阅读说明：本技术 一种反电渗析发电装置 (Reverse electrodialysis power generation device ) 是由 李美 郭家斌 王一玮 于 2020-11-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种反电渗析发电装置,包括反电渗析膜堆,反电渗析膜堆包括依次设置的阴极板、交替排列的阴离子交换膜和阳离子交换膜、阳极板,交替排列的阴离子交换膜和阳离子交换膜通过隔板间隔,隔板包括隔板垫,隔板垫上依次层叠有阳极网、阴离子交换网层、阳离子交换网层、阴极网；阴离子交换膜、阳离子交换膜之间的隔板为正向隔板,阳离子交换膜、阴离子交换膜之间的隔板为反向隔板,且阴离子交换网层靠近阴离子交换膜；反电渗析膜堆连接有浓水罐、淡水罐,浓水罐与正向隔板连通,淡水罐与反向隔板连通。能减小阴影效应对反电渗析的影响,通过施加电场加速离子迁移速率,加大反电渗析发电效率。(The invention discloses a reverse electrodialysis power generation device, which comprises a reverse electrodialysis membrane stack, wherein the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack comprises cathode plates, anion exchange membranes, cation exchange membranes and anode plates which are arranged in sequence, the anion exchange membranes and the cation exchange membranes are arranged alternately, the anion exchange membranes and the cation exchange membranes which are arranged alternately are separated by partition plates, each partition plate comprises a partition plate pad, and an anode net, an anion exchange net layer, a cation exchange net layer and a cathode net are sequentially stacked on each partition plate pad; the partition board between the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane is a forward partition board, the partition board between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane is a reverse partition board, and the anion exchange net layer is close to the anion exchange membrane; the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack is connected with a concentrated water tank and a fresh water tank, the concentrated water tank is communicated with the forward partition plate, and the fresh water tank is communicated with the reverse partition plate. The influence of shadow effect on the reverse electrodialysis can be reduced, the ion migration rate is accelerated by applying an electric field, and the power generation efficiency of the reverse electrodialysis is improved.)

1. A reverse electrodialysis power generation device comprises a reverse electrodialysis membrane stack (1), wherein the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack (1) comprises cathode plates (2), anion exchange membranes (3) and cation exchange membranes (4) which are arranged in sequence, and anode plates (5), the anion exchange membranes (3) and the cation exchange membranes (4) which are arranged in sequence are separated by partition plates (6), and the reverse electrodialysis power generation device is characterized in that the partition plates (6) comprise partition plate pads (601), and an anode net (602), an anion exchange net layer (603), a cation exchange net layer (604) and a cathode net (605) are sequentially stacked on the partition plate pads (601); the partition plate (6) between the anion exchange membrane (3) and the cation exchange membrane (4) is a forward partition plate, the partition plate (6) between the cation exchange membrane (4) and the anion exchange membrane (3) is a reverse partition plate, and the anion exchange net layer (603) is close to the anion exchange membrane (3); the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack (1) is connected with a concentrated water tank (7) and a fresh water tank (8), the concentrated water tank (7) is communicated with the forward partition plate, and the fresh water tank (8) is communicated with the reverse partition plate.

2. A reverse electrodialysis power generation device according to claim 1, further comprising a constant voltage source (9), wherein the positive and negative electrodes of the constant voltage source (9) are electrically connected to the anode net (602) and the cathode net (605), respectively.

3. A reverse electrodialysis power generation device according to claim 2, further comprising a power generation module (11), wherein the power generation module (11) generates power by wind energy and potential energy at sea entrance; the power generation module (11) is electrically connected with the constant voltage source (9).

4. A reverse electrodialysis power generation device according to claim 3, further comprising two water pumps (10), one of the water pumps (10) is respectively communicated with the concentrate tank (7) and the forward partition, and the other water pump (10) is respectively communicated with the dilute tank (8) and the reverse partition; the water pump (10) is electrically connected with the constant voltage source (9) through an inverter.

5. A reverse electrodialysis power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the mesh sizes of the anode mesh (602), the anion exchange mesh layer (603), the cation exchange mesh layer (604) and the cathode mesh (605) are the same.

6. A reverse electrodialysis power generation device according to claim 1, wherein the material of the separator pad (601) is silicon, the material of the anode mesh (602) is titanium coated with ruthenium, the material of the anion exchange mesh layer (603) is the same as that of the anion exchange membrane (3), the material of the cation exchange mesh layer (604) is the same as that of the cation exchange membrane (4), and the material of the cathode mesh (605) is stainless steel.

7. A reverse electrodialysis power generation unit according to claim 1, wherein the water source of the concentrate tank (7) is circulating cooling seawater, and the water source of the fresh water tank (8) is river water.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of power generation equipment, and relates to a reverse electrodialysis power generation device.

