阅读说明：本技术 磁流量计 (Magnetic flowmeter ) 是由 马苏德·阿米里 斯科特·罗纳德·福斯 贾里德·詹姆斯·德赖尔 于 2020-03-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：磁流量计包括流管组件、电动势EMF传感器、功率放大器、电流采样电路和控制器。所述流管组件容纳所述流体流,并且包括线圈,该线圈用于接收线圈电流并且在所述流体流中引发与所述流率成比例的EMF。所述EMF传感器产生指示所引发的EMF的输出。所述功率放大器用于产生第一频率的未经滤波的电流脉冲。所述功率放大器包括低通滤波器,该低通滤波器使所述未经滤波的电流脉冲衰减,从而形成第二频率的线圈电流脉冲,所述线圈电流脉冲形成线圈电流。所述电流采样电路以采样频率对所述线圈电流脉冲进行采样。所述控制器用于改变所述采样频率和第一频率之间的关系,并且基于所述样本来调节所述线圈电流。(The magnetic flowmeter includes a flowtube assembly, an electromotive force, EMF, sensor, a power amplifier, a current sampling circuit, and a controller. The flow tube assembly contains the fluid flow and includes a coil for receiving a coil current and inducing an EMF in the fluid flow proportional to the flow rate. The EMF sensor produces an output indicative of the induced EMF. The power amplifier is used to generate unfiltered current pulses at a first frequency. The power amplifier includes a low pass filter that attenuates the unfiltered current pulses to form coil current pulses at a second frequency, the coil current pulses forming a coil current. The current sampling circuit samples the coil current pulses at a sampling frequency. The controller is configured to vary a relationship between the sampling frequency and the first frequency and adjust the coil current based on the sample.)

1. A magnetic flow meter for measuring a flow rate of a fluid flow, the magnetic flow meter comprising:

a flowtube assembly comprising a spool piece for containing said fluid flow and a coil for receiving a coil current and generating a magnetic field across said fluid flow that induces an electromotive force, EMF, in said fluid flow that is proportional to said flow rate;

an EMF sensor arranged to sense the EMF and generate an output indicative of the induced EMF; and

a power amplifier for generating unfiltered current pulses of a first frequency and comprising a low pass filter attenuating said unfiltered current pulses to form coil current pulses of a second frequency, said coil current pulses forming said coil current;

a current sampling circuit for capturing a series of samples of the coil current pulse at a sampling frequency; and

a controller for changing a relationship between the sampling frequency and the first frequency and adjusting the coil current based on the sample.

2. The magnetic flow meter of claim 1,

the unfiltered current pulses each have a pulse period corresponding to the first frequency;

the current sampling circuit samples the coil current pulses with a sampling delay from the beginning of each pulse period; and is

The controller varies the sampling delay to vary a relationship between the sampling frequency and the first pulse frequency.

3. The magnetic flow meter of claim 2, wherein the controller randomizes the sampling delay.

4. The magnetic flow meter of claim 2, wherein the controller shifts the sampling delay over the series of samples.

5. The magnetic flow meter of claim 2,

the power amplifier includes:

a power source;

an H-bridge coupled to the power supply; and

a low pass filter for receiving unfiltered current pulses from the H-bridge; and is

The controller is configured to operate complementary pairs of switches of the H-bridge at varying duty cycles to generate the unfiltered current pulses and to alternate the direction of the coil current pulses through the coil.

6. The magnetic flow meter of claim 5,

the first frequency is 10-100 kHz; and is

The second frequency is 5-200 Hz.

7. The magnetic flow meter of claim 5,

the EMF sensor comprises first and second electrodes positioned on opposite sides of the fluid flow, each of the first and second electrodes for sensing a voltage of the fluid flow; and is

The magnetic flowmeter includes:

a signal processor for receiving the voltages sensed by the first and second electrodes and generating a digital voltage signal indicative of a voltage difference between the first and second electrodes proportional to the EMF and the flow rate of the fluid stream; and

a digital processor for processing the digital voltage signal and establishing a flow rate of the fluid flow.

8. The magnetic flow meter of claim 7, wherein the magnetic flow meter comprises a communication interface for communicating the flow rate to an external computing device over a two-wire process control loop that powers the magnetic flow meter.

9. A magnetic flow meter for measuring a flow rate of a fluid flow, the magnetic flow meter comprising:

a flowtube assembly comprising a spool piece for containing said fluid flow and a coil for receiving a coil current and generating a magnetic field across said fluid flow that induces an electromotive force, EMF, in said fluid flow that is proportional to said flow rate;

an EMF sensor arranged to sense the EMF and generate an output indicative of the induced EMF; and

a power amplifier for generating unfiltered current pulses of a first frequency and comprising a low-pass filter attenuating said unfiltered current pulses so as to form coil current pulses of a second frequency, said coil current pulses forming said coil current, wherein each of said unfiltered current pulses is generated after a pulse delay from said pulse period within a pulse period;

a current sampling circuit for capturing a series of samples of the coil current pulse at a sampling frequency; and

a controller for adjusting the pulse delay to change a relationship between the sampling frequency and the unfiltered current pulse, and adjusting the coil current based on the sample.

