Flame-retardant resin composition and method for producing same
阅读说明：本技术 阻燃性树脂组合物及其制造方法 (Flame-retardant resin composition and method for producing same ) 是由 中井美穗 野口彰太 熊泽颂平 上川泰生 于 2019-07-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种树脂组合物,其与以往的聚酰胺系阻燃树脂组合物相比,机械特性、刚性、外观特性、阻燃性和耐金属腐蚀性优异,且环境负荷也小。本发明涉及一种阻燃性树脂组合物,其包含聚酰胺树脂(A)35～85质量％,平均纤维直径为10μm以下的纤维素纤维(B)0.45～30质量％,次膦酸金属盐(C)4.5～40质量％和除纤维素纤维以外的强化材料(D)0～35质量％。(The present invention provides a resin composition which is superior in mechanical properties, rigidity, appearance properties, flame retardancy and metal corrosion resistance and has a smaller environmental load than conventional polyamide flame retardant resin compositions. The present invention relates to a flame-retardant resin composition comprising 35 to 85 mass% of a polyamide resin (A), 0.45 to 30 mass% of a cellulose fiber (B) having an average fiber diameter of 10 [ mu ] m or less, 4.5 to 40 mass% of a metal phosphinate (C), and 0 to 35 mass% of a reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fiber.)
1. A flame retardant resin composition comprising: 35 to 85 mass% of polyamide resin (A), 0.45 to 30 mass% of cellulose fiber (B) having an average fiber diameter of 10 [ mu ] m or less, 4.5 to 40 mass% of metal phosphinate (C), and 0 to 35 mass% of reinforcing material (D) other than cellulose fiber.
2. The flame-retardant resin composition according to claim 1, wherein the metal phosphinate (C) is a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or (II):
in the formula, R1、R2、R4And R5Each independently represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms or a phenyl group; r3Represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an arylalkylene group or an alkylarylene group; m represents calcium ion, aluminum ion, magnesium ion or zinc ion; m is 2 or 3; n, a, and b are integers satisfying the relational expression of 2 × b ═ n × a.
3. The flame-retardant resin composition according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fiber is 1 or more kinds of reinforcing materials selected from the group consisting of a fibrous reinforcing material, a needle-like reinforcing material and a plate-like reinforcing material.
4. The flame-retardant resin composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the metal phosphinate (C) is contained in an amount of 8 to 40 mass%.
5. The flame-retardant resin composition according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the cellulose fibers (B) have an average fiber diameter of 1 to 1000nm,
the content of the metal phosphinate (C) is 15 to 40 mass%.
6. The flame-retardant resin composition according to claim 5, wherein the polyamide resin (A) is contained in an amount of 62 to 79% by mass,
the content of the cellulose fiber (B) is 1 to 8 mass%,
the average fiber diameter of the cellulose fibers (B) is 40-80 nm.
7. A method for producing the flame-retardant resin composition according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
the polyamide resin (a) in which the cellulose fibers (B) are dispersed is melt-kneaded together with the metal phosphinate (C) and the reinforcing material (D) after the polymerization reaction of the monomers constituting the polyamide resin (a) is performed in the presence of the cellulose fibers (B).
Technical Field
The present invention relates to a flame-retardant resin composition containing a polyamide resin and a method for producing the same.
Background
Among engineering resins, polyamide resins are widely used for electronic and electric applications, OA equipment applications, automobile applications, and the like because of their characteristics of high heat resistance and excellent molding flowability. These applications require flame retardancy, and flame retardant polyamide resin compositions are often used.
As a method for making a polyamide resin flame-retardant, a method of blending melamine cyanurate with a polyamide resin to which no filler is added is mainstream. This method has a small environmental load in that halogen is not used, but since no filler is added, strength and rigidity are insufficient. Polyamide resins containing glass fibers and inorganic fillers for the purpose of improving strength and rigidity have a low flame retardant effect of melamine cyanurate, and therefore, a composition containing brominated polystyrene and antimony oxide as flame retardants is mainly used. However, in this composition, bromine is a halogen, and therefore, there is a problem of high environmental load.
In recent years, a composition containing a non-halogen phosphorus flame retardant has been studied for a polyamide resin to which glass fibers and an inorganic filler are added. For example, patent document 1 proposes a resin composition composed of a polyamide resin, an inorganic filler, melamine phosphate, and a metal phosphinate. However, the metal phosphinate having a particularly high flame retardant effect among phosphorus flame retardants has the following problem of metal corrosion resistance: in the melt processing, metal parts such as a screw and a die of an extruder and a screw and a die of a molding machine are severely worn. In addition, there is a problem in appearance of a molded product due to deterioration of mold transferability caused by the filler.
Even when the amount of glass or the amount of inorganic filler is reduced to reduce the amount of abrasion and improve the appearance, the following problems occur: the dripping phenomenon is generated in the burning test of the flame retardant specification UL94, the flame retardant grades of V-1 and V-0 cannot be achieved, and the flame retardant property is reduced. Further, there is also a method of blending a polytetrafluoroethylene resin having fibril forming ability as in patent document 2, for example, in order to prevent dripping, but there is a problem of environmental load because fluorine is contained as a halogen. V-0 in UL94 is an evaluation grade that is recognized as not easily ignited and having excellent flame retardancy in specifications established by underwriters Laboratories Inc., U.S.A. V-1 is an evaluation grade of high flame retardancy next to V-0.
Documents of the prior art
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open No. 2007-231094
Patent document 2: japanese patent laid-open No. 2014-47308
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a resin composition which is superior in mechanical properties, rigidity, appearance properties, flame retardancy, and metal corrosion resistance and which has a smaller environmental load than conventional polyamide flame retardant resin compositions.
The present inventors have made extensive studies to solve the above problems, and as a result, have found that the above object can be achieved by blending a specific cellulose fiber and a metal phosphinate and further optionally an inorganic filler with a polyamide resin, and have completed the present invention.
That is, the gist of the present invention is as follows.
< 1 > a flame-retardant resin composition comprising 35 to 85 mass% of a polyamide resin (A), 0.45 to 30 mass% of a cellulose fiber (B) having an average fiber diameter of 10 μm or less, 4.5 to 40 mass% of a metal phosphinate (C), and 0 to 35 mass% of a reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fiber.
< 2 > the flame-retardant resin composition according to < 1 >, wherein the metal phosphinate (C) is a compound represented by the following general formula (I) or (II):
(in the formula, R1、R2、R4And R5Each independently represents a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms or a phenyl group; r3Represents a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, an arylalkylene group or an alkylarylene group; m represents calcium ion, aluminum ion, magnesium ion or zinc ion; m is 2 or 3; n, a, and b are integers satisfying the relation of 2 × b ═ n × a).
< 3 > the flame-retardant resin composition according to < 1 > or < 2 >, wherein the reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fiber is 1 or more kinds of reinforcing materials selected from the group consisting of a fibrous reinforcing material, a needle-like reinforcing material and a plate-like reinforcing material.
< 4 > the flame-retardant resin composition according to any one of < 1 > to < 3 >, wherein the content of the metal phosphinate (C) is 8 to 40 mass%.
< 5 > the flame-retardant resin composition according to any one of < 1 > -4 >, wherein the cellulose fibers (B) have an average fiber diameter of 1 to 1000nm,
the content of the metal phosphinate (C) is 15 to 40 mass%.