Background

The salt difference energy is potential energy existing between two solutions with different ion concentrations, is physical and chemical energy and mainly exists in a river estuary, an inland salt lake and a salt mine. The sea area of China is wide, the coastline is long, the number of rivers entering the sea is large, the runoff entering the sea is huge, and abundant salt difference energy resources are reserved near the sea entrance of each river along the coast. The reverse electrodialysis power generation is a novel renewable sustainable green clean energy source for generating power by utilizing the salt difference energy. As one of the most promising and potential methods in the technology of generating electricity by using salt difference energy, the reverse electrodialysis electricity generation has higher energy density, stronger operability and lower cost compared with other methods, and has become a rapidly growing and active research topic in the current new energy exploration.

Meanwhile, because coastal fresh water resources in China are seriously short of each other, when the coal-fired power plant is built in the offshore bay, seawater is suitable to be used as circulating cooling water, so that the fresh water resources can be greatly saved. However, the direct-flow cooling of seawater has serious environmental pollution, and the direct discharge of cooling water can cause eutrophication of environmental water areas, promote the growth of bacteria and algae, seriously pollute the sea area near the power plant and destroy the ecological environment. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an environment-friendly seawater circulating cooling water treatment technology. The seawater circulating cooling technology is an environment-friendly water-saving new technology urgently needed in coastal cities and areas and has the characteristics of small water demand, high concentration multiple (2-3 times), small medicament pollution, small warm drainage pollution and the like. The method saves a large amount of fresh water resources, is favorable for protecting the environment and balancing the ecology, and has very wide application prospect. The application of the seawater circulating cooling technology in coastal power generation enterprises in China is expected to change the water resource structure of coastal cities and areas in China, effectively solves the problem of shortage of fresh water resources, and has great influence on the economic and social development in China.

The reverse electrodialysis power generation utilizes the ion exchange membranes which are alternately arranged to separate fresh water and seawater, the concentration difference drives ions in the seawater to migrate to the fresh water through the membranes to form internal current, and then the internal current is converted into external current through the electrode oxidation reduction reaction, so that the conversion of salt difference energy to electric energy is realized. Because the physical process of the reverse electrodialysis power generation is complex, multiple subjects such as physics, chemistry, materials and the like are crossed, and the improvement of the power generation efficiency is always a difficult problem in the field of the reverse electrodialysis power generation. At present, the energy conversion efficiency of the reverse electrodialysis power generation system is generally low.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a reverse electrodialysis power generation device, which solves the problem of low energy conversion efficiency in the prior art.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the reverse electrodialysis power generation device comprises a reverse electrodialysis membrane stack, wherein the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack comprises cathode plates, anion exchange membranes, cation exchange membranes and anode plates which are arranged in sequence, the anion exchange membranes and the cation exchange membranes are arranged in an alternating mode, the anion exchange membranes and the cation exchange membranes which are arranged in the alternating mode are separated through partition plates, each partition plate comprises a partition plate pad, and an anode net, an anion exchange net layer, a cation exchange net layer and a cathode net are sequentially stacked on the partition plate pads; the partition board between the anion exchange membrane and the cation exchange membrane is a forward partition board, the partition board between the cation exchange membrane and the anion exchange membrane is a reverse partition board, and the anion exchange net layer is close to the anion exchange membrane; the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack is connected with a concentrated water tank and a fresh water tank, the concentrated water tank is communicated with the forward partition plate, and the fresh water tank is communicated with the reverse partition plate.

The invention is also characterized in that:

the anode and the cathode of the constant voltage source are respectively electrically connected with the anode net and the cathode net.

The wind power generation device also comprises a power generation module, wherein the power generation module generates power through the wind energy and the potential energy at the sea entrance; the power generation module is electrically connected with the constant voltage source.

The device also comprises two water pumps, wherein one water pump is respectively communicated with the concentrated water tank and the forward partition plate, and the other water pump is respectively communicated with the fresh water tank and the reverse partition plate; the water pump is electrically connected with the constant voltage source through the inverter.

The mesh sizes of the anode net, the anion exchange net layer, the cation exchange net layer and the cathode net are the same.

The material of the separator pad is silicon, the material of the anode net is titanium-coated ruthenium, the material of the anion exchange net layer is the same as that of the anion exchange membrane, the material of the cation exchange net layer is the same as that of the cation exchange membrane, and the material of the cathode net is stainless steel.