10. The magnetic flow meter of claim 9, wherein the controller randomizes the pulse delays.

11. The magnetic flow meter of claim 9, wherein the controller delays shifting the pulse for each of the current pulses corresponding to the series of samples.

12. The magnetic flow meter of claim 9,

the power amplifier includes:

a power source;

an H-bridge coupled to the power supply; and

a low pass filter for receiving the unfiltered current pulses from the H-bridge through the first and second conductors; and is

The controller is configured to operate complementary pairs of switches of the H-bridge at varying duty cycles to generate the unfiltered current pulses and to alternate the direction of the coil current pulses through the coil.

13. The magnetic flow meter of claim 12,

the first frequency is 10-100 kHz; and is

The second frequency is 5-200 Hz.

14. The magnetic flow meter of claim 13,

the EMF sensor comprises first and second electrodes positioned on opposite sides of the fluid flow, each of the first and second electrodes for sensing a voltage of the fluid flow; and is

The magnetic flowmeter includes:

a signal processor for receiving the voltages sensed by the first and second electrodes and generating a digital voltage signal indicative of a voltage difference between the first and second electrodes proportional to the EMF and the flow rate of the fluid stream; and

a digital processor for processing the digital voltage signal and establishing a flow rate of the fluid flow.

15. The magnetic flow meter of claim 14, wherein the magnetic flow meter comprises a communication interface for communicating the flow rate to an external computing device over a two-wire process control loop that powers the magnetic flow meter.

16. A method of controlling a magnetic flowmeter, the method comprising:

receiving a flow of fluid through a tubing section of a flow tube assembly;

generating unfiltered current pulses at a first frequency using a power amplifier, each unfiltered current pulse being generated within a pulse period corresponding to the first frequency;

attenuating the unfiltered current pulse using a low pass filter of the power amplifier to form a coil current pulse of a second frequency, the coil current pulse forming a coil current, wherein the coil current pulse comprises a residual signal of the unfiltered current pulse;

driving the coil current pulses through the coil of the flow tube assembly in alternating directions;

in response to driving the coil current pulse through the coil, generating a magnetic field across the fluid flow and inducing an electromotive force, EMF, in the fluid flow proportional to the flow rate;

sampling a coil current pulse at a sampling point within each pulse period using a current sampling circuit, wherein a relationship between the sampling point and a residual signal of the unfiltered current pulse is unique for each sampling point; and

adjusting the coil current based on the current pulse samples using a controller.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein,

from each pulse period, the sampling point of each sample is at a sampling delay; and is

The method includes adjusting the sampling delay for each sample using the controller.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting the sampling delay of each sample comprises randomizing the sampling delay of each sample using the controller.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein adjusting the sampling delay of each sample comprises shifting the sampling delay of each sample using the controller.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein,

generating the unfiltered current pulse after a pulse delay from the beginning of each pulse period;

the sampling point of each sample is at a fixed sampling delay from the beginning of each pulse period; and the method includes adjusting the sampling delay of each current pulse using the controller.

Technical Field

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to magnetic flowmeters, and more particularly, to techniques for controlling magnetic fields used in flow rate measurements.

Background

Accurate and precise flow control is critical for a wide range of fluid processing applications including bulk fluid processing, food and beverage preparation, chemistry and pharmaceuticals, water and air distribution, hydrocarbon extraction and processing, environmental control, and a range of manufacturing techniques utilizing, for example, thermoplastics, films, glues, resins, and other fluid materials. The flow rate measurement technique used in each particular application depends on the fluid involved and the associated process pressure, temperature and flow rate.

Exemplary flow rate measurement techniques include turbine devices that measure flow from mechanical rotation, pitot tube (pitot) sensors and differential pressure devices that measure flow from the bernoulli effect or pressure drop across a flow restriction, vortex and Coriolis (Coriolis) devices that measure flow from the vibrational effect, and mass flowmeters that measure flow from thermal conductivity. Magnetic flowmeters differ from these technologies in that flow is characterized based on Faraday's Law, which depends on electromagnetic interactions rather than mechanical or thermodynamic effects. In particular, magnetic flowmeters rely on the conductivity of the process fluid, as well as the electromotive force (EMF) induced as the fluid flows through the magnetic field region.