< 6 > the flame-retardant resin composition according to < 5 >, wherein the polyamide resin (A) is contained in an amount of 62 to 79% by mass,
the content of the cellulose fiber (B) is 1 to 8% by mass,
the cellulose fiber (B) has an average fiber diameter of 0 to 80 nm.
< 7 > a method for producing the flame-retardant resin composition described in any one of < 1 > to < 6 >,
the polyamide resin (A) in which the cellulose fibers (B) are dispersed is melt-kneaded together with the metal phosphinate (C) and the reinforcing material (D) after the polymerization reaction of the monomers constituting the polyamide resin (A) is carried out in the presence of the cellulose fibers (B).
According to the present invention, a resin composition which is superior in mechanical properties, rigidity, appearance properties, flame retardancy, and metal corrosion resistance and which has a smaller environmental load than conventional polyamide flame retardant resin compositions can be provided.
The resin composition of the present invention does not contain a halogen compound or an antimony compound, and therefore, has a small load on the environment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a biaxial kneading extruder and a die for explaining the method of evaluating metal corrosion resistance in examples.
Detailed Description
The flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention is a resin composition containing a polyamide resin (a) and a cellulose fiber (B) and a metal phosphinate (C). The flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention may further contain a reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fiber and other additives.
The polyamide resin (a) used in the present invention is a polymer having an amide bond formed from an amino acid, a lactam or a diamine and a dicarboxylic acid.
Examples of the amino acid include 6-aminocaproic acid, 11-aminoundecanoic acid, 12-aminododecanoic acid, and p-aminomethylbenzoic acid.
Examples of lactams include epsilon-caprolactam and omega-laurolactam.
Examples of the diamine include butanediamine, hexanediamine, nonanediamine, decanediamine, undecanediamine, dodecanediamine, 2, 4-/2, 4, 4-trimethylhexanediamine, 5-methylnonanediamine, 2, 4-dimethyloctanediamine, m-xylylenediamine, p-xylylenediamine, 1, 3-bis (aminomethyl) cyclohexane, 1-amino-3-aminomethyl-3, 5, 5-trimethylcyclohexane, 3, 8-bis (aminomethyl) tricyclodecane, bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methane, bis (3-methyl-4-aminocyclohexyl) methane, 2-bis (4-aminocyclohexyl) propane and bis (aminopropyl) piperazine.
Examples of the dicarboxylic acid include adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, dodecanedioic acid, terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2-chloroterephthalic acid, 2-methylterephthalic acid, 5-methylisophthalic acid, sodium 5-sulfoisophthalate, hexahydroterephthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, and diglycolic acid.
Specific examples of the polyamide resin used in the present invention include polycaproamide (polyamide 6), polytetramethyleneadipamide (polyamide 46), polyhexamethyleneadipamide (polyamide 66), polyhexamethylenesebacamide (polyamide 610), polyhexamethylenedodecanediamide (polyamide 612), polyhexamethyleneadipamide (polyamide 116), polytridecylamide (polyamide 11), polydodecylamide (polyamide 12), polytrimethylhexamethylenediamine (polyamide TMHT), polyhexamethyleneterephthalamide (polyamide 6T), polyhexamethyleneisophthalamide (polyamide 6I), polyhexamethyleneterephthalamide/isophthalamide (polyamide 6T/6I), polybis (4-aminocyclohexyl) methanedodecamide (polyamide PACM12), polybis (3-methyl-4-aminocyclohexyl) methanedodecamide (polyamide dimethyl PACM12), Poly (m-xylylene adipamide) (polyamide MXD6), poly (nonanediyl terephthalamide) (polyamide 9T), poly (decamethylene terephthalamide) (polyamide 10T), poly (undecanediyl terephthalamide) (polyamide 11T), and poly (hexahydro-undecanediyl terephthalamide) (polyamide 11T (H)), and copolymers and mixtures thereof may be used. Among them, polyamide 6, polyamide 66, polyamide 11, polyamide 12, and copolymers and mixtures thereof are preferable, polyamide 6 is more preferable from the viewpoint of high slidability, and polyamide 66 is more preferable from the viewpoint of high mechanical properties.
The molecular weight of the polyamide resin is not particularly limited, and for example, the polyamide resin may have a molecular weight that can achieve a relative viscosity described later.
The polyamide resin can be produced by a known polycondensation method or a method using a solid-phase polymerization method in combination, or can be obtained as a commercially available product. Commercially available polyamide resins include, for example, a1030BRL (polyamide 6) available from kyaniko corporation and a125 (polyamide 66) available from kyaniko corporation.
The content of the polyamide resin (a) constituting the resin composition of the present invention is preferably 35 to 85 mass%, more preferably 50 to 85 mass%, even more preferably 62 to 85 mass%, and most preferably 62 to 79 mass%, from the viewpoint of further improving mechanical properties, rigidity, flame retardancy, metal corrosion resistance, and/or appearance. If the content of the polyamide resin (a) is too small, the resin component is too small, and therefore melt kneading becomes difficult. When the content of the polyamide resin (a) is too large, sufficient flame retardancy cannot be obtained. The content of the polyamide resin (a) is a value relative to the total amount of the flame-retardant resin composition containing the polyamide resin of the present invention. Specifically, the content of the polyamide resin (a) is a value obtained when the total amount of the polyamide resin (a), the cellulose fiber (B), the metal phosphinate (C), and the reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fiber is 100 mass%.
In the present invention, the cellulose fibers (B) are cellulose fibers having a specific average fiber diameter described later. The flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention contains the cellulose fiber (B) and the metal phosphinate (C) described later, and thus not only mechanical properties but also flame retardancy are sufficiently improved. Even if the flame-retardant resin composition contains only one of the cellulose fiber (B) and the metal phosphinate (C), sufficient flame retardancy cannot be obtained.
Examples of the cellulose fibers include cellulose fibers derived from wood, rice, cotton, hemp, kenaf, and the like, and also cellulose fibers derived from living organisms such as bacterial cellulose, algal cellulose, and ascidian cellulose. The cellulose fibers include regenerated cellulose and cellulose derivatives.
In the present invention, the cellulose fiber has an effect as a reinforcing material and also as a dripping inhibitor during combustion. In order to obtain a resin composition having not only mechanical properties but also excellent flame retardancy, it is preferable that cellulose fibers be uniformly dispersed in the resin composition without being aggregated. The cellulose fiber used for this purpose is not particularly limited, either chemically unmodified or chemically modified, if it can be uniformly dispersed in the resin composition at the end. The cellulose fibers are preferably used as being dispersed in the polyamide resin in advance. When cellulose fibers are dispersed in a polyamide resin in advance, a method of uniformly mixing cellulose fibers and a monomer constituting the polyamide resin and polymerizing the polyamide resin is preferably used. When such a method is selected, the cellulose fibers are preferably unmodified cellulose fibers having a high affinity for the monomers constituting the polyamide resin, or modified cellulose fibers in which a part of the hydroxyl groups derived from cellulose are substituted with hydrophilic or hydrophobic substituents. Examples of the hydrophilic substituent include a carboxyl group, a carboxymethyl group, and a phosphate group. Examples of the hydrophobic substituent include a silyl ether group and an acetyl group.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the average fiber diameter of the cellulose fiber is as small as possible. The smaller the average fiber diameter of the cellulose fibers, the more firmly the cellulose fibers form a network structure in the matrix resin, and the mechanical properties are improved.
