Reactive torque automatic balancing device for screw drill, drilling pipe string and method
阅读说明:本技术 用于螺杆钻具的反扭矩自动平衡装置、钻井管串和方法 (Reactive torque automatic balancing device for screw drill, drilling pipe string and method ) 是由 郑德帅 李梦刚 牛成成 赵向阳 于玲玲 于 2020-04-15 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明提出了一种用于螺杆钻具的反扭转自动平衡、钻井管串和方法,装置包括上接头;芯筒,芯筒的内腔与处于下游的螺杆钻具连通,使得来自上接头的内腔的钻井液能通过芯筒的内腔流向螺杆钻具而使螺杆钻具进行钻进;固定设置在芯筒的下端的下接头;设置在芯筒的外壁和上接头的内壁之间的自动平衡组件,自动平衡组件由流经上接头的内腔中的钻井液的一部分产生的液压力驱动,其中,当钻井液排量等于第一预定值时,上接头与芯筒之间产生摩擦扭矩与螺杆钻具的外壳上产生的反扭矩大小相等以进行定向钻进,当钻井液排量高于第一预定值时,上接头与芯筒之间产生摩擦扭矩大于螺杆钻具的外壳上产生的反扭矩,使得芯筒带动螺杆钻具的外壳旋转以进行复合钻进。(The invention provides a reverse-torsion automatic balancing, well drilling pipe string and a method for a screw drill, wherein the device comprises an upper joint; the inner cavity of the core barrel is communicated with the downstream screw drill tool, so that the drilling fluid from the inner cavity of the upper joint can flow to the screw drill tool through the inner cavity of the core barrel to enable the screw drill tool to drill; the lower joint is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the core barrel; the automatic balance assembly is arranged between the outer wall of the core barrel and the inner wall of the upper joint and is driven by hydraulic pressure generated by a part of drilling fluid flowing through the inner cavity of the upper joint, when the discharge amount of the drilling fluid is equal to a first preset value, friction torque generated between the upper joint and the core barrel is equal to the reaction torque generated on the shell of the screw drill so as to carry out directional drilling, and when the discharge amount of the drilling fluid is higher than the first preset value, the friction torque generated between the upper joint and the core barrel is larger than the reaction torque generated on the shell of the screw drill, so that the core barrel drives the shell of the screw drill to rotate so as to carry out composite drilling.)
1. A reactive torque automatic balancing device for a screw drill, comprising:
a cylindrical upper joint, a cylindrical lower joint and a cylindrical upper joint,
the core barrel is sleeved in the inner cavity of the upper joint, the inner cavity of the core barrel is communicated with the screw drilling tool at the downstream, so that the drilling fluid from the inner cavity of the upper joint can flow to the screw drilling tool through the inner cavity of the core barrel to enable the screw drilling tool to drill,
a cylindrical lower joint fixedly arranged at the lower end of the core barrel, wherein part of the lower joint extends out of the inner cavity of the upper joint to be fixedly connected with the shell of the screw drill through a lower drill rod,
an auto-balancing assembly disposed between an outer wall of the cartridge and an inner wall of the upper sub, the auto-balancing assembly being driven by hydraulic pressure generated by a portion of drilling fluid flowing through an inner cavity of the upper sub,
Wherein the automatic balancing component enables the friction torque generated between the upper joint and the core barrel to be equal to the reaction torque generated on the shell of the screw drill to carry out directional drilling when the drilling fluid displacement is equal to a first preset value,
when the discharge amount of the drilling fluid is higher than a first preset value, the automatic balancing component enables the friction torque generated between the upper joint and the core barrel to be larger than the reaction torque generated on the shell of the screw drill, and the core barrel drives the shell of the screw drill to rotate so as to carry out composite drilling.
2. The reactive torque automatic balancing apparatus of claim 1, wherein the automatic balancing assembly comprises:
an annular stator sleeved on the outer wall of the core barrel, the stator is clamped with the inner wall of the upper joint,
a rotor arranged at the lower end of the stator in a matching way, wherein the rotor is in a cylindrical shape and is sleeved on the outer wall of the core cylinder and is in tooth joint with the outer wall of the core cylinder,
and an annular piston fitted over the outer wall of the core barrel, the piston being located at the upper end of the stator to receive the pressure of the drilling fluid and being capable of transmitting thrust to urge the stator and the rotor to move axially toward each other between the piston and the lower joint to generate a frictional torque.
3. The anti-torque automatic balancing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the annulus between the core cylinder and the upper joint located upstream of the piston forms a hydraulic passage capable of communicating with the inner cavity of the upper joint, the annulus between the core cylinder and the upper joint located downstream of the piston forms a second space capable of communicating with the outside, and the radially inner and outer portions of the piston are in movable sealing contact with the core cylinder and the upper joint, respectively, so that the piston can receive the drilling fluid pressure of the hydraulic passage to form a pressure difference between the upper and lower ends of the piston.
4. The automatic counter-torque balancing device according to claim 3, wherein a first protruding ring is provided on an outer wall of the cartridge, a first elastic member is provided between the first protruding ring and the piston, one end of the first elastic member is fixed to an upper end surface of the piston, and the other end of the first elastic member is fixed to a lower end surface of the first protruding ring, and the first elastic member generates a pulling force to partially cancel a pushing force generated by the drilling hydraulic pressure acting on the piston when the piston is pressed and moved downward in the axial direction.
5. A reactive torque automatic balancing device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that a nozzle is provided on the piston which can communicate the hydraulic passage and the second space.
6. The automatic counter-torque balancing device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein a locking cylinder locked circumferentially with the core cylinder is sleeved on an outer wall of an upper end of the core cylinder, the locking cylinder extends axially upward to form an engagement with an inner wall of the upper joint, and the locking cylinder is configured to move axially to disengage the locking cylinder from the engagement with the upper joint when a drilling fluid displacement is greater than a second predetermined value.
7. The reactive torque automatic balancing apparatus according to claim 6, wherein an orifice having an upper end flow area larger than a lower end flow area is provided in the inner chamber of the lock cylinder, the orifice communicating with the inner chamber of the cartridge, and a communication hole for communicating the inner chamber of the lock cylinder and the hydraulic passage is provided in a wall of the lock cylinder.
8. The reactive torque automatic balancing device according to claim 6 or 7, wherein a second convex ring is provided on an outer wall of the cylinder, and a second elastic member is provided between the second convex ring and the locking cylinder.
9. The reactive torque automatic balancing device according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein an adjusting cylinder capable of being positioned between the core cylinder and the piston is sleeved on the outer wall of the core cylinder, and the adjusting cylinder is movably and hermetically connected with the piston.
10. The reactive torque automatic balancing device according to any one of claims 2 to 9, characterized in that the outer side wall of the lower end of the piston has a cutout so that the radial dimension of the upper section of the piston is larger than the radial dimension of the lower section.
11. A reactive torque automatic balancing device according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that the axial dimensions of the stator and the rotor are the same and are in the range of 10 to 30 mm.
12. A reactive torque automatic balancing device according to any one of claims 2 to 11, wherein the rotor is in involute toothing with the outer wall of the core barrel and the height of the toothing is not more than 3 mm.
13. The anti-torque automatic balancing device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein a bearing at an upper end of the automatic balancing assembly is provided between an outer wall of the cartridge and an inner wall of the upper joint,
a groove is provided on the inner wall of the upper joint for defining the outer race of the bearing,
and arranging a third convex ring on the wall of the core barrel, wherein the third convex ring and a fixing nut which is positioned on the third convex ring and sleeved on the outer wall of the core barrel define an inner ring of the bearing together.
14. The anti-torque automatic balancing device according to claim 13, wherein the upper joint is a split structure and includes an upper joint body and an outer cylinder, an upper end of the outer cylinder extends into an inner cavity of the upper joint body, and the groove is formed between an upper end surface of the outer cylinder and a step surface of the upper joint body.
15. The anti-torque automatic balancing device according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that a drop-proof ring is provided at a lower end of the upper joint, an upper end of the drop-proof ring being inserted into the inner cavity of the upper joint to form a bearing surface at an upper end face of the drop-proof ring.
16. The automatic counter-torque balancing device according to claim 15, wherein a wear layer is provided on an inner side wall of the drop-proof ring between the drop-proof ring and the lower joint, and a drain groove extending in an axial direction is provided on the wear layer.
17. A drill string comprising the anti-torque automatic balancing device of any one of claims 1 to 16 and a screw drill, the bottom of the anti-torque automatic balancing device being 40-60 meters from the top of the screw drill.