A conventional magnetic flowmeter includes a sensor section and a transmitter section. The transmitter section includes a current generator that drives a current through the coil of the sensor section to generate a magnetic field through the pipe segment. The magnetic field induces an EMF or potential difference (voltage) across the flow that is proportional to the flow velocity. The magnetic flowmeter measures a flow rate based on the voltage difference detected by the sensor section.

The accuracy of the flow rate measurement depends on a number of factors, one of which is the accurate generation of a magnetic field across the flow. Operating the set point induces the current generator to generate a current that will produce a desired magnetic field across the current. The current may be periodically sampled to ensure that it matches the operating set point.

The current generator current may be transmitted from the current generator to the coil of the sensor part via a transmission line. In some cases, such as when the transmission line is long (e.g., 10-1000 feet), a mismatch between the transmission line characteristic impedance and the current generator and/or sensor sections may occur. This impedance mismatch can cause voltage/current wave reflections at the mismatched impedance, which can create current/voltage standing waves in the transmission line.

Such standing waves may adversely affect the accuracy of the current generator current samples. Thus, the sampled current generator current may not match the actual current generator current supplied to the coil of the sensor part. As a result, the current generator current and the corresponding magnetic field may not meet the desired operating parameters of the magnetic flowmeter for accurate flow rate measurements.

Disclosure of Invention

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a magnetic flow meter for measuring a flow rate of a fluid flow and a method of controlling the magnetic flow meter. In one embodiment, a magnetic flowmeter includes a flowtube assembly, an electromotive force (EMF) sensor, a power amplifier, a current sampling circuit, and a controller. The flow tube assembly includes a tube segment for containing the fluid flow and a coil for receiving a coil current and generating a magnetic field across the fluid flow that induces an EMF in the fluid flow that is proportional to the flow rate. The EMF sensor is arranged to sense the EMF and to generate an output indicative of the induced EMF. The power amplifier is used to generate unfiltered current pulses at a first frequency. The power amplifier includes a low pass filter that attenuates the unfiltered current pulses to form coil current pulses at a second frequency, the coil current pulses forming a coil current. The current sampling circuit is configured to capture a series of samples of the coil current pulse at a sampling frequency. The controller is configured to vary a relationship between the sampling frequency and the first frequency and adjust the coil current based on the sample.

Another embodiment of the magnetic flowmeter includes a flow tube assembly, an EMF sensor, a power amplifier, a current sampling circuit, and a controller. The flow tube assembly includes a tube segment for containing the fluid flow and a coil for receiving a coil current and generating a magnetic field across the fluid flow that induces an EMF in the fluid flow that is proportional to the flow rate. The EMF sensor is arranged to sense the EMF and to generate an output indicative of the induced EMF. The power amplifier is used to generate unfiltered current pulses at a first frequency. Each of the unfiltered current pulses is generated after a pulse delay from a beginning of a pulse period within the pulse period. The power amplifier includes a low pass filter that attenuates the unfiltered current pulses to form coil current pulses at a second frequency, the coil current pulses forming a coil current. The current sampling circuit is configured to capture a series of samples of the coil current pulse at a sampling frequency. The controller is to adjust the pulse delay to change a relationship between the sampling frequency and the unfiltered current pulse, and adjust the coil current based on the sample.

In one embodiment of the method, the fluid flow is contained by a tubing section of a flow tube assembly. An unfiltered current pulse at a first frequency is generated using a power amplifier. Each of the unfiltered current pulses is generated within a pulse period corresponding to the first frequency. Attenuating the unfiltered current pulse using a low pass filter of the power amplifier to form a coil current pulse at a second frequency, the coil current pulse forming a coil current. The coil current pulse comprises a residual signal (remnantsignal) of the unfiltered current pulse. The coil current pulses are driven through the coil of the flow tube assembly in alternating directions. A magnetic field is generated across the fluid flow that induces an EMF in the fluid flow that is proportional to the flow rate. One of the coil current pulses is sampled at a sampling point within each pulse period using a current sampling circuit. The relation between the sampling points and the residual signal of the unfiltered current pulse is unique for each sampling point. Adjusting the coil current based on the current pulse samples using a controller.

This summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the detailed description. This summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. The claimed subject matter is not limited to implementations that solve any or all disadvantages noted in the background section.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of an example industrial process measurement system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a simplified diagram of an example magnetic flowmeter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 and 4 are simplified diagrams of an example programmable bidirectional current generator, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating exemplary control signals from a controller to complementary switch pairs of an H-bridge according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7A and 7B are voltage diagrams illustrating exemplary high frequency unfiltered current pulses and corresponding coil current pulses, respectively, according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 7C and 7D are voltage graphs illustrating line voltages resulting after filtering the unfiltered current pulses of fig. 7A and 7B.

