阅读说明：本技术 一种菊花链的电子雷管 (Daisy chain electronic detonator ) 是由 陈默 于 2019-09-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了民用爆破设备设计与控制技术领域中的一种菊花链的电子雷管及基于这种电子雷管的起爆系统、故障定位方法。该电子雷管,包括基础雷管,点火头,电子雷管控制器,雷管脚线、地表线、上游连接件和下游连接件,其中电子雷管控制器包括总线控制电路,在收到识别指令后,检查是否存在已注册标志,若不存在已注册标志时,向控制设备发送应答信号,通过总线控制电路断开下游信号的电源通路；在接收到设置指令后,通过总线控制电路打开下游信号的电源通路,将下游电子雷管并联在总线上,标记已注册标志。本发明解决了现有电子雷管注册复杂,返场故障排查时间长,施工效率低,以及影响生产的其他问题,从而提高了电子雷管施工效率和施工质量。(The invention discloses a daisy-chain electronic detonator, a detonation system based on the daisy-chain electronic detonator and a fault positioning method, and belongs to the technical field of civil blasting equipment design and control. The electronic detonator comprises a basic detonator, an ignition head, an electronic detonator controller, a detonator leg wire, a ground surface wire, an upstream connecting piece and a downstream connecting piece, wherein the electronic detonator controller comprises a bus control circuit, checks whether a registered mark exists or not after receiving an identification instruction, and sends a response signal to control equipment and disconnects a power supply path of the downstream signal through the bus control circuit if the registered mark does not exist; after receiving the setting instruction, the power supply path of the downstream signal is opened through the bus control circuit, the downstream electronic detonator is connected in parallel on the bus, and the registered mark is marked. The invention solves the problems of complex registration, long return fault troubleshooting time, low construction efficiency and influence on production of the conventional electronic detonator, thereby improving the construction efficiency and the construction quality of the electronic detonator.)

1. A daisy chain electronic detonator comprises a base detonator, an ignition head, an electronic detonator controller, a first electric wire, a second electric wire, an upstream connecting piece and a downstream connecting piece; it is characterized in that the utility model is characterized in that,

connecting the electronic detonator controller and the upstream connecting member by the first electric wire;

connecting the upstream connector and the downstream connector by the second electric wire;

the upstream connecting piece is used for being connected to a bus or an upstream electronic detonator;

the downstream connecting piece is used for connecting to a downstream electronic detonator or emptying;

the upstream electronic detonator is another electronic detonator close to the bus in the daisy chain;

the downstream electronic detonator is another electronic detonator far away from the bus in the daisy chain;

the first port of the upstream connecting piece is connected with the first port of the electronic detonator controller and the first port of the downstream connecting piece;

the second port of the upstream connecting piece is connected with the second port of the electronic detonator controller;

the second port of the downstream connector is connected to the third port of the electronic detonator controller;

the bus control circuit of the electronic detonator controller is connected in series between the second port of the electronic detonator controller and the third port of the electronic detonator controller;

the downstream connecting piece of the upstream electronic detonator is inserted into the upstream connecting piece of the downstream electronic detonator;

the first port of the downstream connecting piece of the upstream electronic detonator is connected with the first port of the upstream connecting piece of the downstream electronic detonator;

and the second port of the downstream connecting piece of the upstream electronic detonator is connected with the second port of the upstream connecting piece of the downstream electronic detonator.

2. Electronic detonator as claimed in claim 1,

and the electronic detonator controller is used for connecting/cutting off a power supply passage of the downstream electronic detonator after receiving at least one of an identification instruction, a setting instruction and a reset instruction on the bus.

3. Electronic detonator as claimed in claim 2,

when the electronic detonator is powered on and reset, all marks of the electronic detonator are cleared;

after receiving the identification instruction on the bus, the electronic detonator checks whether a registered mark exists, and if the registered mark does not exist, the electronic detonator sends a response signal to cut off a power supply path of the downstream electronic detonator;

and after receiving the setting instruction on the bus, the electronic detonator is communicated with a power supply passage of the downstream electronic detonator to mark the registered mark of the electronic detonator.

4. Electronic detonator as claimed in claim 2,

after the electronic detonator receives the reset instruction on the bus, the power supply path of the downstream electronic detonator is cut off, and all marks of the electronic detonator are cleared;

after receiving the identification instruction on the bus, the electronic detonator checks whether a registered mark exists, and if the registered mark does not exist, the electronic detonator sends a response signal containing the ID code of the electronic detonator and cuts off the power supply path of the downstream electronic detonator;

after the electronic detonator receives the setting instruction on the bus, comparing whether the password corresponding to the ID code of the electronic detonator/the ID code of the electronic detonator contained in the setting instruction is consistent with the ID code/password of the electronic detonator,

and if the signals are consistent, sending a response signal, communicating a power supply path of the downstream electronic detonator, and marking the registered mark of the electronic detonator.

5. Electronic detonator as claimed in claim 1,

the bus control circuit is used for controlling connection/disconnection of a power supply passage of the downstream electronic detonator.

6. Electronic detonator as claimed in claim 5,

the bus control circuit includes at least: a first NMOS tube, wherein the source electrode of the first NMOS tube is connected to the second port of the electronic detonator controller; the drain electrode of the first NMOS tube is connected to a third port of the electronic detonator controller; and the singlechip of the electronic detonator controller is connected with the grid of the first NMOS tube.

7. Electronic detonator as claimed in claim 1,

the bus control circuit is used for connecting the ignition head to the bus in series.

8. Electronic detonator as claimed in claim 7,

the bus control circuit includes at least: a source electrode of the first NMOS tube is connected to a second port of the electronic detonator controller through a fuse of an input protection module of the electronic detonator controller; the drain electrode of the first NMOS tube is connected to one end of the ignition head, and the other end of the ignition head is connected to a third port of the electronic detonator controller; and the singlechip of the electronic detonator controller is connected with the grid of the first NMOS tube.

9. The electronic detonator of claim 8 wherein the electronic detonator controller further comprises a TVS diode, wherein the positive electrode of the TVS diode is connected to the drain of the first NMOS transistor, and the negative electrode of the TVS diode is connected to the third port of the electronic detonator controller.

10. The electronic detonator of claim 1 wherein the firing head employs a bridge film resistor; the medicament of the ignition head adopts trinitro-m-phenyl-diphen-lead.

11. The electronic detonator of claim 1 further comprising a delay charge of a millisecond delay detonator.

12. An electronic detonator system comprising a control device, a bus, and at least one electronic detonator as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein:

the upstream connecting piece of a first electronic detonator in the at least one electronic detonator is connected with the control equipment through the bus; the downstream connecting piece of the first electronic detonator is connected with the upstream connecting piece of the downstream electronic detonator;

all the at least one electronic detonator are connected in sequence;

wherein the first electronic detonator is the electronic detonator closest to the bus in the at least one electronic detonator;

the control equipment sends at least one of an identification instruction, a setting instruction and a detonation instruction to the bus, and is used for detonating the at least one electronic detonator;

the identification instruction is used for sequentially obtaining the ID codes of the at least one electronic detonator;

the setting instruction is used for sequentially connecting the at least one electronic detonator in parallel to the bus;

the detonation instruction is used for starting a delay timing circuit of the at least one electronic detonator;

the control equipment comprises at least one of an initiator, a network device and a splitter or a combination of the initiator, the network device and the splitter.

13. The electronic detonator system of claim 12 wherein the control device further comprises a polarity automatic reversal circuit for determining whether the bus is connected with the control device with reversed polarity and automatically completing reversal of the output polarity of the control device.

14. An electronic detonator system comprising a control device, a bus, and at least one electronic detonator as claimed in any one of claims 1 and 7-11, wherein:

the upstream connection of a first electronic detonator in the at least one electronic detonator and the downstream connection of a last electronic detonator in the at least one electronic detonator are connected to the control device via the bus; the downstream connecting piece of the first electronic detonator is connected with the upstream connecting piece of the downstream electronic detonator;

all the at least one electronic detonator are connected in sequence;

the first electronic detonator is the electronic detonator closest to the bus in the at least one electronic detonator, and the last electronic detonator is the electronic detonator farthest from the bus in the at least one electronic detonator;

the control equipment sends a detonation instruction to the bus for generating an ignition loop;

the detonation instruction is used for serially connecting the ignition head of the at least one electronic detonator to the firing circuit;

the control device releases at least 1 ampere of current to the ignition loop, and ignites all ignition heads in the ignition loop so as to detonate the at least one electronic detonator.

15. The electronic detonator system of claim 14, the control device comprising:

the device comprises an intrinsic safety control circuit, a millisecond switch and a high-voltage charge-discharge module; it is characterized in that the utility model is characterized in that,

the bus is connected to the millisecond switch;

the intrinsically safe control circuit is connected to the millisecond switch;

the millisecond switch is also connected with the high-voltage charge-discharge module and is used for forming a charge circuit, an ignition control circuit and a discharge circuit;

the charging loop is used for charging the high-voltage capacitor;

the ignition control loop is used for releasing the electric energy stored in the high-voltage capacitor to the ignition loop;

the discharge loop is used for quickly releasing residual charges of the high-voltage capacitor;

the millisecond switch is used for switching the intrinsic safety control circuit, the charging loop, the ignition control loop and the discharging loop.

