阅读说明：本技术 一种基于海水的二氧化碳分解制氢发电新型综合系统 (Novel comprehensive system for hydrogen production and power generation through carbon dioxide decomposition based on seawater ) 是由 姚辉超 穆祥宇 侯建国 王秀林 隋依言 宋鹏飞 张瑜 侯海龙 王斯 于 2020-07-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种基于海水的二氧化碳分解制氢发电新型综合系统。所述系统包括海水制氯化钠系统、电解池系统、电池系统和二氧化碳供应系统；富含氯化钠的海水输入海水制氯化钠系统中,经处理后的固体氯化钠输入电极池系统中进行电解；电解池系统电解产生的金属钠输入至电池系统中,作为电池系统的负极材料；电解池系统电解产生的氯气排放；二氧化碳供应系统向电池系统的正极室内通入富含二氧化碳的气体,电池系统的正极室产生氢气；电力供应系统向电池系统供电。本发明采用电化学的手段设计二氧化碳分解制氢发电系统,以海水和二氧化碳为原料,利用风力发电、太阳能发电、潮汐能发电、水力发电等可再生能源发电或余的电力,连续生产电能、氯气和氢气。(The invention discloses a novel comprehensive system for power generation by decomposing carbon dioxide to produce hydrogen based on seawater. The system comprises a seawater sodium chloride preparation system, an electrolytic cell system, a battery system and a carbon dioxide supply system; inputting the seawater rich in sodium chloride into a seawater sodium chloride preparation system, and inputting the treated solid sodium chloride into an electrode pool system for electrolysis; inputting metal sodium generated by electrolysis in the electrolytic cell system into the battery system to serve as a negative electrode material of the battery system; discharging chlorine generated by electrolysis in the electrolytic cell system; the carbon dioxide supply system introduces gas rich in carbon dioxide into the positive electrode chamber of the battery system, and the positive electrode chamber of the battery system generates hydrogen; the power supply system supplies power to the battery system. The invention designs a carbon dioxide decomposition hydrogen production power generation system by adopting an electrochemical means, takes seawater and carbon dioxide as raw materials, and utilizes renewable energy sources such as wind power generation, solar power generation, tidal power generation, hydroelectric power generation and the like to generate electricity or residual electricity to continuously produce electric energy, chlorine and hydrogen.)

1. A novel seawater-based comprehensive system for power generation by decomposing carbon dioxide to produce hydrogen comprises a seawater sodium chloride system, an electrolytic cell system, a battery system and a carbon dioxide supply system;

inputting the seawater rich in sodium chloride into the seawater sodium chloride preparation system, and inputting the solid sodium chloride treated by the seawater sodium chloride preparation system into the electrode pool system for electrolysis;

metallic sodium generated by electrolysis in the electrolytic cell system is input into the battery system and is used as a negative electrode material of the battery system; discharging chlorine generated by electrolysis in the electrolytic cell system;

the carbon dioxide supply system is used for introducing gas rich in carbon dioxide into the positive electrode chamber of the battery system, and the positive electrode chamber of the battery system generates hydrogen;

The power supply system supplies power to the battery system.

2. The novel integrated system for hydrogen production and power generation through carbon dioxide decomposition according to claim 1, characterized in that: the positive electrode material adopted by the battery system is noble metal/carbon;

the conductive medium in the positive electrode chamber of the battery system is water or purified seawater, and the conductive medium in the negative electrode chamber is a non-water-based conductive organic solution;

the positive and negative chambers are separated by a selectively conductive separator that allows only sodium ions from the negative chamber to enter the positive chamber.

3. The novel integrated system for hydrogen production and power generation through carbon dioxide decomposition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the battery system supplies power to the electrolytic cell system.

4. The novel integrated system for carbon dioxide decomposition hydrogen production and power generation according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the system for preparing sodium chloride from seawater comprises a purification system for removing impurities, a sodium chloride purification system and a drying system which are sequentially connected.

5. The novel integrated system for carbon dioxide decomposition hydrogen production and power generation according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the power of the power supply system is derived from surplus power or renewable energy power generation;

The power supply system has the functions of integrating power input and dispatching power output.

6. The novel integrated system for hydrogen production and power generation through carbon dioxide decomposition according to claim 5, characterized in that: the surplus power includes, but is not limited to, fossil-energy power generation, nuclear power generation, and renewable-energy power generation;

the renewable energy power generation includes, but is not limited to, wind power generation, solar power generation, tidal power generation, and hydroelectric power generation.