Fig. 7E is a graph of coil current pulses generated in response to the line voltages of fig. 7C and 7D.

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary magnetic flow meter, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 is a diagram showing an example of voltage/current wave reflection due to mismatch between the characteristic impedance of the transmission line and the impedance of the current generator and the coil.

Fig. 10 is a graph illustrating an exemplary voltage/current standing wave that may form due to mismatched impedances.

Fig. 11 is a graph illustrating an exemplary residual signal with respect to a coil current pulse according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 12 is a voltage diagram illustrating exemplary coil current pulses according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 13 is a voltage diagram illustrating an exemplary residual signal of a coil current and current signal sampling points synchronized with the residual signal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Fig. 14-16 are voltage graphs showing an exemplary residual signal on a coil current pulse and a current signal sampling point desynchronized (desynchronized) with the residual signal according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

Fig. 17 is a flow chart illustrating a method of controlling a magnetic flowmeter according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present disclosure are described more fully below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Elements identified with the same or similar reference numbers refer to the same or similar elements. The various embodiments of the disclosure may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the exemplary embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.

In the following description, specific details are given to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, circuits, systems, networks, processes, frames, supports, connectors, motors, processors, and other components may not be shown or shown in block diagram form in order not to obscure the embodiments in unnecessary detail.

Fig. 1 is a simplified diagram of an example industrial process measurement system 100, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The system 100 may be used to process materials (e.g., process media) to convert the materials from a lower value state to more valuable and useful products, such as petroleum, chemicals, paper, food, and the like. For example, the system 100 may be used in a refinery performing industrial processes that can process crude oil into gasoline, fuel oil, and other petrochemicals.

System 100 includes, for example, a pulsed Direct Current (DC) magnetic flowmeter 102 for sensing a flow rate of a process fluid flow 104, for example, through a pipe 106. Magnetic flowmeter 102 includes an electromotive force (EMF) sensor portion 108 and an emitter 110. The sensor portion 108 is generally used to measure or sense the flow rate of the fluid flow 104. The transmitter 110 is generally used to control the sensor to measure the flow rate, and optionally to communicate the measured flow rate to an external computing device 112, such as a computerized control unit, which external computing device 112 may be located remotely from the flow meter 102, such as in a control room 114 of the system 100.

Transmitter 110 may communicate with external computing device 112 over a suitable process control loop. In some embodiments, the process control loop includes a physical communication link, such as a two-wire control loop 116, or a wireless communication link. Communications between the external computing device 112 and the transmitter portion may be performed over the control loop 116 in accordance with conventional analog and/or digital communication protocols. In some embodiments, the two-wire control loop 116 includes a 4-20 mA control loop, wherein the process variable may be determined by a loop current I flowing through the two-wire control loop 116_LIs represented by the level of (c). Exemplary digital communication protocols include, for example, according toThe communication standard modulates a digital signal onto the analog current level of the two-wire control loop 116. Other purely digital technologies may also be employed, including Foundation Fieldbus (Foundation Fieldbus) and Profibus (Profibus) communication protocols. Exemplary wireless versions of process control loops include, for example, wireless mesh network protocols such as(IEC62591) Or ISA 100.11a (IEC 62734), or another wireless communication protocol, such as WiFi, LoRa, Sigfox, BLE, or any other suitable protocol.

Magnetic flowmeter 102 may be powered from any suitable power source. For example, magnetic flowmeter 102 may be completely powered by loop current I flowing through control loop 116_LAnd (5) supplying power. Process magnetic flowmeter 102 can also be powered using one or more power sources (e.g., internal or external batteries). A generator (e.g., solar panels, wind generators, etc.) may also be used to power magnetic flow meter 102 or to charge a power source used by magnetic flow meter 102.

The emitter 110 may be attached directly to the sensor portion 108, such as to a housing containing the sensor portion 108, or disposed remotely (e.g., 10-1000 feet) from the sensor portion 108. When the transmitter 110 is located remotely from the sensor portion 108, an electrical connection between the transmitter 110 and the sensor portion 108 may be provided by one or more connecting cables or transmission lines 118, which may be formed by cables, wires, a data bus, a control bus, or other suitable connections for electrical and data communication.

Fig. 2 is a simplified diagram of magnetic flowmeter 102, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The sensor portion 108 may include a flow tube assembly 120 having a tube segment 122 through which the fluid flow 104 travels, as shown in FIG. 1. Flowtube assembly 120 also includes an EMF sensor 123 having electrodes 124 (e.g., electrodes 124A and 124B), and flowtube assembly 120 includes one or more field or coil wires 126 (e.g., coils 126A and/or 126B). The electrodes 124A and 124B and coils 126A and 126B may be positioned on opposite sides of the spool piece 122 as shown in FIG. 2.