16. The electronic detonator system of claim 15 wherein the intrinsically safe control circuit further comprises:

the device comprises a control module, a modulation and demodulation module, a high-voltage setting module, a full-resistance detection module and a battery;

the modulation and demodulation module is connected to the millisecond switch and used for sending instructions to the bus and extracting response signals in the bus;

the full-resistance detection module is connected in series in the ignition loop and is used for detecting the full resistance of the ignition loop;

the high-voltage setting module controls the work of the high-voltage charge-discharge module and is used for generating the voltage of a high-voltage capacitor related to the full resistor of the ignition loop;

the control module is respectively connected with the modulation and demodulation module, the high-voltage setting module and the firing loop full-resistance detection module.

17. The electronic detonator system of claim 16 wherein the high voltage setting module further comprises: electronic switches, signal amplifiers;

the input of the signal amplifier is connected with the output of the optical coupler of the high-voltage charge-discharge module;

the output of the signal amplifier is connected with the control module, and the control module acquires a high-voltage signal;

the control module controls the on-off of the electronic switch;

the input of the electronic switch is connected to the battery;

and the output of the electronic switch is connected to the power input of the high-voltage charge-discharge module.

18. The electronic detonator system of claim 14 wherein the control device comprises: a decoder and an adapter, wherein,

the bus is connected to the anode of the electric detonator interface of the decoder, the cathode of the electric detonator interface of the decoder and the anode of the output port of the adapter, and the cathode of the output port of the adapter is connected with the cathode of the electric detonator interface of the decoder;

the adapter is used for generating the ignition circuit;

the decoder is used for measuring the full resistance of the firing circuit and releasing detonation electric energy to the firing circuit.

19. A daisy chain electronic detonator fault locating method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

after the electronic detonators are sequentially connected according to the arrangement sequence, connecting the first electronic detonators to the control equipment through the bus to form a link;

if the bus current reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value, the bus is indicated to have a short-circuit fault or a first electric wire of the first electronic detonator has a short-circuit fault, the first electronic detonator is taken down from the link, and the daisy chain electronic detonator detection process is executed;

otherwise, executing the daisy chain electronic detonator automatic registration process until the automatic registration process is finished;

if the first electronic detonator cannot be identified, the bus has an open circuit fault or the first electronic detonator has a fault, the first electronic detonator is taken down from the link, and the detection process is executed;

if the number of the registered electronic detonators is N and N is less than the total number of the electronic detonators in the link, the Nth electronic detonator or the (N + 1) th electronic detonator is judged to have a fault, the Nth electronic detonator and the (N + 1) th electronic detonator are taken down from the link, and the detection process is executed;

if the bus current reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value, the fact that a short circuit exists in a leg wire of the last electronic detonator or an earth surface wire of the last electronic detonator is shown, the last electronic detonator is taken down from the link, and a daisy chain electronic detonator detection process is executed;

otherwise, all the electronic detonators in the link are normal, and the fault locating process is finished.

20. The daisy-chain electronic detonator failure localization method of claim 19 wherein,

the automatic registration process further comprises:

the control equipment sends a reset instruction;

the control equipment periodically sends an identification instruction;

sending a response signal by the unregistered electronic detonator, and cutting off a power supply path of the downstream electronic detonator;

if the control equipment can not obtain a response signal within the preset time, the automatic registration process is ended;

the control equipment extracts the ID code of the electronic detonator in the response signal and sends a setting instruction containing the ID code of the electronic detonator/a password corresponding to the ID code of the electronic detonator;

when the electronic detonator containing the ID code of the electronic detonator/the password corresponding to the ID code of the electronic detonator receives a setting instruction, the electronic detonator marks the registration mark and is communicated with a power supply passage of the downstream electronic detonator;

if the bus current reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value, the automatic registration process is ended;

and repeating the steps until all the electronic detonators are registered.

21. The daisy-chain electronic detonator failure localization method of claim 19 wherein,

the detection process further comprises:

respectively connecting an upstream connecting piece and a downstream connecting piece of the electronic detonator to a detector;

if the output current of the detector reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value, indicating that a first conductor and a second conductor of a first electric wire of the electronic detonator have a short-circuit fault;

if the second port of the downstream connecting piece of the electronic detonator is at a low level, the second conductor and the third conductor of the first electric wire of the electronic detonator are indicated to have a short-circuit fault;

performing a single daisy-chain electronic detonator registration process;

if the electronic detonator cannot be identified, indicating that the first electric wire of the electronic detonator has an open circuit fault;

after the registration process is finished, if the output current of the detector reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value, indicating that a first conductor and a second conductor of a second electric wire of the electronic detonator have a short-circuit fault;

if the second port of the downstream connecting piece of the electronic detonator is in a high level, the second port indicates that at least one open circuit fault exists in the second conductor of the second electric wire of the electronic detonator and the third conductor of the first electric wire of the electronic detonator;

and after the detection process is finished, if the faults do not exist, the electrical property of the electronic detonator is normal.

22. The daisy-chain electronic detonator failure localization method of claim 21 wherein,

the single daisy-chained electronic detonator registration process further comprises:

the detector sends a reset instruction;

the detector sends an identification instruction;

the electronic detonator sends a response signal;

if the detector can not obtain the response signal within the preset time, the registration process is ended;

otherwise, the detector sends a setting instruction;

when the electronic detonator receives the setting instruction, the bus control circuit of the electronic detonator is conducted;

the registration process ends.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of civil blasting equipment design, and particularly relates to a daisy chain electronic detonator, and a detonation system, a registration method, a detection method and a fault positioning method based on the daisy chain electronic detonator.

Background

The existing electronic detonator is arranged in a mode that firstly, the delay of the blast holes of a construction site is determined, then the electronic detonators are placed into the blast holes one by one, then the electronic detonators are connected into a blasting branch circuit, and meanwhile, the identity information and the blast hole information of the determined electronic detonators are input into a blasting machine. The detonator corresponds the identity information of the electronic detonator with the blast holes, determines the delay of the electronic detonator according to the pre-designed blast holes and a delay comparison table, and transmits the delay to each electronic detonator.

The construction process is too complicated, and errors are easy to occur when the number of the electronic detonators is large. Therefore, a simple, efficient and safe electronic detonator setting method is needed to be designed to overcome the defects in the existing electronic detonator laying process.

Patent WO2017031606 discloses a method for setting an electronic detonator in a blasting construction site, which is simple, efficient and safe to arrange, and an electronic detonator connecting member. Although the problem of rapid registration is solved, there is a certain risk in connection because the electronic detonator in this manner must be operated with electricity.

Patent CN110044224A discloses an electronic detonator without firing capacitor, which realizes the intrinsic safety of the electronic detonator, the energy ignited by an ignition head of the electronic detonator comes from an initiator, once the initiator cuts off the electrical connection with a blasting bus, the electronic detonator in the network does not have the possibility of secondary initiation at all, thereby realizing the intrinsic safety of the electronic detonator, thoroughly avoiding the risk of delayed initiation of the traditional electronic detonator, and particularly avoiding the hidden trouble of producing malignant safety production accidents in the application scene of gas outburst. And because of adopting the constant current ignition mode, the defect that the misfire rate of the common electronic detonator is higher due to the overlarge blasting vibration under the small-hole distance and hole network parameters is overcome.

Patent CN110044224A describes the fact that the electronic detonator needs two-way communication, and the use of all serial communication means makes the output voltage of the initiator very high and it is difficult to extract the response signal of the electronic detonator, and the use of the electronic detonator in pure serial connection has poor reliability in practice.

The electronic detonator disclosed in patent CN110044224A has the defects of small networking scale and high requirement on resistance of leg wires and blasting buses. In order to meet the mandatory requirement that the firing time of the detonator is less than 4ms, the number of the detonating detonators in unit time (100us) needs to be increased, which means that the firing current is multiplied, the requirement on the wire diameter of the blasting bus is increased, and the cost is obviously improved. Finally, because all the firing resistors are connected in parallel, the bus current per unit time is reduced only by time sharing, which significantly limits the expansion of networking scale, and brings unreliable factors, which may result in the increase of misfire rate.