The water source of the concentrated water tank is circulating cooling seawater, and the water source of the fresh water tank is river water.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the reverse electrodialysis power generation device adopts high-concentration and residual-temperature treated cooling seawater as the concentrated water input of the reverse electrodialysis, so that the power generation efficiency of the reverse electrodialysis can be improved; the reverse electrodialysis is utilized to neutralize and cool the concentration of the seawater, so that the influence of strong brine on the concentration of local seawater is reduced, and the zero discharge of seawater circulating cooling concentrated water is realized; the partition plate consisting of the anode net, the anion exchange net layer, the cation exchange net layer and the cathode net can reduce the influence of shadow effect on reverse electrodialysis, accelerate the ion migration rate by applying an electric field and increase the power generation efficiency of reverse electrodialysis; the water flow potential energy and wind energy of the river sea entrance are used for generating electricity to serve as the water pump of the reverse electrodialysis device and the power supply of the electric field, and the zero input of the electric energy of the reverse electrodialysis device can be realized.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reverse electrodialysis power generation device according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a reverse electrodialysis membrane stack in a reverse electrodialysis power plant according to the present invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a separator in a reverse electrodialysis power generation device according to the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a reverse electrodialysis membrane stack, 2, a cathode plate, 3, an anion exchange membrane, 4, a cation exchange membrane, 5, an anode plate, 6, a separator, 601, a separator pad, 602, an anode net, 603, an anion exchange net layer, 604, a cation exchange net layer, 605, a cathode net, 7, a concentrated water tank, 8, a dilute water tank, 9, a constant voltage source, 10, a water pump and 11 are power generation modules.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

A reverse electrodialysis power generation device is shown in figure 1 and comprises a reverse electrodialysis membrane stack 1, as shown in figure 2, the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack 1 comprises cathode plates 2, anion exchange membranes 3 and cation exchange membranes 4 which are alternately arranged, and anode plates 5 which are sequentially arranged, the anion exchange membranes 3 and the cation exchange membranes 4 which are alternately arranged are separated through partition plates 6, as shown in figure 3, the partition plates 6 comprise partition plate pads 601, and an anode net 602, an anion exchange net layer 603, a cation exchange net layer 604 and a cathode net 605 are sequentially laminated on the partition plate pads 601; the partition plate 6 between the anion exchange membrane 3 and the cation exchange membrane 4 is a forward partition plate (the partition plate 6 is placed in the forward direction, the left side is the anion exchange net layer 603), the partition plate 6 between the cation exchange membrane 4 and the anion exchange membrane 3 is a reverse partition plate (the partition plate 6 is placed in the reverse direction, the left side is the cation exchange net layer 604), the anion exchange net layer 603 is close to the anion exchange membrane 3, and the cation exchange net layer 604 is close to the cation exchange membrane 4; the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack 1 is connected with a concentrated water tank 7 and a fresh water tank 8, the concentrated water tank 7 is communicated with the forward partition plate, and the fresh water tank 8 is communicated with the reverse partition plate.

The device also comprises a constant voltage source 9, wherein the anode and the cathode of the constant voltage source 9 are respectively electrically connected with the anode net 602 and the cathode net 605. The constant voltage source 9 applies constant direct current voltage to the partition plate 6 to form a directional electric field, so that the purpose of accelerating the movement of ions is achieved. The wind power generation device also comprises a power generation module 11, wherein the power generation module 11 generates power through wind energy and potential energy at the sea entrance; the power generation module 11 is electrically connected with the constant voltage source 9. The power generation module converts the wind energy and potential energy at the sea entrance into direct current electric energy by adopting the existing wind power generation technology and hydroelectric power generation technology, and provides direct current voltage for the constant voltage source 9 by a voltage stabilization technology.

The device also comprises two water pumps 10, wherein one water pump 10 is respectively communicated with the concentrated water tank 7 and the forward partition plate, and the other water pump 10 is respectively communicated with the fresh water tank 8 and the reverse partition plate; the water pump 10 is electrically connected with the constant voltage source 9 through an inverter. The direct current voltage of the constant voltage source 9 is supplied as the alternating current of the water pump 10 through the inverter and the inverter.

The anode mesh 602, the anion exchange mesh layer 603, the cation exchange mesh layer 604 and the cathode mesh 605 have the same mesh size. The material of the separator pad 601 is silicon, the material of the anode mesh 602 is titanium-coated ruthenium, the material of the anion exchange mesh layer 603 is the same as that of the anion exchange membrane 3, and the material of the cation exchange mesh layer 604 is the same as that of the cation exchange membrane 4. The material of the cathode mesh 605 is stainless steel. The separator 6 plays a role in supporting an ion exchange membrane in the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack 1, and has a good stirring function, so that the influence of concentration polarization is reduced. The size of the meshes of the partition plate 6 influences the fluid power, the larger the mesh spacing is, the larger the dead zone of the partition plate 6 is, the stronger the turbulence is, and the corresponding energy loss of the water flow is small. The resistance influence of the partition plate 6 in the reverse electrodialysis device is mainly reflected in thickness and shadow effect (the flow guide net of the traditional partition plate occupies the contact area of the solution and the ionic membrane, so that the ion transfer efficiency is low, which is called as the shadow effect of the partition plate), the thickness of the partition plate 6 can directly influence the ohmic resistance of a solution compartment in the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack, the thickness of the partition plate 6 is increased, and the corresponding ohmic resistance is increased; the shadow effect of the separator 6 affects the migration of ions, and the use of the anode mesh 602, the anion exchange mesh layer 603, the cation exchange mesh layer 604 and the cathode mesh 605 having the same mesh size increases the power density of the reverse electrodialysis device by nearly 3 times.