The cellulose fibers contained in the flame-retardant resin composition need to have an average fiber diameter of 10 μm or less, and from the viewpoint of further improving flame retardancy, the average fiber diameter is preferably 1000nm or less, more preferably 500nm or less, further preferably 300nm or less, and particularly preferably 100nm or less. Since cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of more than 10 μm are difficult to form a network structure in a matrix resin, the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the resin composition are greatly impaired. The lower limit of the average fiber diameter is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1nm or more in view of productivity of the cellulose fiber. The cellulose fibers preferably have an average fiber diameter of 1 to 1000nm, more preferably 5 to 500nm, still more preferably 40 to 80nm, and particularly preferably 40 to 70nm, from the viewpoint of further improving mechanical properties, rigidity, flame retardancy, metal corrosion resistance, and/or appearance.
In order to make the average fiber diameter of the cellulose fibers in the resin composition 10 μm or less, it is preferable to use cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 10 μm or less as the cellulose fibers to be blended with the polyamide resin. As such cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 10 μm or less, cellulose fibers microfibrillated by tearing cellulose fibers are preferable. As the device for microfibrillation, various pulverizing devices such as a ball mill, a mortar pulverizer, a high-pressure homogenizer, a high-pressure pulverizing device, and a stirrer can be used. As the cellulose fiber, for example, "CELISH" manufactured by Daicel FineChem ltd.
As the cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 10 μm or less, an aggregate of cellulose fibers generated as broken threads in a process for producing a fibrous product using the cellulose fibers can be used. The production process of the fiber product includes spinning, cloth spinning, nonwoven fabric production, and fiber product processing. These cellulose fiber aggregates are formed into broken threads after the cellulose fibers have passed through these steps, and therefore, the cellulose fibers are refined.
Further, as the cellulose fiber having an average fiber diameter of 10 μm or less, a bacterial cellulose fiber produced by bacteria, for example, a cellulose fiber produced by acetic anhydride bacteria as a producing bacteria can be used. The plant cellulose fiber is formed by bundling molecular chains of cellulose and is formed by bundling very fine microfibers, whereas the cellulose fiber produced by acetic acid bacteria is originally in a band shape having a width of 20 to 50nm and is formed in a fine mesh shape as compared with the plant cellulose fiber.
Further, as the cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 10 μm or less, for example, fine cellulose fibers obtained by oxidizing cellulose fibers in the presence of an N-oxyl compound, washing with water, and a physical defibration step may be used. As the N-oxyl compound, various compounds are preferable, for example, 2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (2,2,6, 6-Tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl) (hereinafter abbreviated as "TEMPO") described in Cellulose (1998)5, 153-164, and the like. Such compounds are added to the aqueous reaction solution in a catalytic amount range. Sodium hypochlorite and sodium chlorite were added to the aqueous solution as a co-oxidant, and an alkali metal bromide was added to the solution to carry out a reaction. An alkaline compound such as an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is added to keep the pH at around 10, and the reaction is continued until no change in pH is observed. The reaction temperature may be room temperature. After the reaction, it is preferable to remove the N-oxyl compound remaining in the system. The washing may be performed by various methods such as filtration and centrifugation. Thereafter, the cellulose fibers can be obtained into fine cellulose fibers through a physical defibration step using various pulverizing apparatuses as described above. The cellulose fiber obtained by the above method is a modified cellulose fiber in which a part of hydroxyl groups derived from cellulose are substituted with carboxyl groups.
The aspect ratio ((average fiber length)/(average fiber diameter)) which is the ratio of the average fiber diameter to the average fiber length of the cellulose fibers in the resin composition of the present invention is preferably 10 or more, more preferably 50 or more, and still more preferably 100 or more. When the aspect ratio is 10 or more, the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of the resulting resin composition are easily improved.
The content of the cellulose fiber (B) constituting the resin composition of the present invention is preferably 0.45 to 30% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 30% by mass. When the content of the cellulose fiber is less than 0.45% by mass, sufficient mechanical properties and flame retardancy cannot be obtained. On the other hand, when the content of the cellulose fibers exceeds 30% by mass, it may be difficult to contain the cellulose fibers in the resin composition, or the flowability of the molten resin may deteriorate, which may result in a decrease in the moldability or flame retardancy of the resin composition. The content of the cellulose fiber is preferably 1 to 10% by mass from the viewpoint of further improving flame retardancy. The content of the cellulose fiber is preferably 1 to 8% by mass, more preferably 2 to 6% by mass, from the viewpoint of further improving mechanical properties, rigidity, flame retardancy, metal corrosion resistance, and appearance. The content of the cellulose fiber (B) is a value relative to the total amount of the flame-retardant resin composition containing the polyamide resin of the present invention. Specifically, the content of the cellulose fiber (B) is a value obtained when the total amount of the polyamide resin (a), the cellulose fiber (B), the metal phosphinate (C), and the reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fiber is 100 mass%.
From the viewpoint of further improving mechanical properties, rigidity, flame retardancy, metal corrosion resistance and/or appearance, the relative viscosity of the polyamide resin used in the present invention is preferably 1.5 to 5.0, more preferably 1.7 to 4.0, when measured at a temperature of 25 ℃ and a concentration of 1g/100mL using 96% sulfuric acid as a solvent. When cellulose fibers are dispersed in a polyamide resin in advance, the relative viscosity of the polyamide resin in which the cellulose fibers are dispersed is preferably within the above range.
The cellulose fibers have a very high affinity for water, and the smaller the average fiber diameter, the better the dispersion state in water can be maintained. In addition, when water is lost, cellulose fibers are strongly aggregated by hydrogen bonds, and when aggregated, it is difficult to maintain the same dispersion state as before aggregation. In particular, the smaller the average fiber diameter of the cellulose fiber becomes, the more remarkable the tendency becomes. Therefore, the cellulose fiber is preferably blended with the polyamide resin in a state containing water. Therefore, in the present invention, although cellulose fibers may be blended with the polyamide resin after polymerization by melt kneading or the like, the following method is preferably employed: the cellulose fibers are blended with the polyamide resin in advance by performing a polymerization reaction of monomers constituting the polyamide resin in the presence of the cellulose fibers in a state containing water. According to such a production method, cellulose fibers can be dispersed in the polyamide resin more uniformly without being aggregated.
In the method for producing the resin composition of the present invention, the cellulose fibers can be dispersed in the polyamide resin in advance by mixing the monomers constituting the polyamide resin with the aqueous dispersion of the cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 10 μm or less and carrying out a polymerization reaction.
When cellulose fibers are dispersed in a polyamide resin in advance, the aqueous dispersion of cellulose fibers is obtained by dispersing cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 10 μm or less in water, and the content of cellulose fibers in the aqueous dispersion is preferably 0.01 to 100 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of water. The aqueous dispersion of cellulose fibers can be obtained by stirring purified water and cellulose fibers with a stirrer or the like. Then, the aqueous dispersion of cellulose fibers and the monomers constituting the polyamide resin are mixed and stirred by a stirrer or the like to form a uniform dispersion. And then heating the dispersion liquid to 150-270 ℃, and stirring to perform polymerization reaction. In this case, the water vapor is gradually discharged when the dispersion is heated, whereby the water in the aqueous dispersion of cellulose fibers can be discharged. In the polymerization of the polyamide resin, a catalyst such as phosphoric acid or phosphorous acid may be added as necessary. After the polymerization reaction is completed, the obtained resin composition is taken out and preferably cut into pellets.