An adapter compatible with an electronic detonator, an exploration electronic detonator initiation system and an initiation method are disclosed in patent CN104764371B, wherein the adapter realizes bridging of an electric detonator initiation device and an electronic detonator network in a mode of simulating resistance, and initiation of the electronic detonator in a seismic exploration initiation system is realized. The method has the problems that the detonation of the electronic detonator is to send the detonation signal after the detonation current signal sent by the decoder is analyzed by the adapter, so that fixed delay time exists between the real detonation moment of the electronic detonator and the TB signal of the decoder, the synchronization of wellhead time and a vibration detection system can be realized only by inputting the delay time by the encoder, and certain trouble is brought to a user.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a daisy chain electronic detonator which can quickly locate faults such as pin short circuit, pin open circuit and the like, can eliminate the defect of disordered identification sequence in automatic registration and can realize a serial type electric detonator initiation mode.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a daisy chain electronic detonator, which comprises a basic detonator, an ignition head, an electronic detonator controller, a first electric wire, a second electric wire, an upstream connecting piece and a downstream connecting piece; connecting the electronic detonator controller and the upstream connecting piece through a first electric wire; connecting the upstream connector and the downstream connector by a second wire; the upstream connecting piece is used for being connected to a bus or an upstream electronic detonator; the downstream connecting piece is used for connecting to a downstream electronic detonator or emptying; the upstream electronic detonator is another electronic detonator close to the bus in the daisy chain; the downstream electronic detonator is another electronic detonator far away from the bus in the daisy chain; the first port of the upstream connecting piece is connected with the first port of the electronic detonator controller and the first port of the downstream connecting piece; the second port of the upstream connecting piece is connected with the second port of the electronic detonator controller; the second port of the downstream connector is connected to the third port of the electronic detonator controller; the bus control circuit of the electronic detonator controller is connected in series between the second port of the electronic detonator controller and the third port of the electronic detonator controller; the downstream connecting piece of the upstream electronic detonator is inserted into the upstream connecting piece of the downstream electronic detonator; the first port of the downstream connecting piece of the upstream electronic detonator is connected with the first port of the upstream connecting piece of the downstream electronic detonator, and the second port of the downstream connecting piece of the upstream electronic detonator is connected with the second port of the upstream connecting piece of the downstream electronic detonator.

And the electronic detonator controller is used for connecting/cutting off a power supply passage of the downstream electronic detonator after receiving at least one of an identification instruction, a setting instruction and a reset instruction on the bus.

When the electronic detonator is powered on and reset, all marks of the electronic detonator are cleared; after receiving the identification instruction on the bus, the electronic detonator checks whether a registered mark exists, and if the registered mark does not exist, the electronic detonator sends a response signal to cut off a power supply path of a downstream electronic detonator; and after receiving the setting instruction on the bus, the electronic detonator is communicated with a power supply passage of the downstream electronic detonator to mark the registered mark of the electronic detonator.

After the electronic detonator receives the reset instruction on the bus, the power supply path of the downstream electronic detonator is cut off, and all marks of the electronic detonator are cleared; after receiving the identification instruction on the bus, the electronic detonator checks whether a registered mark exists, and if the registered mark does not exist, the electronic detonator sends a response signal containing the ID code of the electronic detonator and cuts off the power supply path of the downstream electronic detonator; after the electronic detonator receives the setting instruction on the bus, the electronic detonator compares whether the password corresponding to the ID code of the electronic detonator/the ID code of the electronic detonator contained in the setting instruction is consistent with the ID code/password of the electronic detonator, if so, a response signal is sent to communicate the power supply path of the downstream electronic detonator, and the registered mark of the electronic detonator is marked.

The bus control circuit is used for controlling connection/disconnection of a power supply path of the downstream electronic detonator. Wherein, the bus control circuit includes at least: the source electrode of the first NMOS tube is connected to the second port of the electronic detonator controller; the drain electrode of the first NMOS tube is connected to the third port of the electronic detonator controller; and the singlechip of the electronic detonator controller is connected with the grid of the first NMOS tube.

The bus control circuit is also used to connect the firing head in series to the bus. Wherein, the bus control circuit includes at least: the source electrode of the first NMOS tube is connected to the second port of the electronic detonator controller through a fuse of the input protection module of the electronic detonator controller; the drain electrode of the first NMOS tube is connected to one end of the ignition head, and the other end of the ignition head is connected to a third port of the electronic detonator controller; and the singlechip of the electronic detonator controller is connected with the grid of the first NMOS tube. The electronic detonator controller also comprises a TVS diode (transient voltage suppression diode), wherein the anode of the TVS diode is connected with the drain electrode of the first NMOS tube, and the cathode of the TVS diode is connected with the third port of the electronic detonator controller.

The ignition head adopts a bridge film resistor; the chemical agent of the ignition head adopts trinitro-m-phenyl-diphen-lead.

The electronic detonator also comprises a delay powder column of the millisecond delay detonator.

The invention provides an electronic detonator system comprising a control device, a bus, and at least one electronic detonator according to any one of claims 1-6; the upstream connecting piece of a first electronic detonator in the at least one electronic detonator is connected with the control equipment through a bus; the downstream connecting piece of the first electronic detonator is connected with the upstream connecting piece of the downstream electronic detonator; all the at least one electronic detonator are connected in sequence; the first electronic detonator is the electronic detonator closest to the bus in the at least one electronic detonator; the control equipment sends at least one of an identification instruction, a setting instruction and a detonation instruction to the bus and is used for detonating at least one electronic detonator; the identification instruction is used for sequentially obtaining the ID codes of at least one electronic detonator; setting instructions for connecting in parallel at least one electronic detonator to the bus in sequence; the detonation instruction is used for starting a delay timing circuit of at least one electronic detonator; the control equipment comprises at least one of an initiator, a network device and a shunt or a combination of the initiator, the network device and the shunt.

The control equipment also comprises a polarity automatic reversing circuit which is used for judging whether the polarity of the bus is reversely connected with the control equipment or not and automatically finishing the reversing of the output polarity of the control equipment.

The invention also provides a non-firing capacitor electronic detonator system comprising a control device, a bus, and at least one electronic detonator according to any one of claims 1 and 7-11; the upstream connecting piece of the first electronic detonator in the at least one electronic detonator and the downstream connecting piece of the last electronic detonator in the at least one electronic detonator are connected to the control equipment through a bus; the downstream connecting piece of the first electronic detonator is connected with the upstream connecting piece of the downstream electronic detonator; all the at least one electronic detonator are connected in sequence; the first electronic detonator is the electronic detonator closest to the bus in the at least one electronic detonator, and the last electronic detonator is the electronic detonator farthest from the bus in the at least one electronic detonator; the control equipment sends a detonation instruction to the bus for generating an ignition loop; the detonation instruction is used for serially connecting the ignition head of at least one electronic detonator to the ignition loop; the control device releases at least 1 ampere of current to the firing circuit, and ignites all the ignition heads in the firing circuit so as to detonate at least one electronic detonator.

The control equipment of the non-ignition capacitor electronic detonator system comprises: the device comprises an intrinsic safety control circuit, a millisecond switch and a high-voltage charge-discharge module; the bus is connected to the millisecond switch; the intrinsic safety control circuit is connected to the millisecond switch; the millisecond switch is also connected with a high-voltage charge-discharge module and is used for forming a charge circuit, an ignition control circuit and a discharge circuit; the charging loop is used for charging the high-voltage capacitor; the ignition control loop is used for releasing the electric energy stored by the high-voltage capacitor to the ignition loop; the discharge loop is used for quickly releasing residual charges of the high-voltage capacitor; the millisecond switch is used for switching the intrinsic safety control circuit, the charging circuit, the ignition control circuit and the discharging circuit.

The intrinsically safe control circuit further comprises: the control module is used for modulating and demodulating the battery, setting the high voltage, detecting the full resistance and detecting the battery; the modulation and demodulation module is connected to the millisecond switch and used for sending instructions to the bus and extracting response signals in the bus; the full-resistance detection module is connected in series in the firing circuit and is used for detecting the full resistance of the firing circuit; the high-voltage setting module controls the work of the high-voltage charge-discharge module and is used for generating the voltage of a high-voltage capacitor related to the full resistor of the ignition loop; the control module is respectively connected with the modulation and demodulation module, the high-voltage setting module and the firing loop full-resistance detection module.

The high pressure setting module further comprises: electronic switches, signal amplifiers; the input of the signal amplifier is connected with the output of the optical coupler of the high-voltage charge-discharge module; the output of the signal amplifier is connected with the control module, and the control module acquires a high-voltage signal; the control module controls the on-off of the electronic switch; the input of the electronic switch is connected to the battery; the output of the electronic switch is connected to the power input of the high-voltage charge-discharge module.

The control equipment applied to the seismic exploration remote control detonation system comprises: the bus is connected to the anode of the electric detonator interface of the decoder, the cathode of the electric detonator interface of the decoder and the anode of the output port of the adapter, and the cathode of the output port of the adapter is connected with the cathode of the electric detonator interface of the decoder; the adapter is used for generating an ignition circuit; the decoder is used for measuring the full resistance of the firing circuit and releasing the detonation electric energy to the firing circuit.