In this embodiment, the spacer pad 601 has a thickness of 0.5mm, and plays a role in supporting the ion exchange membrane; the thickness of the anode mesh 602 is 0.1mm, and the mesh size is 2mm × 2 mm; the thickness of the anion exchange net layer 603 is 0.15mm, and the mesh size is 2mm multiplied by 2 mm; the thickness of the cation exchange net layer 604 is 0.15mm, and the mesh size is 2mm multiplied by 2 mm; the cathode mesh 605 had a thickness of 0.1mm and a mesh size of 2mm × 2 mm.

The water source of the concentrated water tank 7 is circulating cooling seawater with residual temperature and high concentration, and the water source of the fresh water tank 8 is river water which is treated by liquid medicine for sterilization and impurity removal. When the temperature of the solution rises, the membrane resistance and the solution resistance of the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack 1 are correspondingly reduced, and the transmembrane voltage is correspondingly increased; the larger the concentration difference of the concentrated solution, the larger the transmembrane voltage. Therefore, the power generation efficiency of the reverse electrodialysis device can be effectively improved by adopting the seawater circulating cooling liquid with residual temperature and high concentration.

The working principle of the reverse electrodialysis power generation device is as follows:

when feed liquid enters the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack 1, due to membrane characteristics of the anion exchange membrane 3 and the cation exchange membrane 4 (the anion exchange membrane 3 only allows chloride ions to pass through due to the existence of electropositive high polymer polymeric adhesive groups, and the cation exchange membrane 4 only allows sodium ions to pass through due to the existence of electronegative high polymer polymeric adhesive groups), and solution concentrations at two sides are different, sodium ions are pushed by the difference of solution concentrations at two sides of the cation exchange membrane 4 to directionally move, migrate from the side with larger ion concentration and smaller in the ground direction, move to the anode plate by passing through the cation exchange membrane 4, and the chloride ions are in the same way; sodium ions and chloride ions move directionally in the battery to form 'internal current'. Then, a reduction reaction for obtaining electrons occurs in the cathode plate 2, an oxidation reaction for losing electrons occurs in the anode plate 5, and divalent iron ions in the electrode solution lose electrons to become trivalent ions, and at this time, the ions move toward the electrodes to maintain the electroneutrality of the solution. After a load is connected and a circuit is switched on, electrons flow, ions in the solution move directionally at the moment and are converted into external current of the reverse electrodialysis membrane stack 1, electromotive force is formed, conversion from chemical energy to electric energy is achieved, high-concentration seawater is neutralized and discharged, and the influence of the high-concentration seawater on the ecology of the surrounding sea area is reduced.

The separator comprises an anode net 602, an anion exchange net layer 603, a cation exchange net layer 604 and a cathode net 605, wherein the material of the anion exchange net layer 603 is the same as that of an anion exchange membrane 3, the material of the cation exchange net layer 604 is the same as that of a cation exchange membrane 4, and the anion exchange net layer 603 and the cation exchange net layer 604 are used as current guide nets, so that the influence of shadow effect can be eliminated, and the ion migration effect in the mass transfer process is enhanced. At the same time, the anode net 602 and the cathode net 605 on both sides can accelerate Na according to the electrophoresis phenomenon (in a DC electric field, charged particles move to electrodes with opposite signs)⁺、Cl^-The ions move to the cation and anion exchange membranes to enhance the ion migration effect.

Through the mode, the reverse electrodialysis power generation device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the high-concentration and residual-temperature treated cooling seawater is used as the concentrated water input of the reverse electrodialysis, so that the power generation efficiency of the reverse electrodialysis can be increased; the reverse electrodialysis is utilized to neutralize and cool the concentration of the seawater, so that the influence of strong brine on the concentration of local seawater is reduced, and the zero discharge of seawater circulating cooling concentrated water is realized; the partition plate consisting of the anode net, the anion exchange net layer, the cation exchange net layer and the cathode net can reduce the influence of shadow effect on reverse electrodialysis, accelerate the ion migration rate by applying an electric field and increase the power generation efficiency of reverse electrodialysis; the water flow potential energy and wind energy of the river sea entrance are used for generating electricity to serve as the water pump of the reverse electrodialysis device and the power supply of the electric field, and the zero input of the electric energy of the reverse electrodialysis device can be realized.