7. The novel integrated system for carbon dioxide decomposition hydrogen production and power generation according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: the carbon dioxide rich gas is industrially captured carbon dioxide, carbon-rich natural gas or other carbon dioxide rich gas.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a novel comprehensive system for power generation by decomposing carbon dioxide to produce hydrogen based on seawater.

Background

Carbon dioxide is one of the greatest causes of global warming. Because carbon dioxide has the function of keeping warm, the temperature of the earth surface is gradually increased. In the last 100 years, the global temperature rises by 0.6 ℃, and as such, the global temperature is expected to rise by 1.5-4.5 ℃ by the middle of the 21 st century. The rise of sea level caused by greenhouse effect also has great influence on the living environment of human beings. The ice cubes of the bipolar ocean will also melt completely. All these changes were no different from a disaster of extinction for wild animals. By 2013, 5 months, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the earth's atmosphere has exceeded 400ppm (400 parts per million). The rate of increase in concentration between 2000 and 2009 is 2.0ppm per year and accelerates year by year. The concentration at present is much higher than the 280ppm concentration before industrialization, and human factors are the main reasons for the sharp rise of the carbon dioxide concentration. Of the released carbon dioxide, 57% enters the atmosphere and the remainder enters the ocean, causing acidification of the ocean.

The existing power grid system is difficult to meet the requirement of large-scale grid-connected consumption of renewable energy, and the problems of wind abandoning, water abandoning and light abandoning in partial areas caused by power grid constraint are serious. The electricity and light abandonment in 2018 is about 691 hundred million kilowatt hours, 277 million kilowatt hours and 54.9 million kilowatt hours. In addition, the substitution cost of replacing coal with gas and replacing coal with electricity is high, the optimal configuration of clean energy sources in the whole country is hindered, the conditions of heavy construction and light utilization are prominent, the supply and the demand are unbalanced and uncoordinated, and the proportion of renewable energy sources in primary energy consumption is still lower compared with the proportion of the renewable energy sources in advanced countries.

Among all the energy sources known at present, hydrogen energy is the cleanest energy source, and the product in the use process of hydrogen gas is water, so that zero emission and no pollution can be really realized, the hydrogen energy is regarded as one of the most promising energy sources, and is also regarded as the ultimate form of energy source use by some people. The electric energy converted from photovoltaic power, wind power and water power is very fragile as an invisible and untouchable energy medium, and the storage and transportation of the electric energy are more difficult to realize than the actual fossil fuel. The conversion of uncontrollable electrical energy into a chemical energy carrier that is as easy to store and transport as fossil fuels is an urgent need. The hydrogen energy is regarded as an optimal way, and can be produced by renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like, and carbon dioxide is not generated when the hydrogen energy is used. As long as the technical difficulties of storage conditions and transportation are solved, the hydrogen energy can be conveniently and efficiently converted into heat energy or electric energy.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a novel comprehensive system for generating power by decomposing carbon dioxide to produce hydrogen based on seawater, which is designed by adopting an electrochemical means.

The novel seawater-based comprehensive system for the power generation by decomposing carbon dioxide to produce hydrogen comprises a seawater sodium chloride system, an electrolytic cell system, a battery system and a carbon dioxide supply system;

inputting the seawater rich in sodium chloride into the seawater sodium chloride preparation system, and inputting the solid sodium chloride treated by the seawater sodium chloride preparation system into the electrode pool system for electrolysis;

metallic sodium generated by electrolysis in the electrolytic cell system is input into the battery system and is used as a negative electrode material of the battery system; discharging chlorine generated by electrolysis in the electrolytic cell system;

the carbon dioxide supply system is used for introducing gas rich in carbon dioxide into the positive electrode chamber of the battery system, and the positive electrode chamber of the battery system generates hydrogen;

the power supply system supplies power to the battery system.