The invention discloses a daisy chain electronic detonator fault positioning method, which comprises the following steps:

after the electronic detonators are sequentially connected according to the arrangement sequence, connecting the first electronic detonators to the control equipment through the bus to form a link;

if the bus current reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value, the bus is indicated to have a short-circuit fault or a first electric wire of the first electronic detonator has a short-circuit fault, the first electronic detonator is taken down from the link, and the daisy chain electronic detonator detection process is executed;

otherwise, executing the daisy chain electronic detonator automatic registration process until the automatic registration process is finished;

if the first electronic detonator cannot be identified, the bus has an open circuit fault or the first electronic detonator has a fault, the first electronic detonator is taken down from the link, and a detection process is executed;

if the number of the registered electronic detonators is N and N is less than the total number of the electronic detonators in the link, the Nth electronic detonator or the (N + 1) th electronic detonator is judged to have a fault, the Nth electronic detonator and the (N + 1) th electronic detonator are taken down from the link, and a detection process is executed;

if the bus current reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value, the fact that a short circuit exists in a leg wire of the last electronic detonator or an earth surface wire of the last electronic detonator is shown, the last electronic detonator is taken down from the link, and a daisy chain electronic detonator detection process is executed;

otherwise, all the electronic detonators in the link are normal, and the fault locating process is finished.

Wherein the automatic registration process further comprises:

the control equipment sends a reset instruction;

the control equipment periodically sends an identification instruction;

sending a response signal by the unregistered electronic detonator, and cutting off a power supply path of the downstream electronic detonator;

if the control equipment can not obtain the response signal within the preset time, the automatic registration process is ended;

the control equipment extracts the ID code of the electronic detonator in the response signal and sends a setting instruction containing the ID code of the electronic detonator/a password corresponding to the ID code of the electronic detonator;

when the electronic detonator containing the ID code of the electronic detonator/the password corresponding to the ID code of the electronic detonator receives the setting instruction, the electronic detonator marks the registration mark and is communicated with a power supply passage of the downstream electronic detonator;

if the bus current reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value, the automatic registration process is ended;

and repeating the steps until all the electronic detonators are registered.

The detection process further comprises:

respectively connecting an upstream connecting piece and a downstream connecting piece of the electronic detonator to a detector;

if the output current of the detector reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value, indicating that a first conductor and a second conductor of a first electric wire of the electronic detonator have a short-circuit fault;

if the second port of the downstream connecting piece of the electronic detonator is at a low level, the second conductor and the third conductor of the first electric wire of the electronic detonator are indicated to have a short-circuit fault;

performing a single daisy-chain electronic detonator registration process;

if the electronic detonator cannot be identified, indicating that the first electric wire of the electronic detonator has an open circuit fault;

after the registration process is finished, if the output current of the detector reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value, indicating that a first conductor and a second conductor of a second electric wire of the electronic detonator have a short-circuit fault;

if the second port of the downstream connecting piece of the electronic detonator is in a high level, the second port indicates that at least one open circuit fault exists in the second conductor of the second electric wire of the electronic detonator and the third conductor of the first electric wire of the electronic detonator;

and after the detection process is finished, if the faults do not exist, the electrical property of the electronic detonator is normal.

The single daisy-chained electronic detonator registration process further comprises:

the detector sends a reset instruction;

the detector sends an identification instruction;

the electronic detonator sends a response signal;

if the detector can not obtain the response signal within the preset time, the registration process is ended;

otherwise, the detector sends a setting instruction;

when the electronic detonator receives the setting instruction, the bus control circuit of the electronic detonator is conducted;

the registration process ends.

In the laying construction of the electronic detonators, constructors only need to connect the electronic detonators one by one in sequence. When all electronic detonators are connected, the link is connected to the detonation control device in the safe area, the electronic detonators on the whole link are searched one by one through the automatic registration function of the control device, and the searched sequence is the connection sequence of the electronic detonators.

When the coal mine allowable electric detonator is used, the detonation process is basically the same as that of the coal mine allowable electric detonator, the operation is simple, and the understanding is easy. The electronic detonator is provided with the waterproof connecting component, so that under a dark and humid environment, a constructor can connect all the electronic detonators more easily to form a daisy chain, and then the first electronic detonator and the last electronic detonator are connected to the capacitive electronic detonator initiator through the bus. Firstly, all electronic detonators in a link are registered/authorized through a capacitive electronic detonator initiator, all the electronic detonators in the link are connected in parallel on a bus, and then a detonation instruction is sent to generate a firing loop which is connected with ignition heads of all the electronic detonators in series. And then basically, the operation method is the same as that of the common capacitance type electric detonator detonation, a multilayer millisecond switch of the capacitance type electric detonator is rotated to enter a charging state, the full resistance of a firing circuit is measured firstly, and the charging is stopped and the charging is indicated to be finished when the high-voltage capacitance reaches the corresponding high voltage according to the measured full resistance. And finally, rotating the multi-layer millisecond switch to release the electric energy of the high-voltage capacitor into an ignition loop, so that ignition heads of all electronic detonators are ignited. Like a common electric detonator, the electronic detonator is internally provided with a chemical delay element or an instantaneous electronic detonator, and the ignition heads of all the electronic detonators are ignited when the detonator is really detonated, so that the failure of the electronic detonator controller caused by vibration is avoided, the misfire rate is greatly reduced, and the misfire rate index is basically the same as that of the common electric detonator.

When the electronic detonator for seismic exploration is used, the bus needs to be connected to the decoder and the adapter respectively, all the electronic detonators in the link are registered/authorized by the adapter, all the electronic detonators in the link are connected to the bus in parallel, and then the adapter sends a detonation instruction to generate a firing loop which is connected with ignition heads of all the electronic detonators in series; the ignition loop is connected in series between the positive pole and the negative pole of the electric detonator interface of the decoder; the decoder can measure the full resistance of the firing circuit, and sends the full resistance value to the encoder for the primer to decide whether to detonate the detonator; the decoder releases the electric energy of the high-voltage capacitor into the firing circuit when the initiation is carried out, so that the firing heads of all electronic detonators are fired, and the detonators are required to be fired within 1 millisecond of the action of the initiation current in a seismic exploration firing system, so that the seismic exploration electronic detonators of the invention adopt bridge membrane resistors as the firing resistors of the firing heads, and adopt trinitro-m-benedifen lead (commonly known as Stefin lead acid) as the ignition powder of the firing heads. The electronic detonator adopting the ignition head has the instantaneous time less than 0.3 millisecond and the error less than 0.1 millisecond, and is very beneficial to accurately synchronizing seismic waves. It should be noted that the software and hardware of the existing decoder do not need to be changed, and the use mode is completely the same as that of the detonating electric detonator.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a daisy-chain electronic detonator structure provided by the invention.

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an electronic detonator controller including a bus control circuit according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram of a non-firing capacitor electronic detonator controller including a bus control circuit according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic connection diagram of the electronic detonator system provided by the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic connection diagram of the non-ignition capacitor electronic detonator system provided by the invention.

Fig. 6 is a circuit structure diagram of the capacitive electronic detonator initiator provided by the invention.

Fig. 7 is a circuit structure diagram of the intrinsic safety control circuit of the capacitive electronic detonator initiator provided by the invention.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the remote detonation system of the electronic detonator for seismic exploration provided by the invention.

Fig. 9 is a flow chart of a daisy-chained electronic detonator fault location method of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a flow chart of a daisy-chained electronic detonator automatic registration method of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart of a daisy-chained electronic detonator detection method of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a flow chart of a single daisy-chained electronic detonator registration method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The preferred embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be emphasized that the following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention or its application.

Example 1

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a daisy-chain electronic detonator structure provided by the invention. As shown in fig. 1, the daisy-chained electronic detonator includes an electronic detonator controller 12 including a bus control circuit, an ignition head 11, a base detonator 10, a first electrical wire 13 (conveniently referred to as "leg wire" in the present invention), a second electrical wire 14 (conveniently referred to as "surface wire" in the present invention), an upstream connecting member 16, and a downstream connecting member 15. The electronic detonator controller 12 is connected to an upstream connection 16 and a downstream connection 15 via a leg wire 13 and a surface wire 14, respectively. Typically, a network element is used to build an electronic detonator branch (referred to herein as a "link"). A plurality of electronic detonators are connected to each link.

To explain in more detail:

the first conductor 13A of the leg wire 13 connects the first port 161 of the upstream connector 16 and the first port 121 of the electronic detonator controller 12;

the second conductor 13B of the leg wire 13 connects the second port 162 of the upstream connector 16 and the second port 122 of the electronic detonator controller 12;

the first conductor 14A of the surface line 14 connects the first port 161 of the upstream connection 16 and the first port 151 of the downstream connection 15;

the second port 152 of the downstream connection 15 is connected to the third port 123 of the electronic detonator controller 12 through the second conductor 14B of the surface line 14 and the third conductor 13C of the leg line 13;

the downstream connecting element 15 is inserted into the upstream connecting element 16 of the downstream electronic detonator, the first port 161 of the upstream connecting element 16 is connected with the first port 151 of the downstream connecting element 15, and the second port 162 of the upstream connecting element 16 is connected with the second port 152 of the downstream connecting element 15;

the bus control circuit 124 of the electronic detonator controller 12 is connected in series between the second port 122 and the third port 123 of the electronic detonator controller 12;

all the electronic detonators are connected in sequence to form a daisy chain connected link.