When bacterial cellulose is used as the cellulose fiber, a solution obtained by immersing bacterial cellulose in purified water and replacing the solvent may be used as the aqueous dispersion of cellulose fiber. In the case of using a liquid obtained by solvent substitution of bacterial cellulose, it is preferable that after the solvent substitution, the liquid adjusted to a predetermined concentration is mixed with a monomer constituting the polyamide resin, and the polymerization reaction is carried out in the same manner as described above.
In the above method, since the cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 10 μm or less are directly supplied to the polymerization reaction in a state of being held in an aqueous dispersion, the cellulose fibers can be supplied to the polymerization reaction in a state of good dispersibility. Further, the cellulose fibers to be subjected to the polymerization reaction are reacted with the monomer and water in the polymerization reaction or stirred under the temperature condition as described above, whereby the dispersibility is improved, the fibers are not aggregated, and a resin composition in which the cellulose fibers having a small average fiber diameter are well dispersed can be obtained. In addition, according to the above method, the average fiber diameter of the cellulose fibers contained in the resin composition after the completion of the polymerization reaction is smaller than the cellulose fibers added before the polymerization reaction.
Further, in the above method, since the process of drying the cellulose fibers is not required and the production can be performed without the process of scattering fine cellulose fibers, the resin composition can be obtained with good workability. In addition, since it is not necessary to replace water with an organic solvent in order to uniformly disperse the monomer and the cellulose fibers, the method is excellent in handling and can suppress discharge of chemical substances in the production process.
The flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention contains a phosphinic acid metal salt (C) as a flame retardant.
The content of the metal phosphinate (C) in the present invention is required to be 4.5 to 40 mass%, particularly 5 to 40 mass%. The content of the metal phosphinate (C) is preferably 8 to 40% by mass, more preferably 15 to 40% by mass, even more preferably 15 to 30% by mass, and most preferably 15 to 25% by mass, from the viewpoint of further improving mechanical properties, rigidity, flame retardancy, metal corrosion resistance, and/or appearance. If the content of the metal phosphinate (C) is less than 4.5 mass%, it is difficult to impart the desired flame retardancy to the resin composition. On the other hand, if the content of the metal phosphinate (C) exceeds 40 mass%, the resin composition has excellent flame retardancy, but the metal corrosion resistance is lowered, and melt kneading becomes difficult, and the mechanical properties of the obtained molded article are insufficient. The content of the metal phosphinate (C) is a value relative to the total amount of the flame-retardant resin composition containing the polyamide resin of the present invention. Specifically, the content of the metal phosphinate (C) is a value obtained when the total amount of the polyamide resin (a), the cellulose fiber (B), the metal phosphinate (C), and the reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fiber is 100 mass%.
Examples of the metal phosphinate (C) of the present invention include a metal phosphinate represented by the following general formula (I) and a metal diphosphinate represented by the following general formula (II). From the viewpoint of further improving mechanical properties, rigidity, flame retardancy, metal corrosion resistance and/or appearance, a phosphinic acid metal salt represented by the following general formula (I) is preferable.
In the formula, R1、R2、R4And R5The alkyl group or phenyl group having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, which is independently straight-chain or branched, is preferably an alkyl group or phenyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an isopropyl group, an n-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, an n-pentyl group, an n-octyl group, a phenyl group, and further preferably an ethyl group. From the viewpoint of further improving flame retardancy，R1、R2、R4And R5More preferably, each of the alkyl groups is independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 5 (particularly 1 to 3) carbon atoms. R1And R2And R4And R5Or may form a ring with each other.
R3The polymer is preferably a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, arylalkylene group or alkylarylene group. Examples of the linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include a methylene group, an ethylene group, an n-propylene group, an isopropylene group, an isopropylidene group, an n-butylene group, a tert-butylene group, an n-pentylene group, an n-octylene group, and an n-dodecylene group. Examples of the arylene group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include a phenylene group and a naphthylene group. Examples of the alkylarylene group include a methylphenylene group, an ethylphenylene group, a tert-butylphenylene group, a methylnaphthylene group, an ethylnaphthylene group, and a tert-butylnaphthylene group. Examples of the arylalkylene group include a phenylmethylene group, a phenylethylene group, a phenylpropylene group, and a phenylbutylene group.
M represents a metal ion. Examples of the metal ion include calcium ion, aluminum ion, magnesium ion, and zinc ion, preferably aluminum ion and zinc ion, and more preferably aluminum ion.
m and n represent the valence number of the metal ion. m is 2 or 3. a represents the number of metal ions, b represents the number of diphosphonate ions, and n, a, and b are integers satisfying the relational expression "2 × b ═ n × a".
The metal phosphinate of the general formula (I) and the metal diphosphinate of the general formula (II) can be produced in aqueous solution using the corresponding phosphinic acid, diphosphinic acid and metal carbonate, metal hydroxide or metal oxide, respectively. The metal phosphinate of the general formula (I) and the metal diphosphinate of the general formula (II) are usually present as monomers, but may be present as a polymerizable phosphinate having a condensation degree of 1 to 3 depending on the reaction conditions.
Specific examples of the phosphinate salt represented by the above general formula (I) include calcium dimethylphosphinate, magnesium dimethylphosphinate, aluminum dimethylphosphinate, zinc dimethylphosphinate, calcium ethylmethylphosphinate, magnesium ethylmethylphosphinate, aluminum ethylmethylphosphinate, zinc ethylmethylphosphinate, calcium diethylphosphinate, magnesium diethylphosphinate, aluminum diethylphosphinate, zinc diethylphosphinate, calcium methyl-n-propylphosphinate, magnesium methyl-n-propylphosphinate, aluminum methyl-n-propylphosphinate, zinc methyl-n-propylphosphinate, calcium methylphenylphosphinate, magnesium methylphenylphosphinate, aluminum methylphenylphosphinate, zinc methylphenylphosphinate, calcium diphenylphosphinate, magnesium diphenylphosphinate, aluminum diphenylphosphinate, and zinc diphenylphosphinate. Among these, aluminum diethylphosphinate and zinc diethylphosphinate are preferable, and aluminum diethylphosphinate is more preferable, from the viewpoint of excellent balance between flame retardancy and electrical characteristics.
Examples of diphosphinic acids used for producing diphosphinates include methanedi (methylphosphinic acid) and benzene-1, 4-di (methylphosphinic acid).
Specific examples of the diphosphinate salt represented by the above general formula (II) include, for example, calcium methanedi (methylphosphinic acid), magnesium methanedi (methylphosphinic acid), aluminum methanedi (methylphosphinic acid), zinc methanedi (methylphosphinic acid), calcium benzene-1, 4-di (methylphosphinic acid), magnesium benzene-1, 4-di (methylphosphinic acid), aluminum benzene-1, 4-di (methylphosphinic acid), and zinc benzene-1, 4-di (methylphosphinic acid). Among them, aluminum methane bis (methylphosphinate) and zinc methane bis (methylphosphinate) are preferable because they are excellent in the balance between flame retardancy and electrical characteristics.
Specific examples of the metal phosphinate (C) include "Exolit OP 1230", "Exolit OP 1240", "Exolit OP 1312", "Exolit OP 1314" and "Exolit OP 1400" manufactured by Clariant.
The flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention may contain no reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fibers, or may contain the reinforcing material (D).