Digital processor 130 may represent one or more processors that control components of magnetic flow meter 102 in response to execution of instructions, which may be stored in a non-transitory, proprietary memory, to perform one or more functions described herein. In some embodiments, the digital processor 130 provides a control signal to the current generator 132 to generate the coil current I based on an operating set point of the magnetic flow meter 102_CCurrent of the coil I_CInvolving alternating the direction of passage through the coil 126DC square wave current pulses.

In some embodiments, the current generator 132 includes a controller 140, a power amplifier 142, and a profile generator 144. The controller 140 may represent one or more processors that control the components of the power amplifier 142 to perform one or more functions described herein, e.g., in response to control signals from the digital processor 130 and/or in response to execution of instructions, which may be stored in a non-transitory, proprietary memory represented by the controller 140.

Controller 140 may periodically receive coil current I from current sampling circuit 143_CAs feedback to determine whether coil current I needs to be adjusted_CTo match the set point level of magnetic flowmeter 102, which is necessary for accurate flow rate measurements. Current sampling circuit 143 may take any suitable form. For example, the current sampling circuit 143 may operate, for example, at the location shown in fig. 2 to sense and coil current I_CThe associated voltage and using an analog-to-digital converter converts the sampled voltage to a digital signal that is provided to the controller 140, for example, as a measured current level. The controller 140 may adjust the coil current I based on the measured current level_CIn an attempt to reduce the coil current I_CMatches a set point current level dictated by an operational set point of magnetic flowmeter 102. The change in sampled voltage over time may also be used to form the coil current I described herein_COr a map of the current distribution of the coil current pulses.

Fig. 3 and 4 are simplified diagrams of an exemplary power amplifier 142 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. The power amplifier 142 may be in the form of a voltage controlled current source or another suitable current source. In the illustrated example, the power amplifier 142 includes a power supply 145, an H-bridge 146, and a Low Pass Filter (LPF) 148. The H-bridge is used to receive an unfiltered current I from a power supply 145 (e.g., a voltage source)_PSThe unfiltered current I_PSTravel in the direction shown in fig. 3 and 4. In some embodiments, the H-bridge 146 includes a pair of complementary switches 156, the complementary switches 156 including an onSwitch 156A and its complementary switch 156A ', and switch 156B and its complementary switch 156B'. The complementary nature of the switch pairs 156A and 156A ' means that when the switch 156A is open, the switch 156A ' is closed, and when the switch 156A is closed, the switch 156A ' is open. This also applies to the complementary switches 156B and 156B'.

The controller 140 may include a microprocessor and a gate driver that controls the switch pairs 156A and 156A 'and 156B' to slave the current I_PSHigh frequency (e.g., 10-100 kHz) current pulses are generated which are delivered to the LPF 148 via conductors 157 or 159. A Low Pass Filter (LPF)148 operates to attenuate high frequency current pulses from the H-bridge 146 that are output on conductors 157 or 159 to form low frequency (e.g., 5-200 Hz) coil current pulses that form the coil current I_C。

The controller 140 controls the filtered coil current I by modulating the duty cycle of the switch 156_CThe direction of flow through the coil 126. For example, fig. 5 and 6 are graphs showing exemplary control signals from controller 140 to switch 156 that cause coil current I_CFlow in the directions shown in fig. 4 and 3, respectively. The high (high) signal in the figure corresponds to the closed state of the switch 156, and the low (low) signal in the figure corresponds to the open state. As shown in fig. 5, the duty cycle of switch 156A is less than the duty cycle of switch 156B. As a result, the duty cycle of switch 156A 'is greater than the duty cycle of switch 156B'. This causes the average voltage in line 159 to be greater than the average voltage in line 157, resulting in coil current I_CFlowing in the direction shown in fig. 4. In fig. 6, the duty cycle of switch 156A is greater than the duty cycle of switch 156B, and the duty cycle of switch 156A 'is less than the duty cycle of switch 156B'. This causes the average voltage in line 157 to be greater than the average voltage in line 159, resulting in coil current I_CFlowing in the direction shown in fig. 3. This configuration differs from the conventional power amplifier of magnetic flowmeter 102, which simply routes current from a power source through the coils of the flow tube assembly in alternating directions using an H-bridge.