Fig. 4 is a schematic connection diagram of an electronic detonator system provided by the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the upstream connection member 16A of the first electronic detonator 23A is connected to the control device 21 via the bus 22; the downstream connector 15A of the upstream electronic detonator 23A is inserted into the upstream connector 16B of the downstream electronic detonator 23B.

Fig. 4 described above shows only a case where one control apparatus connects two electronic detonators, and it should be clear that fig. 4 is only an example for explaining the present embodiment. The control equipment can be connected with more than two electronic detonators.

The first ports 121 of all electronic detonator controllers 12, the first ports 161 of the upstream connecting pieces 16 and the first ports 151 of the downstream connecting pieces 15 are connected in parallel and are connected to the positive pole of the control device 21 through the bus 22, and all electronic detonators have positive pole input;

the second port 122 of the electronic detonator controller 12 of the first electronic detonator 23A is connected to the negative pole of the control device 21 via the bus 22, the first electronic detonator always having a negative pole input;

the second port 122 of the electronic detonator controller 12 of the downstream electronic detonator 23B is connected to the third port 123 of the electronic detonator controller 12 of the upstream electronic detonator 23A thereof, and the downstream electronic detonator 23B must have a negative input only when the bus control circuits 124 of all the upstream electronic detonators thereof are turned on.

When the electronic detonator has both positive and negative inputs, the electronic detonator is connected in parallel to the bus (referred to as a 'link-in link' in the invention).

FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram of an electronic detonator controller including a bus control circuit according to the present invention.

The electronic detonator controller 12 shown in fig. 2 comprises a first port 121A, a second port 122A, a third port 123A, and a bus control circuit 124A, wherein 121A is a positive power input terminal; 122A is a power supply negative electrode input end; 123A is an output terminal. 121A charges a digital energy storage capacitor C1 through an anti-reflux diode D1, and supplies power to the singlechip through an LDO (low dropout regulator). 121A charges the firing capacitor C2 through a current limiting resistor R1, a backflow prevention diode D2, and an overvoltage protection resistor R3.

The ESD protection circuit S1 is a tip discharge circuit that forms a tip discharge loop to prevent the detonator from exploding when a discharge pulse such as 5000V/2000pf is input to the 121A and 122A.

The ignition head 11 includes an ignition resistor R2, and when the switching tube Q5 is turned on, the electric energy stored in the ignition capacitor C2 is instantaneously applied to the ignition resistor R2, so that the detonator is ignited.

The overvoltage protection resistor R3 is used for limiting the generated large current to flow through the firing resistor R2 when the first end is connected with high voltage (such as 220VAC), thereby preventing illegal detonation.

The bus control circuit 124A of the present invention comprises an NMOS transistor Q1, a source of Q1 is connected to the negative input 122A of the power supply; drain connection 123A of Q1; the gate of the Q1 is connected to the single chip microcomputer, if the single chip microcomputer outputs high level to the gate of the Q1, the Q1 is conducted, so that the 123A and 122A of the electronic detonator controller 12 are communicated, the internal resistance of the Q1 is about 100 milliohm or less, and the internal resistance can be ignored in a link. If the singlechip outputs a low level to the grid of the Q1, the Q1 is closed, so that the power supply paths of the 123A and the 122A are cut off. That is, whether to tie the downstream electronic detonators into the link can be achieved by controlling the gate voltage of the Q1.

If the electronic detonator is the first one in the link, a voltage difference exists between the 121A and the 122A, the electronic detonator is charged to the C1 through the current-limiting resistor R1 and the backflow-preventing diode D1, the single chip microcomputer is powered through the LDO, the single chip microcomputer is in two-way communication with the control device through the switching tube Q4, and can receive a reset instruction/an identification instruction/a setting instruction/a delay instruction/an initiation instruction and send a response signal.

If the single chip microcomputer of the first electronic detonator 23A in the link receives the identification instruction, whether a registered mark exists in the first electronic detonator 23A is judged, if not, the first electronic detonator 23A in the link sends a response signal containing the ID code to the bus, and meanwhile, the low level is kept to be output to the grid electrode of the control circuit 124A of the bus, so that Q1 is closed, and the downstream electronic detonator (such as 23B) is prevented from sending the response signal to the bus; if the registered flag exists, the single chip microcomputer of the first electronic detonator 23A keeps outputting a high level to the gate of the bus control circuit 124A thereof, so that the Q1 keeps an open state, the downstream power supply path is kept conducting, and no response signal is sent. In this way, there is only one reply signal on the bus from which the control device can correctly extract the detonator ID code in the reply signal.

Next, the control device sends a setting instruction containing the ID code/password corresponding to the ID code to the bus.

If the electronic detonator 23A receives the setting instruction, whether the password corresponding to the ID code/ID code contained in the setting instruction is consistent with the ID code/password of the electronic detonator is judged, if not, no response is made, and no state change is made; if they match, a response signal is sent, indicating that the electronic detonator 23A has registered, and a high level is output to the gate of its bus control circuit 124A, turning on Q1, thereby connecting 123A and 122A, and causing the downstream electronic detonator 23B to join the link, thus completing the registration process of the first electronic detonator 23A. At this time, the second electronic detonator 23B is connected to the link, and both the first electronic detonator 23A and the second electronic detonator 23B are connected in parallel to the bus and can communicate with the control device bidirectionally.

If the electronic detonator is not the first one in the link, 121A and 122A of the electronic detonator are connected in parallel on the bus if the bus control circuits 124A of all the electronic detonators in the upstream link are in a conducting state; if any one of the bus control circuits 124A of the electronic detonators in the upstream link is in the off state, the electronic detonators 122A are in the suspension state, and the electronic detonators are not supplied with power, which indicates that the electronic detonators are not connected to the link. In other words, the reference grounds of all the electronic detonators are divided by the bus control circuit 124A, and the reference grounds of the downstream electronic detonator controllers 12 can be connected in parallel to the negative electrode of the bus only when the bus control circuit 124A is turned on. The electronic detonator can receive the instruction on the bus only when the electronic detonator is connected to the link; when the electronic detonator is not connected to the link, the electronic detonator cannot receive the instruction on the bus and cannot send a response to the bus.

The electronic detonator directly connected to the bus is always registered first, and then the electronic detonator closest to the control device which is not registered is sequentially registered. During actual construction, the direction of delay increment, the position of the detonation control equipment and the like need to be flexibly specified on site.

Example 2

Fig. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram of a non-firing capacitor electronic detonator controller including a bus control circuit according to the present invention. Fig. 5 is a schematic connection diagram of the non-ignition capacitor electronic detonator system provided by the invention. The non-ignition capacitor electronic detonator system disclosed by the invention is described in conjunction with fig. 5 and 3.

As shown in fig. 3, the positive input end 121B of the electronic detonator controller 12 charges the digital energy storage capacitor C1 through the anti-reflux diodes D1 and D2, and the digital energy storage capacitor C1 supplies power to the single chip microcomputer.

When the NMOS transistor Q2 in this embodiment is turned on, all the electronic detonators are connected in parallel to the bus, and all the electronic detonators can receive a detonation instruction at the same time. Alternatively, when the electronic detonator controller 12 in the present embodiment does not include the NMOS transistor Q2, the electronic detonators are connected in parallel to the bus by means of the NMOS transistor Q1 in the bus control circuit 124B by the daisy-chain electronic detonator automatic registration method.

It should be noted that the electronic detonator controller 12 of the electronic detonator without the firing capacitor has no firing capacitor, and when Q1 is turned on in the bus control circuit 124B, the firing resistor R2 in the firing head 11, the fuse, and Q1 in the bus control circuit 124B are connected in series between 122B and 123B. During detonation, all firing resistors R2 are connected in series in a closed firing loop formed between the positive pole and the negative pole of the blasting bus of the control device, and the firing energy of the firing resistor R2 comes from the blasting bus. The anti-backflow diode D1 may be a series connection of multiple diodes to prevent high voltage from flowing back to the bus when the high voltage is fired.

The process of forming the firing circuit is described in detail below.

As shown in fig. 5, the control device 31 includes a programming port 311, a blasting bus positive pole 312, a blasting bus negative pole 313;

the first electronic detonator 33A and the last electronic detonator 33B are connected to the control device 31 by the bus 32;

all the electronic detonators are connected in sequence, for example, the downstream connecting piece of the 33A electronic detonator is inserted into the upstream connecting piece of the 33B electronic detonator, if the 33B electronic detonator is not the last electronic detonator, the downstream connecting piece is also continuously inserted into the upstream connecting piece of the downstream electronic detonator, and the description is omitted here.