The anode material adopted by the battery system can be noble metal/carbon, such as Pt/carbon or Pd/carbon;

the conductive medium in the positive electrode chamber of the battery system is water or purified seawater, and the conductive medium in the negative electrode chamber is a non-water-based conductive organic solution, and specifically includes but is not limited to an alcohol ether sulfonate solution of sodium;

a negative electrode (metal sodium) is immersed in the non-water-based conductive organic solution, and a positive electrode (noble metal/carbon) is immersed in the aqueous solution or purified seawater;

The positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber are separated by a selective conductive separator plate, the conductive separator plate only allows sodium ions to enter the positive electrode chamber from the negative electrode chamber, and non-water-based conductive organic solution molecules and other ions and molecules in aqueous solution cannot pass through the conductive separator plate.

The process of the battery system for generating hydrogen is as follows: the carbon dioxide supply system feeds a gas rich in carbon dioxide into the positive electrode chamber of the battery system, and the carbon dioxide is dissolved in the aqueous solution to reach the dissolution balance (CO)₂+H₂O) decomposition to H⁺And HCO₃ ^-. Electrons from the anode enter the aqueous solution, the electrons and H⁺The ions combine at the catalyst to form hydrogen atoms and hence hydrogen molecules, which are separated from the cell solution. In the battery system, carbon dioxide is continuously introduced along with the consumption of the cathode metal sodiumUntil dissolved, and hydrogen gas is obtained.

Wherein the battery system supplies power to the electrolytic cell system for electrolysis of molten sodium chloride.

The system for preparing the sodium chloride from the seawater comprises a purification system for removing impurities, a sodium chloride purification system and a drying system which are sequentially connected;

the sodium chloride purification system improves the purity of sodium chloride by a physical or chemical method;

The drying system is used for removing moisture of sodium chloride;

the mass fraction of the sodium chloride treated by the seawater sodium chloride preparation system is more than 70 percent.

Wherein the power of the power supply system is derived from surplus power or renewable energy power generation;

the power supply system has the functions of integrating power input and allocating power output;

the surplus power includes, but is not limited to, fossil-energy power generation, nuclear power generation, and renewable-energy power generation;

the renewable energy power generation includes, but is not limited to, wind power generation, solar power generation, tidal power generation, and hydroelectric power generation.

Wherein the gas rich in carbon dioxide is industrially captured carbon dioxide, carbon-rich natural gas or other gas rich in carbon dioxide.

Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the system takes seawater and carbon dioxide as raw materials, and utilizes renewable energy sources such as wind power, solar energy, tidal energy, hydroelectric power generation and the like to generate electricity or residual electricity to continuously produce electric energy, chlorine and hydrogen; the storage difficulty of the surplus electric power is high, the electric energy can be converted into chemical energy through the method, the storage and the utilization are facilitated, and the problem of carbon emission is solved.

2. The seawater sodium chloride preparation system is provided with a seawater sodium chloride preparation system, seawater rich in sodium chloride is fully utilized as a raw material, and purified, purified and dried to prepare relatively pure sodium chloride solid, so that the seawater is rich in seawater resources, and a new thought is provided for seawater utilization.

3. Because the power supply system is arranged, the power required by the electrolytic cell system fully utilizes renewable energy sources to generate power or surplus power on one hand, and can also utilize the electric energy generated by the battery system in the system on the other hand, thereby realizing energy recycling and improving the energy utilization rate of the process system.

4. The battery system of the invention has a unique design of a conductive medium, the conductive medium consists of two independent solutions, namely a non-water-based conductive organic solution and an aqueous solution (or purified seawater), and the two conductive media consist of one conductive medium which only allows sodium ions (Na)⁺) Separated by a selectively conductive spacer.

5. The positive electrode of the battery system is a composite electrode material consisting of (including but not limited to) noble metal (Pt, Pd and the like)/carbon, can efficiently conduct electricity and simultaneously catalyze hydrogen ions (H)⁺) The electrons are obtained and finally hydrogen is generated.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a novel integrated system for hydrogen production and power generation by carbon dioxide decomposition based on seawater according to the present invention.

The respective symbols in the figure are as follows:

1 a seawater sodium chloride system, 2 an electrolytic cell system, 3 a battery system, 4 a carbon dioxide supply system and 5 an electric power supply system.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, the novel integrated system for hydrogen production and power generation by decomposing carbon dioxide based on seawater provided by the invention comprises a seawater sodium chloride production system 1, an electrolytic cell system 2, a battery system 3 and a carbon dioxide supply system 4.