FIGS. 7A and 7B are diagrams illustrating a method according to the present disclosureVoltage maps of exemplary high frequency current pulses 160 (e.g., pulses 160A and 160B) output from H-bridge 146 on line 157 with voltage Vpa (fig. 7A) and on line 159 with voltage Vpb (fig. 7B) before LPF 148 of the embodiments. For example, a series of voltage pulses 160A from H-bridge 146 on line 157 having a period of Tp and a corresponding frequency of 1/Tp (e.g., 10-100 kHz) during a pulse or excitation period T1 may each have a pulse width W_LAs shown in fig. 7A. At coil current I_CDuring the redirected pulse period T1, pulse 160A has an average voltage V_L. Likewise, a series of high frequency voltage pulses 160B on line 157 from H-bridge 146 during pulse period T2 may each have a pulse width W_HAs shown in fig. 7B. During period T2, average voltage pulse 160B has an average voltage V_H. Line 159 from H-bridge 146 has pulse 160B during pulse period T1 and pulse 160A during pulse period T2, these pulses 160B and 160A being complementary to the pulses on line 157 during the same period, as shown in fig. 7B.

Fig. 7C and 7D show voltages Va and Vb (fig. 2, 3 and 4) after LPF 148, LPF 148 attenuating high frequency pulses 136A and 136B on lines 157 and 159. Voltages Va and Vb determine the forming coil current I_CThe direction and magnitude of the coil current pulse. For example, during pulse period T1, voltage Va is less than voltage Vb. This causes the coil current I_CFlowing in the direction shown in fig. 4. During period T2, voltage Va is greater than voltage Vb, resulting in coil current I_CFlow in the direction shown in fig. 2 and 3.

Fig. 7E is a voltage diagram showing coil current pulse voltages (such as voltages sampled by the current sampling circuit 143) within periods T1 and T2. As shown in fig. 7E, the voltage of the coil current pulse P1 in the period T1 is negative, and the voltage of the coil current pulse P2 in the period T2 is positive.

Coil current I_CThe excitation coils 126A and 126B are delivered to the flow tube 120 by suitable electrical connections, such as the transmission line 118 shown in fig. 1 and 2. This causes coils 126A and/or 126B to generate a magnetic field on spool piece 122 that varies at the excitation frequency (e.g., 1/T)And (4) direction. The process fluid flow 104 through the interior of the spool piece 122 acts as a moving conductor that induces an EMF in the fluid according to faraday's law of electromagnetic induction. Electrodes 124A and 124B, which are capacitively coupled to the conductive process fluid or are in direct electrical contact with the process fluid, pick up the voltage present in fluid stream 104. The voltage difference at electrodes 124A and 124B is proportional to the velocity of fluid flow 104.

The signal processor 128 of the transmitter 110 is connected to the electrodes 124A and 124B. The flow tube assembly 120 can be electrically grounded to the tube segment 122, to a flange or tube segment upstream or downstream of the tube segment 122, or to another suitable ground connection. The digital processor 130 controls the signal processor 128 to sample the voltage difference between the electrodes 124A and 124B using any suitable technique and provides the measured voltage difference to the digital processor 130. This may involve, for example, converting the analog differential voltage signal to digital values that are provided to the digital processor 130. The digital processor 130 may perform further signal processing on the measured differential voltages to establish a flow rate measurement of the flow rate of the process fluid stream 104. The measured flow rate may be communicated to the computing device 112 using the communication interface 134, such as through one of the wired or wireless communication protocols discussed above.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the power amplifier 142 of the transmitter 110, the coil 126 of the sensor section 108, and the transmission line 118 connecting the power amplifier 142 to the coil 126. The power amplifier 142 is composed of a current source 149 and an impedance Z_SOne or more of the coils 126 is represented by an impedance Z_CAnd the transmission line 118 has a characteristic impedance Z₀. When impedance Z of the current generator_SAnd/or impedance Z of the coil_CAnd the characteristic impedance Z of the transmission line₀When not matched, coil current I may occur_CIs reflected. This impedance mismatch is most likely to occur when the sensor section 108 is connected to the transmitter 110 by a long transmission line 118 (e.g., 10-1000 feet).

The LPF 148 cannot completely attenuate the high frequency or unfiltered pulses 160 (fig. 7A and 7B). As a result, the remainder of the unfiltered pulse 160 passes through the LPF 148 and appears at the coil current I_CThe top of the coil current pulse P (or its harmonics). ResultsCoil current I occurring in the case of the above-mentioned impedance mismatch_CIncluding reflections of high frequency residual portions of the unfiltered pulse 160, which may result in standing waves of voltage/current wave reflections along the transmission line 118.

FIG. 9 is a graph showing the characteristic impedance Z due to the transmission line 118₀And the impedance Z of the current generator 132_SAnd the impedance Z of the one or more coils 126_CMismatch between, the residue signal 162 of the unfiltered pulse 160 at the coil current I, which is not attenuated by the LPF 148_CGraph of an example of voltage/current wave reflection on. FIG. 10 includes a diagram illustrating a simplified example of the formation of a voltage/current standing wave that may form due to mismatched impedances.