Examples of the reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fibers include fibrous reinforcing materials. Examples of the fibrous reinforcing material include glass fibers, carbon fibers, boron fibers, asbestos fibers, polyvinyl alcohol fibers, polyester fibers, acrylic fibers, and aromatic polyimide fibersAmine fiber, polybenzoOxazole fiber, kenaf fiber, bamboo fiber, hemp fiber, bagasse fiber, high-strength polyethylene fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, potassium titanate fiber, brass fiber, stainless steel fiber, ceramic fiber, basalt fiber. Among them, glass fibers, carbon fibers, and aramid fibers are preferable from the viewpoint of having a high effect of improving mechanical properties, having heat resistance capable of withstanding the heating temperature at the time of melt-kneading with polyamide, and being easily available. Specific trade names of the glass fibers include, for example, "CS 3G 225S" manufactured by Nindon textile, and "T-781H" manufactured by Nippon Denko Co., Ltd, and specific trade names of the carbon fibers include, for example, "HTA-C6-NR" manufactured by Toho Tenax. The fibrous reinforcing materials may be used alone or in combination.
The fiber length and the fiber diameter of the fibrous reinforcing material are not particularly limited, but the fiber length is preferably 0.1 to 7mm, more preferably 0.5 to 6 mm. By setting the fiber length of the fibrous reinforcing material to 0.1 to 7mm, the resin composition can be reinforced without adversely affecting moldability. The fiber diameter is preferably 3 to 20 μm, and more preferably 5 to 13 μm. By setting the fiber diameter to 3 to 20 μm, the resin composition can be efficiently reinforced without being damaged during melt kneading. Examples of the cross-sectional shape include a circular shape, a rectangular shape, an elliptical shape, and other irregular cross-sections, and among them, a circular shape is preferable.
As the reinforcing material (D) other than cellulose, a needle-shaped reinforcing material or a plate-shaped reinforcing material may be used in addition to the fibrous reinforcing material. For example, needle-shaped reinforcing materials and/or plate-shaped reinforcing materials may be used instead of or in addition to the fibrous reinforcing materials. In particular, by using a fibrous reinforcing material in combination with a needle-shaped reinforcing material and/or a plate-shaped reinforcing material, the warpage of the molded article can be reduced, and the drip resistance in the flame-retardant test can be improved. Examples of the needle-like reinforcing material include wollastonite, potassium titanate whisker, zinc oxide whisker, magnesium sulfate whisker and the like. Examples of the plate-like reinforcing material include talc, mica, and glass flake.
From the viewpoint of further improving mechanical properties and rigidity, the flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention preferably contains a reinforcing material (D) other than cellulose, more preferably contains a fibrous reinforcing material and/or a plate-like reinforcing material, and further preferably contains a fibrous reinforcing material (particularly glass fiber).
In order to improve the metal corrosion resistance during processing, the content of the reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fibers in the resin composition needs to be 35% by mass or less (i.e., 0 to 35% by mass), and preferably 25% by mass or less. If the content of the reinforcing material (D) exceeds 35% by mass, there may be problems such as corrosion of metal parts such as a nozzle, a screw, and a cylinder of an extruder, corrosion of metal parts such as a nozzle, a screw, and a cylinder of an injection molding machine during molding, corrosion of a mold, and corrosion of a die for extrusion molding when the resin composition is produced by melt-kneading. Further, the appearance of the molded article may be problematic. From the viewpoint of further improving the mechanical properties and rigidity, the content of the reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fibers is preferably 1 mass% or more, more preferably 4 mass% or more, and still more preferably 10 mass% or more. In particular, when the flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention contains a plate-shaped reinforcing material, the content of the plate-shaped reinforcing material is preferably 10 to 33% by mass, and more preferably 20 to 33% by mass, from the viewpoint of further improving mechanical properties, rigidity, flame retardancy, and metal corrosion resistance. When the reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fibers contains 2 or more kinds of reinforcing materials, the total content thereof may be within the above range. The content of the reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fiber is a value relative to the total amount of the flame-retardant resin composition containing the polyamide resin of the present invention. Specifically, the content of the reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fibers is a value obtained when the total amount of the polyamide resin (a), the cellulose fibers (B), the metal phosphinate (C), and the reinforcing material (D) other than the cellulose fibers is 100 mass%.
The flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention may further contain a flame-retardant auxiliary. Examples of the flame retardant auxiliary include nitrogen-based flame retardants, nitrogen-phosphorus-based flame retardants, inorganic flame retardants, and hydrazine-based compounds.
Examples of the nitrogen-based flame retardant include melamine-based compounds, and salts of cyanuric acid or isocyanuric acid and melamine compounds. Specific examples of the melamine-based compound include melamine derivatives, compounds having a structure similar to melamine, and condensates of melamine, as typified by melamine, and specific examples thereof include melamine, ammelide, ammeline, formoguanamine, guanyl melamine, cyanomelamine, benzoguanamine, acetoguanamine, succinoguanamine, melam, melem, meldon (メトン), melamine compounds having a triazine skeleton such as melon, sulfates thereof, and melamine resins. Cyanuric acid or a salt of isocyanuric acid with a melamine compound refers to an equimolar reactant of cyanuric acids or isocyanuric acids with a melamine compound.
Examples of the nitrogen-phosphorus flame retardant include an adduct of melamine or a condensation product thereof and a phosphorus compound (melamine adduct) and a phosphazene compound.
Examples of the phosphorus compound constituting the melamine adduct include phosphoric acid, orthophosphoric acid, phosphonic acid, phosphinic acid, metaphosphoric acid, pyrophosphoric acid, triphosphoric acid, tetraphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, and the like. Specific examples of the melamine adduct include melamine phosphate, melamine pyrophosphate, di (melamine) pyrophosphate, melamine polyphosphate, melem polyphosphate and melam polyphosphate, and among them, melamine polyphosphate is preferable. The number of phosphorus is preferably 2 or more, more preferably 10 or more.
Specific examples of the phosphazene compound include "Rabbit FP-100" and "Rabbit FP-110" manufactured by Kokuku K.K., and "SPS-100" and "SPB-100" manufactured by Otsuka chemical Co.
Examples of the inorganic flame retardant include metal hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide; zinc borate; phosphates such as aluminum phosphate; phosphites such as aluminum phosphite; hypophosphites such as calcium hypophosphite; calcium aluminate, and the like. These inorganic flame retardants may be blended for the purpose of further improving flame retardancy and metal corrosion resistance.
The hydrazine-based compound is preferably a hydrazine-based compound having a hindered phenol structure, and specifically, a compound represented by the following formula (III) can be mentioned.
Specific examples of the hydrazine-based compound having a hindered phenol structure include "CDA-10" manufactured by ADEKA corporation and "IRGANOX MD 1024" manufactured by BASF corporation.
The flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention may further contain other additives such as stabilizers, colorants, antistatic agents, and carbonization inhibitors, if necessary. Examples of the colorant include pigments such as titanium oxide, zinc oxide, and carbon black, and dyes such as aniline black. Examples of the stabilizer include hindered phenol-based antioxidants, sulfur-based antioxidants, light stabilizers, heat stabilizers composed of copper compounds, heat stabilizers composed of alcohols, and the like. The carbonation inhibitor is an additive for improving tracking resistance (anti-tracking), and examples thereof include inorganic substances such as metal hydroxides and metal borate salts, and the above-mentioned heat stabilizer.