Fig. 5 described above shows only a case where one control apparatus connects two electronic detonators, and it should be clear that fig. 5 is only an example for explaining the present embodiment. The control equipment can be connected with more than two electronic detonators.

A first conductor 32A of the bus 32 connects the first port 161A of the upstream connection 16A of the first electronic detonator 33A with the programming port 311;

the second conductor 32B of the bus connects the second port 162A of the upstream connector 16A of the first electronic detonator 33A and the negative blast bus 312;

the third conductor 32C of the bus connects the second port 152B of the downstream connection 15B of the last electronic detonator 33B and the blast bus positive electrode 313;

the first port 151B of the downstream connection 15B of the last electronic detonator 33B is suspended.

Obviously, this embodiment is obviously different from the two-wire bus structure in embodiment 1, and in this embodiment, 32A and 32B in the bus 32 constitute the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the two-wire bus as in embodiment 1, and are used for supplying power to the link and transmitting signals in both directions. The bus 32C, 32B also forms a blast bus and a negative pole for transmitting the ignition energy to all the ignition heads 11.

The control equipment sends a detonation command to the bus, the single-chip microcomputers of the electronic detonators 33A and 33B receive the detonation command at the same time, and output high levels to respective gates of Q1 to enable Q1 to be conducted, and simultaneously output a low level to the gate of Q2 to close Q2.

When the Q1 is conducted, the fuse and the firing control switch Q1 are much smaller than the resistance of R2, so that only the firing head can be simplified between 122B and 123B of the electronic detonator control 12. Since all the electronic detonators are connected in sequence, the ignition heads of all the electronic detonators are connected in series from the second port of the downstream connecting piece of the last electronic detonator to the second port of the upstream connecting piece of the first electronic detonator. The second port of the downstream connecting piece of the last electronic detonator is connected to the positive pole of the blasting bus bar through a bus, and the second port of the upstream connecting piece of the first electronic detonator is connected to the negative pole of the blasting bus bar through the bus. Therefore, an ignition loop is formed between the positive electrode of the blasting bus and the negative electrode of the blasting bus, and the ignition loop is not different from an ignition loop of a common electric detonator series network, so that all ignition heads in the ignition loop can be ignited by adopting a common electric detonator initiation method, a chemical delay element in the electronic detonator is further ignited, and the detonator is initiated according to a preset delay.

It should be noted that, because the single chip microcomputer enters the sleep state after receiving the detonation instruction, the sleep current of the single chip microcomputer is as low as 1uA or less, and even if the power output of the programming port is cut off at this time, the electric quantity stored in the digital energy storage capacitor C1 can keep the Q1 on for a long time, so that the process of charging and firing the detonator is completed within 100 seconds without technical risk.

From the circuit point of view, the Q1 is used as a bus switch and can also realize the automatic registration function of the daisy-chain electronic detonator. The problem is that when the networking scale is large, the resistance value of the firing resistor cannot be ignored, the bus resistor gradually becomes large, the power supply voltage of the electronic detonator at the tail end becomes small, the response signal gradually becomes weak, and finally the control equipment cannot extract the response signal from the bus, so that the registration of all the electronic detonators cannot be completed, and the networking scale is limited. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the addition of the NMOS transistor Q2 can solve the above problem.

Further, the electronic detonator controller 12 further comprises a TVS diode Z1, wherein the anode of Z1 is connected to the ground reference of the electronic detonator controller 12, and the cathode of Z1 is connected to the output terminal 123B of the electronic detonator controller 12. If the voltage of 122B is higher than that of 123B, the diode inside Q2 and Z1 are both conducted in the forward direction, so that the firing loop of the firing resistor R2 is bypassed, and R2 cannot obtain enough current, thereby preventing illegal detonation.

If the voltage of 123B is much higher than 122B, Z1 is turned on by reverse breakdown, and since the breakdown voltage of Z1 is much lower than the source-drain withstand voltage Vds of Q1, a large current does not flow through R2 in the off state of Q1. In this way, no matter the second port 122B and the third port 123B of the electronic detonator controller 12 are connected with positive/negative high voltage, the detonator cannot be illegally detonated.

Similarly, the withstand voltage of the single chip microcomputer is much lower than the gate breakdown voltage of Q1, and no matter whether a positive voltage or a negative voltage is applied between the first port 121B and the second port 122B/the third port 123B of the electronic detonator controller 12, a large current does not flow through the firing resistor R2, thereby ensuring that the electronic detonator cannot be detonated illegally.

The internal resistance of the fuse in the ignition loop is far smaller than the ignition resistor, so that the fuse can be ignored, and the melting heat energy of the fuse is far higher than the ignition impulse energy of the ignition resistor, namely the fuse is likely to be fused only after the ignition resistor is ignited. When the Q1 is closed, if the heat energy flowing through the fuse reaches the melting heat energy of the fuse, the fuse is opened, and the continuous illegal high-voltage invasion can be prevented.

It should be noted that the meaning of the initiation command in the specific embodiment of the present invention is different. In embodiment 1, the initiation instruction is a reference signal for simultaneously starting timing for the electronic delay circuits of all the electronic detonators, and the initiation instruction further includes a time base signal for calibrating the electronic detonators, which is used for calibrating the delay precision of the electronic detonators. In example 2, the detonation command is to connect firing resistors of all electronic detonators in series into a firing circuit at the same time.

The electronic detonator without firing capacitor disclosed by the invention is a novel electronic detonator which is produced by fully combining an electronic detonator communication technology and a millisecond delay electric detonator initiation technology. The novel electronic detonator not only reduces the cost, but also greatly improves the quasi-explosion rate of the electronic detonator applied underground.

The electronic detonator without the firing capacitor is internally provided with the delay element or is not provided with the delay element, and can be used as an optimal allowable electronic detonator for coal mines, an optimal seismic exploration electronic detonator and an optimal cost-sensitive electronic detonator in shallow hole blasting.

Example 3

Fig. 6 is a circuit structure diagram of the capacitive electronic detonator initiator provided by the invention. In underground coal mines, a capacitance type electronic detonator initiator allowable for the coal mines needs to be provided. In order to meet the requirement of safe production of the underground coal mine, the invention provides a technical scheme of control equipment for the underground coal mine. The capacitive electronic detonator initiator provided by the present invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 5 and 6. The millisecond switch adopted by the invention is a 3-layer millisecond switch, and has three positions, wherein the first position and the third position are stable positions, the second position is an excessive position, and the contact time of the contact at the second position is less than 4 ms.

The capacitive electronic detonator initiator provided by the invention comprises a programming port 311, an explosion bus anode 312, an explosion bus cathode 313, an intrinsic safety control circuit 316, a millisecond switch 314, a high-voltage charging and discharging module 318 and a battery 315; the programming port 311, the blasting bus anode 312 and the blasting bus cathode 313 are respectively connected to the millisecond switch 314; the intrinsic safety control circuit 316 is respectively connected to the millisecond switch 314, the battery 315 and the high-voltage charging and discharging module 318; the millisecond switch 314 is connected with the high-voltage charging and discharging module 318 to form a charging loop, an ignition control loop and a discharging loop;

with the millisecond switch 314 in the third position pos3, the programming port 311, the blast bus negative pole 313 are switched to the intrinsically safe control circuit, which sends commands to and extracts signals from the bus. The firing resistor R51 is connected in parallel across the high voltage capacitor C52, keeping the high voltage capacitor C52 below the intrinsically safe voltage. Starting the automatic registration process of the daisy chain electronic detonators, connecting all the electronic detonators in parallel on the bus, and then connecting the ignition heads of all the electronic detonators in series between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the blasting bus.

When the millisecond switch 314 is switched to the first position pos1, the blasting bus anode 312 and the blasting bus cathode 313 are switched to the intrinsic safety control circuit, the intrinsic safety control circuit firstly measures the full resistance of the firing circuit between the blasting bus anode 312 and the blasting bus cathode 313, and the high-voltage set value which the high-voltage capacitor C52 should reach can be obtained through calculation. Then, power is supplied to the high-voltage charging and discharging module 318, under the isolation action of the linear optocoupler PC817, the intrinsic safety control circuit 316 detects the high-voltage measured value of the high-voltage capacitor C52 in real time, and once the high-voltage measured value reaches a high-voltage set value, the charging loop is closed.

After charging is finished, the millisecond switch 314 is rotated to a third position pos3, and when the millisecond switch 314 is switched to a second position pos2, the positive and negative electrodes 32B and 32C of the blasting bus and the two ends of the high-voltage capacitor C52 are connected, so that the electric energy of the high-voltage capacitor C52 is released into an ignition loop, and the conduction duration of the ignition loop is less than 4 ms. When the millisecond switch 314 reaches the third position pos3, the firing resistor R51 is connected in parallel across the high voltage capacitor C52, quickly releasing the residual charge of the high voltage capacitor C52, thereby placing the high voltage capacitor below the intrinsically safe voltage.

The use of a millisecond switch is an ideal reliable means of isolating intrinsically safe circuits from non-intrinsically safe circuits for ease of understanding, maintenance and replacement.

Example 4

Fig. 7 is a circuit configuration diagram of an intrinsically safe control circuit of the capacitive electronic detonator initiator according to the present invention, and the intrinsically safe control circuit of the capacitive electronic detonator initiator according to the present invention will be described with reference to fig. 6 and 7.

As shown in fig. 7, the intrinsically safe control circuit 316 provided by the present invention further includes:

the device comprises a control module 61, a modulation and demodulation module 62, a high voltage setting module 64 and a full resistance detection module 63;

the control module 61 is respectively connected with the modulation and demodulation module 62, the high voltage setting module 64 and the firing loop full-resistance detection module 63;

the modem module 62 is connected to the first millisecond switch 314, and is used for sending instructions to the bus and extracting response signals in the bus;

the full resistance detection module 63 is connected in series in the firing circuit, and comprises a constant current source and a voltage adjusting circuit, and is used for detecting the full resistance of the firing circuit, when the firing head resistances of all the electronic detonators are connected in series between the anode and the cathode of the blasting bus, a constant current smaller than 1mA is sent in the firing circuit, and then the voltage generated by the current is measured, so that the full resistance of the firing circuit can be calculated, wherein the full resistance comprises a bus resistance, a leg wire, a ground wire, a firing head resistance and a switching tube resistance;

the high voltage setting module 64 controls the operation of the high voltage charging and discharging module 318 for generating the voltage of the high voltage capacitor C52 related to the full resistance of the firing circuit; the high pressure setting module 64 further includes: electronic switches, signal amplifiers; the input of the signal amplifier is connected with the output of the optical coupler of the high-voltage charge-discharge module; the output of the signal amplifier is connected with the control module, and the control module acquires a high-voltage signal; the control module controls the on-off of the electronic switch; the input of the electronic switch is connected to the battery; the output of the electronic switch is connected to the power input of the high-voltage charge-discharge module. The control module generates a high-voltage set value according to the detected total number of the electronic detonators and the full resistance of the firing circuit, detects the high-voltage signal amplified through optical coupling isolation in real time, and switches off the electronic switch when the high-voltage signal value reaches the high-voltage set value.

Example 5

Fig. 8 is a schematic connection diagram of the initiation system of the electronic detonator for seismic exploration provided by the invention, and the operation process of the initiation system of the electronic detonator for seismic exploration provided by the invention in seismic exploration is further explained by taking the electronic detonator for seismic exploration as an example in combination with fig. 5.

The invention discloses a seismic exploration electronic detonator which has the same composition principle as the non-ignition capacitance electronic detonator in the embodiment 2, and is characterized in that the seismic exploration electronic detonator is instantaneous and does not have a delay powder column. In particular, the firing head of the seismic exploration electronic detonator preferably employs a bridge membrane resistance and lead stevensonate to provide greater detonator burst accuracy.

The decoder is a remote control initiation device of an electric detonator for seismic exploration, which is widely applied to the field of seismic exploration, but can not directly initiate a common electronic detonator.

The daisy chain electronic detonator provided by the invention can be converted into the detonator which can be directly detonated by the decoder through the adapter provided by the invention, so that the seismic source synchronization precision and the detonator use safety are greatly improved on the basis of not changing the existing seismic exploration detonation mode.

The control apparatus 31 for the seismic exploration electronic detonator provided by the present invention further comprises: the system comprises a decoder 35 and an adapter 36, wherein the anode of an electric detonator interface of the decoder 35 is connected with the anode 313 of a blasting bus, the cathode of the electric detonator interface of the decoder 35 is connected with the cathode 312 of the blasting bus, the anode of an output port of the adapter 36 is connected with the anode 311 of a programming port, and the cathode of the output port of the adapter is connected with the cathode of the electric detonator interface of the decoder 35; the adapter executes a detonation instruction in advance and is used for closing an ignition loop; the decoder can also measure the full resistance of the firing loop, and the decoder releases the detonation electric energy to the firing loop after receiving the TB signal.

The encoder 37 is used for remotely controlling the decoder 35 to release the detonation electric energy and receive wellhead information sent by the decoder 35.

First, all the electronic detonators are connected, and the first electronic detonator and the last electronic detonator are connected to the decoder 35 and the adapter 36, respectively, through the bus 32. The adaptor 36 then connects all the electronic detonators in parallel to the bus one by a daisy-chain electronic detonator auto-registration method, and then connects all the firing head resistors in series by a detonation command. Finally, a closed loop is formed between the positive electrode of the electric detonator interface of the decoder 35 and the negative electrode of the electric detonator interface of the decoder 35. The decoder 35 and the vibration meter realize the synchronization of the initiation time of the seismic source explosive column and the zero point of the vibration measuring time under the unified control of the encoder 37.

Example 6

Fig. 9 is one embodiment of a daisy-chained electronic detonator fault location method. As shown in fig. 9, the method includes:

step 101, after the electronic detonators are sequentially connected according to the arrangement sequence, connecting the first electronic detonators to an initiator/a network route device/a shunt to form a link;

102, detecting that the bus current reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value by the detonator, indicating that the bus has a short-circuit fault or the leg wire of the first electronic detonator has a short-circuit fault, taking down the first electronic detonator from the link, and executing steps 301-308;

103, setting the initial value of a counter N to be 0, executing steps 201-207, and waiting for the completion of the automatic registration process of the daisy-chain electronic detonator;

104, if N is 0, indicating that the bus has an open circuit fault or the first electronic detonator has a fault, taking down the first electronic detonator from the link, and executing steps 301-308;

105, if N is smaller than the total number of the electronic detonators in the link, the Nth electronic detonator or the (N + 1) th electronic detonator is in fault, taking down the Nth electronic detonator and the (N + 1) th electronic detonator from the link, and executing steps 301-308;

106, detecting that the bus current reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limiting value by the detonator, indicating that a short circuit exists between a pin wire of the last electronic detonator or an earth surface wire of the last electronic detonator, taking down the last electronic detonator from the link, and executing steps 301-308;

and step 107, all the electronic detonators in the link are normal, and the fault locating process is finished.

In the above process, once a fault occurs, the fault position can be quickly determined through the bus current and the registered number of detonators (counter N), and then different handling means are adopted to handle different fault types, and any person skilled in the art has prior knowledge about which handling means is adopted.

Example 7

Fig. 10 is one embodiment of a daisy-chained electronic detonator auto-registration process. As shown in fig. 10, the process includes:

step 201, the detonator sends a reset instruction, clears all the electronic detonator identification states, and cuts off a downstream power supply path;

202, the detonator sends an identification instruction;

step 203, sending a response signal by the unregistered electronic detonator, and cutting off a downstream power supply path;

step 204, when the initiator cannot obtain a response signal within a preset time, ending the automatic registration process;

step 205, the initiator extracts the electronic detonator ID code in the response signal and sends a setting instruction containing a password corresponding to the electronic detonator ID code/electronic detonator ID code, and makes N equal to N + 1;

step 206, the electronic detonator containing the password corresponding to the electronic detonator ID code/electronic detonator ID code receives the setting instruction, identifies the registered mark, opens the downstream power supply path and accesses the downstream electronic detonator into the link;

and step 207, detecting that the bus current reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value by the detonator, finishing the automatic registration process, and otherwise, repeating the steps 202-207.

In the process, the automatic identification of the electronic detonators is realized through the control effect of communication information transmission of the bus control circuit, so that not only are all the IDs of the electronic detonators obtained, but also the connection sequence numbers corresponding to the IDs of the electronic detonators are determined.

Since the electronic detonators are individually identified by the initiator, a counter may be provided in the initiator, the initial value of which is set to 0, and the counter is incremented by 1 each time an electronic detonator is identified by the initiator, and then the counter value is used as the sequence number.

For example, when the initiator recognizes the first electronic detonator, the counter is 1, and the sequence number of the first electronic detonator is 1; when the initiator identifies a second electronic detonator, the counter is added with 1 on the basis of 1, and the counter is 2 at the moment, so that the sequence number of the second electronic detonator is 2; and so on.

The advantages are that: when the traditional electronic detonator priming system directly connects the electronic detonators to the bus in parallel in advance, the ID of the electronic detonator and the connection sequence number of the electronic detonator cannot be identified. In the invention, in field construction, the electronic detonators are directly connected in sequence without code scanning registration and live operation. The initiator is connected in a secure area and an auto registration process is performed.

In the above method, the electronic detonator setting process of step 206 is also a process of writing parameters (electronic detonator setting parameters) related to the operation of the electronic detonator into the electronic detonator. The electronic detonator setting parameters mainly comprise an electronic detonator sequence number/an electronic detonator network address and electronic detonator delay (including absolute delay or relative delay).

