阅读说明：本技术 一种促进堆肥腐殖化的方法 (Method for promoting humification of compost ) 是由 张继宁 周胜 孙会峰 张鲜鲜 王从 于 2020-11-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种促进堆肥腐殖化的方法,包括以下步骤：在堆肥原料中加入玻璃轻石和生物质炭得到混合物后进行堆肥处理。所述混合物中玻璃轻石质量分数5-15％,生物质炭质量分数5-15％；所述堆肥原料为秸秆和猪粪。该方法促进堆肥的腐殖化,提升最终堆肥产品腐殖质的质量,对于改良土壤和提升土壤地力具有重要价值。(The invention discloses a method for promoting humification of compost, which comprises the following steps: adding glass pumice and biomass charcoal into the composting raw material to obtain a mixture, and then carrying out composting treatment. In the mixture, the mass fraction of the pumice is 5-15%, and the mass fraction of the biomass carbon is 5-15%; the compost raw materials are straws and pig manure. The method promotes humification of the compost, improves the quality of humus of the final compost product, and has important values for improving soil and improving soil fertility.)

1. A method for promoting humification of compost, comprising the steps of:

adding glass pumice and biomass charcoal into the composting raw material to obtain a mixture, and then carrying out composting treatment.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixture comprises 5-15% by weight of pumice and 5-15% by weight of biomass charcoal.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the initial water content of the mixture is 50-65%.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biomass charcoal is obtained by carbonizing raw material straw at 300-600 ℃.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the glass pumice has a particle size of 0.5-2 cm.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the composting materials are straw and pig manure.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the mass ratio of the straw to the pig manure is 1 (5-10).

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the straw length is 3-5 cm.

9. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the moisture content of the mixture is maintained between 50% and 65% during the composting process.

10. The method of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the aeration rate during composting is 0.01 to 0.05m³·(h·kg)^-1And ventilating for 14-21d, and turning the pile for 1 time every 7d, wherein the period is 21-63 d.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of compost humification, in particular to a method for promoting compost humification.

Background

Crop straws and livestock and poultry manure are main agricultural wastes in China, and are high-quality renewable biological resources. The compost is an important product for recycling agricultural wastes. The solid waste after composting can achieve the purposes of reduction, harmlessness and stabilization, and the available nutrients in the solid waste are more beneficial to the absorption of crops, improve the quality of the crops and become high-quality organic fertilizers. The compost can improve the soil fertility, and mainly increases soil organic matters after being applied into the soil, the organic matters are mineralized and humified to form humic acid, and the humic acid can promote the increase of soil granular structure, the reduction of soil volume weight and the increase of porosity. However, the problems of low humification degree of compost, carbon-nitrogen conversion loss and the like are not well solved by the current composting process.

The addition of additives to the compost can improve the composting process. Common mineral additives in compost include zeolite, sepiolite, struvite, and the like. Although they have porosity, high specific area and adsorption characteristics which allow an effective regulation of the compost porosity and an improvement of the aeration during the composting process, the drawback of such additives is that only a rapid acceleration of the degradation of the compost material is aimed at, whereas the humification is a key step of the compost improvement technique. Therefore, the humification of the compost is promoted, the quality of the humus of the final compost product is improved, and the method has important values for improving the soil and improving the soil fertility.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for promoting humification of compost, which is used for improving the quality of humus of a final compost product, improving soil and improving soil fertility.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a method of promoting humification of compost, comprising the steps of:

adding glass pumice and biomass charcoal into the composting raw material to obtain a mixture, and then carrying out composting treatment.

Preferably, the mixture comprises 5-15% of the pumice and 5-15% of the biomass carbon by weight.

Preferably, the initial water content of the mixture is 50-65%.

Preferably, the biomass charcoal is obtained by carbonizing raw material straws at the temperature of 300-600 ℃.

Preferably, the biomass charcoal is obtained by carbonizing raw material straws at 500 ℃.

Preferably, the glass pumice is flaky and has a particle size of 0.5-2 cm.

Preferably, the compost raw materials are straws and pig manure.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the straw to the pig manure is 1 (5-10).

Preferably, the length of the straw is 3-5 cm.

Preferably, the water content of the mixture is maintained between 50 and 65 percent during the composting process.

Preferably, the aeration rate in the composting process is 0.01-0.05m³·(h·kg)^-1And ventilating for 14-21d, and turning the pile for 1 time every 7d, wherein the period is 21-63 d.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the humic substances generated in the composting process mainly contain humic acid and fulvic acid, and the used biomass charcoal also contains more humic acid-like substances and fulvic acid-like substances, so that the content of humic acid and fulvic acid in the humic substances can be further enhanced; and functional groups such as carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl and the like contained on the surface of the biomass charcoal can be chemically combined with groups on the humus monomer. Therefore, the biomass charcoal has an obvious effect of promoting the generation of humus. Meanwhile, the biomass charcoal consists of stable carbon, easily decomposed carbon and ash, and mineral elements such as potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and the like contained in the biomass charcoal can be released into soil as nutrient sources to be absorbed and utilized by crops, and the nutrient element circulation in the soil can also be regulated and controlled through adsorption-analysis.

(2) The glass pumice used in the invention is a pure inorganic substance, is sterile and non-toxic and harmless through high-temperature roasting, has no radioactivity, and has the characteristics of insolubility, no degradation, long service life and high stability. The interior of the compost contains dense bubbles and micropores, the weight is light, the surface area is large, and the mineralization of compost organic materials can be obviously promoted.

(3) According to the invention, the biomass carbon and the glass pumice are mixed and used in the compost, and the mineralization promoting effects such as ventilation and the like mainly provided by the glass pumice and the decay promoting effects mainly provided by the biomass carbon are combined, so that beneficial microorganisms are increased in the composting process, and the humus quality of the compost product is finally improved. And the compost product has the functions of improving soil and improving soil fertility, so that the compost product can play more effective value in the improved soil.

(4) Because the pig manure is high in compactness, high in nitrogen content and difficult to humify, the invention adopts the straws as the filler and the straws of 3-5cm as the support, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio of compost materials can be adjusted, and the gaps among the pig manure can be enlarged, thereby the biomass charcoal and the glass pumice can better play a role, and the problem that the pig manure is difficult to degrade can not be caused.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The specification and examples are exemplary only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

The raw materials used in the following experiments of the invention are selected from:

1. pig manure and straw: taking pig farms and farmlands from farm test stations of agricultural academy of sciences of Shanghai city; the water content of the pig manure is 70-85%, and the using amount of the straw is 1/5 of the using amount of the pig manure with the water content of 5-10%.

2. And (3) sealing the carbonization furnace: ECO-5000, environmental protection technology development ltd, Wu Jiang province;

3. glass pumice: is purchased from Jiangsu Jingruit Co, Ltd, and has a flake shape and a particle size of 0.5-2 cm.

4. The biomass charcoal is obtained by cutting straws into segments of 18-20 cm, bundling the segments, putting the segments into a closed carbonization furnace in a banker's test station, and carbonizing the segments at the carbonization temperature of 300-600 ℃.

Examples 1 to 8

Taking straws and pig manure as composting raw materials, adding biomass charcoal and glass pumice according to the weight ratio shown in table 1, carrying out composting experiments in a heat-insulating box type reactor made of foam, wherein the effective volume of the reactor is 12.0L, and an organic glass ventilation pipe is arranged at the bottom of the reactor to enable airflow to pass through a pile body. Ventilating the stack body by using a vacuum pump with a timer control, wherein the ventilation rate is controlled by a glass rotor gas flowmeter and is set as 0.03m³·(h·kg)^-1(wet basis of material), aeration 21d, total test period 42 d.

8 experiments were set, each having a number of B5G5, B5G10, B7G10, B5G15, B10G10, B15G5, B15G10, and B15G15, as examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8, and a control group (No. CK) was prepared without adding biochar and pumice.

TABLE 1

	Numbering	Biomass charcoal	Glass pumice
				Example 1	B5G5	5％	5％
Example 2	B5G10	5％	10％
				Example 3	B7G10	7％	10％
Example 4	B5G15	5％	15％
				Example 5	B10G10	10％	10％
Example 6	B15G5	15％	5％
				Example 7	B15G10	15％	10％
Example 8	B15G15	15％	15％

Fully and uniformly mixing the composting raw materials, adding water to adjust the water content of the mixed materials to 65%, mixing in a manual pile turning mode, turning the piles for 1 time every 7 days, adding water to enable the water content of the materials to be 50%, and finishing composting after 42 days.

The experimental results are as follows:

the compost products obtained from examples 1-8 and the control group were analyzed.

1. The results of the cellulose content (mg/g) measurements (see Table 2) show that the cellulose content of the initial compost material was 160mg/g, and that the cellulose content of the composted products of the control without the composite material was reduced by 62.0%, whereas the cellulose content of examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 was reduced by 69.1%, 69.4%, 71.4%, 74.1%, 74.4%, 75.3%, 75.6% and 76.6%, respectively.

TABLE 2

Treatment of	7d	14d	21d	28d	35d	42d
							CK	128.6	97.1	86.1	75.0	67.5	60.0
Example 1	118.6	77.2	62.1	54.3	51.9	49.5
							Example 2	110.3	68.6	58.6	50.5	48.6	49.0
Example 3	108.5	63.2	53.5	49.7	46.7	45.7
							Example 4	109.6	59.1	54.2	49.2	44.9	41.5
Example 5	110.3	60.5	55.3	50.7	46.0	41.0
							Example 6	108.1	55.6	49.9	46.8	43.1	39.5
Example 7	104.2	48.1	45.6	42.3	41.6	39.0
							Example 8	102.5	45.0	42.9	40.8	38.6	37.5

2. The results of the hemicellulose content (mg/g) measurements (see table 3) show that the cellulose content of the initial compost material was 205.0mg/g, and that the hemicellulose content of the composted products of the control group without the added composite material was reduced by 63.4%, while the cellulose content of examples 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 was reduced by 70.7%, 72.3%, 76.2%, 77.1%, 78.3%, 78.9%, 80.0% and 81.2%, respectively.