As shown in FIG. 9, when the residual signal 162 is transmitted from the transmission line 118 and the interface 164 of the power amplifier 142 to the coil 126, due to the impedance Z at the interface 166₀And Z_CA portion of the signal 162 is reflected back along the transmission line 118 from the interface 166 of the transmission line 118 and the coil 126 as a reflected voltage signal 162A. Due to impedance Z at interface 164₀And Z_CA portion of the signal 162A is reflected back along the transmission line 118 as the voltage signal 162B. The resulting standing wave signal 168 can be observed along the transmission line 118 as a "ringing" and the resulting standing wave signal 168 includes peaks 170 and valleys 172, as shown in fig. 10. As a result, the coil current I_CMay include a high frequency voltage signal having a form similar to that of the residual wave signal 168, as shown in fig. 11. These residual wave signals 168 are formed at the top of the coil current pulses P as shown in the diagram in fig. 12.

In some embodiments, the controller 140 causes the coil current I_CIs synchronized with the pulse period Tp or update cycle of the controller 140 employed to operate the switches 156 of the H-bridge and generate the pulses 160. This results in a fixed interval between the residual wave signal 168 and the sampling point at which the current sampling circuit 143 measures the coil current I_CThe pulse P samples. Forming a residual wave signal 168 on the coil current pulse P upon reflection of a standing current/voltage wave in the transmission line 118 due to mismatched impedanceIn this case, as shown in fig. 12, synchronization between the signal 168 and the sampling point may result in the sampling point being at the same location of the signal 168.

An example of this is shown in fig. 13, where current sampling circuit 143 is positioned relative to the beginning of each current pulse 160 or each pulse period Tp of residual wave signal 168 to fix the sampling delay t_SCurrent I to coil at sampling point 174_CSampling is performed. In the illustrated example, sampling the coil current pulses P in this manner results in the sampling point 174 being located at a trough of the residual wave signal 168, but it may also occur at another location along each signal 168, such as at a peak. Thus, each of the sampled coil current levels may be offset from the actual average current level 176 by an offset 178.

Coil current I_CMay cause the controller 140 to adjust the coil current I_CSet to a level offset from the desired level as directed by digital processor 130 according to the operational set point of magnetic flowmeter 102. As a result, the magnetic field generated by the coil 126 in response to the offset coil current will be different than that required to be directed by the operating set point and accurately measure the flow rate of the fluid flow 104. Thus, the measured voltage difference between electrodes 124A and 124B may not accurately indicate the flow rate of fluid flow 104.

Embodiments of the present disclosure operate to improve coil current I_CMeasurement, for example, in the presence of a standing residual wave signal 168 due to the impedance mismatch described above, is used to improve flow rate measurement accuracy. In general, the controller 140 of the current generator 132 is used to vary the relationship (e.g., desynchronize) between the pulses 160 output from the H-bridge 146 having a period Tp or a frequency 1/Tp and the sampling point 174 at which the coil current pulses P are sampled by the sampling circuit 143. As a result, sampling circuit 143 samples different portions of signal 168, rather than the same portion of pulse 136 (FIG. 13) that occurs when sampling point 174 is synchronized with period Tp or frequency 1/Tp.

The plurality of sampled voltages of each coil current pulse P may be used to establish an average voltage level of the coil current pulses P, the average voltage levelThe voltage level more accurately represents the coil current I provided to the one or more coils 126_CThe actual level 176. As a result, current generator 132 can more accurately set the coil current pulses P to the voltage level required for the operational set point of magnetic flowmeter 102, thereby providing improved control of the magnetic field generated by coil 126 and more accurate flow rate measurements.

Different techniques for changing the relationship or desynchronizing the sampling point 174 with the residual signal 168 will be discussed with reference to fig. 14-16, which are diagrams illustrating portions of an exemplary coil current pulse P of the residual signal 168 including the unfiltered current pulse 160. In some embodiments, the relationship or desynchronization between the residual signal 168 and the sampling point 174 may be changed by introducing a phase shift or delay to the sampling point 174 relative to the residual signal 168. For example, when the residual signal 168 is generated at the beginning of each pulse period Tp and has a pulse frequency (1/Tp), the controller 140 may change the sampling delay t of each sampling point 174 measured from the beginning of each pulse period Tp_S. Sample delay t_SCan vary from zero delay to the pulse period Tp. Thus, the coil current pulse PPulse may be delayed by a sample delay t from the beginning of the pulse period_S1Is sampled at a sampling point 174, the second sampling point 174 may be delayed by a sampling delay t from the next pulse period Tp_S2The third sampling point 174 may be delayed by a sampling delay t from the next pulse period Tp_S3And the fourth sampling point 174 may be delayed from the next pulse period Tp by the sampling delay t_S4And so on, with delay t_S1、t_S2、t_S3And t_S4Each different as shown in fig. 14 and 15. This results in a corresponding sampling delay t_S1To t_S4Is sampled by the sampling circuit 143 and used by the controller 140 to determine a coil current level measurement. As a result, repeated sampling of the coil current pulse P in the peak or trough of the residual pulse 168 is avoided and the error in the average (dashed line) of the current samples approaches zero over time.