In the present invention, when cellulose fibers are dispersed or blended in advance in a polyamide resin as described above, the flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention can be produced by a method in which a raw material other than cellulose fibers is blended in a polyamide resin containing cellulose fibers after polymerization. In the present invention, the method of blending the raw materials other than the cellulose fibers to the polyamide resin containing the cellulose fibers after polymerization is not particularly limited, but a melt kneading method is preferable. Examples of the melt kneading method include a method using a batch kneader such as a brabender extruder, a banbury mixer, a henschel mixer, a screw rotor, a roll, a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder, and the like. The melt kneading temperature is selected from a region where the polyamide resin is melted and other components are not decomposed. If the melt kneading temperature is too high, not only the polyamide resin (A) and the cellulose fibers (B) are decomposed, but also the phosphinic acid metal salt (C) is decomposed, and therefore, it is preferable to set the melting point of the polyamide resin (A) to Tm-20 ℃ to Tm +50 ℃.
In the production of the flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention, the flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention may be processed into various shapes. Examples of the method for processing the flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention into various shapes include a method in which a molten mixture is extruded into a strand shape and formed into a pellet shape, a method in which a molten mixture is thermally cut and underwater cut to form a pellet shape, a method in which a molten mixture is extruded into a sheet shape and cut, and a method in which a molten mixture is extruded into a block shape and pulverized into a powder shape.
The flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention can be used for molding. Examples of the method for molding the flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention include injection molding, extrusion molding, blow molding and sintering molding, and injection molding is preferred from the viewpoint of a large effect of improving mechanical properties and moldability.
The injection molding machine is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a coaxial reciprocating screw injection molding machine and a ram injection molding machine. The polyamide resin composition heated and melted in the cylinder of the injection molding machine is measured for each shot, injected into a mold in a molten state, cooled to a predetermined shape, solidified, and then taken out of the mold as a molded article. The heater set temperature at the time of injection molding is preferably not lower than the melting point (Tm) of the polyamide resin (a), but molding is preferably performed at 300 ℃ or lower in order to suppress thermal decomposition of cellulose fibers and metal corrosion.
In the case of heating and melting the flame-retardant resin composition, it is preferable to use the flame-retardant resin composition pellets of the present invention which are sufficiently dried. When the water content of the flame-retardant resin composition particles is large, the flame-retardant resin composition particles may be foamed in a cylinder of an injection molding machine, and it may be difficult to obtain an optimum molded article. The water content of the flame-retardant resin composition particles for injection molding is preferably less than 0.3 part by mass, and more preferably less than 0.1 part by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the flame-retardant resin composition.
The flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention is excellent in mechanical properties, rigidity, flame retardancy and metal corrosion resistance, and has high fluidity, and therefore can be molded into various parts having excellent appearance characteristics.
Examples
The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto. The obtained resin composition was evaluated by the following method.
A. Evaluation method
(1) Average fiber diameter
A100 nm thick section was cut from the resin composition pellets obtained in examples/comparative examples using a freezing microtome, and the section was stained and observed using a transmission electron microscope (JEM-1230, manufactured by JEOL Ltd.). The length of the cellulose fiber (single fiber) in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction thereof was measured from the electron microscope image. In this case, the maximum length among the lengths in the vertical direction is defined as the fiber diameter. The fiber diameter of any 10 cellulose fibers (single fibers) was measured in the same manner, and the average of 10 fibers was calculated as the average fiber diameter.
The fibers having a large fiber diameter of the cellulose fibers were sliced to 10 μm with a slicer or observed with a solid microscope (SZ-40, manufactured by OLYMPUS corporation) while being kept, and the fiber diameters were measured from the obtained images in the same manner as described above to obtain the average fiber diameter.
(2) Flame retardancy
The resin compositions obtained in examples/comparative examples and sufficiently dried were molded into test pieces at a molding temperature of 280 ℃ and a mold temperature of 100 ℃ using an injection molding machine (. alpha. -100iA) manufactured by Sonaceae, and measured according to the evaluation standards of UL94 (specifications established by U.S. Under Writers Laboratories Inc.) in Table 1. The test pieces had thicknesses of 1.6mm and 0.8 mm. Here, V-1 or more is acceptable. In addition, the total after flame time at the time of flame retardancy measurement is also shown. For example, even if the flame retardant rating is V-0, the shorter the total after flame time, the more excellent the flame retardancy.
Comprehensive evaluation of flame retardance
Very good: the flame retardant rating is V-0 and the total afterflame time is less than 25 seconds;
o: the flame retardant rating is V-0 and the total afterflame time exceeds 25 seconds;
and (delta): flame retardant rating V-1 (practically no problem);
x: the flame retardant rating was V-2 (problematic in practice).
[ Table 1]
Evaluation of
V-0
V-1
V-2
After flame time of 1
Less than 10 seconds
Less than 30 seconds
Less than 30 seconds
Total after flame time of all 10 times for 5 test pieces
Less than 50 seconds
Less than 250 seconds
Less than 250 seconds
Cotton ignition caused by dripping or not
Is free of
Is free of
Is provided with
Burning of test specimens
Is free of
Is free of
Is free of
(3) Flexural Strength (mechanical Properties) and flexural modulus of elasticity (rigidity)
The resin compositions obtained in examples and comparative examples and sufficiently dried were injection-molded at a molding temperature of 260 ℃ and a mold temperature of 60 ℃ using an injection molding machine (NEX 110-12E, manufactured by Nichisu resin industries, Ltd.) to obtain a multipurpose test piece type A described in ISO standard 3167.
The flexural strength and flexural modulus of the multipurpose test piece obtained were measured by the 3-point support bending method according to ISO178 standard (distance between fulcrums: 64mm, test speed: 2 mm/min, test atmosphere: 23 ℃, 50% RH, absolute dry state).
Bending strength
Very good: bending strength is not less than 110 MPa;
o: the bending strength is more than or equal to 105MPa and less than 110 MPa;
and (delta): bending strength of 100MPa or more and less than 105MPa (practically, no problem exists);
x: bending strength < 100MPa (practically problematic).
Flexural modulus of elasticity
Very good: flexural modulus of elasticity of 4.0GPa or less;
o: the flexural modulus of elasticity is more than or equal to 3.5GPa and less than 4.0 GPa;
and (delta): 3.0 GPa-3.5 GPa (practical problem is not caused);
x: flexural modulus < 3.0GPa (practical problem).
(4) Resistance to metal corrosion
As shown in FIG. 1, a die (D) was attached to a biaxial kneading Extruder (EX) (PCM 30, manufactured by Poinbi corporation), Metal Plates (MP) (material SUS630, 20X 10mm, thickness 5mm, mass 7.8g) which are generally used as steel materials for extruders were attached to the upper and lower sides of a flow path (R) of molten resin, and a gap of 1mm was provided so that the molten resin was in contact with each other over a width of 10mm and a length of 20 mm. Under the conditions that the cylinder temperature of the extruder was 280 ℃ and the discharge rate was 7kg/h, 25kg in total of the resin compositions obtained in examples and comparative examples and sufficiently dried were extruded into the gap. After extrusion, the Metal Plate (MP) was removed and left in a 500 ℃ oven for 10 hours, the mass was measured after removal of the adhering resin, and the metal corrosion resistance was measured from the change in mass before and after extrusion. The smaller the weight change, the more excellent the metal corrosion resistance.
Rate of change of mass
Very good: the mass change rate is less than or equal to 0.06 percent;
o: the mass change rate is more than 0.06 percent and less than or equal to 0.10 percent;
and (delta): the mass change rate is more than 0.10 percent and less than or equal to 0.20 percent (no problem exists in practical use);
x: 0.20% < mass change rate (practically problematic).