TABLE 3

Treatment of	7d	14d	21d	28d	35d	42d
							CK	160.5	116.0	97.6	79.2	77.1	75.0
Example 1	150.2	100.6	82.5	64.3	62.2	60.0
							Example 2	145.7	98.7	79.4	61.2	59.8	56.7
Example 3	141.0	92.1	76.4	60.5	55.6	48.7
							Example 4	138.9	90.8	74.1	58.8	52.8	46.9
Example 5	135.7	86.5	72.3	57.3	52.1	44.5
							Example 6	130.4	79.8	68.5	55.2	49.8	43.2
Example 7	125.8	75.1	63.4	53.1	46.7	41.0
							Example 8	120.3	70.0	60.2	50.3	44.4	38.5

3. The results of VS (%) measurements on the initial compost material (as in table 4) showed 80.9% VS, a 19.9% decrease in VS in the composted products of the control without added composite material, and 28.8%, 32.9%, 38.2%, 40.0%, 41.4%, 44.6%, 47.5% and 50.6% decreases in cellulose content in example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4, example 5, example 6, example 7 and example 8, respectively.

TABLE 4

Treatment of	7d	14d	21d	28d	35d	42d
							CK	75.8	71.7	68.9	66.3	65.5	64.8
Example 1	72.3	66.0	63.2	62.1	60.7	57.6
							Example 2	69.9	63.1	59.0	59.7	55.7	54.3
Example 3	65.5	61.6	55.5	54.6	54.3	50.0
							Example 4	61.2	58.6	53.3	50.3	50.8	48.5
Example 5	60.3	56.5	52.1	49.6	49.8	47.4
							Example 6	59.6	55.3	50.0	48.4	47.6	44.8
Example 7	58.5	54.1	49.8	46.2	46.3	42.5
							Example 8	57.0	52.1	48.1	45.0	44.4	40.0

4. For SUVA₂₅₄The results of the measurement of the/DOC showed (as in Table 5), the SUVA of the initial compost material₂₅₄(DOC of 0.007), SUVA in composted products of control group without composite added₂₅₄the/DOC increased by 8.7 times, while the SUVA in example 1, example 2, example 3, example 4, example 5, example 6, example 7 and example 8₂₅₄the/DOC was increased by 9.4 times, 9.9 times, 10.1 times, 10.3 times, 10.7 times, 10.9 times, 11.1 times and 11.6 times, respectively.

TABLE 5

5. The changes to the EC, fast-acting potassium and fast-acting phosphorus content in the compost products are shown in table 6.

TABLE 6

As can be seen from Table 6, the EC, the available potassium and the available phosphorus in examples 1 to 8 were increased by 0.1 to 25.0%, 12.4 to 33.0% and 2.8 to 20.7%, respectively, compared to the control group, indicating an increase in the nutrient content in the compost.

The analysis finds that the compost product treated by adding the composite material of the biomass charcoal and the glass pumice in the compost raw material has more cellulose, hemicellulose and VS reduction than a control group without adding the composite material, and the SUVA₂₅₄The contents of the/DOC, the EC, the quick-acting potassium and the quick-acting phosphorus are obviously increased compared with the content of a control group, which shows that the generation of humus in the composting process is really promoted and the composting quality is improved after the biomass carbon and glass pumice composite material is added into the composting raw materials.

6. The compost product was mixed into facility vegetable field soil (0-20cm soil), scattered lettuce was planted and cultivated for 45 days, and the vegetable yield and soil samples obtained in examples 1-8 and the control group were analyzed as shown in table 7.

TABLE 7

Comparative example 1

The difference from example 1 is that no glass pumice is added.

The results show that: the glass pumice has large specific surface area and high porosity, does not have the effect of the glass pumice, weakens the mineralization effect in the early period of composting, and reduces the cellulose content, the hemicellulose content and the VS reduction range of the composting by 12.6 to 21.8 percent, 14.8 to 23 percent and 9.8 to 15.6 percent respectively.

Comparative example 2

The difference from example 1 is that no biomass charcoal was added.

The results show that: the biomass charcoal contains humic acid-like and fulvic acid-like substances, and the addition of the biomass charcoal is avoided, so that the humification in the later period of composting is weakened, and the contents of EC, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium in the composting product are influenced. SUVA in composting₂₅₄The contents of the/DOC, the EC, the quick-acting potassium and the quick-acting phosphorus are respectively reduced by 6.6 to 10.4 percent, 3.6 to 0.6 percent, 9.8 to 27.6 percent and 11.0 to 15.5 percent.

Comparative example 3

The difference from example 1 is that no straw was added.

The results show that: the straw support is not provided, the pores of organic materials in the compost are reduced, the degradation of pig manure is not facilitated, and the VS degradation amplitude in the compost is reduced by 7.8-15.8%.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.