainly comprise the steps of improving alkali of rice, increasing organic fertilizer application, fertilizing soil fertility, buffering salt in soil, reducing alkalinity in soil and weakening harm of salt and alkali to crops; deeply ploughing and deeply turning, loosening a plough layer, breaking a plough bottom layer, cutting off capillaries, improving the water permeability and water retention performance of soil and accelerating salt leaching; reasonably plowing and harrowing, loosening a plowed layer, reducing the water evaporation of soil and preventing the salt at the bottom layer from accumulating upwards; spreading raw soil, covering grass and digging pit grass deeply.

The S3 biological measures mainly include planting green manure pasture, planting trees and planting salt-tolerant plants.

The chemical measures of S4 are as follows: after application of the modifier, a large amount of water is required for rinsing.

Example (b): the engineering measures mainly comprise ditch drainage: the channels at all levels matched with the dry branch hopper farm are used for removing redundant ground water and underground water, so that the method has remarkable effects of removing waterlogging, discharging salt and reducing underground water level, and drainage is realized by a concealed pipe: by using the pipeline type channel buried underground, redundant water in farmland soil is removed, the underground water level is reduced, underground pipe drainage is more drainage than open ditch drainage, the occupied area is less, buildings are less, cultivation and transportation are not affected, the drainage and salt removal effects are stable, the problem of slope collapse and sedimentation of the open ditch is avoided, and the management and maintenance are convenient; draining water in a vertical shaft: the well drainage can be used for both irrigation and drainage, has better effect, can be combined with ditch drainage, controls the underground water level by combining a backbone deep groove with the well drainage, prevents waterlogging and water damage by using a field shallow groove, can play roles in both the well and the ditch, can be combined by adopting a deep and a shallow well in a shallow fresh water lean water area or a shallow brackish water area, and is used for irrigation, saline drainage and underground water level control by using the shallow well, and is used for supplementing a water source and mixing saline water; sound irrigation drainage system: reasonably arranging irrigation and drainage channels, perfecting channels of various levels of channel systems such as water delivery, water distribution, irrigation and drainage and buildings, separating irrigation and drainage, reasonably irrigating and planning water use, realizing irrigation and drainage along with irrigation, ensuring waterlogging and water-logging prevention in flood season, being beneficial to controlling underground water level and promoting desalination and salt drainage, conditionally implementing an irrigation mode combining wells (exploiting underground water) and channels (introducing underground water), raising the underground water level by the channel irrigation, lowering by the well irrigation, lowering the underground water level by the well irrigation, replenishing by the channel irrigation, making up the untimely channel irrigation by the well irrigation, replenishing underground water resources by the channel irrigation, and making up the well control of the underground water level, replenishing the channel by the well and raising the well by the channel; draining salty taste and supplementing bland taste and utilizing salty water: pumping out salt from a well, recharging and compensating the salt water through irrigation, rainfall and water diversion, reforming shallow underground salt water, and when river water in spring is cut off in a shallow brackish water area, utilizing proper amount of brackish water with shallow water salinity less than 5 g/liter to resist drought and water wheat, so that the yield is increased, and after watering, the soil surface soil salt content is increased, but salt accumulation in a plough layer in the year can be avoided through salt leaching by the aid of the rain or irrigation; water diversion and salt washing: water is introduced to leach salt in the saline soil to a bottom soil layer, and then the dissolved salt is drained through a drainage ditch, so that the irrigation of the light saline soil can be increased to leach the salt in a rated manner, and the salt can be leached by rain or stored with light pressure in summer; leading silt and pressing alkali: river water and silt resources are utilized, the flow velocity is reduced through a canal system, silt is settled and filled in the land, the soil fertility can be improved, and salt is leached; seepage prevention of a channel: the water-saving type soil-protecting wall saves water, avoids water leakage, raises the underground water level, prevents soil from secondary salinization, and has the forms of compaction, lining and protecting surface, such as concrete slab protecting surface, dry-laid (or grouted) stone protecting surface, lime soil protecting surface, felt interlayer, plastic film seepage prevention and the like; constructing a ridge and a terrace with the Xue parts: digging ditch and sap parts around a low-lying field block which is easy to waterlog and poor in drainage, raising the field, and enclosing ridges as ridge fields; if the ditch is large and the ground pad is high, the underground water level can be relatively lowered, and salt leaching and salt elimination are facilitated; land leveling: the topographic conditions that uneven high depressions are easy to accumulate salt are eliminated, moisture is enabled to permeate downwards uniformly, and irrigation, salt pressing and salt sprinkling are facilitated;