(5) Appearance characteristics
The resin compositions obtained in examples/comparative examples and sufficiently dried were injection-molded at a molding temperature of 260 ℃ and a mold temperature of 60 ℃ using an injection molding machine (NEX 110-12E, manufactured by Nichisu resin industries, Ltd.) to form sheets of 50X 90X 2mm in thickness. The state of the surface was visually observed and judged by the following criteria. Although depending on the application, it is preferably O or more.
Very good: no swelling of the fibrous reinforcing material at all and no roughness (at best) at all on the surface;
o: one of the fiber-shaped reinforcing material has slight swelling and surface roughness, and the other is not present at all (good);
and (delta): there was slight swelling of the fibrous reinforcing material and slight roughness of the surface (no problem in practical use);
x: the swelling of the fibrous reinforcing material and/or the roughness of the surface are remarkable (practically problematic).
B. Raw materials
(1) Polyamide resin
PA 6: polyamide 6, A1030BRL available from Youngko K.K. (used as pellets P1).
PA 66: polyamide 66, A125 (used as pellets P2) available from Youngko K.K.
(2) Cellulose fiber
KY 100G: CELISH KY100G, manufactured by Daicel FineChem Ltd., contains 10 mass% of an aqueous dispersion of unmodified cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 125 nm.
KY 100S: CELISH KY100S, manufactured by Daicel FineChem Ltd., contains 25 mass% of an aqueous dispersion of unmodified cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 140 nm.
Bacterial cellulose (unmodified cellulose fibers):
50mL of a medium composed of 0.5 mass% glucose, 0.5 mass% polypeptone, 0.5 mass% yeast extract, and 0.1 mass% magnesium sulfate 7 hydrate was dispensed into a 200mL Erlenmeyer flask, and steam-sterilized at 120 ℃ for 20 minutes using an autoclave. It was inoculated with 1 platinum loop of Acetobacter xylinum (NBRC 16670) grown on a test tube slant agar medium and cultured by standing at 30 ℃ for 7 days. After 7 days, white bacterial cellulose in the form of gel film was formed in the upper layer of the culture solution.
The obtained bacterial cellulose was pulverized with a mixer, and then repeatedly soaked with water and washed to replace water, thereby preparing an aqueous dispersion containing 4.1 mass% of bacterial cellulose having an average fiber diameter of 60 nm.
Broken threads (unmodified cellulose fibers):
purified water was added to an aggregate of cellulose fibers produced as broken threads in a nonwoven fabric production process and the mixture was stirred with a stirrer to prepare an aqueous dispersion containing 6 mass% of unmodified cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 3240 nm.
TEMPO catalytic oxidation of cellulose (modified cellulose):
bleached unbleached kraft pulp (whiteness 85%) from conifers, 500g (absolute dry), was added to 500mL of an aqueous solution containing 780mg TEMPO and 75.5g sodium bromide dissolved therein, and the mixture was stirred until the pulp was uniformly dispersed. An aqueous sodium hypochlorite solution was added thereto so as to be 6.0mmol/g, whereby the oxidation reaction was started. During the reaction, the pH in the system was lowered, and therefore, a 3M aqueous sodium hydroxide solution was gradually added to adjust the pH to 10. Sodium hypochlorite was consumed and the reaction was terminated at the time when the pH in the system was not changed. The reacted mixture was filtered with a glass filter to separate pulp, and washed sufficiently with water to obtain oxidized pulp. The oxidized pulp obtained in the above step was adjusted to 1.0% (w/v) with water and treated 3 times with an ultrahigh pressure homogenizer (20 ℃ C., 150MPa) to prepare an aqueous dispersion containing 1.0 mass% of TEMPO-catalyzed oxidized cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 10 nm.
It is to be noted that by1H－NMR、13C-NMR, FT-IR, and neutralization titration were carried out to confirm that TEMPO-catalyzed oxidation of cellulose fibers resulted in partial substitution of hydroxyl groups derived from cellulose with carboxyl groups.
Ether-modified cellulose:
to 600g of bleached softwood kraft pulp (manufactured by prince paper corporation, solid content 25%) was added 19.94kg of water to prepare an aqueous suspension having a solid content concentration of 0.75 mass%. The slurry obtained was subjected to mechanical defibration treatment by a bead mill (NVM-2, product of IMEX Co., Ltd.) to obtain a cellulose fiber (zirconia beads having a diameter of 1mm, a bead filling amount of 70%, a rotation speed of 2000rpm, treatment times of 2 times). 100g of the obtained aqueous cellulose fiber dispersion was placed in each centrifugal separation tube, and centrifuged (7000rpm, 20 minutes), and the supernatant was removed to remove the precipitate. 100g of acetone was added to each centrifugal separation tube, and the mixture was sufficiently stirred to disperse the acetone in the tube, and then centrifuged to remove the supernatant, and the precipitate was taken out. The above operation was further repeated twice to obtain a cellulose fiber acetone slurry having a solid content of 5 mass%.
The obtained cellulose fiber acetone slurry was charged into a 4-neck 1L flask equipped with a stirring blade so that the solid content of the cellulose fibers was 5 g. 500mL of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and 250mL of toluene were added to the mixture, and the cellulose fibers were dispersed in NMP/toluene with stirring. A cooler was installed, and the dispersion was heated to 150 ℃ under a nitrogen atmosphere to distill off acetone, water and toluene contained in the dispersion together. Thereafter, the dispersion was cooled to 40 ℃, 15mL of pyridine and 25g of hexamethyldisilazane (silyl etherifying agent) were added thereto, and the mixture was reacted under a nitrogen atmosphere for 90 minutes to prepare an NMP dispersion of ether-modified cellulose fibers.
The obtained NMP dispersion of ether-modified cellulose fibers was subjected to water substitution by precipitating cellulose fibers with a centrifuge. This was repeated 3 times to prepare an aqueous dispersion containing 1.0 mass% of ether-modified cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of 100 nm.
It is to be noted that by1H－NMR、13It was confirmed by C-NMR and FT-IR that some of the hydroxyl groups derived from cellulose were substituted with hydrophobic silyl ether groups.
(3) Metal salt of phosphinic acid
Diethyl aluminum phosphinate (Exolit OP1230, Clariant corporation) (this compound is represented by the general formula (I) (wherein R is1＝R2Ethyl, M-3, and M-aluminum). )
(4) Reinforcing materials other than cellulose fibres
GF glass fiber, ECS 03T-262H manufactured by Nippon Denko K.K., average fiber diameter 10 μm
CF carbon fiber, HTA-C6-NR manufactured by Toho Tenax, having an average fiber diameter of 7 μm
TALC TALC (Microace K-1, manufactured by Nippon Talc Co., Ltd.) having an average particle diameter of 8 μm
Production example 1
As the aqueous dispersion of cellulose fibers, CELISH KY100G was used, and purified water was added thereto and stirred with a stirrer to prepare an aqueous dispersion having a cellulose fiber content of 3 mass%.
33.33 parts by mass of the aqueous dispersion of cellulose fibers and 99 parts by mass of epsilon-caprolactam were further stirred and mixed by a stirrer until a uniform dispersion was obtained. Subsequently, the mixed dispersion was charged into a polymerization apparatus, heated to 240 ℃ with stirring, gradually released with steam, and increased in pressure from 0MPa to 0.5 MPa. Then, the pressure was released to atmospheric pressure, and polymerization was carried out at 240 ℃ for 1 hour. At the end of the polymerization, the resin composition was taken out in the form of a strand and cut to obtain pellets of the resin composition in which the polyamide resin was blended with the cellulose fibers. The obtained pellets were treated with hot water at 95 ℃ and then refined and dried to obtain pellets a of a polyamide resin composition containing dried cellulose fibers.