18. A method of drilling a well using the string of drilling tubulars of claim 17, comprising:
when directional drilling is needed, drilling fluid with the discharge capacity equal to a first preset value is pumped into the drilling pipe string, hydraulic pressure generated by a part of the drilling fluid acts on a piston of the anti-torque automatic balancing device, so that the friction torque generated between the upper joint and the core barrel is equal to the anti-torque generated on the shell of the screw drilling tool in magnitude,
when composite drilling is needed, drilling fluid with the discharge amount higher than a first preset value is pumped into the drilling pipe string, and hydraulic pressure generated by a part of the drilling fluid acts on a piston of the anti-torque automatic balancing device, so that friction torque generated between the upper joint and the core barrel is larger than anti-torque generated on a shell of the screw drilling tool.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of oil and gas well construction, in particular to a reactive torque automatic balancing device for a screw drilling tool, a drilling pipe string comprising the same and a method for drilling by using the drilling pipe string.
Background
At present, a screw drilling tool is mainly used for controlling the track of a well bore in a directional well and a horizontal well. In the working process, when the sliding drilling is carried out, the drill string does not rotate so as to ensure the stability of the tool surface of the screw drill, but the drill string and the well wall generate large axial friction resistance, and particularly for a long horizontal section horizontal well and a large displacement well, the large axial friction resistance can cause the transmission of the bit pressure to be unsmooth and the mechanical drilling speed to be low.
In order to solve the defect of low mechanical drilling speed during the sliding directional drilling of the screw drill, various technologies are developed at home and abroad, and the main idea is to rotate a drill column to reduce friction and improve the mechanical drilling speed. In the prior art, an advanced rotary steering tool can be used to effectively control the track of a well and simultaneously rotate a drill column, so that the defects of a sliding steering technology are overcome, the transmission of the bit pressure is smooth, the mechanical drilling speed is high, and the quality of the well is good. However, the rotary steering tool is an electromechanical and hydraulic integrated device, so that the use and maintenance cost is high, and the reduction of the drilling cost is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of some or all of the above technical problems in the prior art, the present invention provides a reactive torque automatic balancing apparatus for a screw drill, a drilling string including the same, and a method for drilling a well using the drilling string. The automatic counter-torque balancing device is based on a screw drill tool, can rotate a drill stem to smoothly transfer the drilling pressure during sliding drilling, can effectively control tools on a tool face, and solves the problems of supporting pressure during sliding drilling, low mechanical drilling speed and the like. In addition, the structure is simple, and the cost is low.
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a reactive torque automatic balancing apparatus for a screw drill, comprising:
a cylindrical upper joint, a cylindrical lower joint and a cylindrical upper joint,
a core barrel sleeved in the inner cavity of the upper joint, the inner cavity of the core barrel is communicated with the screw drill in the downstream, so that the drilling fluid from the inner cavity of the upper joint can flow to the screw drill through the inner cavity of the core barrel to enable the screw drill to drill,
a cylindrical lower joint fixedly arranged at the lower end of the core barrel, wherein part of the lower joint extends out of the inner cavity of the upper joint to be fixedly connected with the shell of the screw drill through a lower drill rod,
an automatic balancing assembly disposed between an outer wall of the cartridge and an inner wall of the upper sub, the automatic balancing assembly being driven by hydraulic pressure generated by a portion of the drilling fluid flowing through the inner cavity of the upper sub,
Wherein when the drilling fluid displacement is equal to a first preset value, the automatic balance assembly enables the friction torque generated between the upper joint and the core barrel to be equal to the reaction torque generated on the shell of the screw drill so as to perform directional drilling,
when the discharge amount of the drilling fluid is higher than a first preset value, the automatic balance assembly enables the friction torque generated between the upper joint and the core barrel to be larger than the reaction torque generated on the shell of the screw drilling tool, and the core barrel drives the shell of the screw drilling tool to rotate so as to carry out composite drilling.
In one embodiment, the auto-balancing assembly includes:
an annular stator sleeved on the outer wall of the core barrel, the stator is clamped with the inner wall of the upper joint,
a rotor arranged at the lower end of the stator in a matching way, wherein the rotor is in a cylindrical shape and is sleeved on the outer wall of the core cylinder and is in gear joint with the outer wall of the core cylinder,
and the annular piston is sleeved on the outer wall of the core barrel, is positioned at the upper end of the stator to receive the pressure of the drilling fluid and can transmit thrust to urge the stator and the rotor to be close to each other in the axial direction between the piston and the lower joint so as to generate friction torque.
In one embodiment, an annular space between the core barrel and the upper joint located at the upstream of the piston forms a hydraulic channel which can be communicated with an inner cavity of the upper joint, an annular space between the core barrel and the upper joint located at the downstream of the piston forms a second space which can be communicated with the outside, and the radial inner part and the radial outer part of the piston are respectively in movable sealing contact with the core barrel and the upper joint, so that the piston can receive drilling fluid pressure of the hydraulic channel to form pressure difference at the upper end and the lower end of the piston.