Wherein, the seawater rich in sodium chloride is input into a seawater sodium chloride preparation system 1, and the solid sodium chloride treated by the seawater sodium chloride preparation system 1 is input into an electrode pool system 2 for electrolysis. The seawater sodium chloride preparation system 1 comprises a purification system for removing impurities, a sodium chloride purification system and a drying system which are sequentially connected, wherein the sodium chloride purification system improves the purity of sodium chloride by a physical or chemical method, the drying system is used for removing moisture of sodium chloride, and the mass fraction of the sodium chloride treated by the seawater sodium chloride preparation system is more than 70%.

Inputting the metal sodium generated by the electrolysis of the electrolytic cell system 2 into the battery system 3 to be used as a negative electrode material of the battery system 3, and discharging chlorine generated by the electrolysis of the electrolytic cell system 2; the battery system 3 supplies power to the electrolytic cell system 2 for electrolysis of the molten sodium chloride.

The carbon dioxide supply system 4 feeds gas rich in carbon dioxide into the anode chamber of the battery system 3, the power supply system 5 supplies power to the battery system 3, the anode material adopted by the battery system 3 can be precious metal/carbon, such as Pt/carbon or Pd/carbon, etc., the conductive medium in the anode chamber is water or purified seawater, and the conductive medium in the cathode chamber is a non-water-based conductive organic solution, specifically a sodium alcohol ether sulfonate solution; the negative electrode (metal sodium) is soaked in the non-water-based conductive organic solution, the positive electrode (noble metal/carbon) is soaked in the aqueous solution or purified seawater, the positive electrode chamber and the negative electrode chamber are separated by a selective conductive separator, the conductive separator only allows sodium ions to enter the positive electrode chamber from the negative electrode chamber, and non-water-based conductive organic solution molecules and other ions and molecules in the aqueous solution cannot pass through the conductive separator. The positive chamber of the battery system produces hydrogen gas.

In the present invention, the power of the power supply system 5 is generated by surplus power or renewable energy, and the power supply system 5 has the functions of integrating power input and allocating power output; surplus power includes, but is not limited to, fossil-powered electricity generation, nuclear power generation, and renewable-powered electricity generation; renewable energy power generation includes, but is not limited to, wind power generation, solar power generation, tidal power generation, and hydroelectric power generation; the carbon dioxide rich gas is industrially captured carbon dioxide, carbon-rich natural gas or other carbon dioxide rich gas.

The working process of the novel comprehensive system for the power generation by decomposing the carbon dioxide to produce the hydrogen based on the seawater comprises the following steps:

seawater (or a water source rich in sodium chloride) is taken as a raw material and enters a seawater sodium chloride preparation system 1, and firstly, the seawater is purified (mainly removing solid impurities, sulfur-containing impurities and the like), purified (improving the purity of sodium chloride by a physical or chemical method) and dried (removing the moisture of the sodium chloride) to prepare relatively pure sodium chloride solid (the mass fraction of the sodium chloride is more than 70 percent), and then the relatively pure sodium chloride solid enters an electrolytic melting sodium chloride system. The external power such as renewable energy power generation or surplus power generated by wind power generation, solar power generation, tidal power generation, hydroelectric power generation and the like, and the internal power generated by the battery system 3 in the system are integrated and regulated by the power supply system 5 to provide power for the electrolytic cell. In the electrolytic cell system 2, molten sodium chloride is electrolyzed to prepare metal sodium and chlorine, the metal sodium is separated from the system and then used as a negative electrode material of the battery system, and the chlorine generated by electrolysis is separated from the electrolytic cell as a product.

In the battery system 3, the negative electrode metal sodium loses electrons in the non-water-based conductive organic solution to generate sodium ions (Na)⁺) Sodium ion (Na)⁺) The non-water-based conductive organic solution enters the aqueous solution to realize circuit communication; introducing gas rich in carbon dioxide into the bottom of the positive electrode side conductive solution, and dissolving carbon dioxide in the aqueous solution to reach the dissolution balance (CO) ₂+H₂O) decomposition to H⁺And HCO^3-. Electrons from the positive electrode of the cell enter the aqueous solution, the electrons and H⁺The ions combine in the catalyst to produce hydrogen atoms and hence hydrogen molecules, which are separated from the cell solution. In the battery system 3, carbon dioxide is introduced and dissolved continuously along with the consumption of the metal sodium of the negative electrode, and hydrogen is obtained, and meanwhile, the battery system 3 can supply power to an electrolysis system and is used for electrolysis of molten sodium chloride.