the agricultural measures mainly include: modifying rice into alkali: the water layer on the field surface of the rice in the whole growth period is utilized to continuously spray salt, the soil desalting layer and the desalting degree are gradually deepened and enlarged along with the prolonging of the rice planting period, and when the water and fertilizer are insufficient, the paddy-upland rotation is adopted, so that the water quantity is saved, and the accumulation and the conversion of soil nutrients are facilitated; the organic fertilizer is applied to increase the soil fertility, play a role in buffering the salt in the soil, reduce the alkalinity in the soil and weaken the harm of the salt and the alkali to crops; deeply ploughing and deeply turning, loosening a plough layer, breaking a plough bottom layer, cutting off capillaries, improving the water permeability and water retention performance of soil and accelerating salt leaching; reasonably plowing and harrowing, loosening a plowed layer, reducing the water evaporation of soil and preventing the salt at the bottom layer from accumulating upwards; laying raw soil and covering grass, digging mud and laying the field in combination with ditching, shoveling surface soil and then laying the raw soil, and covering straw grass after reducing the surface soil, so that the water evaporation of the soil can be inhibited, the salt return can be prevented, and the soil fertility can be improved due to the rotting of the covered grass; deeply digging cellar grass, carrying out deep digging on salt spots, loosening the soil, breaking a hard board layer, digging along with the cellar grass, draining the salt by utilizing the stored water, preventing the salt from rising, increasing the nutrients, covering thick grass on the hard board layer, and establishing a ground covering layer, so that the salt spots can be eliminated quickly;

the biological measures mainly comprise: planting green manure pasture: the thick stem leaves cover the ground, can weaken the evaporation of surface moisture, restrain soil salt return, huge root system absorbs moisture in a large number, can make ground water level descend through leaf surface transpiration, prevent soil salinity from accumulating to the ground effectively, get into soil through ploughing green manure, multiplicable organic matter content, green body and root stubble decompose, produce various organic acids, play certain neutralization effect to soil alkalinity, the planting mode has: wheat stubble summer green manure or intercropping green manure, preparing base manure for wheat, planting winter green manure in an idle land in winter, preparing base manure for crops sowed in spring, planting annual or perennial green manure in a wasteland, cutting green manure to wet manure, and cultivating the wasteland; afforesting: the method has the advantages that the microclimate of the farmland is improved, evaporation is reduced, the underground water level can be reduced through the transpiration effect of the trees, salt return is inhibited, desalination is promoted, the interpenetration effect of the root systems of the trees and the falling leaves of dead branches can improve the physical properties of the soil, organic matters are increased, the soil fertility is improved, salt-tolerant plants are planted, the soil of the heavy saline-alkali land can be preliminarily improved, the next treatment is facilitated, the aquatic duckweed with strong salt tolerance, fast growth, large propagation coefficient and strong nitrogen fixation capacity is released in the light plate field of the salt beach, and the sesbania is planted in the drought for 2-3 years after the salt is washed and the duckweed is bred in 1-2 years, so that crops such as cotton can;

chemical measures for some heavy alkali lands, besides engineering, agricultural and biological measures, chemical improvement substances such as gypsum, phosphogypsum, calcium sulfite, ferrous sulfate, weathered coal powder and the like are applied in a matching manner, the substances are rich in calcium and free acid, after the substances are applied, the proportion relation of calcium, magnesium and calcium and sodium ions in soil colloid can be improved, the free acid and calcium carbonate in soil act to activate calcium, the effectiveness of the calcium is improved, the alkalinity in the soil can be neutralized, and the pH value is reduced, so that the alkali damage is eliminated.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.