After all the electronic detonators are connected, the exploder is connected in the safety area, the exploder performs an automatic registration function, and the ID and the connection sequence number of the electronic detonators can be automatically collected. According to the collected electronic detonator ID and the collected electronic detonator connection sequence number, the corresponding relation between the electronic detonator ID and the electronic detonator sequence number and the delay can be established through the delay setting method disclosed in PCT patent application (International publication No.: WO2015109417), and the electronic detonator ID or the electronic detonator connection sequence number is used as a network address to send a setting instruction, a routing inspection instruction, an authorization instruction and the like.

Example 8

FIG. 11 is one embodiment of a daisy-chained electronic detonator detection process. As shown in fig. 11, the process includes:

step 301, respectively accessing an upstream port and a downstream port of an electronic detonator to an electronic detonator detector;

step 302, when the electronic detonator detector detects that the bus current reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value, the first conductor and the second conductor of the leg wire are indicated to have a short-circuit fault;

step 303, when the electronic detonator detector detects that the second end of the downstream port of the electronic detonator is at a low level, the electronic detonator detector indicates that a short-circuit fault exists between the second conductor and the third conductor of the leg wire;

step 304, executing steps 401 to 406;

305, if the electronic detonator detector cannot identify the electronic detonator, indicating that the first electric wire of the electronic detonator has an open circuit fault;

step 306, when the electronic detonator detector detects that the bus current reaches or exceeds a preset maximum current limit value, the first conductor and the second conductor of the earth surface line have short-circuit faults;

step 307, when the electronic detonator detector detects that the second end of the downstream port of the electronic detonator is at a high level, the electronic detonator detector indicates that an open circuit fault exists between the second conductor of the earth surface line and the third conductor of the leg line of the electronic detonator;

and step 308, after the detection is finished, the electrical property of the electronic detonator is normal.

It should be noted that the method is not only used for checking the fault of the electronic detonator, but also is an effective method for checking whether the function of the electronic detonator is normal, and can be used as a delivery detection method of the electronic detonator, a detection method before a site construction entrance or a method for reading the ID code of the electronic detonator before applying for the password of the electronic detonator.

Example 8

Fig. 12 is one embodiment of a single daisy-chained electronic detonator registration process. As shown in fig. 12, the process includes:

step 401, the detector sends a reset instruction;

step 402, the detector sends an identification instruction;

step 403, the electronic detonator sends a response signal;

step 404, if the detector cannot obtain the response signal within the preset time, the registration process is ended;

step 405, otherwise, the detector sends a setting instruction;

and 406, conducting a bus control circuit of the electronic detonator when the electronic detonator receives the setting instruction.

Specifically, during the construction process of the electronic detonator, there is no fault such as bus short circuit or open circuit, surface line short circuit or open circuit, pin line short circuit or open circuit, and detonator leakage, and the quality problem caused by components in the electronic detonator control 12 is not discussed here.

If the bus is short-circuited, one detonator cannot be identified, and the detonator detects that the bus current is very high and reaches or approaches the maximum current limit value. If the bus is open or the leg wire of the first electronic detonator is open, one detonator cannot be identified. If the second conductor and the third conductor of the first electronic detonator leg wire are in short circuit, the two electronic detonators which are not registered exist on the bus at the same time, and the first electronic detonator and the second electronic detonator are connected on the bus in parallel at the same time, so that one detonator cannot be identified due to the collision of response signal buses.

Therefore, as long as none of the electronic detonators is identified, it is necessary to first investigate whether the first electronic detonator has a fault. And checking whether the first electronic detonator has a fault, wherein the first electronic detonator needs to be taken down from the link, and detecting whether the electronic detonator has a fault by using an electronic detonator detector. If the first electronic detonator is not in fault, the bus can be confirmed to be short-circuited or open-circuited.

And if N (N is more than 0) electronic detonators are found after the registration process is completed and N is less than the total number of the electronic detonators connected in the link, indicating that the electronic detonators with faults exist. And the electronic detonator with the fault is not the Nth electronic detonator, but is the (N + 1) th electronic detonator.

Similarly, the nth electronic detonator and the (N + 1) th electronic detonator are removed from the link, and the electronic detonator detector detects whether a failure exists in the two electronic detonators.

The electronic detonator detector is respectively connected with the upstream connecting piece and the downstream connecting piece of the electronic detonator, and a pull-up resistor is connected to the second port of the downstream connecting piece in the electronic detonator detector. By the daisy chain electronic detonator detection method disclosed by the invention, whether each conductor of the electronic detonator has a fault or not can be confirmed.

Further explained below is the principle that after the registration process is completed, N electronic detonators are discovered, and the fault must occur in the nth electronic detonator or the (N + 1) th electronic detonator.

And when the upstream electronic detonators are all normal, finding N electronic detonators after the registration process is finished. The electronic detonator provided by the invention comprises an upstream connecting piece, a downstream connecting piece, a leg wire, a ground surface wire and an electronic detonator controller, and the generalizable faults comprise:

the first conductor and the second conductor of the leg wire are short-circuited, and the fault detonator is an N +1 electronic detonator;

the first conductor or the second conductor of the leg wire is in an open circuit, and the fault detonator is an N +1 electronic detonator;

the leg wire second conductor and the third conductor are short-circuited, and the fault detonator is an N +1 electronic detonator;

the electronic detonator controller fails, and the failed detonator is the (N + 1) th electronic detonator;

the surface line first conductor and the surface line second conductor are short-circuited, and the fault detonator is an Nth electronic detonator;

the first conductor and the third conductor of the leg wire are short-circuited, and the fault detonator is an Nth electronic detonator;

the leg wire third conductor is open-circuited, and the fault detonator is the Nth electronic detonator;

the first conductor of the surface wire or the second conductor of the surface wire is in open circuit, and the fault detonator is an Nth electronic detonator.

The problems of open and short circuits occurring between the upstream and downstream connectors and the electronic detonator controller and the pin line and the surface line can be completely equivalent to the above-described failures.

Checking whether the nth and (N + 1) th electronic detonators are normal can find out the reason why the initiator is stopped when registered to the nth electronic detonator.

When the electronic detonator is inserted into the electronic detonator detector, the electronic detonator detector outputs voltage at the programming port. Firstly, detecting output current, and if the output current is overlarge, indicating that a first conductor and a second conductor of a leg wire of the electronic detonator are short-circuited;

detecting the level of the second end of the downstream connecting piece of the electronic detonator, and if the level of the second end of the downstream connecting piece is low level, indicating that the leg wire second conductor and the third conductor are short-circuited; if the voltage is high, the next detection is needed.

The electronic detonator detector executes a registration process, and if the electronic detonator cannot be identified, the electronic detonator detector indicates that the electronic detonator controller has a fault or a leg wire is open;

when the electronic detonator is registered, the bus control circuit of the electronic detonator is conducted;

detecting the output current again, and if the output current is overlarge, indicating that the first conductor of the ground surface wire and the second conductor of the ground surface wire of the electronic detonator are short-circuited or the first conductor of the leg wire and the third conductor are short-circuited;

at this time, the level of the second end of the downstream connecting element of the electronic detonator is detected, and if the level is high, the level indicates that the third conductor of the leg wire is open or the first conductor of the surface wire or the second conductor of the surface wire is open or the bus control circuit is in failure. This is because, if the bus control circuit is turned on, the second conductor of the ground wire of the electronic detonator should be connected in parallel to the negative electrode of the programming port of the electronic detonator detector, and if the connection is normal, the second end of the downstream connecting element should be pulled low.

More clearly, if the failed detonator is the Nth electronic detonator, it indicates that the path connecting the Nth electronic detonator to the (N + 1) th electronic detonator is failed; if the fault detonator is the (N + 1) th electronic detonator, the fault exists in the upstream link of the (N + 1) th electronic detonator, or the second conductor and the third conductor of the leg wire of the fault detonator are short-circuited, so that the (N + 2) th electronic detonator and the (N + 1) th electronic detonator are connected to the bus in parallel at the same time. And only the fault that the leg wire second conductor and the third conductor are short-circuited can be related to the (N + 1) th electronic detonator downstream link, in other words, the registration process must be stopped where the N electronic detonators are identified as long as such fault occurs. Any other faults are irrelevant to the downstream link of the (N + 1) th electronic detonator, namely, the faults must occur in the Nth electronic detonator or the (N + 1) th electronic detonator.

In the invention, as the electronic detonator has the characteristics of controlling bus communication information transmission and rapidly positioning faults, the functions of rapidly identifying, registering, authorizing detonation and positioning faults of the electronic detonator can be realized by combining the electronic detonator registration method, the electronic detonator detection method and the electronic detonator fault positioning method provided by the invention, the labor intensity and the technical complexity are greatly reduced, the electronic detonator has the connection rapidness of a non-electric detonator, and meanwhile, the electronic detonator has high precision and high reliability.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.