Production examples 2 and 3
Pellets B and C of a polyamide resin composition containing dried cellulose fibers were obtained in the same manner as in production example 1, except that the blending amount of CELISH KY100G was changed so that the content of cellulose fibers became the value shown in table 2.
Production examples 4 to 8
Pellets D to H of a polyamide resin composition containing dried cellulose fibers were obtained in the same manner as in production example 1, except that the dispersion of cellulose fibers was changed as shown in table 2 and the blending amount of the dispersion of cellulose fibers was changed so that the content of cellulose fibers became the value shown in table 2.
Production example 9
167 parts by mass of the aqueous dispersion having a cellulose fiber content of 3% by mass obtained in production example 1 and 95 parts by mass of the polyamide 66 salt were stirred and mixed with a stirrer until a uniform solution was obtained. Subsequently, the mixed solution was heated at 230 ℃ with stirring until the internal pressure became 1.5 MPa. After reaching this pressure, water vapor was gradually released, and the pressure was maintained by continuing heating. When the temperature reached 280 ℃ the pressure was released to normal pressure, and polymerization was further carried out for 1 hour. At the end of the polymerization, the resin composition was taken out in the form of a strand and cut to obtain pellets of the resin composition in which the polyamide resin was blended with the cellulose fibers. The obtained pellets were treated with hot water at 95 ℃ and then refined and dried to obtain pellets I of a polyamide resin composition containing dried cellulose fibers.
Production examples 10 to 13
Pellets J to M of a polyamide resin composition containing cellulose fibers were obtained in the same manner as in production example 1, except that the blending amount of CELISH KY100G was changed so that the content of cellulose fibers became the value shown in table 2.
Production example 14
As the aqueous dispersion of cellulose fibers, CELISH KY100G was used, and purified water was added thereto and stirred with a stirrer to prepare an aqueous dispersion having a cellulose fiber content of 3 mass%.
This aqueous dispersion of cellulose fibers 1034 parts by mass and epsilon-caprolactam 69 parts by mass were further stirred and mixed by a stirrer until a uniform dispersion was obtained. Subsequently, the mixed dispersion was charged into a polymerization apparatus, heated to 240 ℃ with stirring, gradually released with steam, and increased in pressure from 0MPa to 0.5 MPa. Then, the pressure was released to atmospheric pressure, and polymerization was carried out at 240 ℃ for 1 hour. However, since the viscosity is too high, it is difficult to take out the polymer from the polymerization apparatus.
[ Table 2]
Example 1
80% by mass of the pellets B prepared in production example 2 and 20% by mass of the metal phosphinate were fed to a main hopper of a biaxial extruder (TEM 26SS, Toshiba mechanical Co., Ltd., screw diameter 26mm), and the mixture was melt-kneaded at 260 ℃ to obtain strands, which were taken out and cut to obtain pellets of a resin composition.
Example 2
75% by mass of pellets J and 20% by mass of a metal phosphinate were fed to a main hopper of a biaxial extruder (TEM 26SS, manufactured by Toshiba mechanical Co., Ltd., screw diameter 26mm), and melt-kneaded at 260 ℃ and 5% by mass of a reinforcing material other than cellulose was fed from a side feed port in the middle of the process, and the melt-kneaded products were taken out in the form of strands and cut to obtain pellets of a resin composition.
Examples 3, 5, 6 and 14 to 18 and comparative examples 1 to 5 and 11
Pellets of a resin composition were obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that the kinds and mixing ratios of the pellets, the metal phosphinate and the cellulose fibers were changed as shown in table 3 or 4.
Examples 4 and 7 to 13 and comparative examples 6, 8, 9 and 14
Pellets of a resin composition were obtained in the same manner as in example 2, except that the kinds and blending ratios of the pellets, the metal phosphinate, and the reinforcing materials other than cellulose were changed as shown in table 3 or 4.
Example 19 and comparative example 10
Pellets of a resin composition were obtained in the same manner as in example 1 except that the kinds of pellets and the metal phosphinate were changed as shown in Table 4 and the temperature was changed to 280 ℃.
Comparative example 7
The cellulose fiber dispersion KY110G was freeze-dried at-45 deg.C using Tokyo physicochemical apparatus FD550 as a shelf freeze-dryer, and pulverized with a pulverizer. Pellets of a resin composition were obtained in the same manner as in example 1, except that 4 mass% of the obtained cellulose fiber powder, 76 mass% of the pellets P1, and 20 mass% of the metal phosphinate were dry-blended and supplied to the main hopper of a twin-screw extruder to be melt-kneaded.
Comparative example 12
Melt kneading was carried out in the same manner as in example 2 except that the kinds and blending ratios of the particles, the metal phosphinate and the cellulose fibers were changed as shown in Table 4, but the blending ratio of the polyamide resin was too small, and therefore, it was difficult to take out the polyamide resin in strands, and it was not possible to select the particles of the resin composition.
Comparative example 13
Melt kneading was carried out in the same manner as in example 1 except that the blending ratio of the particles, the metal phosphinate and the cellulose fiber was changed as shown in Table 4, but the blending amount of the metal phosphinate was too large, so that strand withdrawal was difficult, and the particles of the resin composition could not be selected.
The compositions of the resin compositions and the various evaluation results in the examples and comparative examples are shown.
Examples 1 to 19 were excellent in mechanical properties, rigidity, appearance characteristics, flame retardancy and metal corrosion resistance.
Comparative examples 1 to 3 had low mechanical properties and low flame retardancy because they contained no cellulose fibers or too small an amount.
Comparative examples 4 and 5 contained no flame retardant (i.e., metal phosphinate), or contained too small an amount, and therefore had poor flame retardancy.
In comparative example 6, the content of the glass fiber was too large, and thus the metal corrosion resistance and the appearance characteristics were poor.
In comparative example 7, the cellulose fiber had an excessively large diameter, and thus the flame retardancy was poor.
Comparative examples 8, 9 and 10 had poor flame retardancy because they did not contain cellulose fibers.
In comparative example 11, the content of the polyamide resin was too large, and the flame retardancy was poor.
In comparative example 14, the flame retardancy was poor because the content of the flame retardant (i.e., the metal phosphinate) was too small.
For example, from comparison of example 1 with comparative examples 1, 4 and 14, it is understood that the flame retardancy is synergistically improved by the combination of cellulose fibers and a metal phosphinate.
Industrial applicability of the invention
The molded article obtained by using the flame-retardant resin composition of the present invention can be used as a molded article for a wide range of applications such as automobile parts, transportation machine parts such as airplane parts and railway vehicle parts, electric/electronic parts, sundries, civil engineering and construction products, and the like.
Examples of the automobile parts include a thermostat cover, an IGBT module member of an inverter, an insulator member, an exhaust gas dresser, a power equipment case, an ECU connector, an insulating material for a motor and a coil, and a covering material for a cable.
As aircraft parts and railway vehicle parts, various interior and exterior parts can be applied.
Examples of the electric and electronic components include connectors, LED reflectors, switches, sensors, sockets, capacitors, sockets, fuse holders, relays, coil bobbins, breakers, electromagnetic switches, holders, plugs, housing parts of electric appliances such as portable computers, and covers of resistors, ICs, and LEDs.
Description of the symbols
EX: double-shaft mixing extruder
D: die head
MP: metal plate
R: flow path