In one embodiment, a first protruding ring is arranged on the outer wall of the core barrel, a first elastic member is arranged between the first protruding ring and the piston, one end of the first elastic member is fixed with the upper end face of the piston, the other end of the first elastic member is fixed with the lower end face of the first protruding ring, and the first elastic member generates a pulling force to partially offset the drilling fluid pressure acting on the piston when the piston is pressed to move downwards in the axial direction.
In one embodiment, a nozzle is provided on the piston that is capable of communicating the hydraulic passage and the second space.
In one embodiment, a locking cylinder locked with the circumferential direction of the core cylinder is sleeved on the outer wall of the upper end of the core cylinder, the locking cylinder extends upwards along the axial direction to form clamping connection with the inner wall of the upper connector, and the locking cylinder can be configured to move axially to disconnect the clamping connection of the locking cylinder and the upper connector when the discharge amount of the drilling fluid is larger than a second preset value.
In one embodiment, an orifice having an upper end flow area larger than a lower end flow area is provided in the inner chamber of the lock cylinder, the orifice communicates with the inner chamber of the cartridge, and a communication hole for communicating the inner chamber of the lock cylinder and the hydraulic passage is provided in the wall of the lock cylinder.
In one embodiment, a second collar is provided on the outer wall of the cartridge, and a second resilient member is provided between the second collar and the locking barrel.
In one embodiment, an adjusting cylinder which can be positioned between the core cylinder and the piston is sleeved on the outer wall of the core cylinder, and the adjusting cylinder is movably and hermetically connected with the piston.
In one embodiment, the outer side wall of the lower end of the piston has a cutout to allow the upper section of the piston to have a radial dimension greater than the radial dimension of the lower section.
In one embodiment, the axial dimensions of the stator and rotor are the same and are in the range of 10 to 30 mm.
In one embodiment, the rotor is geared with the outer wall of the core barrel in an involute manner, and the height of the geared teeth is no greater than 3 millimeters.
In one embodiment, a bearing at the upper end of the automatic balancing assembly is arranged between the outer wall of the cartridge and the inner wall of the upper joint,
a groove is provided on the inner wall of the upper joint for defining the outer race of the bearing,
and a third convex ring is arranged on the wall of the core barrel, and the third convex ring and a fixing nut which is positioned on the third convex ring and sleeved on the outer wall of the core barrel define an inner ring of the bearing.
In one embodiment, the upper joint is of a split structure and comprises an upper joint body and an outer cylinder, the upper end of the outer cylinder extends into the inner cavity of the upper joint body, and a groove is formed between the upper end surface of the outer cylinder and the step surface of the upper joint body.
In one embodiment, a drop-resistant ring is provided at the lower end of the upper adapter, and the upper end of the drop-resistant ring is inserted into the inner cavity of the upper adapter to form a bearing surface at the upper end face of the drop-resistant ring.
In one embodiment, a wear layer is provided on the inner sidewall of the drop ring between the drop ring and the lower joint, and an axially extending drainage groove is provided in the wear layer.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a drill string comprising the reactive torque automatic balancing device and a screw drill as described above, the bottom of the reactive torque automatic balancing device being 40-60 meters from the top of the screw drill.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of drilling a well using the string of drilling tubulars described above, comprising:
when directional drilling is needed, drilling fluid with the discharge capacity equal to a first preset value is pumped into the drilling pipe string, hydraulic pressure generated by a part of the drilling fluid acts on a piston of the anti-torque automatic balancing device, so that friction torque generated between an upper joint and a core barrel is equal to anti-torque generated on a shell of a screw drilling tool in magnitude,
when composite drilling is needed, drilling fluid with the discharge quantity higher than a first preset value is pumped into the drilling pipe string, and hydraulic pressure generated by a part of the drilling fluid acts on a piston of the anti-torque automatic balancing device, so that friction torque generated between the upper joint and the core barrel is larger than anti-torque generated on a shell of the screw drilling tool.
Compared with the prior art, the anti-torque automatic balancing device has the advantages that the anti-torque automatic balancing device is based on the screw drill tool and arranged above the screw drill tool for a certain distance, when the screw drill tool needs to slide and directionally drill, the anti-torque of the screw drill tool is automatically balanced by the friction torque through the automatic balancing component, so that the tool surface of the screw drill tool is kept stable, meanwhile, a drill column above the anti-torque automatic balancing device is driven by a turntable to be in a rotating state, the axial friction resistance is greatly reduced, and the mechanical drilling speed is greatly improved, so that the mechanical drilling speed is greatly improved while the anti-torque automatic balancing device keeps the tool surface of the screw drill tool stable; and when the well track meets the composite design requirement, the composite drilling mode is entered, the upper joint, the core barrel and the lower joint rotate together by adjusting the friction torque generated by the automatic balancing component, and then the shell of the screw drilling tool is driven to rotate, so that the mechanical drilling speed is improved. In addition, the reaction torque automatic balancing device is simple in structure, and drilling and maintenance costs are low.
Drawings
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the attached drawing figures, wherein:
FIG. 1 illustrates an automatic counter torque balancing apparatus for a progressive cavity drill according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is section A-A from FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is section B-B from FIG. 1;
FIG. 4 is section C-C from FIG. 1;
FIG. 5 is section D-D from FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is section E-E from FIG. 1;
figure 7 shows a drill string according to one embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, like parts are provided with like reference numerals. The figures are not drawn to scale.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 shows an automatic counter torque balancing device 303 for a progressive cavity drill 305 in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the reactive torque automatic balancing device 303 includes an
In one embodiment, the auto-balancing assembly has a
In the present application, the piston 21 is driven by hydraulic pressure. In particular, the annulus between the
During operation, the friction torque to which the
Tf=(ΔPS-f)nμr (1)
in the formula, TfFor friction torque, Δ P is the differential pressure between inside and outside, and specifically includes the starting pressure loss Δ P0And the working pressure loss delta P of the screwpAnd start up the pressure loss Δ P0In relation to the drilling fluid displacement, n is the number of contact surfaces of the
While the reaction torque experienced by the core barrel 9 (and also the reaction torque experienced by the housing of the progressive cavity drill 305) is:
TP=△Ppk (2)
in the formula, TpScrew drill 305 reaction torque, Δ PpK is a characteristic parameter of the screw drill 305, namely, the operating pressure loss of the screw.
According to the formula, the starting pressure loss delta P is calculated and determined according to the first preset value of the drilling fluid discharge0The design spring specification, when the piston moves down under the drilling hydraulic pressure effect until with the stator contact of top, the pulling force of spring is:
f=△P0S (3)
after the spring is determined, a first predetermined value of drilling fluid displacement is determined. The force of the spring, which causes the piston 21 to press the
Secondly, under the conditions of determining the sizes of the stator and the rotor and the friction coefficient, the number of the designed
Through the principle, when the discharge amount of the drilling fluid is equal to a first preset value, the tool surface of the screw drill 305 is always kept stable, and meanwhile, the drill string above the screw drill reaction torque automatic balancing device 303 is driven by the rotary table to rotate. When the drilling fluid discharge is above a certain displacement of a first predetermined value, the piston 21 is subjected to a large force and presses the
For example, a plurality of
Preferably, the height of the teeth of the
The gurley seal rings 11 are provided between the outer wall of the piston 21 and the inner wall of the
Preferably, the
A nozzle 10 is provided on the piston 21 to communicate the hydraulic passage 6 with the second space 22, as shown in fig. 3. A small amount of drilling fluid can flow from the hydraulic passage 6 into the second space 22 through the nozzle 10 for cooling the automatic balancing assembly, thereby prolonging the service life of the automatic balancing assembly.
For example, the outer side wall of the lower end of the piston 21 has a cutout 211 therein so that the radial dimension of the upper section of the piston 21 is larger than the radial dimension of the lower section. The arrangement enables the adjacent area between the piston 21 and the
A first collar 91 is provided on the outer wall of the
The locking barrel 2 locked with the circumferential direction of the
An adjusting cylinder 8 which can be positioned between the
In one embodiment, a drop-off prevention ring 15 is fixed to the lower end of the
As shown in fig. 6, a wear-resistant layer 23 is disposed on the inner side wall of the anti-drop ring 15, and a wear-resistant layer 14 is also disposed on the outer wall of the lower joint 16 for increasing wear resistance therebetween and prolonging service life. A drainage groove 231 extending in the axial direction is provided on the wear-resistant layer 23. For example, four drainage grooves 231 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction for enlarging a fluid passage of the second space 22 communicating with the outside.
In one embodiment, a bearing 5 at the upper end of the auto-balance assembly is provided between the outer wall of the
The upper end of the
The upper part of the lower adapter 16 is inserted into the inner cavity of the
The present application also includes a wellbore string and method. As shown in fig. 7, the string of well tubulars includes the reactive torque automatic balancing apparatus 303 and the progressive cavity drill 305 of the present application. In use, the
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily make changes or variations within the technical scope of the present invention disclosed, and such changes or variations should be covered within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
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