In one embodiment, the controller 140 cycles through a series of unfiltered current pulsesDelaying the sampling by t within the loop Tp_SRandomization, as generally shown in fig. 14. Alternatively, the sampling delay may be programmed such that the sampling points 174 are positioned at discrete intervals along the pulse period Tp to effectively perform a controlled sweep (sweep) within the pulse period Tp of the residual signal 168, as shown in fig. 15. Here, the sampling delay t_S1To t_S4May each be offset by a predetermined period that allows sampling circuit 143 to sample a portion or all of pulse period T. This may result in a more accurate coil current level measurement than when the sampling points 174 are randomized.

According to another embodiment, the phase shift or pulse delay t is introduced into the generation of the current pulse 160 by starting from the start of the pulse period Tp_PWhile at the same time fixing the sampling delay T from the beginning of each current pulse period T_SA fixed sampling frequency is maintained to desynchronize the relationship between the residual signal 168 or unfiltered current pulse 160 and the sampling point 174. An example of this technique is shown in the diagram of fig. 16, where the shown residual signals 168 correspond to different pulse delays t starting from the respective pulse periods Tp_P(such as t)_P1、t_P2And t_P3) The post-generated unfiltered current pulse 160 with a sample delay t_SAnd keeping fixed. This results in each sampling point 174 corresponding to a different portion of the current pulse 136 over a series of current pulses 136. As a result, oversampling of the residual signal 168 within the peaks or valleys is avoided and the coil current I may be more accurately reflected_CIs obtained over a time period of the average level 176 of the samples. Thus, using this technique, the error in the coil current level measurement is close to zero.

Fig. 17 is a flow chart illustrating a method of controlling magnetic flowmeter 102 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. At 190 of the method, a fluid flow 104 is received through a tube segment 122 of a flow tube assembly 120, as shown in FIG. 1. The unfiltered current pulses 160 (fig. 7A and 7B) are generated at 192 using the power amplifier 142 of the current generator 132, as described above. Unfiltered current pulses 160 are generated at a high frequency (e.g., 10-100 kHz), and each pulse 160 is generated within a pulse period Tp (FIGS. 7A and 7B).At 194, the unfiltered current pulse 160 is attenuated (fig. 3 and 4) using the LPF 148 of the power amplifier 142 to form a coil current I_CThe coil current pulse P (fig. 7E and 12). The coil current pulses P comprise a residual signal 168 of the unfiltered current pulses 160 that is not completely attenuated by the LPF 148, as shown in fig. 12.

At 196 of the method, coil current pulses P are driven in alternating directions through one or more coils 126. The formation of positive and negative coil current pulses P traveling in alternating directions through the one or more coils 126 may be generated by the current generator 132 using the techniques described above (fig. 7E).

At 198 of the method, a magnetic field is generated across the fluid flow 104 within the spool piece 122 in response to step 186, and an EMF is induced in the fluid flow 104 that is proportional to the flow rate of the fluid flow 104.

At 200 of the method, one of the coil current pulses P is sampled at sampling point 147 during each pulse period Tp using current sampling circuit 143. In accordance with one of the techniques described above, the controller 140 is used to desynchronize the relationship between the sampling point 174 and the corresponding current pulse such that the sampling point 174 has a unique relationship with the residual signal 168. As a result, the sample point 174 is not synchronized with the residual signal 168, as shown in fig. 12. Thus, the method avoids oversampling of the residual signal 168 at the same location, e.g., at a peak 170 or a trough 172 of the residual signal (fig. 11).

At 202, the coil current I is adjusted based on the sample using the controller 140_CTo match the operational set point of magnetic flowmeter 102. For example, the controller 140 may determine a coil current level measurement (such as the voltage of the coil current pulse P) based on samples of the coil current pulse P acquired by the sampling circuit 143 (such as an average of voltage levels indicated by the samples). Unlike when the sampling points 174 are synchronized with the residual signal 168 (fig. 13), the current samples captured according to this method cover various portions of the residual signal 168. The resulting average of the samples provides the coil current I_CIs determined, which is more accurate than when the residual signal 168 is repeatedly sampled at the same peak or trough of the residual signal 168. The controller 140 may control the coilsThe current level measurement is compared to a desired coil current level based on the operational set point of magnetic flowmeter 102 and the coil current is adjusted accordingly in step 202.

Although embodiments of the present disclosure have been described with reference to preferred embodiments, workers skilled in the art will recognize that changes may be made in form and detail without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure.